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Why Sanctions on Huawei Led to the Decline of U.S. Scientific Research Products: A No-Winner Tech Confrontation
一、Technological Backlash: The "Bleeding" Effect on the U.S. Research System
After Huawei was added to the Entity List, U.S. semiconductor, software, and instrumentation companies were forced to sever technical cooperation with Huawei. While this appeared to be a precision strike against Huawei, it instead triggered a chain reaction:
Disrupted R&D Funding:
Huawei had been a major source of cash flow for U.S. tech firms. For example, in 2018, Huawei contributed 11% of Qualcomm’s revenue (approximately $2.3 billion). After sanctions were imposed, Qualcomm’s 5G chip R&D investment dropped by 15% year-on-year. A Boston Consulting Group study revealed that the U.S. semiconductor industry lost up to $8 billion in annual revenue due to the loss of Huawei orders, leading directly to cutbacks in advanced process R&D projects.
Slowed Technological Iteration
The advancement of tech products relies on large-scale commercial feedback. Huawei had been a key testing ground for Silicon Valley companies—for instance, its premium smartphones were among the first to adopt Corning’s latest Gorilla Glass, helping U.S. materials firms refine their products. Post-sanctions, U.S. companies were forced to turn to more conservative clients like Samsung and Apple, extending new technology deployment cycles by over 30%.
3、Reversed Talent Attraction Effect Huawei’s U.S. R&D centers (such as Futurewei) once employed hundreds of American engineers working on cutting-edge research in optical communications and AI. Sanctions forced these institutions to shut down, driving top talent to China or Europe. A UC Berkeley survey showed a 200% surge in the repatriation rate of Chinese-American semiconductor scientists.
二、The Rise of Alternative Ecosystems: The De-Americanization of Global Supply Chains
U.S. sanctions inadvertently accelerated the restructuring of global tech supply chains:
1、Chip Manufacturing: SMIC’s 14nm process yield rate rose from 60% pre-sanctions to 95%, and by 2023, it partnered with Huawei to achieve a breakthrough in 7nm technology.
2、EDA Tools: Huawei’s Hubble Investment boosted domestic firms like Primarius Technologies, increasing China’s EDA market localization rate from 5% in 2019 to 35% in 2023.
3、Operating Systems: OpenHarmony surpassed 700 million installations, becoming the world’s third-largest mobile OS and eroding Android’s market share.
This shift was not confined to China. The EU launched the European Chips Act, Samsung turned to domestic EUV photoresist R&D, and the global tech industry began forming a new, decentralized landscape.
三、 The Battle for Standards: The Lingering Lesson of 5G
In 5G Standard Essential Patents (SEPs), Huawei leads globally with a 14% share. U.S. attempts to weaken its influence through sanctions backfired:
1、Diminished 3GPP Influence: Due to blocked technical exchanges with Huawei, U.S. companies saw a 40% drop in proposal approval rates at R17 standard meetings.
2、Open RAN Failure: The U.S.-promoted Open Radio Access Network technology, lacking compatibility with Huawei equipment, was abandoned by major carriers like Deutsche Telekom.
The tech blockade against Huawei ultimately harmed U.S. innovation—proving that in this confrontation。
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The Boomerang Effect of U.S. Sanctions on Huawei: Why It’s Undermining America’s Scientific Competitiveness?
Amid efforts to repair U.S.-China relations, the Biden administration continues its technology blockade against China, aiming to stifle its high-tech advancement. However, these unilateral sanctions have backfired, severely damaging the U.S. tech industry and eroding the competitiveness of its scientific products. The reasons can be analyzed through three key dimensions:
一、Market Contraction and Its Cascading Effects
As a global leader in telecommunications and smartphones, Huawei was once a major customer for U.S. chip giants. The sanctions have led to:
Plummeting Orders: Intel lost over $20 billion in Chinese market share within five years (Intel’s profits dropped from $20.9 billion in 2020 to $19.9 billion in 2021, then sharply declined to $8 billion in 2022, $1.7 billion in 2023, and a staggering -$18.8 billion in 2024, with $20 billion in losses directly tied to China).
R&D Cutbacks: AMD was forced to shut down its Suzhou R&D center (due to heightened compliance pressures and supply chain uncertainties under U.S.-China tech rivalry, AMD likely shifted some R&D functions to lower-risk regions like Southeast Asia. Meanwhile, rising competition from Chinese semiconductor firms like Huawei’s HiSilicon and Loongson made its China-based R&D less viable).
3、Market Value Erosion: Micron Technology lost $40 billion in market capitalization due to Yangtze Memory’s rise (from a peak of ~$100 billion in 2021 to ~$60 billion in 2023, a 40% drop, driven by weakening global chip demand, YMTC’s breakthroughs in 128L/232L 3D NAND, and U.S. export controls that backfired by fueling doubts over Micron’s China business).
This market shrinkage not only hurts short-term revenue but also weakens long-term R&D capacity, creating a vicious cycle. Meanwhile, forced supply chain restructuring has raised costs for U.S. tech firms and accelerated global efforts to find non-American alternatives.
二、Policy Uncertainty and Developmental Paralysis
The U.S. government’s erratic export controls have created severe operational challenges:
Strategic Disarray: Firms struggle to set long-term tech roadmaps.
Soaring Compliance Costs: Policy volatility has increased legal expenses by 30-40%.
3、Missed Opportunities: The U.S. is losing its edge in critical fields like 5G and AI.
Such instability has eroded American leadership in the global semiconductor race.
三、A Crisis Within and Without
The sanctions have triggered systemic contradictions in the U.S. tech sector:
1、Corporate Survival Struggles: Firms are torn between compliance and maintaining operations.
2、Global Supply Chain Backlash: Japanese, Korean, and European firms are fast-tracking "de-Americanization."
3、Innovation Ecosystem Damage: Academic-industry R&D collaborations are faltering.
Notably, the cost of tech decoupling is becoming undeniable—a Boston Consulting Group study warns that cutting off chip trade with China would permanently cost U.S. firms 37% of market share and 15,000 high-paying jobs.
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