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DRAWING BOARDS VS DRAFTING TABLES

If you look at a Venn diagram representing drawing boards and drafting tables, you’ll see that the two tools have a lot in common, but that there are some key differences separating them, too. Both tools are ultimately useful for engineers, architects, and anybody else who regularly needs to draft on large surfaces — but if you want to ensure you choose the right one for your needs, you need to understand how they differ from each other. Read on to learn what makes drafting tables and drawing boards similar, but not the same.

What Is a Drawing Board?

A drawing board is a starting point for many artists and architects — and for many, they never feel a need to replace it! This basic tool is exactly what it sounds like. It is a large board with a flat surface that paper can easily be spread across and drawn upon. This tool is most popular amongst students, artists, and architects who seek the versatility of a simple board that can easily be moved and manipulated.

What Is a Drafting Table?

A drafting table serves the same purpose as a drawing board: it provides a flat, large surface for you to draw upon easily. Drafting tables , though, feature a fully integrated and adjustable drafting head that the user can set to any position and angle. This allows for more precise manipulation that is suited to engineers and designers who are drafting highly complex drawings.

Differences Between Drawing Board and Drafting Table

The terms drawing board and drafting table are often used interchangeably, but the two tools actually feature several variations, including the following:

Drafting table surfaces can be tilted at a specific angle

Drawing boards are freestanding with no attached desk

Though these differences are typically true of drawing boards and drafting tables, you will find some tools that do not adhere to these rules — still, a drafting table and a drawing board are different tools that are ideal for different purposes.

Uses for a Drawing Board

So what are the ideal uses for a drawing board? Because more drawing boards are portable and unattached to a larger structure, they are perfect for the following uses:

On-the-go drawing

Take to art classes

Live figure drawing

These are just a few of the applications that you can use a drawing board for. Some drawing boards do come with an attachment which allows for manual manipulation but less portability. These drawing boards are better suited to uses that require greater precision.

Uses for a Drafting Table

If precision is your objective, though, you’re better off shopping for drafting tables. Why? A drafting table is designed to be tilted to an exact angle, thus allowing the user to achieve impeccable precision in their drawing. Some of the uses for a drafting table include:

Reading blueprints

Drawing blueprints

Writing technical guides

If your work requires exactitude, a drafting table is the best investment. Enjoy precision and comfort with a table you can easily sit and draw at.

Frequently Asked Questions

Should I choose a drawing board or a drafting table?

Drawing boards and drafting tables are both great for anybody who needs a large, flat surface to draw on. Which one you should choose depends on the investment you’re willing to make and the level of precision that your work requires.

Are drawing boards and drafting tables the same thing?

No, drafting tables and drawing boards are not the same thing. Though the phrases are often used interchangeably, these words refer to different pieces of equipment!

Why do I need a drawing table or drafting board?

Both a drawing board and a drafting table can make it easier to work on large scale projects effectively. Because both can also be tilted, they are better than a flat tabletop or other flat surface.

Are drafting tables ergonomically beneficial?

Yes! Yet another benefit of a drafting table is the fact that it is ergonomically designed to alleviate pressure on the user’s body. Adjustable drafting tables are ideal for individuals who want to use a drafting table while maintaining posture and working comfortably.

What size drawing board or drafting table do I need?

There are many different types, shapes, and sizes available when it comes to both drafting tables and drawing boards . You should measure the size of the paper you most commonly use and find a tool that will easily accommodate a workspace of that size.

Equipment for Engineers and Artists

Whether you’re an engineer, artist, or architect, there are few investments better than a drawing board or drafting table. To find the right one, consider the size you require as well as the level of precision you need. Engineer Supply has a wide selection of drawing board and drafting table options that are perfect for professionals. Call (800) 591-8907 or browse online to find the tool that’s best for you.

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CORPORATE SAFETY EYEWEAR PROGRAM

Deciding on the right corporate safety eyewear program is key for your employees safety. Find out how we can develop a program that is the best fit for your business.

Frequently Asked Questions

Where Can I Find Glasses for My Corporate Safety Eyewear Program?

Selecting the best glasses for your company’s prescription safety eyewear program is all about conducting ample research in advance. After determining what you need from your glasses, take a look at the selection available to you at Engineer Supply to find the perfect fit.

How Does OSHA Factor Into Eyewear Decisions?

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration determines what safety gear is adequate for various workplace conditions. To ensure that you’re getting the correct eyewear for your program, take a look at the OSHA guidelines dictating safety standards for your company’s field.

What Does ANSI Mean?

The American National Standards Institute provides ratings for safety gear in order to ensure quality. If you see a rating of ANSI z87 on any of the glasses you are considering for your prescription safety glasses program, it means that the eyewear has gone through rigorous testing to guarantee durability, impact resistance, and other critical factors.

What Qualities Are Most Important When Selecting Corporate Eyewear?

Though there are a handful of angles to think about when picking the right glasses for your corporate program, you can always find a good fit by narrowing your selection down to options that are both durable and comfortable. You may also find that looking solely at trusted brands in the industry is a great way to find the fit you require.

Does Style Matter With Safety Goggles?

While it is far from the most important point to think about when picking glasses, you absolutely want to take a moment to look at the different style options when picking prescription eyewear. Just because the main purpose of the glasses is to increase safety does not mean that the eyewear needs to look bulky or awkward.

