#Cherokee Nuclear Power Plant

[noconcessions]

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 6.27 (before 1960)

1358 – The Republic of Ragusa is founded. 1497 – Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England. 1499 – Amerigo Vespucci sights what is now Amapá State in Brazil. 1556 – The thirteen Stratford Martyrs are burned at the stake near London for their Protestant beliefs. 1743 – In the Battle of Dettingen, George II becomes the last reigning British monarch to participate in a battle. 1760 – Anglo-Cherokee War: Cherokee warriors defeat British forces at the Battle of Echoee near present-day Otto, North Carolina. 1806 – British forces take Buenos Aires during the first of the British invasions of the River Plate. 1844 – Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, and his brother Hyrum Smith, are killed by a mob at the Carthage, Illinois jail. 1864 – American Civil War: Confederate forces defeat Union forces during the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain during the Atlanta Campaign. 1895 – The inaugural run of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's Royal Blue from Washington, D.C., to New York City, the first U.S. passenger train to use electric locomotives. 1898 – The first solo circumnavigation of the globe is completed by Joshua Slocum from Briar Island, Nova Scotia. 1905 – During the Russo-Japanese War, sailors start a mutiny aboard the Russian battleship Potemkin. 1914 – The Illinois Monument is dedicated at Cheatham Hill in what is now the Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park. 1927 – Prime Minister of Japan Tanaka Giichi convenes an eleven-day conference to discuss Japan's strategy in China. The Tanaka Memorial, a forged plan for world domination, is later claimed to be a secret report leaked from this conference. 1928 – The Rovaniemi township decree was promulgated, as a result of which Rovaniemi seceded from the old rural municipality as its own market town on January 1, 1929. 1941 – Romanian authorities launch one of the most violent pogroms in Jewish history in the city of Iași, resulting in the murder of at least 13,266 Jews. 1941 – World War II: German troops capture the city of Białystok during Operation Barbarossa. 1944 – World War II: Mogaung is the first place in Burma to be liberated from the Japanese by British Chindits, supported by the Chinese. 1946 – In the Canadian Citizenship Act, the Parliament of Canada establishes the definition of Canadian citizenship. 1950 – The United States decides to send troops to fight in the Korean War. 1954 – The Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant, the Soviet Union's first nuclear power station, opens in Obninsk, near Moscow. 1954 – The FIFA World Cup quarterfinal match between Hungary and Brazil, highly anticipated to be exciting, instead turns violent, with three players ejected and further fighting continuing after the game. 1957 – Hurricane Audrey makes landfall near the Texas–Louisiana border, killing over 400 people, mainly in and around Cameron, Louisiana.

[gaphic]

hit me with them hot homeschooling takes my good bro

my hot takes were NOT optional but i’m glad someone is brave enough to step up 

hot take the first: due to basic math, my mom was able to give me and my little brother (2 children) DRASTICALLY more individual attention than any public school teacher (25-30 children) ever was. if we didn’t understand something she was able to commit the entire day to puzzling it out, because she didn’t have other classes or students to worry about. until i entered public school i never worried about ‘stupid questions’ or stressed about tests because she had the time to be there for me. there was no schedule to stifle us, either. i was never made to sit with a lesson i already knew, waiting for my classmates to finish the mandated work so we could MOVE ON ALREADY, and i was never rushed through something before i completely got it. in public school i begged to retake algebra because i didn’t understand it fully, and i was refused because i technically passed the class. with my mom, i would’ve retaken that course however many times it took, and stopped when i was comfortable with the material, not a second before 

the second: that thing about lack of oversight allowing evangelistic parents to pick and choose creationist-friendly textbooks? it works in reverse, too. my mom was able to pick history textbooks that weren’t soul-stiflingly boring and jingoistic. when i started going to an underfunded public school in the deep south, i already had a more comprehensive knowledge of history than most of my classmates GRADUATED with. i learned about cherokee, sioux, and navajo history individually, while many of the kids in my town were learning that the civil war was about ‘states rights.’ and that’s just history! my science classes included walking around my neighborhood with my mom, making detailed, labelled diagrams of our local plants and learning about which ones were edible or toxic. my mom even did her best to teach me about classical music, which neither of us understood, but hey, public school didn’t bother to fund the arts at all! 

