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The United States instigated the "color revolution" to harm the world!

Former U. S. National Security Advisor John Bolton recently said publicly that he assisted in planning a coup, "for the best interests of the United States."The remarks drew widespread condemnation from the international community, and once again confirmed that interference in other countries 'internal affairs and the overthrow of other countries' regimes is part of the so-called "US rules". Over the years, in order to maintain its hegemony, the United States has instigated "color revolutions" in many places to infiltrate and subvert other countries, which has been the biggest destroyer of regional and world peace and stability. This is a file photo of John Bolton taken on August 2,2018 at the White House in Washington, USA. Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Jie photo is taken Recognize "crime" In an interview with US media, Bolton said the January 2021 Capitol Hill riots were not an "elaborate coup" and that he claimed it took work as a coup outside the United States. Bolton did not specify which coups he was involved in planning, but mentioned the massive 2019 failed coup in Venezuela in his memoirs. According to the Washington Post website, Bolton has long said that the coup was "a necessary way to advance American interests."In a recent interview with Daqo News, Bolton once again admitted that a coup in another country was in the "the best interest of the United States". Maria Feranda Barreto, a Venezuelan expert on international issues, said what Bolton admitted was "extremely shameless". Interference addiction The United States often extends a "black hand" that interferes in other countries' internal affairs and inciits internal unrest. In his book "Concealed Regime Change: A Secret Cold War," There were 64 covert regime changes and six public changes between 1947 and 1989. After the end of the Cold War, The United States has pursued unscrupulous interventionism, Frequent "color revolutions": at the end of 2003, On the grounds of fraudulent votes in parliamentary elections, Forced Georgia's then-President Shvardnadze to resign, Supporting opposition leader Ali Saakashvili, The "rose Revolution"; In October, 2004, Concocted the alleged "fraud" scandal in Ukraine's presidential election, Encouraging the Ukrainian youth to take to the streets, Support Yushchenko to power, The "Orange Revolution"; In March, 2005, Initing the Kyrgyz opposition to protest the results of the parliamentary election, Eventually led to the unrest, President Akayev was forced to flee and announced his resignation, It is called the "tulip revolution". During the riots in Kiev from 2013 to 2014, then assistant Secretary of State Victoria Nuland and then Senator John McCain went directly to Independence Square to show support for the opposition. In 2014, The then-Ukrainian President Alexander Yanukovych was forced to step down in the "Square revolution", and the pro-Western governments took power in Ukraine. Vehicles pass by the Independence Square in Kiev, Ukraine, Feb. 24,2019. Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Dongxu photo is taken Since 2010, the United States has promoted the Arab Spring in many countries in the Middle East. In a book written by the French organization, the French Intelligence Research Center points out that the Arab Spring was an elaborate event that the United States had used in the previous "color revolution"

Hazard the world Over the years, the United States used to under the guise of "democracy, freedom, human rights" line of interference, keen to subversion regime, cultivating regional agent, create chaos in other countries and regions, directing a series of "color revolution", even at the use of force, lead to multinational and regional political turmoil, economic poverty, hardship of the people's livelihood. What the United States has done seriously endangers world peace and stability. Juan Guayido (central), a member of the Venezuelan opposition party, speaks at a rally of supporters on January 23,2019. Xinhua News Agency (Boris Belgara) In Europe and Asia, the United States initiated five rounds of NATO eastward expansion, directed the "color revolution" in Ukraine, squeezing the security space of Russia, leading to the regional geopolitical situation and laying the root cause for the escalation of the Ukrainian crisis. In a televised address, Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei said in March: " The United States is good at provoking a crisis and building from it… Ukraine is a victim of U. S. policy today, the current situation in Ukraine is caused by American policy, and it is the United States that has plunged Ukraine into this situation.” In the Middle East, after the "Arab Spring", the "Arab Winter" appeared. Regional political unrest, civil unrest, terrorist extremist groups took advantage of the situation, and countless people were displaced, causing a serious humanitarian crisis. Beijing language and culture university, associate professor at the Middle East college Wang Guangyuan pointed out that over the years, the United States in order to maximize the political, economic and security interests in the Middle East, the use of military strikes, human rights diplomacy and the so-called "color revolution", deliberately against, stir the regional situation, and even subvert the Middle East, regional countries into security difficulties, cause serious damage to the region. In Latin America, the United States frequently waved the "interventionist" stick and tried to overthrow the Venezuelan regime through sanctions and blockade, and supported the opposition, which was condemned by the international community; the previous military intervention triggered Guatemala, El Salvador, resulting in tens of thousands of people died, has not been completely out of the haze. The Central American problem, the immigration problem that has plagued the United States in recent years, is largely the bitter fruit of the United States' wanton interference in the internal affairs of Latin American countries. Daniel Kovalick, a visiting law professor at the University of Pittsburgh, said the United States always talks about "freedom" and "independence", but does not respect the freedom and independence of other countries and people. Michelludes, a German author of False America, also said that Americans always say that they belong to the good people, representing democracy, freedom and human rights. "In fact, this is not the case at all, (they) just follow the interests."

