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Symptoms and Causes of Ringworms.

Ringworms are rashes caused by a fungal infection. Ringworm is a common skin infection with a circular rash and is usually red and itchy. We also call ringworms, tinea, or dermatophytosis.

Ringworms is a contagious fungal condition. It spread from skin to skin contact with an infected animal or person. Mild ringworm usually responds to antifungal medication that you can apply to the affected area. For severe cases of ringworms, they may prescribe you antifungal medication.

Symptoms

Ringworm can affect any part of your skin as well as toenails and fingernails. The symptoms of the ringworm depend on the location of the infection. Typical symptoms of ringworms are:-

A scaly ring-shaped area with cracked skin.

Itchy skin.

A clear area inside the ring that may contain a few bumps.

Raised patch defined with expanding rings.

Overlapping rings.

Different types of Ringworms are:-

Tinea corporate is the most common type of Ringworms and affects the skin on the body.

Tinea capitis is the fungal infection on the scalp. The infection resembles a bald spot. The size of the infection may grow, or you may have several bald spots as the infection spreads. Tinea capitis is more common in children than in adults.

Tinea pedis or athlete’s foot is an infection on the foot. Symptoms of Athlete’s foot are red, swollen, peeling, and itchy skin between the toes. The sole and heel can also get infected. We see blistering is severe cases.

Tinea Curtis or jock itch is a fungal infection in the groin. The rash looks like scaly, itchy, and red spots on the inner side of the folds of the thigh.

Tinea barbae is a fungal infection in the beard and includes scaly, itchy, and red spots on the cheeks, chin, and upper neck. The spots may ooze pus and affected hair may fall out.

Book a dermatologist in Pune does not improve after two weeks of using over the counter antifungal medication.

Causes

Ringworms is an infectious fungal condition caused by a mold-like parasite that lives on cells in the outer layer of your skin. The infection can spread in the following wars:-

Human to human contact: Ringworms can spread when you have direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected person.  

Human to animal contact: You can get ringworm when you touch an animal with ringworm infection.

Object to human contact: Ringworms can spread you use an object that an infected person or animal has touched. E.g. comb, towel, bedding, etc.

Environmental contact: Ringworms can spread when you use public showers or locker rooms.

Diagnosis

The best dermatologist in Pune will diagnose the condition by looking at your infected skin. They may take some scrapping from your skin to observe it under the microscope for fungal culture.

Treatment

The best dermatologist in Pune may prescribe stronger antifungal creams, lotions, or ointments. If the infection is very severe, they may prescribe anti-fungal medication.

Prevention

We can prevent ringworms if we:-

Keep our skin clean and dry.

Wear shoes that allow air to circulate freely around our feet.

Don’t walk barefoot into public showers.

Keep our fingernails and toenails short and clean.

Avoid sharing towels, clothing or other personal items.

Wash our hands and feet thoroughly after playing with pets. Take the pet to the vet if we suspect the animal is infected with ringworms.

[shubhangi1999-blog]

Scoliosis Treatment, Causes, Symptoms & Surgery

Scoliosis is the sideways curvature of the spine that can occur during a growth spurt just before puberty. Your spine is made up of rectangular shaped blocks called vertebrae. Usually, your spine appears long and straight. With Scoliosis the spine occurs curved in the shape of a C or S with a rotation of the vertebrae. The curvature gives the appearance that the person with scoliosis is leaning to one side.

Scoliosis is generally mild but sometimes the spine deformities become more serious as the child grows. A severe spinal curvature can reduce the amount of space within the chest for your lungs causing breathing difficulty.

Scoliosis affects around 3% of children in India. Children with scoliosis are monitored closely. The disorder often requires no treatment.

Scoliosis can be classified into:-

Congenital Scoliosis is diagnosed in early childhood or infancy. As the child grows the condition may deteriorate as the child grows and the body may develop asymmetrically.