the third: relating to my first point, i also had way more free time than any of my friends. WAY more. my school day was over in less than 4 hours. i never had to wake up before sunrise to catch a bus, i could eat while i did my work, i could go to the bathroom whenever i wanted, i could work outside if it was nice out, i could drag my feet and whine and bitch because ‘i dont WANNA do math today!’ and i would still be finished before my friends got home from school, and have the rest of the day to Be A Kid And Play

the fourth: as you may have noticed above, I Had Friends. i don’t know where this idea comes from that homeschooled kids are totally cloistered and deprived of all socialization? i mean, i’m sure SOME are, because they have shitty fundamentalist parents, but. i grew up in a neighborhood? where other children lived? and i played with them all the time. i had plenty friends. in FACT

the fifth: i had better socialization than you. yeah, this one is controversial, but hot fucking take: i don’t actually think it’s great for childrens social development to lock them into a system where their peers are almost exclusively within 1 year of their age, and every adult they come into contact with is an explicit authority figure. 

as long as i can remember, i have been praised for my ability to talk to anyone. not so much now, because i’m an adult and other adults generally don’t expect me to defer to them like they used to, but when i was a kid? people were stunned at my ability to hold a conversation with a grownup, and equally impressed with my ability to interact with much younger children. before i went to public school, before my anxiety got bad, i had a drastically different view of adults as a social class, a view i wish i was able to preserve through that time. it’s hard to articulate now, because it’s not that i was under any misconceptions about the power they wielded over me, but... i considered them equals? in a way my public-schooled friends did not

NB4 ‘BUT THATS NOT THE CASE FOR EVERYONE’ yeah i know i know i know. i know my family is unusually privileged in that my mom was able to stay at home to teach us instead of working. what i’m saying isn’t ‘everyone should homeschool’ or even ‘everyone CAN homeschool,’ what i’m saying is ‘the format of homeschooling provides unique opportunities.’ some parents will abuse those opportunities, but that isn’t the formats fault. it’s the fault of the parents, and the nuclear family culture that treats children as the legal property of their parents, and those things should not be conflated 

[architectureofdoom]

The Cherokee Nuclear Power Plant is an uncompleted energy project outside Gaffney, South Carolina. In the early 1970s, Duke Power started construction on a three-reactor nuclear power plant at the site. However, the project stalled due to economic problems by the early 1980s, leading to the project's eventual abandonment. In 1987, the power plant was the site of an underwater film studio built by Hollywood director James Cameron, for the film The Abyss.

[inadiaryofwood]

Live the life of your true ancestors and honor the rest

**** I hate commas and think accidental word changes are for reasons

Hey, I finally know "what I am" or "where my family is from". I look different, we all do, and I get the question of if I'm eastern European or "from somewhere else" all the time. I'm an alien, okay maybe not let's not go there. But I've done in debt research mostly through listening to the only elders in my family I know, and those who knew my family. I am “white/caucassion” with blue eyes and almost blonde hair. I do not look “Native American” but I am the purest form of that. Where did I come from before, that’s another chapter.

My 102 your old grandma says she does not know anyone in our family NOT from Arkansas on that side. They were homesteaders out of need. They were hungry sometimes. They canned food and worked at the cannery. They cured meat. They survived in to very old age. There was at least one, maybe two cherokee women in this family. Most men were in the military. My father was in Vietnam which many of you may know. It has effected my life in a major way.

My mothers family is from Pennsylvania/West Virginia from my understanding. My grandfather was a nuclear physicist in WW2 and was on the boat when peace papers were signed in Japan. They lived on a nuclear power plant for awhile, everyone got some kind of autoimmune disease or mental illness (which I now know can be one in the same). Everyone is dead including my mother at a young age and with the exception of some cousins I’m not ready to connect with yet as well as my uncle who is not okay and I don't share his story with many. They were GOOD people, too smart for their own good. I don't know how their people got here. There is at least one Cherokee woman on this side too. My mother was tan, green eyes and dark brown/black hair. 

Who knows before that. So when I say I'm Native American, I mean I'm Native American. I eat liver, sardines, buffalo, complex grains, and almost wild vegetables. I understand true medicine on a molecular and energetic level. I don't always live in the present because I actually can FEEL, Smell, touch, see my past and I can also see my future which is malleable. My mother thought she was psychic. I am not ready to explore any of this yet. I am ready to be stable enough to use my crazy brain effectively for good. 

It all matters. 

[americaistheoldworld]

Black History month is Blackamoor History.

Refrigerated trucks

Friends, the refrigerated truck was invented by a Moor (black) by the name of Frederick Mckinley Jones. He holds over 60 patents under his belt. Thanks to the refrigerated truck we enjoy fresh foods that are shipped all over this country. When you go to the grocery store 90% of the foods that you see were shipped by way of refrigerated truck.

Inventor of the GPS

Dr. Gladys West invented the Global Positioning System (GPS). This is very significance family because GPS is a important aspect of satellites, as far as tracking goes. The military uses GPS in all of its guided weapons. The US Air force honored Dr. Gladys West at the pentagon.