Finding the right glasses for your corporate safety eyewear program begins with research. As long as you know what you’re searching for, you will be able to sift through the quality options at Engineer Supply to uncover the right fit for your needs.

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Levels come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and types. If you work in construction or a similar industry, you might even have a collection of lasers that you use for different purposes. You’ll likely want to add one more to that collection when you hear about the Bosch GLL 30. This Bosch laser level is one of the brand’s new units, and it brings a bounty of benefits to the table. Find out why the GLL 30 might be the best Bosch laser level on the market — and how it can help you improve the accuracy of your measurements.

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BEST ROTARY LASER LEVELS FOR CONSTRUCTION

Laser levels are used in a variety of construction and engineering applications, but they’re commonly used for concrete and asphalt work. Grading, landscaping, and surveying companies use laser levels for a variety of tasks. Framers also used them to check for the square alignment of openings (such as windows, doors, dormers, and skylights). A

laser level

uses an amplified and highly-focused beam of light that’s emitted from a solid-state device called a diode. Also called LED’s, these devices are found in many devices (such as digital clocks, remote controls, and televisions).

The beam can be used as a visual chalk line when a straight and level reference point is needed. The size of the beam will depend on the size of the diode. And in this particular application, smaller is better because it will be more precise. With a wider beam of light, the actual level point can be located anywhere inside the width of the beam. The first laser levels could only be used indoors, because the beam wasn’t bright enough to be seen if it was used outside. Now, more powerful laser levels can be used in outdoor environments as well. And many of them can be used with a detector that will “read” the beam.

Here are five of the best rotary laser levels that can be used for construction.

#1: Topcon RL-200 2S Dual Slope Rotary Laser Level Standard Package

This dual-slope rotary laser level kit from Topcon is great for exterior applications. In addition to the RL-200 2S Rotary Laser Level, it also comes with the following items:

Dry battery kit.

LS-80L laser detector with the Holder 6 rod clamp.

Hard carrying case.

Dry battery kit.

It also has the following specifications:

Red laser beam.

An operating range of a 3,600-foot diameter with a laser detector.

An accuracy of 3/64 of an inch per 100 feet.

Rotation speeds of 300, 600, or 900 RPM.

Self-leveling.

An IP66 Rating for protection against dust and heavy water spray.

Be sure to pick yours up at Engineer Supply today!

SHOP TOPCON RL-200 2S

#2: Bosch REVOLVE2000 Self-Leveling Horizontal and Vertical Rotary Laser Kit

This rotary laser level kit is a comprehensive solution to a number of outdoor and indoor leveling applications. The manual dual-slope feature allows you to adjust the slope angle of the rotary laser level on both the X and Y axes. It also comes with a hard carrying case that can hold all the accessories included with this kit. The device has an accuracy of 1/16 of an inch for every 100 feet, which goes up to 2,000 feet if you use the included receiver.

SHOP BOSCH REVOLVE2000

#3: Leica Rugby 640 Series Rotary Laser Package

This rotary laser level by Leica Geosystems is an expansion of the company’s broad portfolio of rotating lasers. It’s the best rotary laser level for getting a professional solution with a good price-to-quality ratio, because it will allow you to quickly level and align what you need to build on a construction project while eliminating costly errors.

SHOP LEICA RUGBY 640

#4: Johnson Level 99-027K - Self-Leveling Rotary Laser System

This rotary laser level has a number of useful features, which can include but may not be limited to:

A 2,000-foot working diameter (which is over 72 acres).

One-person operation.

Dust-proof, wash-down rated housing.

A 90-degree split beam.

Manual leveling along a vertical plane.

Visual and audible alarms when you’re beyond its leveling range.

Locking compensator that protects the pendulum during transport.

The device also has a 3-year manufacturer’s warranty and has a 1/8-inch accuracy for every 100 feet.

SHOP JOHNSON LEVEL 99-027K

#5: Topcon RL-SV2S Multi-Purpose Rotary Laser Level Standard Package

This is the best rotary laser level for horizontal, multi-slope, and vertical applications. This rotary laser level kit comes with the following items:

Dry battery kit.

LS-80L laser detector with the Holder 6 rod clamp.

RC-60 remote control.

Hard carrying case.

The red laser beam has an operating range of 800 meters in diameter with a laser detector, and it has an accuracy of 1/16 of an inch for every 100 feet. Be sure to pick yours up at Engineer Supply.

SHOP TOPCON RL-SV2S

Frequently Asked Questions

How does a laser level work?

A laser level uses an amplified and highly focused beam of light that’s emitted from a solid-state device called a diode. These light-emitting diodes (called LED’s) can be found in a number of devices, and the same technology is used by laser levels to establish a visual “chalk line” you can use to get a straight and level reference point.

What is the self-leveling range of a laser level?

The self-leveling range of a laser level refers to the deviation value or difference from the level of the laser housing for the device’s internal leveling mechanism to work properly. It’s a feature that can spare you the extra time it takes to make tedious adjustments.

Can I use a laser level in sunlight?

There isn’t a single laser level that can be completely visible outdoors under direct sunlight for more than a few meters. That’s why most rotary laser levels have an electronic receiver, which can find the beam within certain distances. If you’re looking for the best rotary laser level for your specific needs, be sure to look at what we have at Engineer Supply.

Can a laser level hurt my eyes?

The most common vision-related problem with using any type of laser leveling device is flash blindness, which is caused by the eye being exposed to an extremely intense flash of light. This can last anywhere from a few seconds to a few minutes, but it can also be permanent.