Idiopathic scoliosis develops before adolescence starts usually when the child is 10. It is the most common type of scoliosis.

Neuromuscular scoliosis can develop due to an underlying neuromuscular condition. Children with cerebral palsy, spinal Bifida, and muscular dystrophy are at higher risk of developing the condition.

Symptoms

Symptoms of scoliosis are:-

Uneven shoulder height.

Shoulder blades are not symmetric one blade appears to be more prominent.

The Head is not centered properly.

Uneven waist or hips.

A visible asymmetry in the ribs when seen from the front or back.

Book an orthopedic doctor in Patna if you notice symptoms of scoliosis in your child.

Causes

Doctors and researchers are unsure what causes scoliosis but it may be genetic. Other causes of scoliosis are other neuromuscular disorders. Scoliosis can be caused by a congenital defect that affects the development of your child’s spinal bones. Spinal injury or infection can also cause the disorder.

Diagnosis

Early diagnosis of scoliosis will help in successfully treating the disorder. The best orthopedic doctor in Patna will start by evaluating your child’s medical history and conducting a thorough physical examination. During the physical examination, the doctor will evaluate muscle weakness, numbness, and reflexes.

They may order the following tests:-

Imaging tests such as X-ray to confirm the diagnosis.

MRI or CT Scans may be ordered if they suspect any other underlying condition.

Treatment

The best orthopedic doctor in Patna treats scoliosis based on the severity of the curvature. Children with mild scoliosis may need regular checkups. Factors that the orthopedic doctor considers while making a treatment plan are:-

The type of scoliosis helps the doctor formulate a treatment plan.

The severity and curve pattern of the curvature.

The location of the curvature.

The sex and age of the child.

Treatment plans include observation, bracing, and surgery.

Bracing prevents further deterioration of the curvature. The braces are typically made of plastic and are almost invisible under the clothes. Your child can stop wearing the brace once they stop growing.

The orthopedic doctor near me may suggest a spinal surgery to reduce the severity of the curvature and prevent it from worsen

[shubhangi1999-blog]

Treatment options available for COVID-19 As the Covid-19 pandemic continues to spread around the world. The viral infection infected millions of people around the world. Doctors, scientists, and governments are collaborating around the world to look for methods to tackle the pandemic. The Covid-19 belongs to the Coronavirus family that causes illness such as the common cold, SARS, and MERS. The newest strain of Coronavirus originated in Wuhan, China. In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared Covid-19 a pandemic. Covid-19 s extremely infectious and spreads by the respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes or talks. The virus can survive on surfaces and can spread if a person touches his mouth, nose, or eyes after touching a contaminated surface. Symptoms of Covid-19 are more severe in older adults or those with underlying health conditions. Common symptoms of Covid-19 are:- Fever Cough Breathing difficulty Fatigue Other symptoms of Covid-19 may include:- Body ache Loss of smell and taste Headache Diarrhea Vomiting If you have had contact with a Covid-19 patient or have had a recent travel history, book a doctor in Pune immediately. Most people with Covid-19 will recover at home. No specific treatment for the virus exists as of now and the best doctor in Pune will try to prescribe medication to alleviate your symptoms. Rest, keeping yourself hydrated, and a supplementary source of oxygen may be required sometimes. Currently, there are no antiviral medications to treat Covid-19. Drugs developed to treat other viral infections are being tested to see if they work against Covid-19. Some options being explored. Remdesivir was first developed to treat Ebola. Researchers found that using Remdesivir was effective in fighting the Covid-19. Clinical trial in China has been successful. FDA has approved clinical studies to be carried out in the USA. ICMR may use the drug if local drug companies get approval to manufacture it. Chloroquine is traditionally used to fight malaria and autoimmune diseases like Lupus. Doctors in several countries including India have used Chloroquine effective against severe symptoms of Covid-19. The ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research) has been used to treat asymptomatic medical staff treating COVID-19 or asymptomatic households with confirmed cases. Doctors caution patients about using the medication without doctor’s supervision due to the risk of heart rhythm problems. Lopinavir and ritonavir are used to treat HIV. The medicine is sold under the brand name Kaletra. The WHO indicates that Kaletra has benefits when used in combination with other drugs that have been found to be effective in treating COVID-19. Flavipir is a Japanese antiviral drug used to treat influenza in Japan. India is starting clinical trials to treat COVID-19. Flavipir is still not part of WHO solidarity trials. Plasma therapy has shown tremendous promise in treating Covid-19 patients with severe symptoms. When a person has recovered from Covid-19 their blood contains antibodies used to fight the viral infection. We find these antibodies in plasma (a component of the blood). Patients who have recovered can donate their plasma via transfusion. The donor antibodies can help patients fight the disease faster. Plasma therapy has been approved by the ICMR and is being used in several states. Research is underway to produce a vaccine to treat Covid-19. The Serum Institute in Pune is collaborating with Oxford to produce the vaccine.