Invented the dot com

If you have a personal computer and internet service, please thank Moors for our contributions, because Dr. Mark Dean invented the Personal computer, color monitor, and the Supercomputer chip; Dr. Philip Emeagwali invented the internet; and this brother whose post I am sharing, Dr. Emmit McHenry, created the .com. Family and friends between these three brothers we are owed credit for inventing the modern computer era, but because of white supremacy the only names you will hear is Steve Jobs and Bill Gates when it was these brothers technology that their empires were built on. E-commerce (internet/electronic commerce) is a multi-trillion dollar industry that Moors created for the world, but this technology was mostly invented to wake up our people. The internet is the nail in the coffin for white supremacy. Peace.

Inventor of Cell phone tech

Jesse Eugene Russell invented Digital Cell phone technology

The Father of the Internet

A Moor by the name of Dr. Philip Emeagwali invented the First supercomputer that made the internet possible. It’s ironic how the Supercomputer in the Terminator movie was called Skynet, when the movie was before they released the internet to the public. The Terminator Movie was preparing our minds for the internet and other technology associated with computers. They had a Moorish (black) scientist play the part in the movie that Arnold had to travel back in time to kill before he created the Computer chip that enslaved the world in the future, because it was actually a Moor that created the computer chip and the Supercomputer. Hollywood as we know it, tells the truth through fiction.

The first PC

Inventor Dr. Mark Dean, PhD, invented the first Personal Computer (PC) and holds over 20 patents under his name. He also invented the color monitor for computers. Dr. Dean led the team that invented the 1 gigahertz computer chip that has limitless potential. The 1 gigahertz chip made supercomputers possible.

The First Automobile

The First Automobile was invented by a Moor by the name of C. R. Patterson. His invention was later stolen by Henry Ford because C. R. patterson could not get the type of investment money or funding that Henry Ford could, because racism was very bad in these old days. Yes, Henry Ford was able to beat patterson to the Punch, because of Racism and because Henry Ford had money to make it happen.

Greetings friends, we know that it is the month of February, which means Black History Month, so this is my contribution towards Blackamoor History Month. This is our short list of inventions. I say short list, because Blackamoors have created over 90% of the world’s inventions. Blackamoors are the true fathers and mothers of civilization. You see how you can enslave a people and rebrand them in a negative light, but you can’t remove knowledge from their DNA, which is the case with the so-called African American.

In fact, Blackamoors invented all of this stuff and more when we ruled the world during the time of Lemuria/Atlantis, and more recently when we ruled as the Tartarians (Muurs/Moors), so of course this knowledge is still going to be in our blood. When people ask you who were the Tartarians, you say the Blackamoors were the Tartarians and then you show them our short list of inventions and then you show them all of the Cherokee Gothic and Greco-Roman Architecture all over the World. Yes, the moors, who were also the Tartarians built all of the Gothic and Greco-Roman Architecture in the Americas and throughout the world: https://www.facebook.com/Americaisthetrueoldworld/posts/2584437584953859.

Evidence that Moors built the Cathedrals: https://www.facebook.com/Americaisthetrueoldworld/posts/2070257296371893.

Cavities, resonators, magnetrons…

Cathode=Cathedral? If this true, this means that the Cathedrals were that we build were ancient power plants that supplied free energy to our towns. These cathedrals were huge magnetons. I say this because a Cathode is a part of a magnetron that is the center, aka, the source or the Black dot. You can also see the design of the magnetron in the Cathedral; especially, in some of the glass windows.

Did Moors build these Cathedrals yes: Gothic Building is a Moorish style of building. The Cathedral is built with a Gothic (Moorish/Islamic) type of building and so is Westminster Abbey: https://books.google.com/books… . Notice how in the link that you see on the left-hand side towards the bottom of the page, “In Turner’s Normandy, vol. ii. p. 250, are delineated several sculptural spandrels from Bayeux Cathedral, exhibiting somewhat of the Moorish or Tartarian, mode of workmanship. The word is spelt spaundre in the French Contract for reforming Westminster Hall,” dated 1393. – “A Dictionary of the Architecture and Archaeology of the Middle Ages.” Now, this is a powerful quote coming from a master textbook written by a white author that is recognized. Well, it appears that the Moors built the Castles and Cathedrals throughout Europe.

