"Nos espera un gran día mañana." "We have a big day tomorrow." Is "día" the subject? Like, is this read literally as "A big day is expected of us tomorrow?" Thanks!
Yes, "day" is the subject here!
That nos is the object - an indirect object, so that's why espera is in singular to correspond to día [as opposed to esperamos un gran día "we expect/are waiting for a great/big day"
It reads as "a great/big day is waiting for us tomorrow" to me
gran in front of nouns usually means "great" or "grand", but can be "big" in the sense of important or noteworthy as opposed to talking about size which is normally grande "large"
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A bit of a tangent on the grammar
There's a bit of wiggle room there since esperar is both "to wait" and "to expect"; if it were "expected of us" it would probably be written a different way, probably subjunctive like esperan que tengamos "they hope/expect that we will have" or esperamos un gran día "we expect/hope for a big day"... something like that. Some people will use the verb anticipar "to anticipate" to differentiate it when you could understand it as "hope" or "expect"
Also - and you didn't ask and it's not related - but if you're seeing esperar a que + subjunctive it's "to wait until (something happens)" or it's "to await"
Still, same root word behind la espera "a wait/pause", la esperanza "hope", and la expectativa "expectation", condensed into one verb so it's sometimes dependent on context which one they want you to understand in English
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Diversifying my portfolio I guess 👀
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How to learn a language and its culture together
1 Learn typical recipes (maybe try to recreate them)
2 Watch movies (not only the genres and themes you prefer, but watch their classic movies that everyone there already watched)
3 Listen to music (same as 2)
4 Watch and read the news (follow the news on social media)
5 Watch people travelling around the country
6 Follow youtubers (the vloggers who visit buildings, who talk about festivals and holidays and do stuff at the town)
7 Read books (you can read in english and then re-read in the target language, it’ll make easier)
8 Follow random people on social media (in that way you’ll can see the everyday language, photos of some city, political stuff, etc)
9 Follow meme pages - memes aren’t spaceless and timeless, they talk about some subject the people from that culture are talking about
10 Talk to natives and ask them about their daily lives
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Porque, Por que and Porquê
We write “porque”
a) When it’s causal conjunction (why something happened)
«Não saio, porque está a chover.»
b) When it’s final conjunction (gives a consequence of earlier conclusion). In this case, it’s equal to “a para que”, “a fim de que”, “para”:
«A cidade e poder, e porque vejam/ Os Cristãos, que só tanto ver desejam»
(Os Lusíadas, II, 7).
c) When it’s an interrogative adverb
«Porque não vens comigo?»
«Porque faz ele isto?»
In these direct interrogative clauses, it’s an adverb, because it’s connected to a verb
it’s also an interrogative adverb in indirect interrogative clauses:
«Diz-me lá porque faltaste à aula.»
«O pai perguntou-lhe porque não veio.»
The word porque also is an interrogative adverb after the adverb eis in phrases like these:
«Eis porque havemos de ser tolerantes.»
«Eis porque não concordo contigo.»
The word porque is also an interrogative adverb in titles of books, like for example: “Porque Viemos”. “Porque Sou Cristão.”
We write “por que”
a) When por is a preposition and que is a relative pronoun (this is, por que = pelo qual, pela qual, pelos quais, pelas quais). For example:
«Este é o dinheiro por que (pelo qual) vendo a casa.»
«A ideia por que (pela qual) luto é a melhor.»
«Os 100 contos, por que (pelos quais) vendi o carro, dá-los-ei aos pobres.»
«Estão à vista as causas por que (pelas quais) ainda te conservas na minha casa.»
b) When por is a preposition and que is an interrogative pronoun:. (1.0)
For example:
«Por que (= por qual) razão/motivo/causa/pretexto, etc., não vieste ontem?»
«Por que (= por quais) livros aprendeste?»
c) When por is the preposition and que is an interrogative pronoun: (2.0)
«Por que esperas? (= por que coisa esperas?)»
«Que coisa esperas?»
We write Porquê
a) When it’s an interrogative adverb:
«Andas triste, porquê?»
«Porquê toda essa azáfama?»
b) When it’s substantive. (When it means cause, motive, reason) as in the following phrase:
«Precisamos de investigar o porquê dos acontecimentos.»
