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Hydroisomerization of a hydrocarbon feed containing n-hexane on Pt/H-Beta and Pt/H-Mordenite catalysts
The demand for branched alkanes increases in the reformulated gasoline pools due to the environmental regulation such as elimination of lead alkyl additives and limitation in the content of olefins, benzene and total aromatics. The Pt/chlorinated-alumina has been commercially used in the industrial process for the isomerization of n-paraffins. Pt/H-MOR has also been considered as a new generation of commercial catalyst for C5/C6 paraffin isomerization. More recently, some authors have reported that zeolite beta and mazzite would be potential acid catalysts for Hydroisomerization of n-alkanes. However, the characteristics features of and comparative studies between Pt/H-MOR and Pt/H-beta for alkane isomerization are not clearly available. The activity of bifunctional Pt/zeolite catalyst is strongly influenced not only by the number of acidic and metallic centers but also by the distribution of these clusters as well as the metal dispersion in the zeolite depends on the calcination and reduction conditions and thereby exercises influence over the activity for the isomerization of n-alkanes.
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Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of 1-[(4, 5-dihydro-5-phenyl-3- (phenylamino)pyrazol-1-yl)]ethanone derivatives
Many natural and synthetic products containing heterocyclic ring such as Pyrazol, the potent pharmacodynamic nucleus has been reported to possess a wide variety of biological Activity viz :anti-inflammatory, cardio vascular and antibacterial activities. Furthermore substitution on heterocyclic moiety at phenyl 2, 4 positions markedly induced the anticonvulsant activity. The conventional synthesis by Claisen Smidth condensation reaction of acetanilide with different substituted aromatic aldehydes. Encouraged by these observations we synthesized newer heterocyclic pyrazol derivatives in the hope of obtaining better anti convulsant agent. From a structurally simple group of compounds, chalcons have displayed an impressive array of biological Activities, among which anti malarial, anti protozoal, anti inflammatory and immunomodulatory has been reported to possess varies biological activities.
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Synthesis and antifungal screening of piperidone derivative with pyrazolone substituents
Ethyl 4-piperidone reacts with different amines in presence of toluene as a solvent and water is removed and Schiff base is formed. Then this Schiff base undergoes reduction and reduced product of Schiff base is obtained. Then it is undergoes for benzoylation, After benzoylation It reacts with two different azides and forms again Schiff base for both azides which further undergoes for clemensen reduction. The reduction product of both azides reacts with ethyl acetoacetate and undergoes cyclization and formed to get the desired cyclized product. product for antifungal screening by zone of inhibition study respect to some gram positive and gram negative microbes reference standard antibiotics. The satisfactory result has been found in the antifungal screening.
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Preparation and characterization of pectin pellets of Aceclofenac for colon targeted drug delivery
Colon targeted drug delivery has the potential to deliver bioactive agents for the treatment of a variety of colonic diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and rheumatoid arthritis and can be effectively treated by the local delivery of drugs to the large intestine. Targeting of drugs to the colon via the oral route can be achieved by different approaches including different formulation systems, for which the drug release is controlled by different pH conditions, transit time, and intestinal microbial flora. Specific targeting of drugs to the colon is recognized to have several therapeutic advantages. The colon is an ideal site for both systemic and local delivery of drugs.
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Conventional and Greener Approach for the Synthesis of Some Novel Substituted -4-Oxothiazolidine and Their 5-Arylidene Derivatives of 2-Methyl-benzimidazole: Antimicrobial Activities
An important contribution of microwave techniques to organic synthesis has been observed in recent years. Microwave assisted organic synthesis allows not only for the improvement of reaction yield but also decreases reaction time, and simplifies product purification. Last but not least, it offers us an environmentally friendly way of practicing and teaching chemistry. However, classical text books for organic chemistry laboratory only rarely provide experimental procedures that make use of this established techniques in dry media, reactions occur rapidly and the method avoids hazards associated with solvents especially in sealed vessels. The absence of solvent reduces reaction time and always improves yield. Using microwaves with proper control of power and reaction temperature are more efficient than conventional heating.