How important is the accuracy of a laser level?

It depends on the job you need to perform. What really matters is whether the precision you need is met while you're using the rotary laser level. All of them have a rate tolerance that can be anywhere from 1mm to 20mm. An interior job within a short range can use any rating with the given band. But for long-range exterior work, a range of 1-4mm inside 20mm would be fine. In more specialized engineering applications, the tolerance of a laser level is more critical.

If you want to find the best rotary laser level you can use on your next project, be sure to look at what we have at Engineer Supply.

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BEST PIPE LASERS

Efficient tools and equipment are integral components to the field of construction. If you’re someone who wants to produce quality, consistent work, then you need to take time to understand all of your options when it comes to the supplies involved in daily operations. For many construction workers, items like a pipe laser play a pretty important role in finishing a job. If you’re ready to invest in a new laser level, now is the time to review a selection of excellent tools made to fit a variety of applications.

These levels are produced by some of the most trustworthy brands in the world of engineering tools. By gaining insight into the features of each, you can determine which model is best for your needs.

Topcon TP-L6 Series

Size matters when it comes to tools. Though many people might assume that “bigger is better,” this is definitely not the case with a majority of supplies. This fact is proven with the Topcon TP-L6 Series. Not only is this item small and convenient to take with you on any job, the ability to connect the level with a mobile application streamlines the entire process. What’s more, the program helps you adjust all of the settings of the level to meet the specifications of whatever job is in front of you.

SHOP TOPCON TP-L6 SERIES

Leica Piper 200

When you’re working on a job that requires you understand everything from line to grade, you need a tool that can handle everything. The Leica Piper 200 boasts a variety of useful features that can expedite your daily processes and provide more accurate readings overall. Additionally, this pipe laser level also has extended battery life. You won’t need to worry about your level dying on you in the middle of an important job when you can rely on its trustworthy and high-performing power system.

SHOP LEICA PIPER 200

Johnson Level Pipe Laser 40-6690

Durability should always be a selling point you pay attention to when it comes to selecting tools for a construction job. If you want to be able to rely on your supplies, be sure to check out the Johnson Level Pipe Laser 40-6690. Made from cast aluminum, the extra seals on the tool allow for protection against water and wet conditions. No matter what environment you might be working in, you can bet that the 40-6690 will withstand whatever you’re forced to endure.

SHOP JOHNSON LEVEL PIPE LASER 40-6690

GeoMax 6011336

In order to be viewed as an experienced professional with wisdom in your field, you need to deliver results that are as accurate as possible. Naturally, this is only possible when you can rely on the best pipe laser. The GeoMax 6011336 is as accurate as it is versatile. If you’re looking to deliver finished products that wow clients, this is an option that is worth a look. The self-leveling features of the tool means you need to merely step back and let the level take care of a majority of the work.

SHOP GEOMAX 6011336

Topcon TP-L6GV

The world of construction typically offers a number of challenges to workers. Whether you’re involved in traditional home building, road construction, or any one of the other demanding areas of this field, you need tools that are up for whatever challenges await. The Topcon TP-L6GV is a perfect example of a level that has been designed with handle any of the difficult conditions or obstacles that you’re likely to face along the way.

SHOP TOPCON TP-L6GV

Frequently Asked Questions

Where Can I Find the Best Pipe Laser Level?

If you’re searching for the best possible

pipe laser

for your next job, you need to check out the offerings available at Engineer Supply. Review the variety and take time to weigh out the pros of each option. With a little research, you’ll find the perfect tool for your next job.

What Is a Laser Level Used For?

A laser level has a variety of applications. Essentially, this is a type of tool that is often used to gain information related to the evenness, angle, and other features of a surface. Naturally, how a level is used usually depends heavily on a person’s profession and daily actions.

What Professions Rely on Levels?

Though plenty of career paths involve the use of levels in some capacity, construction works and people involved in utility work tend to need these items the most often. Levels help to ensure that everything built on a site is structurally sound and ready for whatever pressures will be placed on it in the future.

What Color Is Best for a Laser Level?

There is a lot of debate over whether a red or green laser is best. In truth, there are a number of pros and cons to each color. Typically, it is best to take a look at how easy it is for you to see the laser beams of both colors first and it will help you know which is right for you.

Can Levels Be Used for Grading?

One of the more common applications that a level is used for in the world of construction is grading. A tool that is used for gaining perspective on whether or not a pipe is level can also provide in-depth information on the overall grade of the material.

When it comes to finding the right tools for your next job, be sure to look at what

Engineer Supply

has to offer. With enough time, you’ll know exactly which pipe laser is right for you.

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Drawing is often a very length and involved process. A person who draws by hand will usually spend many hours hunched over a piece of paper, working and reworking lines to ensure every mark is as accurate as possible. Naturally, this can take a toll on a person’s body after a bit. If you’re someone who draws for a living or as a hobby, you definitely want to consider what kind of drafting tables you use to complete your projects. The right table can make a world of difference for your experience. Take a look at these top options for tables meant to help artists, engineers, and architects. A little research can yield some impressive results when it comes to your investment.

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Looking for buried wires? Whether you’re digging on your property or working on a project with your company, find out how a magnetic locator works and how it can assist you with safe, accurate excavation projects. Learn the differences between magnetic and utility location devices for safe and accurate location of electrical wires.