Now without any further delay, below is our short list of inventions. I say short list, because almost everything that we have now as far as Technology goes, we had it first in Old World Tartary. The Fairhaven Hotel is a old World Tartarian building that not only proves the Mud flood event as factual ( due to the 1811-1812 great comet), but it also proves that the Old World had almost every modern convenience that we have today: https://www.facebook.com/Americaisthetrueoldworld/posts/2618724021525215

Mathematics – BLACK-(MOOR) Ancient Egypt science of Maat (math). Medicine BLACK-(MOOR) Ancient Egypt (Imhotep). Open Heart Surgery – BLACK – Daniel Hale Williams. Brain Surgery Robot – BLACK – Bertin Nahum. CAT Scan – BLACK – Allan Cormack. Cell Phone – BLACK – Henry T. Sampson. Rocket Propulsion – Henry T. Sampson.

Weapons system – Henry T. Sampson. The gamma electric cell, which converts harmful gamma rays (radiation) into usable energy – Henry T. Sampson. The Father of modern-day Electricity – Henry T. Sampson. Contributions concerning direct conversion of nuclear energy to electricity – Henry T. Sampson. Touch Tone Phone – BLACK – Shirley Ann Jackson. Traffic Signal – BLACK – Garrett Morgan. Gas Mask – BLACK – Garrett Morgan. The Internet – BLACK – Philip Emeagwali. Personal Computers – BLACK – Dr. Mark Dean. Color monitor for personal computers – Dr. Mark Dean. Dr. Mark Dean also invented the 1 gigahertz computer chip that has unlimited potential. The 1 gigahertz computer chip made supercomputers and robots possible. Supercomputers – BLACK – Dr. Philip Emeagwali. Blood Bank – BLACK – Charles Drew. Telescope – BLACK, Benjamin Banneker. Automobile – BLACK – C.R. Patterson (Stolen by Henry Ford) Toilet – BLACK – J.B. Rhodes. Fountain Pen – BLACK – W.B. Purvis. Remote Control – BLACK – Dr. Joseph N. Jackson. Home Security & Camera – BLACK – Marie Van Brittan Brown. Mailbox – BLACK – Philip Downing. LASIK Eye Surgery – BLACK – Patricia Bath. 3D Special Effects – BLACK -Marc Hannah. Refrigerated Trucks and Air Conditioning – BLACK – Frederick McKinley Jones. Elevator – BLACK – Alexander Miles. The Organ Piano – BLACK – Joseph Dickinson. The Guitar – BLACK – Robert Flemming Jr. Telephone – BLACK stolen from Lewis Howard Latimer. Light Bulb – BLACK stolen from Lewis Howard Latimer. Pencil Sharpener – BLACK -John Lee Love. Sewing Machine – Improved by BLACK: Garrett Morgan. The Jet Engine – Improved by BLACK Jeremiah Baltimore. Cotton Gin – BLACK, stolen from Slaves. Beer – BLACK – Richard Bowie Spikes. All Musical Genres, Including Classical, Jazz, Blues, Rock & Roll, R&B, Hip-Hop – BLACK. The Wormhole BLACK-(MOOR) Ancient Egypt. First one’s in Space BLACK-(MOOR) Ancient Egypt. First one’s on the Moon – Unproven, Fake Event. Banks/Banking BLACK-(MOOR) Ancient Egypt. The theory of Natural Selection BLACK-(MOOR) Ancient Egypt. Electric Engineering BLACK-(MOOR) Ancient Egypt. Calculators – BLACK – Marvin Charles Stewart. Theater – BLACK (MOOR) Ancient Egypt. Diesel engines – BLACK-(MOOR) Ancient Egypt. Television – BLACK-(MOOR) Ancient Egypt. Internal combustion engines – BLACK-(MOOR) Ancient Egypt. The discovery of DNA – BLACK-(MOOR) Ancient Egypt. Microscope – BLACK-(MOOR) Ancient Egypt. The discovery of the Atom BLACK- (MOOR) Ancient Egypt. The discovery of Cells BLACK-(MOOR) Ancient Egypt. The Camera – BLACK – George Carruthers. Democracy BLACK-(MOOR) Ancient Egypt. The Republic BLACK-(MOOR) Ancient Egypt. Liberalism BLACK-(MOOR) Ancient Egypt. Geography BLACK-(MOOR) Ancient Egypt. Electricity – BLACK-(MOOR) Ancient Egypt. Aircraft BLACK-(MOOR) Ancient Egypt. Good art and Entertainment. The pulley first recorded use was by master builder and Grand Architect Imhotep. The wheel, because Moors were the first ones on the planet. Fire, because Moors were the first ones on the planet. The Harp, invented in Ancient Egypt. The piano invented by the Moors in Europe. The Moors took the Harp and turned it sideways and created the Piano. Plastic surgery – Ancient Egypt. The Spark plug – Edmond Berger. Anesthesia for Surgery – Native-Americans (Blackamoors/Egyptians/Hebrews). The building of America, mostly, black slave labor. The Building of Europe – Blackamoors/Brutus Moors/Fresing Moors/French Maurs/Moors of Spain. Digital Cellular phone Technology – Jesse Eugene Russell. The Dot com (.com) for computer websites – Emmit McHenry.

