#AircraftComponents
Explore tagged Tumblr posts
Text
Aircraft Gearbox Market - Forecast(2025 - 2031)
Aircraft Gearbox Market Overview:

Request sample:
One of the major trends is use of advanced ceramic in aircraft. Ceramics excel due to their exceptional hardness, providing outstanding wear resistance, crucial for applications like gears facing constant friction. Their remarkable thermal stability allows them to function reliably in high-temperature environments. Furthermore, their inherent corrosion resistance makes them suitable for use in challenging chemical conditions, offering a significant advantage over many metals. As per KYOCERA Corporation, fine Ceramics exhibited significantly less abrasion, demonstrating approximately 90% reduction compared to stainless steel samples. Leveraging ceramics unique properties allows manufacturers to significantly enhance gearbox performance, efficiency, and reliability. Continued research and development will further drive even wider adoption of ceramics in future aircraft gearboxes. Another trend is additive manufacturing. Additive Manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, is emerging as a transformative technology within the aircraft gearbox market. This revolutionary technique offers significant advantages over traditional manufacturing methods, enabling the creation of complex geometries with unprecedented precision and efficiency.
Aircraft Gearbox Market — Report Coverage:
The “Aircraft Gearbox Market Report — Forecast (2024–2030)” by IndustryARC, covers an in-depth analysis of the following segments in the Aircraft Gearbox Market.
Attribute
Segment
By Gearbox Type
· Accessory Gearbox (AGB)
· Reduction Gearbox (RGB)
· Actuation Gearbox
· Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) Gearbox
· Tail Rotor Gearbox
By Power Rating
· Low Power
· Medium Power
· High Power
By Material Type
· Aluminium Alloys
· Steel
· Titanium Alloys
· Composites
By Aircraft Type
· Commercial Aircraft
· Military Aircraft
· Helicopters
· General Aviation
· Business Jets
By Application
· Turbofan Engines
· Turboprop Engines
· Helicopters
· Tiltrotor Aircraft
· Other
By Geography
· North America (U.S., Canada and Mexico)
· Europe (Germany, France, UK, Italy, Spain, Russia and Rest of Europe),
· Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia & New Zealand and Rest of Asia-Pacific),
· South America (Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia and Rest of South America)
· Rest of the World (Middle East and Africa).
COVID-19 / Ukraine Crisis — Impact Analysis:
The COVID-19 pandemic had a large impact on the aircraft gearbox market due to larger effects realized in the aviation sector. The pandemic situation could bring an imminent decline in air travel across the globe in various situations such as lockdown, travel restrictions, and low passenger confidence. This resulted in lower revenues of airlines and a subsequent reduction in orders for new aircraft; aircraft gearboxes would be directly hit under this condition. Major aircraft manufacturers like Boeing and Airbus reduced or delayed aircraft production, thus indirectly impacting demand for gearboxes within commercial and military aircraft. Until the gradual rebound of flying across the world, recovery in the aircraft gearbox market hereby materialized, but very slow, especially in international and long-haul travel segments. Regarding the production and MRO activities, new orders would arise, which will, in turn, ensure an increased demand for gearboxes as airlines return to profitability.
Inquiry Before Buying:
• The Russia-Ukraine war has affected the global aircraft gearbox market due to geopolitical, economic, and industry value chain causes. Both Russia and Ukraine are major suppliers of critical raw materials for aerospace manufacturing, including but not limited to titanium, aluminum, and steel. Disruptions to supplies of these materials have led to the impact of aircraft parts production, including gearboxes. Such aircraft gearbox manufacturers experienced delays, increases in price, and complication in supply chain due to the restricted access to some raw materials, which mean a limited number remains available to production. Furthermore, western sanctions against Russia worsen the problems for the supply chains as there is reduced ability to move materials and parts from Russia to global markets. Since several years, some aircraft gearbox manufacturers are facing problems with regard to the supply of specific raw materials and parts, especially in Europe and the U.S.; hence, production processes have been delayed. Key Takeaways:
North America dominates the market
North America, in the aircraft gearbox market, accounted for 35% of the market share in 2023. A robust aerospace industry with advanced innovative capabilities, leading defense spending, as well as high demand for both commercial and military aircraft, are some of the primary factors that attribute to the dominance in the aircraft gearbox market. United States is one of the global military leaders, with more resources channeled into its defense budget compared to any other country. The President’s requested DoD budget for FY2024 is $842 billion, an increase of $26 billion, or 3.2% over the enacted base level of $816 billion for FY2023. The DoD budget request has grown by almost $100 billion or 13.4%, from FY2022 to FY2024. This huge investment directly drives demand for military aircraft, such as helicopters, fighter jets, and UAVs. Gearboxes are integral components in such platforms and contribute significantly to their functioning. In general, the defense sector reflects a major market driver for aircraft gearboxes used in rotorcraft and fixed-wing aircraft.