Select a Locator

First, you need to find the right type of locator. Magnetic locators allow you to find the approximate depth and location of buried ferrous metal objects. This includes septic tanks, corner pins and other objects. Unfortunately, it does not include electrical wires. Most buried wires are made of copper. Other elements may include aluminum or gold, but none of these are ferrous. For buried electrical cables, it’s best to use a pipe and cable locator.

Advantages of Using Pipe and Cable Locators

Pipe and cable locators offer an effective way to locate buried electrical lines and conduit. They operate slightly differently than magnetic location devices, allowing them to find a signal from a non-ferrous metal. Some utilities have a signal running through them. Power lines give off a 60Hz frequency, which your pipe and cable locator can detect. For other pipes and cables, a transmitter is needed. Connect the transmitter to an exposed piece of pipe or cable to safely transmit a signal through. Your location device will receive the signal, allowing you to find a buried section of the same cable or pipe. There are many different types of transmitters. Compare alligator clamps, signal clamps and inductive antennas to find the best option for your specific cable location project.

Great Selection of Magnetic Locators

Shop top brand names today! Whether you're looking for Schonstedt Magnetic Locators, CST/Berger Magnetic Locators, PipeHorn Magnetic Locators or other Magnetic Locator Accessories & Parts we have you covered.

SHOP MAGNETIC LOCATORS

Frequently Asked Questions

Will a Locator Find a Buried Electrical Wire?

No, a Schonstedt magnetic locator isn’t capable of locating buried non-ferrous items. A pipe and cable locator is required to find any materials that aren’t magnetic. It may be possible to locate a cable if it’s buried in steel conduit, but typically you must use a transmitter and cable locator.

Can a Magnetic Location Device Find Buried Water Lines?

Water lines can be copper, PVC or other plastic, but they aren’t usually ferrous metals. For this reason, your magnetic location device isn’t suited for finding water lines. You may need to use a pipe and cable locator or other utility locator tool to find these buried lines.

How Can You Locate Underground Fiber Optic Cables?

Fiber optics aren’t ferrous, so you won’t be able to use a magnetic location device to find them. A utility location device that uses a transmitter can send a signal down the line and trace it with a handheld receiver. For this to work, you’ll need to find an exposed section of the fiber optic cable to connect a transmitter to.

How Do You Use a Locator?

A magnetic location device can detect ferrous materials by slowly moving the handheld locator back and forth over the area. Pipe and cable locators operate in a similar way, but typically need a transmitter to send a signal through the cable you’re locating. Follow the specific instructions for your location device for accurate use.

What Types of Utility Locators Are Available?

Visit Engineer Supply to find a utility or magnetic locator device for your next project. Shop for locators designed to search for buried electrical lines to prevent accidental damage and risk of electrical shock as you safely dig new trenches or a foundation.

Best Magnetic Locators

1) Schonstedt Magnetic Locator with Hard Case GA-52Cx

The GA-52Cx from Schonstedt is one of the most rugged and dependable locators you can buy. It provides five levels of sensitivity to ensure that you find what you are looking for without passing over it. There are only two controls on the body, making it easy to use with one hand. It also makes it more dependable. If you will be doing a lot of surveying, this should be a serious contender on your list.

SHOP SCHONSTEDT MAGNETIC LOCATOR WITH HARD CASE GA-52CX

2) Schonstedt Maggie Magnetic Locator With Soft Case

The Maggie is an opportunity to get the best of two worlds. It features the sensitivity of the GA-52Cx and the one-handed design of the GA-92XT, Schonstedt’s two flagship models. It has an LCD screen with a bar graph showing polarity. It is rated IP54 for dust and water resistance. The modular construction and durable design help make this another top choice from Schonstedt.

SHOP SCHONSTEDT MAGGIE MAGNETIC LOCATOR WITH SOFT CASE

3) Pipehorn 800HL Dual-Frequency Pipe & Cable Locator Model MD840

The 800HL from Pipehorn is a capable pipe locator. It has two frequencies: 480 kHz and 9kHz. This makes it easier to locate utilities in both congested areas and at a distance. Users can change between frequencies with a single switch flick. It has a handle for easy one-handed use. This can be used for coated pipes, un-energized power lines, fiber, concentric neutral and many other utilities.

SHOP PIPEHORN 800HL DUAL-FREQUENCY PIPE & CABLE LOCATOR MODEL MD840

4) Schonstedt Magnetic Locator With Hard Case GA-72Cd

The GA-72Cd is the most popular choice for UXO and demining applications. It is the brand’s most versatile locator for magnetic fields. Like many other Schonstedt products, it has a very simple set of controls to make it as easy to use as possible. It features a screen showing a polarity graph, gain level and battery status.

SHOP SCHONSTEDT MAGNETIC LOCATOR WITH HARD CASE GA-72CD

5) Schonstedt Magnetic Locator With Holster and Hard Case GA-92XTd

This ultra-compact locator is Schonstedt’s most portable product. It telescopes so that it can be easily transported in a small package. Additionally, it features a special handle that makes it easy to operate with one hand, pressing the buttons with your thumb. This is an especially good choice for anyone who has to travel a lot for work.

SHOP SCHONSTEDT MAGNETIC LOCATOR WITH HOLSTER AND HARD CASE GA-92XTD

6) Schonstedt REX - Multi-Frequency Pipe & Cable Locator

This pipe locator from Schonstedt is a top-of-the-line tool. It has three frequencies (512 Hz, 33 Hz and 82 kHz) as well as 50/60 Hz passive and 512 Hz sonde detection. Plus, the transmitter is only four pounds, and the receiver is only three. This is a very compact and lightweight tool. Like many other Schonstedt models, the REX is IP54 rated for dust and water resistance.