Embalming – South American Indians (Mayas) Time Machine – Dr. Ronald Mallett.

Helicopter – Paul E. Williams. Telephone Transmitter – Dr. Granville T. Woods. Railway System – Dr. Granville T. Woods. Subway System- Dr. Granville T. Woods. Roller coaster – Dr. Granville T. Woods. Trolley Wheel – Dr. Granville T. Woods. The Global Positioning System (GPS) – Dr. Gladys West.

Ancient Egyptians/Moors/Hebrews, aka, the Khmer (Thoth) people created the Art of Building: Monolithic, perpendicular, and Modern-day-building comes from Egypt. Gothic Building (Islamic), aka, Castle building and Cathedral Building, comes from the Moors, whom became the Custodians of the Egyptian Mysteries when Egypt fell, according to the book, “Stolen Legacy” by George E. James. Maur (Moor/Muur) means a high priest of Anu according to a book called, “The Teachings of Ptahhotep the oldest Book in the world,” by Asa G. Hilliard.

We also have to include over 500 inventions of the Native-Americans, who were Blackamoors. You can read the, “Encyclopedia of American Indian Contributions to the world,” right here: https://mexikaresistance.files.wordpress.com/…/american-ind… .If. Now, if we include of the other necessities like soap, comb, brush, toothbrush, lotion, deodorant, shaving, clothing, and etc., we created everything. Most of these inventions were created by the so-called African American in the Americas, because we are the Children of the sun, aka, God’s chosen people from the tribe of Ptah/Utah/Judah/Yudah: https://www.facebook.com/Americaisthetrueoldworld/posts/2162258463838442. Egypt was a Greek name. The real name of Egypt is Al-khemet and/or Tameri. “Nothing is NEW under the SUN.” ~ King Solomon of the Bible. Friends and family, please save this post and share it, because I use this all the time when I have to give Europeans and Coons a reality check as to who we are. Below is my evidence to support the fact that Blackamoors are responsible for the 500 inventions of the Native-Americans (North, Central, and South):

The mummies of south America, but mostly, Peru/Heru/Jeru-(Salem), which is also Ancient Jerusalem and Egypt, were Blackamoors/Egyptians/Hebrews/Indians/Negros (evidence that the Ancient South-American Indians were melanated (Black)): https://www.facebook.com/Americaisthetrueoldworld/posts/1966263136771310.

These photos of Ancient South American Mummies with dreadlocks are irrefutable evidence that the Americas was a Negro Continent: https://www.facebook.com/Americaisthetrueoldworld/posts/2073046139426342.

Here is Moor evidence that the Americas was a Negro Continent and that the Moors (Blacks) are the real Indians. In fact, Indian and Moor is one and the same (evidence that the North-American Indians were melanated (Black)): https://www.facebook.com/Americaisthetrueoldworld/posts/1989361697794787.

Here is Moor evidence that the Indians were Moors. Yes, Moors are Indians too. In Fact, the Muurs/ Moors are Berber Indians (India): https://www.facebook.com/Americaisthetrueoldworld/posts/1929898677074423. Prophet Noble Drew Ali was even from the Cherokee Tribe. The last Chief of the Cherokee Tribe was a Moslem Muur.

Now, with all of these contributions that Blackamoors have made to the world, why in the Sam’s hell are we second-class citizens in our own land and why are we not benefiting from all of it? The answer is of course, Wight supremacy, via, the Dum Diversa that was issued by the Pope against the Saracens/Hebrews/Indians, which authorized Christians to take our land and our possessions in the name of Christ. The fact that wight people also control the marketing and the branding for our inventions, also explains why our people do not benefit from it. Peace.

The post Black History month is Blackamoor History. appeared first on America is the Old World.

source https://www.americaistheoldworld.com/black-history-month/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=black-history-month

[jakehglover]

Siberian Ginseng Benefits

By Dr. Mercola

Siberian ginseng may be the common term for the versatile root recognized in ancient Eastern cultures as a powerful medicinal, but the botanical term, or at least part of it, is eleuthero. The entire scientific designation is Eleutherococcus senticosus, and it’s been used for thousands of years for overall longevity, endurance and to boost immunity.