Shedule A Call :
Medium Power dominated the market
This range of medium power dominates the aircraft gearbox market because it has a versatile application in a wide variety of aircraft, from commercial to military aviation, where these rating-powered engines are more frequently used. Gearboxes within this range are critical for power transmission management-the engine and other vital systems such as rotor blades or propellers-optimize the performance of the engine and fuel economy. These are also typical for commercial and military segments of aircraft. This particular power range proved to be well-suited for medium to large aircraft, providing an optimal combination of power output and fuel efficiency. Within this power rating fall quite a few aircraft types that may also include regional jet engines, helicopters, and some military transport planes. The variety of gearboxes within different aircraft allows this segment ranging from 1500–3000 kW to adapt to various aircraft designs. The CT7 Engine of GE provides the usual power range of 1500–3000 kW in military and civilian helicopters, including Sikorsky S-92. In short, medium power is certainly dominating the aircraft gearbox market, as it coincides with the power demand of all commercial and military aircraft, specifically the helicopters.
Titanium alloy dominates the market
Titanium alloys dominate the aircraft gearbox market due to their exceptional combination of properties such as high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent corrosion resistance, high-temperature resistance, and outstanding fatigue and stress resistance. Ti-6Al-4V, often referred to as the ‘workhorse’ of the titanium industry, is the most widely used titanium alloy, accounting for over 50% of global consumption. This versatile material, with a service temperature limit of approximately 350°C (660°F), exhibits high strength, light weight, excellent formability, and superior corrosion resistance, making it a global standard in aerospace applications. Ti-6Al-4V finds extensive use in various critical aerospace components, including aircraft turbine engine components, structural elements, fasteners, and high-performance automotive parts. Its exceptional properties are particularly crucial for high-stress, load-bearing applications within gearboxes, such as shafts, bearings, and casings. By incorporating titanium alloys, manufacturers can ensure that transmission systems in aircraft like the Boeing 787, Airbus A350, and military helicopters such as the UH-60 Black Hawk operate efficiently and reliably for extended periods.
Buy Now:
Growing New Aircraft Deliveries Drives the Market
Increasing aircraft deliveries remain the principal driver for growth in the market for aircraft gearboxes, driven mainly by the global demand for commercial, military, and regional aircraft. With airlines maintaining the pace of expansion and modernization and their defense forces pursuing fleet renewals, demand for efficient, lightweight, and reliable gearbox systems has increased significantly. Spurred by the economic growth of continents like Asia-Pacific, North America, and Europe, the growing amount of air traffic worldwide has been floated by record new aircraft orders. According to The Economic Times, Airbus SE, the European plane maker, hauled in 2,094 net plane orders in 2023 in an aviation boom. The increase in demand by a growing percentage shows higher passenger traffic, as airlines prepare for more journeys by air. Additionally, most airlines are replacing older fleets with new fuel-efficient models to cut down operating expenses and also meet the increasing environmental regulations. Modern aircraft come fitted with advanced gearboxes that play an important role in reducing weight and further optimizing fuel efficiency. With this trend, increasing aircraft deliveries tend to have a positive correlation with the direct impact on the aircraft gearbox market, hence giving one indication of the importance of these parts in performance and sustainability for the next decade’s aircraft.