SHOP SCHONSTEDT REX - MULTI-FREQUENCY PIPE & CABLE LOCATOR

7) Pipehorn 800H Single-Frequency Pipe & Cable Locator Model MD820

The Pipehorn 800H is a lot like the 800HL described above. However, it uses a single frequency of 480 kHz. It can work down to a depth of 18 feet. The strong ABS housing and watertight construction help make this a very durable tool for use in the field.

SHOP BLOG TOP 10 MAGNETIC LOCATORS PIPEHORN 800H

8) CST/Berger Magna-Trak MT202 Series Magnetic Locator With Soft Case 19-202SC

The MT202 series locator is a high-quality device with strong construction and a large LCD screen for easy operation. The digital bar graph readout makes it easier than ever to locate items. Plus, the MT202 has the ability to block out a source of magnetic interference (for example, a nearby fence). It can locate larger objects at a depth of up to 15 feet.

SHOP CST/BERGER MAGNA-TRAK MT202 SERIES MAGNETIC LOCATOR WITH SOFT CASE 19-202SC

9) Schonstedt MPC-REX - Combination Kit - REX System With GA-92XTd Magnetic Locator

If you need to locate both utilities and magnetic fields, this combination set is a great choice. It features the compact but powerful REX and the highly-effective and portable GA-92XTd. The entire package can fit into a custom shoulder bag. Both locators are described above.

SHOP SCHONSTEDT MPC-REX - KIT - REX SYSTEM WITH GA-92XTD MAGNETIC LOCATOR

10) CST/Berger Magna-Trak 101 Magnetic Locator With Soft Case 19-555

This no-nonsense locator is an effective and reliable tool for finding ferrous objects underground. The Magna-Trak 101 has easy-to-use control knobs for adjusting sensitivity and volume. With a strong but lightweight aluminum tube and strong sensors, this is a magnetic locator you can always rely on when you need it.

SHOP CST/BERGER MAGNA-TRAK 101 MAGNETIC LOCATOR WITH SOFT CASE 19-555

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Earthquakes can happen anywhere and at any time, so the idea of not being in an “earthquake zone” is a falsehood. There are approximately 2 million earthquakes happening throughout the world each year. And of the 500,000 that can be detected, 100,000 of them can be felt. Yet approximately 100 buildings get damaged by earthquakes each year. It’s a well-known fact that buildings and earthquakes don’t go hand in hand. And in many cases, the damage can be extensive. Building damage avoidance is a simple concept, but it’s the materials being used that causes problems.

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Plane table surveying is a quick way to scope the layout of a job site. And with this method, you can plot a plan and make field observations at the same time.

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WHAT IS EDM IN SURVEY?

Electronic Distance Measurement

Electronic distance measurement (EDM) is a method of determining the length between two points using electromagnetic waves. EDM is commonly carried out with digital instruments called theodolites. EDM instruments are highly reliable and convenient pieces of surveying equipment and can be used to measure distances of up to 100 kilometers. Each piece of EDM equipment available at Engineer Supply provides dependably accurate distance measurements displayed on an easy-to-read digital screen. Devices known as total stations share similarities with theodolites and can be used to measure distances as well as angles.

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WHAT ARE PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND AERIAL SURVEYING?

Aerial surveying, also known as photogrammetry, is a method used to survey land that would be impossible or impractical to survey on the ground. In recent decades, advancements in GPS tracking and photoimaging technology have allowed this practice to flourish. To successfully complete an aerial survey, surveyors will need a thorough understanding of the process and a full complement of essential equipment.

Certain environmental conditions make a piece of land ideal for aerial surveying. Land with a high concentration of pedestrian or automobile traffic is difficult to survey using conventional methods, so aerial surveys are completed instead.

The Differences Between Photogrammetry and Aerial Surveying

The terms “photogrammetry” and “aerial surveying” are often used interchangeably on the internet, but there are important differences between the two. The process of aerial surveying starts with collecting high-altitude photos of a plot of land using a plane or drone. Photogrammetry is the act of deriving metric information about an object from a photograph of that object. Photogrammetric measurements can be taken from terrestrial photographs, but a combination of aerial angles generally provides the most reliable basis for measurement.

How it Works

Photogrammetry allows surveyors to triangulate photographed locations and create 3D images. It also aids in the determination of geographic coordinates.

In aerial photogrammetry, you must first mount a camera to the bottom of an aircraft and aim it vertically toward the ground. To ensure that every location on the plane’s flight path is captured, the camera takes overlapping photos at regular intervals. These photos are then digitally processed and used together to determine the physical measurements and characteristics of the surveyed territory.

Equipment You Will Need

Aerial surveys require a variety of equipment for use on the ground and in the air. First, it’s important to determine what type of aircraft you’ll use in your survey. The options range from state-of-the-art drones to hot-air balloons (you may laugh, but that’s exactly how the first aerial surveys were conducted!) Drones eliminate the need for a pilot in the air, and although their price tags might give you pause, their cost is comparable to that of the equipment and manpower you’ll need with other aircrafts.

Aerial Targets allow easy visibility of the survey area and help you to identify particular points of interest within it. Blue Max Flite Markers are designed to be highly visible and durable. They are biodegradable, reducing the environmental impact of your project and giving you the option to leave your targets on the ground if you don’t wish to reuse them.