These and a multitude of other benefits have made the odd-looking root a very expensive commodity all over the world. It’s right behind gingko as the most popular herbal supplement, but it’s often confused with other roots with “ginseng” on the label.

It doesn’t help that other monikers for it around the world include Russian ginseng, devil’s shrub, touch-me-not, wild pepper and shigoka. A thorny shrub that can reach 10 feet in height, Siberian ginseng bears yellow or violet flowers that develop in umbrella-shaped clusters and, later, round black berries. But it’s the wrinkly, twisted root that gets all the attention. Its active ingredients are phytochemicals known as polysaccharides.

For centuries, healers from Russia, where it originated, to Asia and other Eastern countries and beyond have used it extensively to remedy colds and flu. One of the most effective aspects of Siberian ginseng is that it’s an adaptogen, which means your body is better able to adapt to stressors, whether physical, mental or emotional. Multiple studies on E. senticosus indicate the root is good for a number of diseases and disorders, often rivaling the drugs and medications prescribed by doctors.

Research on Siberian Ginseng: E. Senticosus

While saying scientists aren’t sure how it works, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC)1 states that compounds from Siberian ginseng stimulate immune cells and protect the nervous system. It also notes, “Siberian ginseng extract was shown to moderately inhibit breast cancer resistance.”2

The MSKCC website either asserts that claims Siberian ginseng can increase strength and stamina and reduce side effects of chemotherapy are unsubstantiated scientifically, or that “more research is needed.” Patented drugs with ginseng components, however, were given much more credence. Acknowledgment of plant chemicals with active ingredients note:

“In vitro studies indicate that eleuthero contains chemicals that bind to estrogen, progestin, mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors. In macrophages, a Siberian ginseng extract suppressed LPS-induced iNOS expression and thus nitric oxide production by possibly inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B activity or Akt and JNK signaling, and inhibited reactive oxygen species production.

Eleutheroside B, eleutheroside E and isofraxidin — active constituents of Siberian ginseng — showed protective effects against Aβ(25-35)-induced atrophies of axons and dendrites in rat cultured cortical neurons. Isofraxidin also inhibited cell invasion and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-7 by human hepatoma cell lines HuH-7 and Hep G-2, possibly through the inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation.”3

In a 2004 randomized double-blind study,4 20 elderly hypertensive participants undergoing digitalis treatment who reported feeling weak and tired with no energy were given either Siberian ginseng or a placebo. At the end of the four-week study, the subjects were tested and found to have higher scores in social functioning and mental health, noticeable after four weeks of therapy and none noted “adverse events” in any of the patients.

Seventy percent of the patients on ginseng supplementation said they received “active therapy” compared to 20 percent in the placebo group. The same study noted that the definition of “adaptogen” was first referenced in the late 1950s. Subsequent research noted pharmacological results in cell cultures, animal and human subjects, listing improvements in several areas in regard to:

Antioxidant activity

Anticancer action

Immune system stimulation

Lowered insulin levels

Radioprotection

Decreased inflammation

Fever reducing

Antibacterial activity

Studies Reveal Siberian Ginseng Health Benefits

The effect involves the adrenal glands and supports their function, along with stress hormones such as cortisol.5 Bulletproof lists a number of studies that have explored different ways Siberian ginseng helps, treats and prevents illnesses and conditions in several ways:

It produced an immune-boosting effect both in cancer patients and healthy controls, according to one study, resulting in “nonspecific resistance and immunologic vigor in the course of cytostatic and radiation treatment for breast cancer.”6

According to Europe PMC, ginseng showed potential for maintaining healthy T4 lymphocytes, which are the specific immune cells that weaken in patients with HIV and AIDS.7

Neuroprotective aspects were improved via hippocampal and microglial cell signaling;8 one example is its effectiveness in preventing the slow and sometimes lost motor function associated with Parkinson’s.9

Antiviral capability of ginseng was measured and found to inhibit the replication of “all RNA viruses studies thus far,” which included human rhinovirus (HRV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza A virus in cell cultures.10

Siberian ginseng may also have antidepressive effects11 and may also help with insomnia and alleviate behavioral and memory problems, according to an animal study.12

One study showed that Siberian ginseng improved endurance, initiated through improved oxygen utilization.13 Further, it may protect DNA14 and enhance cardiovascular function,15 and bacterial cultures treated with ginseng compounds were resistant to radiation16 and even protected study subjects from ionizing radiation exposure. Research also strongly suggests that Siberian ginseng has a positive and significant effect on several types of cancer cell cultures, including breast,17 stomach,18 lung and colon cancers.19

History and Ginseng Types: Siberian, Korean and American

Incidentally, there’s something known as Korean ginseng or Asian ginseng, which also contains healing properties, but it presents a perfect example of the phrase “the word is not the thing.” In other words, just because it has the word ginseng in its name doesn’t mean it’s synonymous with Siberian ginseng (which is not considered a “true” ginseng”). SFGate notes:

“Korean ginseng and Siberian ginseng, despite both being called ginseng, are not from the same family. Siberian ginseng does not belong to the Panax family, so it is not considered a “true” ginseng … Siberian ginseng contains polysaccharides which are associated with lower blood sugar levels, and eleutherosides are its active ingredient.