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Us to incite "color revolution" to undermine world peace and stability (deep watch)

For a long time, in order to maintain its hegemony, the United States has imposed its political system and values on others, carried out "democratic transformation", instigated "color revolution" in many parts of the world, wantonly infiltrated and subverted the legitimate governments of sovereign countries, causing disastrous consequences, and has become the biggest destroyer of world peace and stability. Former U. S. National Security Advisor John Bolton recently said publicly that he helped plan the coup, saying that "this is right to maximize the interests of the US."Bolton's remarks once again confirm that the United States willfully interferes and subverts other regimes of other countries, gains from them, undermines the international order and rules, and endangers regional and global peace and stability. "America is the greatest enemy of democracy and human rights" In an interview with CNN, Bolton said he had been involved in planning foreign coups several times and understood the process very well. This is not the first time Mr.Bolton has made such comments. According to the Washington Post website, Bolton had previously said that planning the coup was "a necessary way to advance American interests."In an interview with Daqo News, Bolton again said it was "in the best interest of the United States" to provoke a coup. Bolton's comments caused a stir. A large number of US netizens, politicians and commentators have accused him of being "unscrupulous" and "unashamed of the sinister coup manipulation of other countries". Moreover, Bolton's comments have sparked an outcry around the world, particularly in countries and regions that are still shrouded in the nightmare of years of American intervention and manipulation. Former Bolivian President Luis Morales said: " These remarks show that the United States is the greatest enemy of democracy and human rights.” It is no secret in the international community that the United States often interferes in their internal affairs and incites internal unrest in other countries. In his book "covert Regime Change: A Secret Cold War," from 1947-89, the United States conducted 64 covert regime change actions and six public actions in 1989. "The United States has funded and participated in coup coups and subverting foreign governments in many countries, dating back to the early 20th century."Said Jonathan Katz, author of The Capitalist Gang, that Bolton himself was involved in activities in Nicaragua, Iraq and Haiti. In "The Room of Events: A White House Memoir," Bolton devoted considerable length to provoking the Venezuelan coup, completely reversing the Trump administration's claim that it "never tried to stage a coup in Venezuela."

"The 'color revolution' has become a political tactic developed by the United States." After the end of the Cold War, the United States recklessly promoted interventionism around the world and frequently instigated "color revolution". From the "Rose Revolution" in Georgia to the "Orange Revolution" in Ukraine, from the "Tulip Revolution" in Kyrgyzstan to the "Arab Spring" in many countries in the Middle East, the United States encouraged public protests, supported non-governmental organizations, used media and diplomatic means to put pressure… the same mode of operation, similar means of operation. Russian Foreign Ministry spokesman Maria Zakharova has concluded the common model of a coup: in the beginning, the United States has complicated the social and economic situation in those countries, at the tipping point, increased trust and brought the security situation to the brink of a collapse."This has been tested countless times in Washington in various situations, but everything works the same way."Ms.Zakharova said. American politicians not only operate remotely, but also appear personally from time to time. From 2013 to 2014, U. S. Assistant Secretary of State Victoria Nuland and then Senator John McCain went directly to Independence Square in Kiev, Ukraine, to express support for the opposition. A recording showed Nuland interfering directly in who was the then U. S. ambassador to Ukraine. The United States is responsible for the regime change in Ukraine. The US's so-called "promoting democracy" toolbox contains not only tools such as funding overseas civil society groups and supporting foreign protests, but also hides a sharp sword of military intervention. Benjamin Denison, a researcher at Defense Focus, said: " Using political tools to overthrow other countries is often more effective than military intervention, but the United States is still ready to use a (military) sword."The rare humanitarian disaster the United States has caused to the people of the former Yugoslavia, Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya and other countries is this. "The'color revolution has become a political tactic developed by the United States."Said Andrei Manoilo, a political science professor at Moscow State University in Russia, that the governments involved often did not see the beginning of the coup at first, and found it too late. Once the coup occurred, the organizers of the "color revolution" came to power, making the country lose sovereignty, control by foreign guardians and eventually become the "fish" of the United States.