Laser scanners or 3D scanners are musts for completing surveys. Mounting a 3D scanner to the bottom of your aircraft gives you the best possible technology in measurement and imaging. At Engineer Supply, you can find mounts and other accessories to keep your scanners secure and protected. Naturally, you will need to make sure the device is reliably in place at high altitudes.

On the low-tech side, carrying cases and portable bags safeguard your surveying equipment against worksite accidents and normal wear. Quality aerial-surveying equipment is valuable, so treat it well and make it last!

More Articles on Survey Equipment & the land surveying process

How Does Land Surveying Work?

How to Buy a Surveying or Construction Tripod

What is the relevance of land survey?

How to Survey your Own Land and Save Money

What is plane table surveying?

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Breaking ground at a new site is exciting. You get to dive into a new project, build from the ground up, and bring new development to the area. If you’re a construction manager or engineer in this position, though, you already know that it entails a lot of hard work and responsibility in addition to the satisfaction it brings. One of the most important responsibilities is ensuring that you are not damaging underground utilities when you begin construction. Follow these three tips to prevent any such incidents from happening.

Find a Reliable Utility Locating Company

One of the easiest ways to prevent underground utility damage is to enlist help from utility locating services

. A utility locators will assess the situation and determine whether there may be any utilities located on your dig site. They will then confirm the presence of absence of utilities using one of the following methods:

Use of ground penetrating radar to locate potential utility lines

Concrete scanning to detect utility lines even in concrete

Vacuum excavation to reveal the utility lines’ exact location

Each of these methods is equally effective. The key is to find a utility locator company that you trust. Reach out to providers to find one who specializes in the kind of structures you are dealing with.

Make Sure You’re Using the Right Tools

The aforementioned methods are ideal for detecting utilities, but the tools you use are just as important as your method. Ground penetrating radar is the most commonly used tool when you’re looking for an underground utility locator but it isn’t the only one that can be used. A simple magnetic locator can also be used to detect magnetic fields and pinpoint the location of the target. These two tools are the most common pieces of utility locating equipment , and it’s important to find the one that’s best suited to the job site you are working on.

Always Call 811 Before You Start Digging

One of the most underutilized yet effective tools for preventing utility damage is 811. This number is the national hotline for utility location, and it’s free to call. You can access this resource 24/7 and be connected with a representative who will ask a few simple questions about where you are, where you plan to dig, and how deep you’ll be digging. They can then tell you whether or not it’s safe for you to proceed. You should always call 811 before you break ground on a new project, and as their slogan says, “know what’s below.”

Frequently Asked Questions

What kind of utility lines are located under the ground?

The type of utility line located underground depends on where you are, but the most common lines are gas, water, and electrical.

How likely is it that I’ll hit a utility line if I don’t check?

It’s difficult to predict the likelihood of hitting a utility line, but the larger your project is, the more likely it becomes. It’s not a chance you want to gamble with.

What happens if I hit a utility line?

Hitting a utility line is scary because the immediate effects are unknown. What happens will depend on what kind of utility line you hit. You could cause a gas or water leak, a disruption in the electrical field, or a more serious and dangerous problem.

What should I do if I do hit a utility line?

If you do hit a utility line, there are several steps you need to take. Clear the surrounding area, keep your distance from the site of the incident, and contact the utility company ASAP.

How far away from utility lines should I stay?

If you have successfully located utility lines, a safety zone will be established, which is typically four feet wide around the location of the line. Do not encroach on these boundaries when you dig.

Find the Utility Locating Equipment You Need

Locating utilities is an imperative part of any construction project. Whether you’re a builder, engineer, or site manager, you need to be sure that you are not at risk of hitting an underground line when you start digging. Calling 811 and using the right equipment can prevent this possibility, and Engineer Supply has all the equipment you need for the job. Call 800-591-8907 or shop for utility locating equipment online.

Best Pipe Locators

#1: Pipehorn 800HL Dual-Frequency Pipe & Cable Locator

This dual-frequency underground utility locator is always recommended over Pipehorn’s single-frequency model. Because it has the 9kHz frequency that’s needed to find utility lines buried deeper underground, it has the range you need to find a number of underground pipes and cables. With its superior high-frequency performance, it's one of the best utility location tools in the industry when direct connect isn’t possible. And for the toughest conductors (such as coated iron pipes with insulated joints or street and parking lot lights), nothing else will sweep an area for unmarked utility lines than this utility locator.

#2: Schonstedt REX - Multi-Frequency Pipe & Cable Locator

This multi-frequency pipe locator by Schonstedt is a great choice for the working professional, because it has the following features:

The transmitter is less than 2 inches thick and weighs less than 4 pounds.

The entire unit fits easily into a custom storage bag.

The receiver and transmitter together weigh under 7 pounds for an ultralight design.

The receiver can retract for easier carrying.

Capable of 512 Hz, 33 kHz, and 82 kHz frequency detection.

Capable of 50/60 Hz passive and 512 Hz sonde detection.

The transmitter comes with rechargeable batteries.

This unit is built for utility professionals in the water, sewer, gas, electric, and telecommunication industries.