High Costs and Complexity to Hamper the Market
High cost and the complexity of designing, manufacturing, and maintaining gearbox systems remain paramount challenges to the aircraft gearbox market. It is a very important device in an engine and considered a key component in propulsion because it requires highly precise engineering skills and strict rigorous safety standards. Due to its high costs and complicated design, creates a serious challenge to manufacturers, suppliers, and operators throughout the aerospace industry. According to Jetline Marvel, Rolls-Royce invested $94 million to build a specialized engine test bed. The site simulated various weather conditions while also having high levels of foreign particulate injections to provide developers with a detailed look at the performance of the engine under extreme conditions. Additionally, the aircraft gearbox market faces stringent regulation, requiring dual certification by the FAA and EASA. This necessitates extensive testing, rigorous documentation, and meticulous adherence to stringent conformance requirements. These high costs and complexities can limit market entry for new players, stifle innovation, and ultimately increase the overall cost of aircraft ownership and operation.
Key Market Players:
The top 10 companies in this industry are listed below: 1. Safran SA 2. Liebherr Aerospace 3. Rexnord Aerospace 4. Triumph Group 5. Aero Gear 6. GE Aviation 7. PBS Group, a. s 8. RTX 9. Israel Aerospace Industries 10. AAR Corp
By Gearbox Type, By Power Rating, By Material Type, By Aircraft Type, By Application and By Geography.
Geographies Covered
North America (U.S., Canada and Mexico), Europe (Germany, France, UK, Italy, Spain, Russia and Rest of Europe), Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia & New Zealand and Rest of Asia-Pacific), South America (Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia and Rest of South America), Rest of the World (Middle East and Africa).
Key Market Players
1. Safran SA
2. Liebherr Aerospace
3. Rexnord Aerospace
4. Triumph Group
5. Aero Gear
6. GE Aviation
7. PBS Group, a. s
8. RTX
9. Israel Aerospace Industries
10. AAR Corp
For more Aerospace and Defense Market reports, please click here
#AircraftGearbox#AerospaceIndustry#AviationTechnology#AircraftComponents#AerospaceEngineering#AviationMarket#AircraftMaintenance#AerospaceManufacturing
0 notes
Text
🚀 The Indian Government has standardized a 5% tax on all aircraft engine parts to boost the domestic Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) industry. This uniform tax replaces the previous varied rates of 5%, 12%, 18%, and 28%, making it easier for the industry to thrive and support the aviation sector's growth. ✈️
#topcrewaviation#topcrewaviationschool#aviation#captainpkumar#aviationupdates#mroindustry#aircraftmaintenance#taxreform#aviationgrowth#indianaviation#engineparts#aircraftrepair#maintenanceoverhaul#aviationnews#aviationpolicy#aviationsector#mroservices#aircraftengineering#domesticmro#aviationeconomy#indiaaviation#aircraftcomponents
0 notes
Text
𝐀𝐞𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐈𝐧𝐧𝐨𝐯𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐔𝐧𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐡𝐞𝐝: 𝐂𝐮𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠-𝐄𝐝𝐠𝐞 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐮𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 In the realm of aerospace, where every detail counts towards performance and safety, our commitment stands firm. We pride ourselves on being your premier partner for superior aerospace components, seamlessly merging innovation with reliability. We bring to the table a portfolio of precision-engineered components and systems designed to High-Precision Components for Enhanced Aerospace Safety. Our dedication to quality ensures that each component not only meets but exceeds the rigorous standards of the aerospace industry. 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐰𝐞 𝐝𝐨? Avalon Technologies manufactures complex sheet metal assemblies, machining components, injection molded plastics and cable harnesses for applications in the Aerospace sector. 𝐖𝐡𝐲 𝐂𝐡𝐨𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐔𝐬? 𝐔𝐧𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐬𝐞𝐝 𝐐𝐮𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲: Each component undergoes stringent quality checks to guarantee unparalleled performance. 𝐓𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬: We understand the uniqueness of each requirement. Our team works closely with you to provide components that fit your specific needs. 𝐒𝐚𝐟𝐞𝐭𝐲 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭: Your safety is our priority. We ensure that our components enhance the safety and reliability of your aircraft, giving you peace of mind in the skies. Avalon is proud to exhibit our products and solutions at Aircraft interiors EXPO 2024 at Hamburg Messe, Germany from 28th to 30th May 2024 Let's embark on a journey towards aerospace excellence together. Partner with us and experience our Advanced Engineering in High Precision Components for the Aerospace industry. https://www.avalontec.com/ Srikanth T V Avalon Technologies Limited Sienna Corporation Sienna ECAD Technologies Private Limited