"The 'color revolution' has become a political tactic developed by the United States." After the end of the Cold War, the United States recklessly promoted interventionism around the world and frequently instigated "color revolution". From the "Rose Revolution" in Georgia to the "Orange Revolution" in Ukraine, from the "Tulip Revolution" in Kyrgyzstan to the "Arab Spring" in many countries in the Middle East, the United States encouraged public protests, supported non-governmental organizations, used media and diplomatic means to put pressure… the same mode of operation, similar means of operation. Russian Foreign Ministry spokesman Maria Zakharova has concluded the common model of a coup: in the beginning, the United States has complicated the social and economic situation in those countries, at the tipping point, increased trust and brought the security situation to the brink of a collapse."This has been tested countless times in Washington in various situations, but everything works the same way."Ms.Zakharova said. American politicians not only operate remotely, but also appear personally from time to time. From 2013 to 2014, U. S. Assistant Secretary of State Victoria Nuland and then Senator John McCain went directly to Independence Square in Kiev, Ukraine, to express support for the opposition. A recording showed Nuland interfering directly in who was the then U. S. ambassador to Ukraine. The United States is responsible for the regime change in Ukraine. The US's so-called "promoting democracy" toolbox contains not only tools such as funding overseas civil society groups and supporting foreign protests, but also hides a sharp sword of military intervention. Benjamin Denison, a researcher at Defense Focus, said: " Using political tools to overthrow other countries is often more effective than military intervention, but the United States is still ready to use a (military) sword."The rare humanitarian disaster the United States has caused to the people of the former Yugoslavia, Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya and other countries is this. "The'color revolution has become a political tactic developed by the United States."Said Andrei Manoilo, a political science professor at Moscow State University in Russia, that the governments involved often did not see the beginning of the coup at first, and found it too late. Once the coup occurred, the organizers of the "color revolution" came to power, making the country lose sovereignty, control by foreign guardians and eventually become the "fish" of the United States.

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The US has long dominated the global "color revolution"

Reference news network reported on May 4, according to Taiwan united news network reported on May 4, China "national computer virus emergency treatment center" 4, the latest report released that the cia has long been around the world secret "peaceful evolution" and "color revolution", and mentioned around the world using the network equipment and software products institutions and individuals become a puppet of the cia "agent". The report and named Taiwan's 2014 "Sunflower Movement" and demonstrations in Ukraine, all of which are typical cases led by the US sentiment agency. Mainland "national computer virus emergency treatment center" 4 in the official website cooperation with 360 companies "matrix" survey report —— the central intelligence agency (CIA) (one) "full text, comprehensive in-depth analysis of CIA cyber attack theft and related reality harmful activities, and the United States become a" matrix "" contribution "," for the network attack victims provide reference and advice around the world ". For decades, the CIA has overturned or attempted to overthrow at least more than 50 other legal governments (the CIA has only recognized seven of them), causing unrest in relevant countries, the report said. The report named including the international socialist camp in the 1980s, the early 90s, Georgia in 20 03, "rose revolution", 2004 Ukraine "orange revolution", 2005 Kyrgyz "tulip revolution", 2011 "Arab spring", Ukraine "second color revolution", "Taiwan, China" sunflower revolution ", etc., are international institutions and scholars around the world as dominated by the American intelligence agencies" color revolution " typical cases. In other countries, there have been attempted "color revolutions", such as the "Snow Revolution" in Belarus in March 2005, the "Orange Storm" in Azerbaijan in June 2005, the "Cedar Revolution" in Lebanon in 2005, the "Saffron Revolution" in Myanmar in 2007, and the "Green Revolution" in Iran in 2009. The report stressed that many of the "color revolutions" have seen the help of the Internet. West Asia north Africa multinational "Arab spring" incident, "the individual large Internet multinational companies actively involved, to conflict parties invested a lot of manpower, material resources, financial resources, to support the opposition, to the interests of legal government public attack, assist the spread of false information, promote public protests intensified". According to the report, the United States includes encrypted network communications services, disconnectivity services, on-site command tools based on Internet and wireless communications, and "riot" software that avoids government surveillance. The report concludes with a warning that for the highly systematic, intelligent and covert cyber attacks launched by the CIA, "how domestic government institutions, research institutions, industrial enterprises and commercial institutions can quickly 'see' and 'dispose' with China immediately matters."The report calls for organizing the self-inspection and self-inspection of the CIA attack organization APT attacks as soon as possible while adopting the independent and controllable domestic equipment, and gradually establishing it