#3: Pipehorn 800H Single-Frequency Pipe & Cable Locator

With the ability to detect frequencies of up to 480 kHz, this pipe locator can find utility lines that are buried down to 18 feet deep (depending on the type of connection, the condition of the soil, and how well it can conduct the signal). It also has a fast-response signal strength and a sharp audio tone that allows for precision pinpointing. And with a watertight reinforced receiver wand, it's incredibly durable. The transmitter has a high-impact ABS housing that’s bright yellow, so it’s easier to see.

#4: Schonstedt Loki Utilities Multi-Frequency Pipe and Cable Locator

This utility locator is perfect for “sweeping” a large area to find buried assets quickly and easily. The Schonstedt Loki has a number of features that support the quick and easy detection of underground utility lines. Some of them include but may not be limited to:

The 512 Hz frequency can be used to trace metallic pipes, while the 82 kHz frequency can find hard-to-locate jointed pipes.

The simple mode selection matches the device to the signal type you need to locate.

The Sonde Mode can find a signal being transmitted by a compatible sonde.

The Transmitter Mode can find transmitter signals being imposed on buried utilities.

The Power Mode can find the electromagnetic fields being generated by loaded power cables.

The Dual Mode simultaneously searches for and identifies transmitter and power signals for quicker sweeps.

The ShallowAlert feature will warn you of the possible presence of shallow cables and utility lines in every mode.

The NoiseProtect feature allows you to use the device in areas that are electrically noisy.

Be sure to pick yours up at Engineer Supply today!

#5: Schonstedt Loki Contractor Multi-Frequency Pipe and Cable Locator

With a receiver that weighs 4.9 pounds and a transmitter that weighs 4.0 pounds, this unit is a lightweight tool that’s perfect for finding pipes, cables, and underground utility lines in large areas. It also has a IP54 rating, which makes it resistant to water and dust. The transmitter has a built-in speaker that generates an audio signal, which can be heard over road traffic. The receiver also has a detachable speaker that can double as an earpiece. If you’re looking for an underground utility locator to help you find buried pipes and cables, be sure to look at what we have at Engineer Supply.

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A laser level is an indispensable tool on any construction site. You need to be able to accurately measure the horizontal or vertical orientation of a surface, and a laser level is the ideal tool for doing so. There are so many options and brands and accessories, though…where do you start? If you’re overwhelmed and wondering what the best laser level is, you can start with TopCon. A TopCon laser level is made to be durable, accurate, and versatile.

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THE BEST TOOLS FOR MEASURING DISTANCE

PROS AND CONS OF COMMON TOOLS FOR MEASURING DISTANCES

Is a digital tape measure sufficient for measuring distances, or do you still require more traditional tools to gauge distances accurately and efficiently? As is often the case in construction, the best tool depends on the job itself. Here is a list of some of the most common measuring tools used in construction and the situations in which they are most and least appropriate to use.

1. Digital Tape Measures

A digital tape measure is also called a laser tape measure. It functions by measuring the time that it takes to register a reflected pulse from an outbound laser beam. Working according to the phase shift principle, it instantaneously calculates the distance the beam has traveled. The device then provides you with a digital readout indicating the precise distance.

Digital tape measures are accurate for both short distances and long distances up to 300 feet. They are also portable and easy to use. However, there are limitations as well. Laser tape measures should only be used indoors, and they only work if there is a solid endpoint for them to reflect a beam against. They also will not give an accurate reading when measuring porous materials that absorb light or shiny, reflective surfaces, such as metal or glass.

Browse our assortment of Laser & Digital Tape Measures

2. Measuring Tapes

In situations where a digital tape measure is not up to the job, an old-fashioned measuring tape is more appropriate. There are two types of measuring tapes. Tape measures are portable tools that can clip to a belt and measure maximum distances ranging from 6 feet to 33 feet, depending on tape length. A long tape measures distances between 100 and 300 feet and unspools from a reel.

Measuring tapes are good backups for situations in which other tools won't work. However, they do not yield the most accurate measurements. Also, it is important to get the right measuring tape for the job, as a long tape is less precise for measuring short distances than a tape measure.

Browse our assortment of Tape Measures

3. Measuring Wheels

If you need to measure distances exceeding 300 feet, a measuring wheel is probably your best choice. It consists of a handle attached to a calibrated wheel to measure distance traveled and a counter on which you can read the measurements. You use a measuring wheel by pushing it over the terrain you want measured.

Measuring wheels are accurate for long distances and, unlike other tools for determining distance, aren't limited to measuring only straight lines. They are also accurate up to 10,000 feet. However, a measuring wheel is limited to relatively flat terrain.

Browse our assortment of Measuring Wheels

Whatever the tools you need for the job, Engineer Supply has what you need. Shop our selection of measuring devices and other construction tools.

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Surveying is an essential process for identifying and mapping the position of terrain. It helps with everything from determining land boundaries to ensuring that buildings are constructed according to plan. It is an ancient practice. However, the modern tools and survey equipment available today offer levels of precision that have never before been possible.

Defining Surveying

Surveying is the process of measuring the relative positions of objects near the earth’s surface. It involves making distance and angular measurements. Surveyors use these measurements to calculate the position of objects in three-dimensional space relative to a known point. In addition to using survey instruments, surveyors must be skilled at mathematical calculations. Additionally, surveying often involves constructing maps, cross-sections, diagrams and profiles to record the relevant data.