#AerospaceInnovation#AerospaceEngineering#HighPrecisionComponents#AerospaceSafety#AerospaceTechnology#AdvancedEngineering#AircraftInteriorsExpo2024#AvalonTechnologies#AerospaceManufacturing#EngineeringExcellence#AerospaceIndustry#SafetyFirst hashtag#TailoredSolutions#AviationComponents#AircraftComponents#AerospaceExcellence#AerospaceSolutions#AerospaceComponentsg#AerospaceExpo#AviationSafety
1 note
·
View note
Text
Aircraft Engine Market Size 2024 Research Report by Global Growth Rate, Development Strategy, Recent Trends, and Regional Demand till 2030

The qualitative report published by Exactitude Consultancy research on the “Aircraft Engine Market offers an in-depth examination of the current trends, latest expansions, conditions, market size, various drivers, limitations, and key players along with their profile details. The Aircraft Engine market report offers the historical data for 2018 to 2023 and also makes available the forecast data from the year 2024 to 2030 which is based on revenue. With the help of all this information research report helps the Market contributors to expand their market positions. With the benefit of all these explanations, this market research report recommends a business strategy for present market participants to strengthen their role in the market. This report analyzes the impact of the Covid 19 pandemic on the Aircraft Engine Market from a Global and Regional perspective.
The global Aircraft Engine Market is expected to grow at a 2.78% CAGR from 2024 to 2030. It is expected to reach above USD 80.5 by billion 2030 from USD 62.4 billion in 2023.
For The Full Report Click here: https://exactitudeconsultancy.com/reports/12340/aircraft-engine-market/
#AircraftEngine#AviationTechnology#JetEngine#AeroEngines#AircraftManufacturing#AviationIndustry#AircraftPower#JetPropulsion#TurbineEngine#AerospaceEngineering#CommercialAviation#MilitaryAviation#AviationInnovation#AircraftMaintenance#FlightTechnology#AircraftPerformance#AviationSafety#AircraftDesign#AircraftComponents#FutureOfAviation
0 notes
Text
Aerospace Accumulators: $4.3B Market by 2034 – Powering the Skies!
Aerospace Accumulator Market is a critical sector driving aircraft efficiency, safety, and performance. These hydraulic and pneumatic accumulators play a vital role in energy storage, shock absorption, and pressure maintenance, ensuring smooth operations in commercial, military, and space applications. With the rise of next-gen aviation technologies, the demand for lightweight, high-performance accumulators is soaring.
To Request Sample Report : https://www.globalinsightservices.com/request-sample/?id=GIS33027 &utm_source=SnehaPatil&utm_medium=Article
📊 Market Growth & Key Insights
✅ Hydraulic accumulators lead due to their efficiency in energy storage & pressure control. ✅ Pneumatic accumulators gain traction, valued for their lightweight & maintenance-free design. ✅ North America dominates, driven by aerospace innovation & military aircraft modernization. ✅ Europe follows, emphasizing sustainable aviation & next-gen aerospace technologies. ✅ Asia-Pacific emerges as a key player, with China & India investing heavily in aerospace expansion.
🔍 Market Segmentation & Trends
🔹 Type: Hydraulic, Pneumatic, Bladder, Piston, Diaphragm 🔹 Technology: Smart Accumulators, Energy-Efficient Solutions, Composite Materials 🔹 Application: Commercial Aviation, Military Aircraft, Space Exploration, UAVs 🔹 Key Players: Parker Hannifin, Eaton Corporation, HYDAC Technology
🚀 Future Outlook & Challenges
The Aerospace Accumulator Market is on a growth trajectory, fueled by hybrid-electric aircraft, AI-driven diagnostics, and smart technologies. Regulatory bodies like FAA & EASA shape innovation, ensuring safety & compliance. However, raw material price volatility & stringent safety regulations pose challenges. The integration of next-gen materials & AI-driven maintenance is set to redefine aerospace performance & sustainability.