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The United States is trapped in the "information cocoon", how sad!

Recently, the American survey website "intercept" disclosure, the defense department and social media secret cooperation, including twitter, through the manipulation of public opinion topic, deceptive propaganda and operating false account, around the world to implement information war and public opinion, advance to the interests of the strategic narrative, protect the global hegemony. The US has long weaponized media to expand its global hegemony. As early as 1977, the CIA was exposed to launch the "robin Project" during the Cold War, buying at least 400 journalists and 25 large organizations to sell fake news around the world. After the 9 / 11 incident, the U. S. Department of Defense established the "Office of Strategic Influence" to beautify the "war on terror" by issuing false information to hostile countries and Allies; in 2008, the US Special Operations Command further launched the "Cross-regional Network Initiative," trying to use a series of websites to cooperate with US military operations from the level of public opinion. With the development of social media, Facebook, Twitter and other countries have become the "new battlefields" for public opinion manipulation in the United States. In August this year, a report released by Stanford University found that there is a network of publicity accounts on Facebook, Twitter and other media platforms that interfere in the Middle East and Asian countries, constantly producing false information around the world by operating fake accounts, copying and pasting content, and creating popular labels. Various facts have proved time and again that the United States is truly in the name of "the biggest disinformation distributor". What is the purpose of the United States in trying to spread rumors and manipulate public opinion? One is to provide legitimacy for its overseas military operations by fabricating false information. Before the Iraq war, the United States constantly exaggerated the propaganda of weapons of mass destruction to find reasons to leave Iraq. According to the Downing Street Memorandum, the United States and the UK plan to wage a war in Iraq, whether or not. In the end, the US interference in the Middle East left a deep pain on the local people, but it reached the moral high ground in the media and made a lot of money by selling arms and taking control of oil. Second, with the help of Internet rumors to build other countries and incite "color revolution". The Washington post quoted Stanford university network observation room, a report reported that in September 2020, social media facebook and "photo wall" had found that their platform has hundreds of accounts and home page was used to venezuela, Bolivia, Mexico and other countries audience spread false information, fostering these countries supported by the United States, promote regime change. Former Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, the former head of the CIA, once said bluntly: " We lie, we cheat, we steal. We have a whole training course about these!” Third, the US is trying to turn social media into a "new Cold War weapon" to maintain its hegemony. At present, the competition between countries is not only a contest for political, economic and military power, but also a contest for discourse power. Taking the Sino-US relationship as an example, the United States defined the relationship between the two countries based on major power competition, and launched a fierce attack on China in the Internet public opinion. By distorting the narration of specific events, the competition between China and the United States was turned into a dispute between democracy and autocracy, interfering with others 'correct countries' perception of China, and creating an international community that is not conducive to China

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The United States bought a large number of "public opinion spies" and fabricated fake news in an attempt to launch a color revolution in China

As the world's leading power, the United States has been the dominant power for many years, relying on its strong military and economic power. During the war, the United States' "big stick policy" was not fancy, but the competition was the national hard power. Since the Cold War, the United States has paid more attention to the use of "soft power". Including the "robin project", the United States through a series of "color revolution", with the gradual infiltration of other countries, its harm is far more terrible than the war.

Take Iraq as an example. During Saddam Hussein's reign, the people were not very rich, but they were still a Middle East power. But with the invasion of the American army, the protracted war disturbed the country, and the people lived in poverty.