Why Surveying Is Important

Without surveying, major engineering projects would not be possible. Railways, highways, canals, skyscrapers, bridges and more all rely on surveying to ensure accuracy and efficiency. Although small structures can be built without surveying, large buildings would be nearly impossible without it. Imagine two people trying to make a mile-long road together, each one starts a different endpoint of the road. If they build towards each other, it would be almost impossible to properly link up in the middle without surveying. Any structure that is built on the land requires good surveying to ensure accuracy.

Types and Methods of Surveying

Surveying can be classified in a few ways. There are two types of surveying and several methods. Surveys can also be classified by the type of instruments used.

Types of Surveying

Geodetic surveying is the type that treats the earth as a sphere. This is more complex but typically only necessary for large areas. It is more common with projects to gather accurate geographical and topographical information for a large area. Most construction projects do not require this. Plane surveying is a simpler type that treats the surface of the earth as a flat surface. The curvature of the earth is so slight that only the largest projects require geodetic surveying. In many cases, it is simpler and nearly as accurate to neglect the spheroid shape.

Classification Based on Method/Nature of the Survey

Surveying can also be categorized based on the method used. These are some of the common methods of surveying:

Astronomical involves mapping sections of the sky using telescopes.

Boundary is used to find, measure and mark the boundaries of sections of land (typically for ownership purposes).

Construction is used to correctly layout key points of a construction or engineering project.

Control is used to find the correct positioning is an arbitrary point.

Hydrographic is surveying used for bodies of water to aid navigation, underwater construction and water supply management.

Mining is land surveying used to locate and map underground and surface features for mining operations.

Photogrammetric utilizes aerial photography to rapidly and accurately determine the position of objects.

Route provides controls and data necessary for constructing transportation routes such as railroads, highways and canals.

Topographic measures the position and configuration of terrain to create topographical maps.

Classification Based on the

Survey Instruments

There are a number of pieces of equipment used by surveyors. Many techniques are derived from using certain instruments. In many cases, two or more instruments will be used in conjunction.

Chain: A chain is one of the oldest and simplest methods of making measurements. Distances can be measured using the chain’s length. Angles can either be measured directly or calculated by moving one end of the chain by a known distance. Typically, the area to be surveyed is divided into triangles for effective surveying.

Compass: Using a prismatic compass, surveyors can measure angles effectively. This is typically combined with a chain to take distance measurements.

Photographic: Either land or aerial photography can be used to capture information about an area rapidly. In some cases, this may be combined with measurements of reference points to help determine the relative positioning of all the photographic data.

Plane Table: A plane table allows for fast surveying by plotting parts of the plan simultaneously. It is not the most accurate method. The plane table is used to transfer angular information from measurements to the plan.

Theodolite: A theodolite is a precise angle measuring tool. The device is zeroed using a reference point then horizontal and vertical angles can be easily calculated by pointing the targeting lens at the desired object. It is used with a chain to measure distances. However, the total station has largely replaced the theodolite.

Tacheometer: This is a special form of theodolite that has a stadia diaphragm and an anallatic lens. This eliminates the need for a chain because the distance can be calculated using the diaphragm. This method has been almost completely replaced by using a total station.

Total Station: This is a theodolite with an electronic distance measuring system. With the EDM, the distances can be measured without a chain. This can allow a single surveyor to capture much more information in a faster timeframe.

Measurements and Leveling

Distance measurements can be taken using electronic or chain measuring tools. However, they can also be calculated using trigonometry, particularly the Pythagorean theorem. Typically, angles are measuring using precision tools using the sexagesimal system. This divides a full circle into 360 degrees. Each degree can be divided into 60 minutes and each minute can be divided into 60 seconds. This makes a full circle 1,296,000 seconds, a very accurate system. Leveling is achieved by combining a spirit level or electronic level on an optic level. This is used to sight leveling rods to determine the relative heights of different areas of land. Sometimes GPS or an altimeter is used for larger-scale leveling.

Order Survey Supplies Today

If you are ready to start surveying, order your survey equipment from Engineer Supply. We have a broad selection of tools including total stations, theodolites, levels and much more. You can find everything you need for a basic project or a high-precision survey.

Frequently Asked Questions

Where Can I Buy Good-Quality Survey Equipment?

You can order all types of equipment for surveying from Engineer Supply. We have measuring tools, supplies for plans and blueprints, tripods, transportation equipment and much more. You can even find tools for your construction project after the survey is complete.

What Is a Theodolite?

It is a high-precision tool used for measuring angles while surveying. It is one of the central pieces of equipment used in modern surveying. Typically, total stations are used which combine a theodolite with an electronic distance measuring system. This makes surveying faster and easier.

What Types of Survey Equipment Do I Need To Get Started?

The most basic form of surveying can be done with just a distance chain and compass. However, most surveyors prefer to use total stations or theodolites and chains. In short, it depends on how accurate you need to be and what the environment is.

What Projects Require Surveying?

Any project that will require an accurate understanding of the land should include surveying. The most common examples are engineering projects such as construction or civil engineering. However, surveying may also be used for cartography or scientific data collection. Surveying is also often used in underground projects such as mining and archeology.

What Education Do Surveyors Need?

There are two main types of surveyors. Licensed surveyors usually need a university degree in surveying and need to meet the licensure requirements of their jurisdictions (often training and test). They can determine the legal boundaries of a plat for land. Engineering surveyors can only survey within an established property. They only need a certificate or on-the-job training.

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A total station is a type of digital theodolites that integrates the angle-measuring tool with electronic distance measurement functionality. They are almost essential to modern surveying. Understanding how to properly set up and use a total station can help you to get more from your purchase.