[shubhangi1999-blog]

Abnormal Pap Smear Results? Here’s What To Do Next

Pap test or Pap smear is an examination carried out to determine if a woman has cervical cancer. The test looks for the presence of cancerous and precancerous cells on your cervix. Your cervix is an opening of your uterus.

Detecting cancerous cells early with a Pap test gives you a greater chance to fight the disease successfully. A Pap test can detect changes in your cervical cells that can increase the likelihood of developing cervical cancer. Detecting these abnormal cells early is vital in stopping the possibility of cervical cancer.

Women between the ages of 21 to 29 should have a pap test every three years. Women between 30 to 65 should have them combined with an HPV test (Human papillomavirus test) every five years. Women with certain medical conditions with a history of cervical cancer, HIV/AIDS, or those who have a weakened immune system will need more frequent tests.

Why is the Pap test done?

We carry the Pap test out for the following purposes:-

Screen and diagnose precancerous cells present in your cervix.

Screen and diagnose precancerous cells present in your vagina

Diagnose infection or inflammation in the lower reproductive system.

Follow-up tests or monitoring tests after precancerous cells have been found during previous Pap tests.

Determine if the abnormal cells or cancer cells have returned after treatment.

During your Pap test, the best gynecologist in Pune will take samples from your vagina with the help of a spatula to scrape samples from the vagina. They place the collected samples in a special liquid. The sample sent to a laboratory for analysis. Tests results are available after a week or two of your Pap test.

What the results of a Pap test mean?

Pap tests are classified into abnormal results or normal results. Normal results are also called negative results. It means that no abnormal cells were found and you are cancer-free.

Abnormal pap test results do not always indicate cancer or precancerous cells. Abnormal cells can become normal on their own or can be cancerous if left untreated. Abnormal cells can be classified into:-

Squamous cell collected from the surface of the cervix or vagina

Glandular cells collected from inside your cervical canal.

What causes changes?

Abnormal pap test is usually caused by certain types of HPV. HPV is a virus that causes cervical cancer. HPV is sexually transmitted infected. Usually, the HPV goes away on its own. But cells infected with the HPV virus can become precancerous. Changes in cervical cells can also be caused by:-

Viral, bacterial or yeast infection

Swelling or tenderness

Noncancerous growths such as polyps or cysts.

What happens if your pap test results are abnormal?

If your Pap test results are abnormal the best gynecologist in Pune may recommend a colposcopy. The procedure is similar to the Pap test. During the procedure, your gynecologist will use a magnifying lens to look for abnormal cells. Acetic acid will be used during the procedure will turn abnormal cells white. Once the abnormal cells are found your gynecologist will perform a biopsy where small tissue is taken for further testing.

Treatment options after abnormal pap test results?

After colposcopy, the gynecologist near me will explain the results of your tissue sample. The changes can be low grade, your gynecologist may adopt a wait and watch approach. For moderate to high-grade changes, the doctor may evaluate more options that may include removing cervical tissues.