speakingalego-blog

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PRONUNCIATION

INGRÁVIDA

Mercedes Peón

Penso cando nacín, Penso cando sentín, Pensei que estabas alí E non eras ti. E non me podía mover E non podía respirar,

Pouco a pouco Botei os meus pés andar, Erguinme amodo, Mirei no ceo, non o podía crer, Aquelo non o podo vencer, Quedei sen respirar E sen me poder mover.

Como o que vive En augas sen gravedá. Saes pra terra E parece que Non te podes mover E non podes respirar, E non te podes mover E non podes respirar, E non te podes mover E non podes respirar.

I think when I was born,

I think when I felt,

I thought that you were there

And it wasn't you.

And I could not move

And I could not breathe,

Little by little

I started to walk,

I got up slowly,

I looked in the sky, I could not believe it,

I can't beat that,

I stood without breath

And unable to move.

As the one who lives

In waters without gravity.

You exit to the ground

And it seems that

You can not move

And you can not breathe,

And you can not move

And you can not breathe.

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Personal pronouns

The personal pronouns Eu » I Ti » You El/Ela » He/She Nós » We Vós » You Eles/Elas » They

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The plurals are one of very problems when you learn an language. In the galician,the plural formation has got a lot of difficults, for example the termination -ns or -s. But this time we learn the basic. In this exercise, we will practice the plurals in galician. Example: Home»homes Muller»mulleres Vaca»... Culler»... Garfo»... Barco»... Mesa»... Pobo»... Cidade»... Animadevos a face-lo e mandade as vosas respostas ao correo speakingalego@gmail.com Good luck :)

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Teísmo and cheísmo

En case toda Galicia encontramos o pronome "che" empregado no caso dativo e o pronome "te" empregado no caso acusativo ou como reflexivo, sistema este coincidente co presente na normativa da lingua galega. Agora ben, na área lingüística fisterrá (Santiago, Bembibre, Fisterra, Tambre, Barbanza) emprégase "che" tanto como dativo como acusativo, hai logo cheísmo. Mentres que na zona do Baixo Miño e en falas zamoranas empregan "te" tanto para acusativo como para dativo, producíndose teísmo. In almost all of Galicia are the pronoun "che" used in the case and the dative pronoun "te" used in the accusative , this system coincides with the present rules of the galician's language. In the Fisterra's area using "che" in dativ and accusativ, there are "cheísmo". But in the Baixo Miño using "te" in dativ and accusativ, there are "teísmo" here.

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The numerals are the determinants that accompany a noun and indicate the exact amount (cardinal), order (ordinals) fractions (partitives) or multiple (multiple). One,two,three,four... are cardinals. First,second,third... are ordinals. One half... are partitives. Double,triple... are multiples.

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What functions have possessive? Possessive does of determining when to accompany a noun: - My car -Your bike When you replace the name of pronouns do (have nuclear function): That's mine

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Os determinantes posesivos acompañan un nome e indican posesión, propiedade, pertenza ou simple relación de correspondencia. Veremos as formas que poden adoitar os determinantes posesivos no seguinte cadro: The possessive accompany a name and indicate possession, property, ownership or simple trade-off. We will look at ways they can accustomed possessive's determinants:

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Definición de artigo / article's definition

Un artigo é unha palabra que determina a un substantivo e nos indica o seu xénero (masculino ou feminino) e o seu número (singular ou plural). The article is one word who determines a noun and indicates the gender (male or female) and the number (singular or plural). Amosamos os artigos que poden ser definidos ou indefinidos no seguinte cadro: Os artigos definidos singular plural masculino o os feminino a as Os artigos indefinidos singular plural masculino un uns feminino unha unhas A continuación propoño un exercicio de encher ocos cos determinantes anteriores. 1)Complete this orations with the articles. o/as/un/os/unha a) Maria colleu ... xoguete na tenda. b) Pedro ten ... pelo longo. c) Xoán mercou ... barra de pan. d) ... nenas foron á escola. e) Pepe colleu ... vasos que necesitaba. Animadevos e enviade ao correo speakingalego@gmail.com as vosas respostas

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O seseo e a gheada

Tanto a gheada como o seseo son alteracións fonéticas dos fonemas /g/ e /z /. A gheada consiste en pronunciar o fonema / g / coma un j castelán ou de xeito aspirado gh, segundo as zonas (bloques lingüísticos): amijo ou amigho, ghato ou jato, peja ou pegha. O seseo consiste en pronuncia-lo fonema /z / como / s /: peza por pesa, cazo por caso. Sobre estas dúas alteracións fonéticas hai que dicir que son correctas na fala coloquial, mais na fala culta e na escrita non se deben empregar. Both gheada hissing sound as the phonetic alteration of / g / and / z /. The gheada is pronounce the phoneme / g / j as a Spanish or so aspirated gh, according to the zones (blocks languages): amijo or amigho, ghato or jato, peja or pegha. The seseo is pronounced as phoneme / z / as / s /: peza-pesa, cazo-caso. On these two phonetic changes must be said that they are correct in colloquial speech, but in speaking and educated don't be used.