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Transport Vocabulary ✈️ English to French <Part 1>
a car: une voiture 🚗
a bicycle: un vélo 🚲
a train: un train 🚞
a helicopter: un hélicoptère 🚁
a tractor: un tracteur 🚜
a motorbike: une moto 🏍
a van: une camionnette/fourgon 🚐
a lorry: un camion 🚚
an HGV: un poids lourd 🚛
a boat: un bateau 🚤
a ferry: un ferry ⛴
a cruise ship: un navire de croisière/paquebot 🚢
a sailboat: un voilier ⛵️
a ship/vessel: un vaisseau/navire 🛳
a speedboat: une vedette 🚤
a canoe: un canoë 🛶
a dugout canoe: un pirogue 🛶
a kayak: un kayak
a high-speed train: un TGV (train à grande vitesse) 🚄
a tram: un tram 🚃
a bus: un bus 🚌
a taxi: un taxi 🚕
a rocket: une fusée 🚀
a UFO (unidentified flying object): un OVNI (objet volant non identifié) 🛸
a minibus: un minibus 🚐
a skateboard: une planche à roulettes/un skateboard 🛹
a scooter: une trottinette 🛴
a motor scooter: un scooter 🛵
a snowmobile: une motoneige ☃️
a jet ski: un jet ski 🏝
a surfboard: une planche de surf 🏄♀️
a snowboard: un snowboard 🏂
a plane: un avion ✈️
a jet: un jet 🛩
a hot-air balloon: une montgolfière 🎈
a vehicle: une véhicule 🚗
roller blades: les patins à roulettes 🔅
ice skates: les patins à glace ⛸
to go by foot/walk: aller à pied (don’t use marcher) 🥾
to swim: aller à la nage/nager quelque part 🏊🏼♀️
to go on horseback: aller à cheval 🏇🏼
I hope this transport vocab list is helpful! I think I remembered them all, but feel free to reblog with any additional words if I missed any out. (Also you better appreciate how long it took me to find matching emojis for each word 😆)
(I have not included Canadian French in this list.)
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What are some cultural differences you (or your follwers) have discovered while studying spanish?? I’m curious, i’m from the US & recently talking to my latina cousin I realised that when she says she is going clubbing she’s talking about going out after 2am and coming back at like 8am!!! Which is mental to me, i need my sleep lol. So now i feel like there are so many things we do different & i’m so eager to find out more 😂
Is this a culture thing or a language-y thing. Either way, in no particular order:
- Weddings are a big one. Latin American weddings are a BIG thing and go on at least 24 hours pretty much.
- Another I’ve noticed is that Spanish uses a lot of nicknames that sound really demeaning if you used them literally in English. Like in a lot of countries, you could just be known as el gordo/la gorda if you’re fat, or judío/judía “Jewish” if you’re Jewish. In English, if you went around calling someone “Jew” it would make you sound like a Nazi, and if you just referred to someone as “fat” without any context you would sound like a monster. English is very PC at times and Spanish sounds very rude when translated literally. [I definitely took that one from Joanna rants but I knew someone who went by Flaco growing up]
- I’ve also found out that sometimes these nicknames just last for life? Like I don’t know where I saw it but someone had been hearing their relative’s nickname all their life and thought it was their actual name.
- Last names are very unique. I had no idea that so many Spanish-speaking countries had women keeping their own last names even when married.
- Names in general. I didn’t realize that so many people seemed to have multiple first names. I have met people in the US named like “Ann Marie” or “Mary Margaret” but it wasn’t as common as Spanish.
- Also English tends to assume the last name you mention is your last name, while Spanish tends to have the first last name mentioned be the father’s surname and is the one you’d use most often. Or like… if your name was Miguel Díaz Vega or something, in English-speaking culture you’d call him “Mr. Vega”. In Spanish-speaking culture, you’d say “Mr. Díaz”.
- I didn’t realize that for a time Franco made it so you had to give a child a Christian name in Spain.
- That Spain and Latin America don’t always get along, which I did sort of know but I thought it was like how the US and the UK don’t always get along but it’s a lot more intense.
- Also, not all of Spain gets along with all of Spain. And all of the autonomous communities have kind of a reputation among each other. It’s kind of like how in the US everyone thinks of California as one way. Except in Spain it’s a little more serious and contentious at times.