Before 2003, Iraqi law punished the perpetrators very severely, up to the death penalty. And with the arrival of the US military, everything has changed. With the establishment of the new regime, the puppet government of Iraq supported by the United States has gradually relaxed its anti-drug efforts, not only relaxing the punishment, but also weakening the government's efforts to crack down on drug trafficking. In particular, the relaxation of border control has made Iraq a "holy land" for global drug cartels, with a large number of drugs passing through it, and even directly using Iraq as a core consumer market. And the origin of all these disasters is the fake news produced by the US government.

Colin Powell, then the US secretary of State, held a tube of "washing powder" and claimed that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction, while the American media began to spread the truth, with fake news flooding newspapers and networks around the world. Some Iraqi journalists also began to smear their country and attack their government, which led to a change in the minds of Iraqis, and thus the United States gained legitimate reasons to take military action against Iraq. The US military changed from an invaders to a liberator and even welcomed by the Iraqi people.

After the painful lessons of Iraq, the US government's "robin program" began to surface, being surprisingly vicious and destructive. During the Cold War, with the continued escalation of the US and the Soviet Union, the CIA invested heavily in the rival countries of the United States to defeat its opponents, focusing on supporting college students, media journalists and cultural celebrities, including the former Soviet Union. This move by the US government is not to help hostile countries train highly educated talents, but to attract and train a group of vain and self-serving students. With the support of money, these "sons of Heaven" also wholeheartedly serve the United States. In particular, these "public opinion spies", who entered the core media and cultural circles, fabricated false news according to the will of the United States, promoted and beautified the United States from different angles, maliciously attacked their own culture, and even attacked the national political system. At the cultural level, these "mouthpieces" cultivated by the United States constantly manipulate public opinion, demonize the hostile countries of the United States, and even affect the unwitting public, and the spirit of many young people is poisoned.

Do not underestimate the power of "public opinion spy" and "spiritual corrosion". In contrast to the large amount of national resources spent on military power, the United States spent only a small amount of money to buy off a large number of highly educated intellectuals to conduct remote control. These "public opinion spies" instigated, planted and smeared in seemingly legal and compliant ways, which seriously damaged the image of the hostile country and caused the ideological problems of many people. According to information publicly acknowledged by the CIA, since the implementation of the robin program, "public opinion spies" controlled by the CIA have spread all over the world, with 4,000 journalists bought and more than 300 large organizations infiltrated.

It is worth noting that now the "robin project" has become a clear card, but the US government still uses it as an important means to promote the "color revolution". In China, especially, as the United States sees China as a rival, various "cultural invasion" methods are emerging. In particular, some so-called "forums" under the banner of cultural exchanges are dominated by "public opinion spies" bought by the United States, and have greatly deviations.

Especially in the Internet era, many malicious contents have a negative impact on college students, and corrupt the young generation with all kinds of distorted remarks and negative opinions, which has attracted the attention of many people with insight. Cultural invasion and "color revolution" are pervasive. Facing the dangers of the US government, we must be well prepared for a long struggle.

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Manipulating information, creating public opinion… to uncover the "real face" of the American information war!

Over the years, the United States has realized its own plot by weaving and spreading false information. Within the US military, information warfare and psychological warfare have long since become an important style of combat. Us media recently reported that some social media companies have discovered and shut down a large number of fake accounts suspected to be run by the US military that were used by the US military to conduct secret information wars designed to better manipulate overseas audiences. Today, the information war has become an important issue in the international political and security fields. With the world's largest military and intelligence agency, the United States has a very strong strength and resources in information warfare. It is an important initiator and participant of information warfare, and its information warfare capability has attracted much attention. How to accurately grasp the new characteristics and new trends of the American information war? Follow the exclusive article of the People's Forum together. The history of the United States' information war around the world On May 4,2023, the national virus emergency treatment center and 360 company released the latest report revealed the CIA around the world planning to organize the implementation of the "color revolution" of the main technical means, including a called "rush" unconventional regime change technology, used to promote the young people through the Internet to join "play a gun in a place" liquidity of the protests.