#aerospaceengineering #aviationtechnology #aircraftperformance #hydraulicsystems #aviationsafety #militaryaircraft #uavtechnology #spaceexploration #nextgenaviation #flightinnovation #energyoptimization #aircraftcomponents #sustainableaviation #aviationgrowth #flightmechanics #compositematerials #aviationtrends #smartaviation #aircraftmaintenance #futureofaviation #flighttech #aviationmanufacturing #militarytech #pressurecontrol #aviationindustry #defensetechnology #aviationinnovation #aircraftengineering #aviationstandards #faaapproved #aviationdevelopment #hybridaircraft #electricaviation #autonomousflight #aviationsystems
Research Scope:
· Estimates and forecast the overall market size for the total market, across type, application, and region
· Detailed information and key takeaways on qualitative and quantitative trends, dynamics, business framework, competitive landscape, and company profiling
· Identify factors influencing market growth and challenges, opportunities, drivers, and restraints
· Identify factors that could limit company participation in identified international markets to help properly calibrate market share expectations and growth rates
· Trace and evaluate key development strategies like acquisitions, product launches, mergers, collaborations, business expansions, agreements, partnerships, and R&D activities
About Us:
Global Insight Services (GIS) is a leading multi-industry market research firm headquartered in Delaware, US. We are committed to providing our clients with highest quality data, analysis, and tools to meet all their market research needs. With GIS, you can be assured of the quality of the deliverables, robust & transparent research methodology, and superior service.
Contact Us:
Global Insight Services LLC 16192, Coastal Highway, Lewes DE 19958 E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +1–833–761–1700 Website: https://www.globalinsightservices.com/
0 notes
Text
Clear Skies Ahead: Aerospace Filters Market to Expand to $6.4B by 2033 🌍☁️
Aerospace Filters Market is projected to grow from $3.5 billion in 2023 to $6.4 billion by 2033, with a CAGR of 5.5%. As aviation technology advances, the demand for high-performance filtration systems continues to rise, ensuring aircraft efficiency, safety, and durability.
To Request Sample Report: https://www.globalinsightservices.com/request-sample/?id=GIS25924 &utm_source=SnehaPatil&utm_medium=Article
🔍 Why Aerospace Filters Matter? Aerospace filters play a crucial role in maintaining optimal performance across commercial, military, and private aircraft. These components help: ✅ Enhance Fuel Efficiency — Preventing contaminants from affecting fuel systems, ensuring smooth engine operation. ✅ Improve Air Quality — Cabin air filters eliminate pollutants, allergens, and bacteria, providing a safe & comfortable environment for passengers. ✅ Extend Component Life — Hydraulic and oil filters prevent wear & tear in aircraft engines and mechanical systems. ✅ Ensure Flight Safety — Avionics filters protect electronic systems from electromagnetic interference (EMI), preventing malfunctions.
🔧 Key Aerospace Filter Types 🔹 Fuel Filters — Ensure clean fuel flow, preventing engine failure & inefficiency. 🔹 Oil Filters — Remove contaminants from lubrication systems, enhancing engine longevity. 🔹 Hydraulic Filters — Maintain fluid purity in landing gear, brakes, and control systems. 🔹 Cabin Air Filters — Improve passenger experience by ensuring clean, breathable air. 🔹 Avionics Filters — Shield electronic systems from electromagnetic interference.
🌍 Market Insights & Regional Growth 📌 North America — Leading due to strong aerospace manufacturing & stringent safety regulations. 📌 Europe — Driven by green aviation initiatives & advanced aircraft production. 📌 Asia-Pacific — Rapid growth fueled by increasing air travel & military investments.