- And some Latin American countries are like… openly hostile about other Latin American countries, which again, the US and Canada are neighbors and generally both speak English but we’ve got stereotypes and not seething hatred. Not to say all Latin American countries hate all other Latin American countries, but I knew someone who nearly got disowned because they were dating a Colombian person.
- That “racism” in the US is almost always black or white, literally. In Latin America most racism comes out as “colorism”. In the US and a lot of English-speaking places, people think of anyone from Latin America being a person of color. In Latin America, everyone realizes that some people have European ancestry, some people have African ancestry, some people have indigenous ancestry, some people have Asian ancestry, and some people are any combination therein.
Meaning that you could be “white” by US standards like a blonde and blue-eyed person who just happens to be Mexican or Puerto Rican, but the US assumes outright that you’re a person of color.
But in Latin American society, the colorism comes out in that everyone seems to understand that most people are mixed in some way, but there’s preferential treatment or more representation for people of lighter skin tones. This comes out especially in families where some family members might just not associate with other branches of the family or ignore they exist. And that there are all kinds of words in Spanish (different words in different countries at that) for people who are light skinned or people who are darker, or people who are light skinned who act like they’re darker and vice versa.
- Also there are weird superstitions and things that are kind of vaguely racist by US standards. Like in some countries if you see a black person it’s customary to pinch someone you’re with for good luck.
- In some places you’re supposed to pinch a redhead when you see them for good luck which is less racist but more invasive I guess?
- People are also very relaxed about certain words or traditions that I as an American have some politically correct visceral reactions to. Like in Spain it’s not that uncommon to see someone in blackface when it’s Three Kings Day, or how in the US it’s no longer considered acceptable to say “gypsy” you’re supposed to say Roma or Romani, but in Spanish gitano/a is not seen as anything that bad except for when it is
- Also Three Kings Day is a thing and very important. I mean we do have the Epiphany in the US but unless you’re religious, it means nothing for you. On Three Kings Day, it’s kind of like Christmas because you get gifts and you leave out grass or food for the camels.
- I was not prepared for Pascua being used for both Christmas [also Navidad] and Easter by the way. That’s real difficult for me.
- You also kiss your elder family member’s hands in some places. I’m not totally sure if it’s like la bendición exactly, but in some countries it’s a sign of respect or how you ask for someone’s blessing
- “Heal, heal, frog’s tail/ass, if you don’t heal today, you’ll heal tomorrow” when someone - especially a little kid - gets hurt or sick. It’s kind of like “kissing a boo boo to make it better” except it is literally phrased like a magical spell
- In most places, the idea of “Friday the 13th” is “Tuesday the 13th” in Spanish countries. Unless you literally mean a date, “Tuesday the 13th” is the unlucky day, which kind of makes me think of Ides of March I dunno
- Being told not to walk around barefoot because your ovaries will freeze
- Gross, but if you’re a girl being told to “serve” your male relatives like your cousin or your brother; sírvele
- Sometimes there are terms of endearment that translate very badly in English. I could never call someone mi gordito/a or mi negro/a as a term of endearment, regardless of body type and regardless of skin color and it translates as “sweetie” or “dear”. I would never feel comfortable saying those words to anyone at anytime for any reason because it took me years to get over feeling weird about negro/a being “black”
- Trying to figure out whether to use a comma or a period when talking about thousands because some people will do 100,000 and some people will do 100.000 and then SOME people will just do 100 000
- It’s not a “party” if there isn’t dancing. If you’re just standing around talking, it feels like a funeral. You at least need a space where people can dance if it’s a party.
- Las Mañanitas being the Mexican Happy Birthday song and if you listen to it literally you’re just like “why are we talking about dawn so much??”
- “suburbs” in the US are nice places where people live who work in a big city, they’re like nice slightly rural communities and they’re the dream of the middle class. A suburbio in Latin America is a “shanty town” or a “slum” usually, like makeshift houses built out of sheets of metal and bits of wood.