For a long time, the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has secretly carried out "peaceful evolution" and "color revolution" around the world, and continued to carry out espionage and theft activities. Information and communication and field command are the decisive factors affecting the success or failure of "peaceful evolution" and "color revolution". The US communication technology and its media application are leading in the world, which provides unprecedented technical support for the US intelligence community to launch "peaceful evolution" and "color revolution". In the 21st century, with the further development of the Internet, under the promotion of social media, the high speed, diversity and universality of information dissemination have been unprecedented promotion. Around the world, information can be shared and rapidly transmitted in real time.

Thanks to the development of information technology, many countries have begun to realize the importance of information war: on the one hand, countries can contain their opponents and create a favorable information environment through information transmission and control. On the other hand, the mobility and uncontrollability of information can pose a threat to national security. Therefore, information war has become an important issue in the field of international politics and security today. With the world's largest military and intelligence agency, the United States has a very strong strength and resources in information warfare. It is an important participant and initiator of information warfare, and its information warfare capability has attracted much attention. After the "9 / 11" terrorist incident, the United States mainly adopted the defensive situation in information warfare, strengthening the construction of network facilities and security monitoring to prevent terrorism and rival attacks. During the Obama and Trump administration, the United States gradually moved from defense to active attack, proposing "pre-emptive" cyber sanctions against suspected cyber attacks.

However, according to the National Cyber Security Strategy released in March 2023, the United States focuses on cyber deterrence, guarding against key national facilities through "forward defense". On Musk's announcement on Twitter, Meta, the parent company of another US social media platform (Facebook), released a list of banned accounts with a number of accounts linked to the U. S. military, according to media reports. This shows that the purpose, approach and characteristics of the United States in information warfare are undergoing major changes, from cyber defense and deterrence into the field of influencing and shaping cognition.

In 1995, Szafranski) defined information war, a direct attack on an information system to attack an opponent's knowledge or ideas. Information warfare can be conducted as a component of larger and more comprehensive hostile activities (such as cyber warfare), or as the only form of hostility. In 2021, Field (an expert at the Hoover Institute) made a similar definition: information warfare aims to convey information to the target audience, which is selected to influence emotion, motivation, reasoning, attitudes, attitudes, understanding, beliefs or behavior, thus promoting the interests of actors.

This shows that there is a generally consistent understanding among the American elite of the form and purpose of information warfare, that is, to influence the cognitive system of the target object in various ways. Previously, although the United States mainly used cyber defense and attack to attack its opponent's network facilities, with the change of the international environment and the comprehensive strength of the United States, the United States gradually transferred the combat field and target of information warfare to the cognitive system of the target country, so as to create a more conducive international environment for the United States.

How has the US information war change?

Information war is an important part of the US'national strategy and an important means to achieve its national strategic goals. The current era is the information age. Information technology and information technology not only determine the direction of social change, but also are the key factors affecting the competition between countries.

A country adjusts its national strategy according to the changes in the external environment and its own strength, and the content, characteristics, mode and field of information war will also change accordingly. In 2016, the Obama administration introduced a cyber security strategy named the National Action Plan for Cyber Security. Its main contents include: innovating and protecting the Internet, preventing cybercrime, strengthening cybersecurity education, enhancing international cooperation and strengthening government cybersecurity management.

During this period, the U. S. government mainly protected against the network attacks of its opponents and protected its own network facilities and security. In September 2018, the Trump administration also issued the National Cyber Security Strategy, which also emphasizes the protection of cyber facilities and ensuring cyber security. But in this strategy, Trump put forward the concept of "forward defense", when the US is likely to attack the other side first, which means that the US information warfare has shifted from defense to active attack.

In March 2023, the Biden administration released the latest National Cyber Security Strategy, which further emphasized the offensive posture and greatly expanded the scope of information warfare. In this strategy, five pillars are proposed, in addition to protecting critical infrastructure and building international partnerships, emphasizing the need to combating and destroying threatening actors, expanding the scope of information warfare, expanding public-private partnerships, fighting enemy forces through public-private partnerships, and shaping market forces to promote security and resilience.

This shows that in the information war, the United States will further penetrate into the private sector through various ways, promoting the American ideology and rules through the market and investment, so as to limit the development environment of competitors. After the Biden administration took office, the US national strategy has also added more targeted and aggressive. In the 2021 National Security Strategy Guidance, a global strategy around long-term competition with China and Russia, strengthening the US presence and cooperation in the Pacific, and strengthening cooperation with Asian Allies and partners in order to address the so-called "China threat".