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Quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis of some 2- substituted halogenbenzimidazoles analogues using computer-aided drug designing technique
Tuberculosis, which is caused by single infectious agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one of the most important infectious diseases. Tuberculosis is a major public health problem with approximately 2 million annual deaths. In the present study QSAR analysis of a series of substituted 2-polyfluoroalkyl and 2-Nitrobenzylsulphanyl benzimidazoles was performed using V-LIFE MDS 3.0 software 2D QSAR models were developed using partial least square (PLS) and variable selection methods. Out of 10 models developed. the two best 2D QSAR models having highest correlation coefficient and cross validated squared correlation coefficient were selected for further study, which were r2 = 0.9013, q2 = 0.7676, F test = 73.0375 pred_r2 = - 0.1772, pred_r2se = 0.5646 and r2 = 0.8441, q2 = 0.7088, F test = 27.0819 pred_r2 = -0.1082, pred_r2se = 0.5478 . Two 3D QSAR models were developed using KNN-MFA method, combined with simulated annealing selection procedure.
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Bioanalytical method for determination of Nevirapine in-vivo in resource constrained laboratories
Simple high-Performance Liquid Chromatographic method for determination of Nevirapine in human plasma is hereby reported. Carbamazepine was used as internal standard (IS). The internal standard and the drug were extracted into basified di-isopropyl ether, dried with a current of air using hair drier. The dried sample was reconstituted with 120 µl of mobile phase followed by injection of 90 µl of the reconstituted sample into the chromatograph. A reversed phase column C18 was used and the mobile phase consisted of 250ml acetonitrile and 800 ml phosphate Buffer (pH 7.5). Detection was achieved at 282nm and both NVP and IS were well separated from endogenous substances. The method involves single step extraction procedure and applies a commonly available internal standard.
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Synthesis and spectroscopic studies of tetradentate schiff base complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II), Mn(II) and Co(II)
Schiff bases and their transition metal complexes have been investigated extensitively since these types of molecules are important in chemistry and have many applications.A great deal of work has been reported on the synthesis, structural investigations, various crystallographic features, mesogenic characteristics, structure-redox relationships and catalytic properties of different types of Schiff bases and their complexes with transition and non-transition elements. Malonyldihydrazide and Salicylaldehyde compounds are capable to form complexes with transition metal ions in the form of Schiff bases.
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Role of Community Pharmacist Care and Management of Parkinsonism Disease
The community pharmacist, being an important member of the healthcare team and society can make successful efforts to counsel the suffer and guide him about this disease. Pharmacist is now becoming more patient oriented than product oriented and have brought many changes in life of patients. Parkinson's disease is a movement disorder caused by a shortage of a chemical (dopamine) in the brain. Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that is chronic and progressive, affecting that part of the brain that controls the movement of muscles. The most common form of parkinsonism is Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease, which is termed thus since the cause is not known, whereas the cause is either known or at least suspected in the other forms of Parkinson’s disease, such as Postencephalitic Parkinsonism, Drug-Induced Parkinsonism, Striatonigral Degeneration, Toxin-Induced Parkinsonism, Arteriosclerotic However, with modern advances in medicine, Parkinson’s disease can be treated quite effectively, compared to other serious neurological diseases.
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Corrosion study rebars in reinforced concrete structure by open circuit potential method
Corrosion of rebars is one of the major durability problems for reinforced concrete structure. The effect of inadequate workmanship like proper cover, placing, compaction and curing of concrete on carbonation are the factors responsible for the corrosion of reinforcement in concrete structures. Corrosion is the destructive attack on a metal or a metal alloy by chemical or electrochemical reaction with its environment. There are different factors influencing corrosion such as acids, oxidizing agents and temperature. The numbers of methods are available for study of the corrosion viz. surface potential test method, open circuit potential test method and method of weight loss. The present work deals with the study of the effect of water cement ratio, grade of concrete and type of steel on corrosion of steel in concrete using open circuit potential test method.
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Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Selected Drugs in Pharmaceutical Formulations
Simple, sensitive and precise spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the estimation of valacyclovir, aceclofenac, racecadotril, valdecoxib, nebivolol and reboxetine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Methanol and triple distilled water were used as solvents for the estimation of all these drugs. Absorption maxima of all the above drugs were determined and the estimations were carried out in tablet dosage forms. Results of the analysis were validated statistically and by recovery studies. Valacyclovir, Aceclofenac, Racecadotril, Nebivolol, Reboxetine and Valdecoxib, are recently introduced into the market. Literature survey reveals that the drugs are not official in any pharmacopoeias. Few analytical methods have been developed which include HPLC and LC-MS.
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Corrosion Inhibitive Analysis of metal
The electrochemical behavior of metals and alloys in aqueous solution is complex. This depends on the ionic composition of the medium, the crystal Orientation, thermal treatment and on the perturbation applied to metal / solution interface. Electrochemical behavior and its study confirm that the metal electrode involves the presence of adsorbed hydroxo-species. The passivation of metal in acidic solutions containing high concentration of Chloride ions and metal ions was explained with the chemical reaction intermediates. The behaviour of fresh metal electrode generated low potential, which shows that monolayer of solution, is formed. Passivation of metal at high potential is controlled by the component of the inhibitor and oxide film component. The Cu is widely used in different appliances because of good properties. These valuable properties are caused by the passive films that are rapidly formed in the environment.