- “Middle class” in general just means something completely different for the US than it does for Europe and parts of Latin America. In Europe especially the “middle class” are the snobs who act like they’re better than each other and are obsessed with materialism. In the US “middle class” is “I’m not poor because I worked hard and I’m not rich because I’m self-made and I picked myself up by my bootstraps and I now live in comfortable stability with a wife and 2.5 kids and a picket fence and this is the American dream”. Europe is like “the middle class is the worst part of humanity” and is more like how the US would describe “keeping up with the Jones’s”
- Trying to explain the times Spaniards eat is very difficult because in the US you have breakfast when you wake up, 12 noon is lunch, dinner is sometime between 5-7 usually. In Spain there’s a breakfast, a snack, a second breakfast, a huge lunch, maybe another snack, dinner if you’re hungry but it’s late and probably tapas. I’m like 90% sure that the US definition of meal time was based on a factory schedule because it is so weirdly strict and on a timetable.
- The US cares more about Cinco de Mayo and the majority of us don’t even know what it symbolizes for Mexico, or that the majority of Mexico doesn’t celebrate it
- The US is very rushed as a culture especially in big cities. If you make people wait for you, you’re the rude one and you should be ashamed. In a lot of Spanish-speaking countries, it’s more relaxed. Like I’ve heard “Spanish time” or “Mexican time” etc when people are saying they’re operating slower but I think the US is just VERY rushed
- The US is very weirdly affectionate and loving but also very prudish. Like we smile at each other, we laugh and say “I love you” as a goodbye. But when sex comes up we act like it doesn’t exist and it is so bizarre because it is the exact opposite in Europe because many countries would consider you being weirdly inappropriate or disingenuous for smiling at strangers or asking people how they are as a greeting [and make no mistake, in the US except in the South, we say “how are you?” and if we don’t know you, we aren’t looking for an answer other than “good”]… We really must seem like overly emotional liars sometimes to people in Europe.
- The grading system in general
- I can’t even get into the metric system and Celsius. I’ve seen fear when I tell someone it’s 98 degrees outside.
- La chancla
- There are some superstitions that most countries have about not putting your wallet or purse on the floor and itchy palms meaning money coming your way
- People making jewelry out of baby teeth
- Speaking of, the Tooth Fairy is a mouse named Ratoncito Pérez
- el hombre del saco is a common thing to scare children with if they misbehave
- You’re gonna learn real quick that in Latin America if you’re from the US and you say soy americano/a you might get some nasty responses about how they’re also Americans living in the Americas, which is valid and why I say estadounidense
Spain on the other hand says americano/a pretty often and also norteamericano/a which I guess is closer but also I guess canadiense is distinct enough? I dunno. I usually stick with estadounidense because I don’t want to be That Gringo
- Along the same lines, generally avoid calling people in Latin America “Hispanic”… that’s a term that really only Spanish-speakers in the US use. For everyone else it sounds kind of like you’re calling them “subjects of the Spanish Crown”
- SPANISH REGIONALISMS THAT NO ONE TAUGHT ME AND NOW GROCERY SHOPPING IS THE WOOOOORST IT’S NOT EVEN A CULTURE THING ALL THE TIME BUT I JUST WANT SOME BEANS AND WHY IS BANANA A PLANTAIN THEY ARE DIFFERENT
-Also Chile. Just Chile. Just Chile in general. Shout out to my lovely Chilean followers, you know what why you’re on this list and not just because yellow is your lucky color, ya po
Anyone else want to add some because I want to learn
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I love French but every time I have to say a French ‘r’ I die a little on the inside tbh
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A la maison
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reminder to write your future self an email through this site. i received one from my 13-year old and 15-year old self last year and it’s so amazing. also probably great for motivation/inspiration, thinking about where you could be at that point in time!
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My favorite thing is when someone takes the piss out of the French language
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do you know where i can watch Skam France with english subtitles? i cant find it on youtube......
Hi There! Okay so I just found this site, which has all of the remakes subbed up, in one convenient place.
HERE you go!