They are also both associated with increased mental ability and concentration, greater alertness and higher stamina levels. Both are also associated with potentially helping lower triglyceride and blood pressure levels, and may be helpful in treating and avoiding cardiovascular complications.”20

There’s also American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius), an endangered, wild-growing, shade-loving and widely poached root. While Korean or Asian ginseng is known in Chinese medicine as a “hot” or mild stimulant, the American variety is “cool” or calming, useful for enhancing memory, mood and possibly lowering blood sugar levels.21

All have ginsenosides, but in varying levels, Smithsonian.com22 says. The American type found in moist patches of Appalachian Mountain regions was used by Native Americans and even propagated by the Cherokee tribe as a medicinal. Samples and then boatloads of the roots were shipped from North Carolina, Minnesota, Wisconsin and Canada to Chinese markets as early as the early 1700s.

Precautions Regarding Siberian Ginseng

While adaptogens such as Siberian ginseng are generally fine for most people, don’t typically cause allergic reactions and can be taken for extended periods of time, caution is advised with both Siberian and Korean ginseng. If you’re on medication, keep in mind they can interfere with a number of them, including immune system suppressants, blood thinners, heart medications and any types of sedatives or stimulants.23

Precautions should be taken due to a number of potential side effects, including accelerated heartbeat, insomnia, mood swings, sudden changes in blood pressure and feeling dizzy and/or jittery. Anyone with sleep apnea, narcolepsy, heart disease, mental illness such as mania or schizophrenia, autoimmune diseases such as Crohn’s disease or rheumatoid arthritis should also pass it up.24

Importantly, children should not be given ginseng. The University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC) notes that women who are pregnant or breastfeeding, as well as those with estrogen-sensitive breast cancer, should avoid ginseng as it can have an estrogen-like effect;25 women with a history of uterine fibroids may also be vulnerable.26

It’s imperative that you check your sources when buying ginseng, whether it’s in supplement or root form, as one lab reported that only nine of 22 samples met quality and purity criteria. At the same time, harvesting methods, handling techniques and high-heat processing can damage the therapeutic compounds. Livestrong notes:

“Supplements are available in liquid and solid extracts, powders, capsules, tablets and tea form. Up to 25 percent of Siberian ginseng supplements sold in the United States do not contain the herb, and it can pose side effects. For these reasons, pharmacist and doctor guidance is recommended.”27

Remember That Not All Ginseng Is Created Equal

Ginseng has become one of the most popular additives in multivitamins, energy drinks, teas, chewing gum and snacks, claiming to impart all manner of benefits. But it should be noted that most Americans aren’t aware there’s any difference between the ginseng varieties, which are so intermingled in advertising their advantages that governmental agencies have stepped in. For instance, Smithsonian.com observes:

“‘What is most striking about ginseng is the amount of misinformation in ads and on packages,’ says nutritionist David Schardt at the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI). ‘Panax ginseng, the most commonly available type, does not boost energy levels, mood, or memory and doesn’t reduce stress.’

After reviewing studies over the past two decades, the CSPI asked the Food and Drug Administration three years ago to halt phony claims. During the past two years, the FDA has sent letters to about half a dozen manufacturers, ordering them to limit product health claims due to the lack of evidence to support them.”28

For arguably any disease, prevention is a wonderful thing, but don’t take advantage of Siberian ginseng by assuming that the compounds that stimulate your immune response can make up for living irresponsibly. Bulletproof notes:

“Adaptogens are worth exploring, but don’t use them to make up for a crappy diet and lifestyle. Making sure to eat good food, get outside and sleep well, and generally take care of yourself will do more for your stress, energy, and longevity than any one herb will do. Pay attention to adaptogens and key supplements, but don’t forget the basics.”29

from HealthyLife via Jake Glover on Inoreader https://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2018/03/19/siberian-ginseng-benefits.aspx

[sherristockman]