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Knowing the galician's alphabet

O alfabeto galego consta de 23 letras das que 18 son consoantes e as 5 restantes son vogais, a continuación expoño de forma esquemática a grafia e o nome do abecedario galego. The galician's alphabet consists of 23 letters which 18 are consonants and vowels are 5. Then I expose in an outline the spelling and the name of the galician's alphabet. Grafía Nome a a b be c ce d de e e f efe g gue h hache i i l ele m eme n ene ñ eñe o o p pe q que r erre s ese t te u u v uve x xe z zeta Ademais, na ortografía galega aparecen tamén os chamados dígrafos, os cales son grupos de dúas letras consoantes que representan un son. Estes dígrafos son: In addition, the Galician's orthography also appear called digraphs, which are groups of two letters representing consonants. These digraphs are: Grafía Nome ch ce hache nh ene hache gh gue hache gu gue u qu que u ll ele dobre rr erre dobre

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PRONUNCIATION:  Rosalía de Castro “Adiós ríos”

Goodbye, rivers, goodbye, springs, Goodbye, trickling streams; Goodbye, all I see before me: Who knows when we’ll meet again?

Oh my home, my homeland, Soil where I was raised, Little garden that I cherish, Fig trees I grew from seed.

Meadows, rivers, woodlands, Pine groves bent by wind, All the chirping little songbirds, Home I cherish without end.

Mill nestled between the chestnuts, Nights lit brightly by the moon, Tremor of the little bells, My parish chapel’s tune.

De Castro, Rosalía (2013): Galician Songs, traducido por Erín, M.,  Small Station Press.

Adiós ríos, adiós fontes [ a'ðjos ˈrio̝s | a'ðios ˈfonte̝s] adiós, regatos pequenos; [ a'ðjos |  reˈɣato̝s peˈkeno̝s] adiós, vista dos meus ollos, [ a'ðjos | ˈbista̝ do̝s ˈm��ws ˈɔʎo̝s |] non sei cándo nos veremos. [ˈnoŋ ‘sei ˈkando̝ no̝s beɾemos ||]

Miña terra, miña terra, [ˈmiɲa̝ ˈtɛra̝ | ˈmiɲa̝ ˈtɛra̝ |] terra donde m’eu criei, [ˈtɛra̝ ˈonde̝ ‘me̝w kɾi’ei |] hortiña que quero tanto, [ɔɾt’ iɲa̝ ke̝ ‘keɾo ˈtanto̝ |] figueiriñas que prantei. [ fiˈɣejɾiɲa̝s ke̝ pɾanˈtei ||]

Prados, ríos, arboredas, [ˈpɾaðo̝s |ˈrio̝s | aɾβo̝’ɾe̝ðas |] pinares que move o vento, [pi’na̝ɾes ke̝ ‘moβe o̝ ˈbɛnto̝ |] paxariños piadores, [paʃa’ɾiɲo̝s piaˈðoɾes |] casiña d’o meu contento. [ka’siɲa̝ do̝ ˈmɛw konˈtɛnto̝ ||]

Muíño dos castañares, [ muˈiɲo̝ do̝s kasta’ɲa̝ɾe̝s |] noites craras do luar, [ˈnojte̝s ‘klaɾas do̝ luˈaɾ |] campaniñas timbradoiras [ kampa’iɲas timbɾa’ðo̝ɾas] da igrexiña do lugar. [ða iɣɾe’ʃiɲa̝ do̝ luˈɣaɾ ||]

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AS CONSOANTES DO GALEGO

Bilabiais: [p] as in cápsula, captar; [b] as in voda, bombeiro;  [β] as in aba, árbore, alba, esvarar; [m] as in man, alma, campo, ambos.

Labiodentais: [f] as in fígado, afumar, froita;  [ɱ] in enferruxado, enfermidade.

Dentais: [t] as in tenda, pata, antonte; [d] in caldo, cando, adscribir;  [ð̞] as in fada, cadro, orde;  [θ] in cereixa, cinco.

Alveolares: [s]; [z]; [n] as in ensino, novo; [l] in leite, calado, [ɾ] as in faro and mar; [r] in rocha, arredor.

Palatais: [ʃ] in xeito, máxico;  [tʃ] in cacho, colcha; [ɲ] as in niño and año; and  [ʎ] in mollado.

Velares: [k] in queixo, cunca; [g] in gume, congosta; [ŋ] as in unha and can.