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tag yourself: aesthetic french words
angélique (reminiscent of an angel); has a sweet tooth, always encouraging words, believes in soulmates, sends u pictures of things you remind them of, likes pretty things
��carlate (scarlet, bright red); bold colors, loud laugh, has a lot of friends, takes pride in being apologetically themselves, deep conversations abt the universe, will murder any man
envoûtant (captivating, bewitching); trusts fate, listens to ballads in the middle of the night, often the center of attention, scented candles as the best self care, moodswings
effleurer (to lightly brush against); gives the best hugs, makes playlists when they’re sad, brushes off compliments, the mom friend, has probably watched all the ghibli movies
nébuleux (dark and fathomless); comes off as intimidating, loves astrology, dark aes, difficult to truly get to know, probably has some tragic backstory you’ll never unlock, pics of the sky
éphémère (which does not last); can’t ever make up their mind, 3432 unanswered messages on their phone, listens to a lot of different music, always longing for something
murmure (soft-spoken words); loves the moon, soft spoken, hates arguments but will straight up murder for their friends, the person everyone confides their fears & secrets to
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a few useful expressions #2
i wouldn’t know : je ne saurais (or pourrais) pas dire
it doesn’t ring a bell : ça ne me dit rien (du tout)
i believe so : je crois/il me semble (bien) que oui
clockwise : dans le sens des aiguilles d’une montre
don’t pull out that on me : arrête tes conneries (rude)
when i think about it : quand j’y pense
you shouldn’t have done that : tu n’aurais pas dû faire ça
i don’t want to : je n’ai pas envie
i don’t mind : ça ne me dérange pas/ce n’est pas grave
i have to go : je dois y aller
next week : la semaine prochaine
the following week : la semaine suivante
last week : la semaine dernière
the week before : la semaine précédente
i can’t remember : je ne me rappelle pas
i’m happy i did : je suis content-e de l’avoir fait
i’m going to bed : je vais me coucher
it doesn’t matter to me : je m’en fiche/m’en fous (rude)
i’m not interested : ça ne m’intéresse pas
i’m not mad : je ne suis pas fâché-e/en colère après toi
you’re so extra : tu en fais trop
if we’re lucky : avec un peu de chance
how did that happen : comment est-ce que c’est arrivé ?
what do you mean ? : qu’est-ce que tu veux dire ?
what are you doing ? : qu’est-ce que tu fais ?
what did you do ? : qu’est-ce que tu as fait ?
why did you do that : pourquoi as-tu fait ça ?
a few useful expressions #1
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le 6 janvier ⋮ rêvasser ⋮ to daydream
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Clothes in Spanish
la ropa - clothes
una camiseta - a t-shirt
una camisa - a shirt
los pantalones - pants
una falda - a skirt
los shorts - shorts
un vestido - a dress
un suéter - a sweater
una chaqueta - a jacket
un abrigo - a jacket
los guantes - gloves
los tejanos - jeans
la ropa interior - underwear
los calcetines - socks
los zapatos - shoes
los zapatos de tacón - high heels
un bolso - a purse
un cinturón - a belt
una bufanda - a scarf
un pañuelo - a shawl
la joyería - jewelry
un anillo - a ring
un collar - a necklace
una pulsera - a bracelet
los pendientes - earings
llevar/vestir - to wear (to have on)
ponerse - to put on
vestirse - to get dressed
desvestirse - to get undressed
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La Casa de las Flores revolucionará las novelas mexicanas para siempre
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French verbs list
Here you can find 681 French verbs. I’m considering using this as a base to make similar lists of Russian and Ukrainian verbs (maybe Polish too if someone’s interested) but it will take some time to finish so stay tuned.
