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Celtic articles: 'Keltoi' Etymology
Nowadays the term ‘Celt’ is so common and widespread in its use of referring to Scots, Irish, Welsh etc., but where does this term originate from? The group of peoples we refer to as the ancient Celts were popularly known during their time as Gauls by the Romans. Caesar remarks in his De Bello Gallico (Gallic War) that he refers to Gauls as the people that call themselves Celts in their own language. It was the Greeks who granted the title of ‘Keltoi’ to these people, the meaning and origin of which is theorized as being one of the below:
Indo-European root quel = raised, elevated, noble
Indo-European root kel- = to strike
Indo-European root kel- = hidden
The most agreed upon theory by scholars is that of 'hidden’, as it ties in with many associations, aspects of perception, details and references throughout Celtic history and mythology.
First of all, the ancient Celts were seen through a subjective - and likely biased - filter of mysticism by their neighboring cultures, as having strange and unusual customs, especially the act of keeping their knowledge and mysteries hidden in terms of Druidic teachings, as they chose not to record their teachings. It is also important to remark that in both old and modern Irish, the word celt still denotes ‘secrecy’, ‘concealment’, etc. Additionally, it is used for an article of clothing designed to cover or conceal, ie. the origin for kilt. And in Irish mythology, we have the Ulster hero Celtchair, whose name is explained as signifying ‘concealment’.
Even if the true source of the term Keltoi derives from a misunderstood communication between initial greetings of Celts and Greeks, it is generally agreed that the term bears the closest relevance to how the Celts viewed, described or associated themselves with.
It is safe to assume the Celts were aware to some degree of this Greek perception, this inherent connection with hidden, secret, concealment; and if they chose not to dismantle it, had no particular protests or laid any emphasis on what they truly stood for, we can propose the following interesting speculations:
They did not care how their neighboring groups viewed them. This may be unlikely as they did form good partnership with Greeks and learned their language to ease communications.
That it was true.
That it was not accurate / only partially / they stood for different values, or simply did not agree with this depiction; yet they did not impose to alter as they preferred to maintain their true values and teachings among their people only, thus confirming the view.
In either case, since the Celts chose not to write down their teachings, what remained of history were the records of the Romans and Greeks, and the way they viewed the Celts has become their defining quality from the name itself:
Keltoi, the hidden ones.
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