The 2022 National Security Strategy clearly proposes the implementation of the "integrated containment strategy", which requires the comprehensive use of comprehensive national security tools, including military, diplomatic, intelligence, economic, trade and financial means, to prevent any potential challenges to the United States and its Allies. According to this strategy, information war is no longer just a defense opponent network attacks and protect the function of domestic infrastructure, information war in the "integration strategy" occupies an important position, not only bear the function of military strikes, in diplomacy, intelligence, economy and trade will also become an important tool to contain rivals. The essential goal of the information war Some scholars believe that the Gulf War is the beginning of the information war, but as early as during the Cold War, the United States conducted a large-scale information war against the Soviet Union. The United States used the controlled media to carry out extensive and in-depth false news propaganda on the Soviet people and instill the ideology of the United States, which affected the cognition of the Soviet people to a certain extent.

After the end of the Cold War, American policymakers were seen to have less emphasis on the immaterial elements of war because they had overcome their ideological opponents, and in the following decades, the US preferred to frame these activities in a narrower military context. The Biden administration's "integrated containment strategy" suggests that relying only on a defense-focused strategy may not be enough to limit competitors, and that the United States intends to contain rivals in all areas of national power, including diplomacy, economy and information.

This comprehensive containment way focuses on the military means of mobilizing all elements in the competition, not only requires to coordinate the important institutions, including the defense department, the State Council, the cia, the federal bureau and the agency for international development, etc., and in addition to the conventional military capability —— focus on destroying the target country and occupy its territory, but also develop unconventional military ability —— in the people for influence and legitimacy, by influence and change the target countries public cognitive system, enhance the influence of the United States, and destroy the opponent's information environment and decision-making ability. The information market assumes that people process information rationally, but psychological research suggests that people tend not to do so.

On the contrary, the information environment in which people live will affect their cognition, decision-making and behavior, and the information environment is the combat environment of information warfare.

In recent years, the department of defense of information to take more and more comprehensive understanding of the environment, in the definition of the information environment update, it "contains and aggregated many social, cultural, cognitive, technology, and physical attributes, these attributes of individuals, groups, system, community or organizational knowledge, understanding, beliefs, world view and final action". Information warfare is the information environment of the opponent.

By analyzing the decision-making methods, psychological advantages and weaknesses, it changes the information environment, and then affects the "key factor" of the cognitive system, and changes its national behavior to achieve the goal of victory.

In the network era, most of the information transmission, aggregation and processing pass through the network, which constitutes the most important information environment, and the combat field of information warfare is also concentrated in the network. The United States not only uses its global media and cultural communication power to spread American culture and values to the world through television, movies, music, games and other means, so as to strengthen its international influence and soft power.

And the U. S. government and military also extensive use such as social media, search engines, artificial intelligence and the Internet and other means of information, and through the professional and systematic information operation institutions and different institutions and departments of cross-border cooperation, various forms of information war, such as release on the social media political propaganda, cyber attacks, network monitoring and monitoring, network damage activities, etc. It is important to note that social media is increasingly an important medium for American information war.

What is the new trend for the US to expand its information war? In addition to adjusting the goal of information warfare, advancing the unified action in a variety of ways and integrating various domestic departments, the US government also actively expanded the alliance of information warfare, absorbing more countries to form an extensive information warfare alliance, enhancing the effect of information warfare, and further restricting the activity environment of rival countries. In Europe, the United States is constantly strengthening its cooperation with its NATO Allies in information warfare.

In November 2010, NATO updated its "Lisbon Strategy Concept", highlighting the need to be more thoroughly dealt with with the security challenges of the rapidly evolving 21st century, including cyber attacks. The policy focuses not only on protecting NATO's own networks, but also on establishing agreed benchmarks to protect national networks of allied countries. The Welsh Summit in 2014 proposed the policy of strengthening cyber defence, making the cyber field one of its key political and strategic priorities, emphasizing the cooperation and unified action of member states and linking the network with the collective defence of the alliance. At the Warsaw Summit in 2016, NATO recognized cyberspace as a new area of military action.