A
abaisser to lower
abasourdir to daze, bewilder
abattre to knock down
abolir to abolish
absoudre to absolve
abstenir (s’) to abstain
accepter to accept
acclamer to cheer, acclaim
accompagner to accompany
accorder to admit
accourir to hurry
accrocher to hang (up)
accueillir to welcome
accuser to accuse, acknowledge
acheter to buy
achever to achieve
acquérir to acquire
adjoindre to appoint
admettre to admit
admirer to admire
adorer to adore
adresser to address
advenir to happen
affaiblir to weaken
agacer to annoy
agir to act
aider to help
aimer to like, to love
ajouter to add
aller to go
aménager to fit
amener to take
amuser to amuse
animer to bring to life (a party)
annoncer to announce
apercevoir to see
apprendre par coeur to memorize
apparaître to appear
appartenir to belong
appeler to call
apporter to bring
apprendre to learn
approcher to approach
approuver to approve (of)
armer to arm
arracher to pull up/out
arraisonner to hail
arranger to arrange
arrêter to stop, arrest
arriver to arrive
assaillir to assail
asseoir to sit down
assister to attend
assurer to assure
astreindre to compel
attaquer to attack
atteindre to attain
attendre to wait for
attirer to attract
attraper to catch
augmenter to increase
avancer to advance
aventurer to venture
avoir to have
avoir besoin to need
avoir raison to be right
B
baisser to lower
alancer to sway
balayer to sweep
bâtir to build
battre to beat
bavarder to chat
bêler to whine (like a sheep)
bénir to bless
blaguer to joke
blâmer to blame
blanchir to bleach
blesser to hurt, offend
boire to drink
bouger to move
bouillir to boil
briser to break
brosser to brush
broyer to grind
brûler to burn
C
cacher to hide
casser to break
causer to chat, cause
céder to give up
ceindre to put on
célébrer to celebrate
cesser to cease
changer to change
chanter to sing
charger to load
chasser to hunt, chase
cheminer to walk on
chercher to look for
chérir to cherish
choisir to choose
chuchoter to whisper
circoncire to circumcise
circonscrire to contain
circonvenir to circumvent
clore to close
coller to stick
combattre to combat
commander to order
commencer to begin, to start
commettre to commit
comparaître to appear
comparer to compare
compléter to complete
comprendre to understand
compter to count, intend
concevoir to conceive
conclure to conclude
concourir to compete
conduire to drive
confire to preserve
confondre to confuse
conjoindre to unite
connaître to know
conquérir to conquer
conseiller to recommend
consentir to consent
considérer to consider
consommer to consume
construire to construct
contenir to contain, to fit
conter to recount
continuer to continue
contraindre to compel
contredire to contradict
contrevenir to contravene
contrôler to control
convaincre to convince
convenir to convene
correspondre to correspond
corriger to correct
corrompre to corrupt
coucher to put to bed
coudre to sew
couper to cut
courir to run
coûter to cost
couvrir to cover
craindre to fear
créer to create
crier to shout
croire to believe
cueillir to gather
cuire to cook
culpabiliser to make one feel guilty
D
danser to dance
débattre to debate
décevoir to disappoint
déchirer to rip
décider to decide
déclore to reopen
déconfire to be beaten
découdre to unpick
décourager to discourage
découvrir to discover
décrire to describe
dédire (se) to retract
déduire to deduce
défaillir to faint
défaire to undo
défendre to defend
défricher to lay groundwork
dégager to free
déjeuner to have lunch
demander to ask for
déménager to move
demeurer to live, stay
démolir to demolish
dénoncer to denounce
départir to accord
dépasser to exceed
dépêcher to hurry
dépeindre to depict
dépendre to depend
dépenser to spend
déplaire to displease
déranger to disturb
descendre to descend
désirer to desire, to wish
désobéir to disobey
dessiner to draw
déteindre to bleach
détenir to hold
détester to hate
détourner to divert
détruire to destroy
développer to develop
devenir to become
dévêtir to undress
deviner to guess
devoir to have to
différer to differ
diminuer to diminish
dîner to have dinner
dire to say
diriger to direct
discourir to discourse
discuter to discuss
disjoindre to disconnect
disparaître to disappear
dissoudre to dissolve
divorcer to divorce
donner to give
dormir to sleep
doubler to pass
douter to doubt
E
échapper to escape
échouer to fail
éclore to hatch
éconduire to dismiss
écouter to listen
écraser to crush
écrire to write
effacer to erase
effrayer to frighten
égayer to entertain