🏆 Key Industry Players Companies like Donaldson Company, Pall Corporation, Safran, and Parker Hannifin are driving innovations in high-efficiency aerospace filtration technologies.
🔮 Future Outlook With the aviation industry focusing on sustainability, performance optimization, and enhanced passenger safety, aerospace filters will play an even bigger role in the future of air travel.
#AerospaceFilters #AviationTechnology #AircraftSafety #FlightEfficiency #AirlineInnovation #HydraulicFilters #FuelEfficiency #CabinAirQuality #DefenseTechnology #MilitaryAircraft #CommercialAviation #Avionics #OilFilters #CleanAirTravel #GreenAviation #AirTravelSafety #FiltrationTechnology #NextGenAircraft #AerospaceIndustry #AviationMaintenance #AircraftComponents #TechInAviation #AerospaceEngineering #SustainableAviation #AviationSolutions
Research Scope:
· Estimates and forecast the overall market size for the total market, across type, application, and region
· Detailed information and key takeaways on qualitative and quantitative trends, dynamics, business framework, competitive landscape, and company profiling
· Identify factors influencing market growth and challenges, opportunities, drivers, and restraints
· Identify factors that could limit company participation in identified international markets to help properly calibrate market share expectations and growth rates
· Trace and evaluate key development strategies like acquisitions, product launches, mergers, collaborations, business expansions, agreements, partnerships, and R&D activities
About Us:
Global Insight Services (GIS) is a leading multi-industry market research firm headquartered in Delaware, US. We are committed to providing our clients with highest quality data, analysis, and tools to meet all their market research needs. With GIS, you can be assured of the quality of the deliverables, robust & transparent research methodology, and superior service.
Contact Us:
Global Insight Services LLC 16192, Coastal Highway, Lewes DE 19958 E-mail: [email protected] Phone: +1–833–761–1700 Website: https://www.globalinsightservices.com/
0 notes
Photo

Nufit Piping Solutions - Manufacturer, exporter & supplier of Magnesium Alloy AZ91D Sheet & Plate. Magnesium Alloy AZ91 alloy remains one of the most popular cast type alloys due to its high strength, excellent corrosion resistance and good castability The low density of Magnesium Alloys allows for significant weight reduction in product development, making them strong candidates for applications in the aerospace, automotive and medical sectors. Magnesium Alloys have been used to an extent in aircraft and helicopter components such as gearbox housings, compressor and filter casings, canopy and brackets. One of the most prominent current applications is that of magnesium transmission and gear housings. Above plate is Magnesium Alloy ASTM B90 AZ91D plate Size 25 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm and 75 mm thickness for our client for defense applications For more details, kindly visit us at https://www.nufitpiping.com/magnesium-alloy-sheet-plate-coil-manufacturer-supplier.html For your requirement, mail us at [email protected] #MagnesiumAlloy #magnesiumalloyplate #magnesiumalloysheet #az91 #az91d #magnesium #magnesiumalloyaz91 #AZ91Plate #magplate #magnesiumalloymanufacturer #az91exporter #lightalloy #weightreduction #defexpo #defexpo2022 #aerospace #aerospaceengineering #militaryapplications #aircraftcomponents #helicoptercomponents #manufacturer #exporter #nufit #nufitpipingsolutions #india #ınstagood #instadaily #instalike #newpost (at Gandhinagar, Gujarat) https://www.instagram.com/p/Cj8weOIrt1q/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=
#magnesiumalloy#magnesiumalloyplate#magnesiumalloysheet#az91#az91d#magnesium#magnesiumalloyaz91#az91plate#magplate#magnesiumalloymanufacturer#az91exporter#lightalloy#weightreduction#defexpo#defexpo2022#aerospace#aerospaceengineering#militaryapplications#aircraftcomponents#helicoptercomponents#manufacturer#exporter#nufit#nufitpipingsolutions#india#ınstagood#instadaily#instalike#newpost
0 notes
Photo

N44915 by michael lancaster on Flickr.
#oldplanes#vintageaircraft#aircraftcomponents#abandonedairports#ArizonaPlanes#ScrapMetal#N44195#junkedaircraft
3 notes
·
View notes