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Formulation and in-vitro evaluation of floating capsules of Loratadine
Floating drug delivery system is oral dosage foam designed to prolong the residence time of dosage foam within the GI track. Such dosage form having density less than that of the gastric fluid floats on the gastric juice for an extended period of time while slowly releasing the drug. On contact with the gastric fluid, the intragastric floating capsule forms a water impermeable colloid gel barrier around its surface and maintains a bulk density of less than 1. So, it remains buoyant in the gastric fluid in stomach until the entire loading dose has been released. This drug delivery system not only prolongs GI residence time but does so in an area of the GI tract that could maximize drug reaching its absorption site in solution and hence ready for absorption.
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Synthesis and evaluation of some new substituted 1,4-dihydro pyridine derivatives and their anticonvulsant activity
The word “Epilepsy” is derived from the Greek, meaning ‘to take hold of, seizer. An epileptic seizure is a transient paroxysm of uncontrolled discharges of neurons causing an event that is discernible by the person experiencing the seizure and/or by the observer. Epilepsy affects approximately 1% of the whole worldwide population and is the second most common Neurologic disorder after stroke. The incidence is highest in the first 10 years of life and declines thereafter through the age of 50 until the elderly years when the incidence increases again. Epilepsy begins before the age of 18 in over 75% of patients. A recent meta-analysis of published and unpublished studies puts the overall prevalence rate of epilepsy in India at 5.59 per 1,000 populations, with no statistically different rates between men and women or urban or rural residence.1, 4-Dihydropyridine exhibit wide range of pharmacological activities like anti tubercular, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-convulsant and antifungal.
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Evaluation of antiulcer activity of root and leaf extract of Polyscias balfouriana var.marginata
Polyscias Balfouriana is an ornamental plant which belongs to the family Araliaceae. The plant is a bushy shrub with glossy green coloured leaves with white margins. The chemical nature of the active principles is high content of triterpenoid saponins. The family and the chemical nature of this plant are same as that of Panax Ginseng. Since ginseng is well established for its anti stress property, it was used as the standard drug for evaluating the anti ulcer activity. Ulcer was induced by physical and chemical method. The leaf and root extract was given in two different concentrations of 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg body weight. It was observed that the leaf extract of 500mg/kg body weight showed better anti ulcer activity. The state of stress of any nature produces a non-specific state in any living organism. This state of stress syndrome is characterized by adrenal hypertrophy, depletion of adrenal ascorbic acid and cortisol.
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Stability study of O/W emulsions using zeta potential
Emulsions are widely used as medicinal and cosmetic delivery systems on account of general observations that emulsified materials normally possess the properties being exhibited by its bulk components. In order to widen scope of application of the conclusions drawn, o/w emulsions covering almost all routes of administration were considered for the study. These included parenteral emulsion, oral Emulsion and topical emulsion. Zeta potential including zeta deviation and peak position, and effective particle size of the emulsions including Z-average diameter, poly dispersity index and peak position were studied using a Zeta sizer (Malvern instrument). Employing Laser Doppler Electrophoresis and dynamic light scattering technique, Zeta potential and particle size distribution of the droplet as a function of time can be determined, which was done in this paper.
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HPTLC method for estimation of isolated derivative in fractions of seeds of Ensete superbum
Isolated chroman derivative from the seeds of Ensete superbum Cheesm have been reported to possess anti-implantation activity. The literature survey reveals that no HPTLC methods are reported for the present drug. Hence, an attempt was made that the active derivative can be selected as a standard for the presence of same in different fractions respectively. The isolated chroman derivative along with the fractions was subjected to multi-wavelength scanning and spectrum analysis. The detection and quantification were observed at wavelengths of 256 and 550 nm. HPTLC analysis indicated that the maximum amount of isolated derivative was present in ethanol fraction (1.83%) followed by ethyl acetate (1.74%) and methanol fraction (0.70%).The petroleum ether fraction of the extract was found to contain no traces of the isolated compound. Linearity studies indicated that isolated derivative was present in the linear range of 100 -500 ng. Since this method resolves and quantifies the isolated chroman derivative effectively, therefore it can be used as a marker compound to quantify the concentration of this active principle in its different extracts.
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