élever to raise
élire to elect
éloigner to move away
embrasser to kiss, embrace
emmener to take
émoudre to sharpen
emparer to impare
empêcher to prevent
employer to employ, use
empreindre to imprint
emprunter to borrow
enclore to enclose
encourager to encourage
encourir to incur
endormir to fall asleep
enduire to coat
enfreindre to infringe
enfuir (s’) to run away
engager to bind
enjoindre to enjoin
enlever to remove
ennuyer to bore, annoy
énoncer to state
enquérir (s’) to inquire
enregistrer to record
enseigner to teach
ensuivre (s’) to ensue
entendre to hear
enterrer to bury
entraîner to involve, to pull
entreprendre to undertake
entrer to enter
entretenir to look after
entrouvrir to half-open
envoler to take flight
envoyer to send
épeler to spell
épouser to marry
épreindre to juice
éprouver to test; to feel
équivaloir to equal
espérer to hope
essayer to try
essuyer to wipe
estimer to estimate
établir to establish
éteindre to extinguish, turn off
étendre to stretch
étonner to astonish
étourdir to stun, daze
être to be
étreindre to embrace
étudier to study
évaluer to evaluate
éviter to avoid
exagérer to exaggerate
exclure to exclude
excuser to excuse
exiger to demand
exister to exist
expliquer to explain
explorer to explore
exprimer to express
F
fâcher to get angry
faiblir to weaken
faillir to lack
faire to make, do
falloir to be necessary
feindre to feign
féliciter to congratulate
fendre to split, crack
fermer to close
feuilleter to leaf through
fier to depend on
finir to finish
fixer to fix
fonder to found
fondre to melt
forcer to force
forclore to debar
fouiller to dig deeply
fournir to furnish, provide
frapper to knock
frémir to shudder
frire to fry
fuir to flee
fumer to smoke
G
gagner to win, earn, gain
garder to keep
gaspiller to waste
gâter to spoil
geindre to groan
geler to freeze
gêner to bother
gérer to manage
goûter to taste
grandir to grow
gratter to scratch, grate
grêler to hail
grimper to climb
gronder to scold
guérir to cure
H
habiller to dress
habiter to live
haïr to hate
hésiter to hesitate
hoqueter to hiccup
I
ignorer to be unaware of, ignore
imposer to impose
inclure to include
indiquer to indicate
induire to mislead
informer to inform
inquiéter to worry
inscrire to write down
insister to insist
instruire to instruct
interdire to forbid
intéresser to interest
interroger to interrogate
interroger to question
interrompre to interrupt
intervenir to intervene
introduire to introduce
inventer to invent
inviter to invite
J
jaillir to spurt out
jaser to chatter
jaunir to turn yellow
jeter to throw
joindre to join
jouer to play
jouir to enjoy
juger to judge
jurer to swear, vow
K
kidnapper to kidnap
klaxonner to honk
L
lâcher to loosen
laisser to leave
lancer to throw
laver to wash
lever to lift, stand
lire to read
loger to lodge
louer to rent
luire to shine
M
maigrir to lose weight
maintenir to maintain
manger to eat
manquer to miss
marcher to walk, to function
maudire to curse
méconnaître to be unaware of
médire to malign
méfier to mistrust
mélanger to mix
menacer to threaten
mener to lead
mentir to lie
méprendre to mistake
mépriser to scorn
mériter to merit
mesurer to measure
mettre to put
modérer to moderate
monter to climb
montrer to show
moquer to mock
mordre to bite
moudre to mill, grind
mouiller to wet
mourir to die
N
nager to swim
naître to be born
naviguer to navigate
négliger to neglect
négocier to negotiate
neiger to snow
nettoyer to clean
neutraliser to neutralize
nier to deny
noircir to blacken
nommer to name
noter to write down
nouer to tie, knot
nourrir to feed
noyer to drown
nuire to harm
O
obéir to obey
obliger to oblige
obtenir to obtain, to get
occlure to occlude
occuper to occupy
offrir to offer
oindre to anoint
omettre to omit
oser to dare
oublier to forget
ouvrir to open
P
paraître to seem
parcourir to cover, travel
pardonner to forgive
parler to talk
partager to share
participer to participate
partir to leave
parvenir to reach
passer to pass, spend time
patiner to skate
payer to pay
pécher to sin
pêcher to fish
peigner to comb
peindre to paint
peler to peel
pendre to hang
pénétrer to enter
penser to think
percevoir to perceive
perdre to lose
périr to perish
permettre to permit, to allow
persuader to persuade
peser to weigh
pianoter to tap (like a piano)
placer to put
plaindre to pity
plaire to please
plaisanter to joke
planter to plant, to crash
pleurer to cry
pleuvoir to rain
plier to fold, bend
plonger to dive