Martínez Celdrán, E. (2002): “Introducción á fonética” e “A clasificación articulatoria dos sons” en Introducción á fonética: o son na comunicación humana. Vigo: Galaxia, pp. 11-51.

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GALICIAN DIGRAPHS

ch

like 'tch' in "match": chave ('key')

ll

like 'lli' in "million": ollo ('eye')

nh

like 'ng' in "song" or "singing": unha ('one' fem.)

101languages.net (http://www.101languages.net/galician/digraphs.html)

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DIPHTHONGS

English (British)

[aɪ̯] pie

[eɪ̯] say

[ɔɪ̯] toy

[aʊ̯] cow

[əʊ̯] low

[ɪə̯] near

[ɛə̯] care

[ʊə̯] poor

Galician

[aj] like bike

[aw] like pout

[ɛj] as in papeis ‘papers’

[ɛw] as in deu ‘he/she gave’

[ej] as in queixo ‘cheese’

[ew] as in bateu ‘he/she hit’

[ɔj] as in bocoi ‘barrel’

[oj] as in loita ‘fight’

[ow] like own

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TYPES OF CONSONANTS

All English consonants are made with an air-stream from the lungs moving outwards. To differentiate the 24 consonants from each other, phoneticians use a classification based on the place and manner of articulation, in addition to the criteria of whether they are voiced or voiceless and oral or nasal.

Place of articulation

We need to know where in the vocal tract the sound is made, and which vocal organs are involved. The important positions for English are the following.

Bilabial: using both lips, as in /p/, /b/, /m/, /w/.

Labio-dental: using the lower lip and the upper teeth, as in /f/, /v/.

Dental: using the tongue tip between the teeth or close to the upper teeth or close to the upper teeth, as in /θ/ and /ð/.

Alveolar: using the blade of the tongue close to the alveolar ridge, as in /t/, /d/, /s/, /z/, /n/, /l/, and the first elements of /tʃ/ and /dʒ/.

Post-alveolar: using the tongue tip close to just behind the alveolar ridge, as in /r/ (for some accents).

Retroflex: using the tongue tip curled back to well behind the alveolar ridge, as in /r/ /for some accents).

Palato-alveolar: using the blade (and sometimes the tip) of the tongue close to the alveolar ridge, with a simultaneous raising of the front of the tongue towards the roof of the mouth, as in /ʃ/ and /ʒ/, and the second elements in /tʃ/ and /dʒ/.

Palatal: raising the front of the tongue close to the hard palate, as in /j/.

Velar: raising the back of the tongue against the soft palate, as in /k/, /g/, and /ŋ/.

Glottal: using the space between the vocal cords to make audible friction, as in /h/, or a closure, as in the glottal stop (in some accents).

Manner of articulation

We need to know how the sound is made, at the various locations in the vocal tract. Four phonetic possibilities are recognized.

Total closure

Plosive: a complete closure is made at some point in the vocal tract, with the soft palate raised; air pressure builds up behind the closure, which is then released explosively, as in /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/, the first elements of / tʃ/ and /dʒ/, and the glottal stop.

Nasal: a complete closure is made at some point in the mouth, with the soft palate lowered, so that the air escapes through the nose, as in /m/, /n/, /ŋ/.

Affricate: a complete closure is made at some point in the mouth, with the soft palate raised, air pressure builds up behind the closure, which is then released relatively slowly (compared with the suddenness of a plosive release), as in /tʃ/ and /dʒ/.

Intermittent closure

Roll or Trill: the tongue tip taps rapidly against the teeth ridge, as in the 'trilled /r/' heard in some regional accents; a trill in which the back of the tongue taps against the uvula is also sometimes herad regionally and some idiosyncratic 'weak r' pronunciations.

Flap: a single tap is made by the tongue tip against the alveolar ridge, as in some pronunciations of /r/ and /d/.

Partial closure

Lateral: a partial closure is made by the blade of the tongue against the alveolar ridge, in such a way that the air stream is able to flow around the sides of the tongue, as in /l/.

Narrowing

Fricative: two vocal organs come so close together that the movement of air between them can be heard, as in /f/, /v/, /θ/, /ð/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /h/, and the second element in /tʃ/ and /dʒ/. The consonants /s/, /z/, /ʃ/ and /ʒ/ have a sharper sound than in others because they are made with a narrower groove in the tongue, and are often grouped togerther as sibilants. (Crystal, 2013, p.250)

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I am going to show you here an exercise of syntactic analysis.Now, let’s do it in Galician and send me your answer to my email  speakingalegousc@gmail.com

Preséntovos aquí un exercicio de análise sintáctica. Animádevos a facelo en galego e non olvidedes enviarme a resposta ao correo speakingalegousc@gmail.com. SORTE! :)