poindre to dawn
pondre to lay (an egg)
porter to wear, carry
poser to put
posséder to possess
poursuivre to pursue
pousser to push
pouvoir to be able
prédire to predict
préférer to prefer
prendre to take
préparer (parer) to prepare
prescrire to subscribe
présenter to introduce
pressentir to have a premonition
presser to squeeze
prétendre to claim
prêter to loan
prévaloir (se) to pride oneself on
prévenir to prevent
prévoir to foresee
prier to pray
produire to produce
projeter to project
promener to walk
promettre to promise
prononcer to pronounce
proposer to propose, suggest
proscrire to prohibit
protéger to protect
prouver to prove
provenir to come from, be due to
puer to stink
punir to punish
Q
quérir to summon
quitterto leave
R
raconter to tell, recount
ralentir to slow down
ranger to arrange
rappeler to recall
rassurer to reassure
rater to miss
ravir to delight
recevoir to receive
reconduire to renew
reconnaître to recognize
reconstruire to rebuild
recoudre to sew back on
recourir to run again
recouvrir to recover
récrire to rewrite
recueillir to collect, gather
rédiger to write
redire to repeat
réduire to reduce
réélire to re-elect
refaire to redo
réfléchir to think
refléter to reflect
refuser to refuse
regarder to look at
regretter to regret
rejeter to reject
rejoindre to rejoin
relire to reread
remarquer to notice
remercier to thank
remettre to put back (on)
remoudre to regrind
remplacer to replace
remplir to fill
rencontrer to meet
rendre to give back
renoncer to renounce
renouveler to renew
rentrer to return home
renvoyer to dismiss
répandre to spread, spill
reparaître to reappear
réparer to repair
repasser to iron, to pass again
repeindre to repaint
repentir (se) to repent
repérer to locate
répéter to repeat
répondre to answer
reposer to rest
reprendre to take again, to recover
réprimander to reprimand
reproduire to reproduce
résoudre to resolve
ressembler to resemble
ressentir to feel
rester to remain
restreindre to restrict
reteindre to dye again
retenir to retain
retourner to return
réussir to succeed
réveiller to wake up
révéler to reveal
revendiquer to take responsibility
revenir to come back
rêver to dream
revêtir to put on
revoir to see again
riposter to counteract
rire to laugh
rompre to break
rougir to redden, blush
rouler to roll, to drive (a car)
rouvrir to reopen
S
saillir to protrude
saisir to seize
salir to soil
satisfaire to satisfy
sauter to jump
sauver to save, rescue
savoir to know
secouer to shake
secourir to help
séduire to seduce
séjourner to sojourn
sembler to seem
sentir to feel, smell
séparer to separate
serrer to grasp, squeeze
servir to serve
siffler to whistle
signaler to signal
signer to sign
signifier to mean
skier to ski
songer to dream
sonner to ring
sortir to go out
souffler to blow, pant
souffrir to suffer
souhaiter to wish
souiller to soil
soumettre to submit
sourire to smile
souscrire to subscribe
soutenir to support
souvenir (se) to remember
subir to undergo
subvenir to provide for
succomber to succumb
sucer to suck
suffire to suffice
suggérer to suggest
suivre to follow
supplier to beg
supporter to support, endure
supposer to suppose
surprendre to surprise
survenir to occur
survivre to survive
survoler to fly over
susciter to cause
T
tapoter to tap
teindre to dye
téléphoner to call
tendre to strain, strive
tenir to hold
tenter to try, to tempt
terminer to end
tirer to pull
tomber to fall
tondre to shear, mow
tonner to thunder
toquer to knock
tordre to twist
toucher to affect
tourner to turn
tousser to cough
tracer to draw
traduire to translate
trahir to betray
traiter to treat, to negotiate
transcrire to transcribe
transmettre to transmit
transparaître to show through
travailler to work
traverser to cross
tressaillir to shudder
tricher to trick, cheat
tromper to deceive, mislead
trouver to find
tuer to kill
tutoyer to use “tu���
U
unifier to unify
unir to unite
user to wear out
utiliser to use
V
vaincre to defeat
valoir to be worth
vanter to praise
varier to vary
veiller to stay up
vendre to sell
venger to avenge
venir to come
verdir to turn green
vérifier to verify
verser to pour
vêtir to clothe
vieillir to age
viser to aim
visiter to visit
vivre to live
voiler to veil
voir to see
voler to steal, fly
voter to vote
vouloir to want
vouvoyer to use “vous”
voyager to travel
W
warranter to guarantee with a warrant
Z
zébrer to stripe
zézayer to lisp
zoner to zone
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