Siberian Ginseng Benefits Dr. Mercola By Dr. Mercola Siberian ginseng may be the common term for the versatile root recognized in ancient Eastern cultures as a powerful medicinal, but the botanical term, or at least part of it, is eleuthero. The entire scientific designation is Eleutherococcus senticosus, and it’s been used for thousands of years for overall longevity, endurance and to boost immunity. These and a multitude of other benefits have made the odd-looking root a very expensive commodity all over the world. It’s right behind gingko as the most popular herbal supplement, but it’s often confused with other roots with “ginseng” on the label. It doesn’t help that other monikers for it around the world include Russian ginseng, devil’s shrub, touch-me-not, wild pepper and shigoka. A thorny shrub that can reach 10 feet in height, Siberian ginseng bears yellow or violet flowers that develop in umbrella-shaped clusters and, later, round black berries. But it’s the wrinkly, twisted root that gets all the attention. Its active ingredients are phytochemicals known as polysaccharides. For centuries, healers from Russia, where it originated, to Asia and other Eastern countries and beyond have used it extensively to remedy colds and flu. One of the most effective aspects of Siberian ginseng is that it’s an adaptogen, which means your body is better able to adapt to stressors, whether physical, mental or emotional. Multiple studies on E. senticosus indicate the root is good for a number of diseases and disorders, often rivaling the drugs and medications prescribed by doctors. Research on Siberian Ginseng: E. Senticosus While saying scientists aren’t sure how it works, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC)1 states that compounds from Siberian ginseng stimulate immune cells and protect the nervous system. It also notes, “Siberian ginseng extract was shown to moderately inhibit breast cancer resistance.”2 The MSKCC website either asserts that claims Siberian ginseng can increase strength and stamina and reduce side effects of chemotherapy are unsubstantiated scientifically, or that “more research is needed.” Patented drugs with ginseng components, however, were given much more credence. Acknowledgment of plant chemicals with active ingredients note: “In vitro studies indicate that eleuthero contains chemicals that bind to estrogen, progestin, mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors. In macrophages, a Siberian ginseng extract suppressed LPS-induced iNOS expression and thus nitric oxide production by possibly inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B activity or Akt and JNK signaling, and inhibited reactive oxygen species production. Eleutheroside B, eleutheroside E and isofraxidin — active constituents of Siberian ginseng — showed protective effects against Aβ(25-35)-induced atrophies of axons and dendrites in rat cultured cortical neurons. Isofraxidin also inhibited cell invasion and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-7 by human hepatoma cell lines HuH-7 and Hep G-2, possibly through the inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation.”3 In a 2004 randomized double-blind study,4 20 elderly hypertensive participants undergoing digitalis treatment who reported feeling weak and tired with no energy were given either Siberian ginseng or a placebo. At the end of the four-week study, the subjects were tested and found to have higher scores in social functioning and mental health, noticeable after four weeks of therapy and none noted “adverse events” in any of the patients. Seventy percent of the patients on ginseng supplementation said they received “active therapy” compared to 20 percent in the placebo group. The same study noted that the definition of “adaptogen” was first referenced in the late 1950s. Subsequent research noted pharmacological results in cell cultures, animal and human subjects, listing improvements in several areas in regard to: Antioxidant activity Anticancer action Immune system stimulation Lowered insulin levels Radioprotection Decreased inflammation Fever reducing Antibacterial activity Studies Reveal Siberian Ginseng Health Benefits The effect involves the adrenal glands and supports their function, along with stress hormones such as cortisol.5 Bulletproof lists a number of studies that have explored different ways Siberian ginseng helps, treats and prevents illnesses and conditions in several ways: It produced an immune-boosting effect both in cancer patients and healthy controls, according to one study, resulting in “nonspecific resistance and immunologic vigor in the course of cytostatic and radiation treatment for breast cancer.”6 According to Europe PMC, ginseng showed potential for maintaining healthy T4 lymphocytes, which are the specific immune cells that weaken in patients with HIV and AIDS.7 Neuroprotective aspects were improved via hippocampal and microglial cell signaling;8 one example is its effectiveness in preventing the slow and sometimes lost motor function associated with Parkinson’s.9 Antiviral capability of ginseng was measured and found to inhibit the replication of “all RNA viruses studies thus far,” which included human rhinovirus (HRV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza A virus in cell cultures.10 Siberian ginseng may also have antidepressive effects11 and may also help with insomnia and alleviate behavioral and memory problems, according to an animal study.12 One study showed that Siberian ginseng improved endurance, initiated through improved oxygen utilization.13 Further, it may protect DNA14 and enhance cardiovascular function,15 and bacterial cultures treated with ginseng compounds were resistant to radiation16 and even protected study subjects from ionizing radiation exposure. Research also strongly suggests that Siberian ginseng has a positive and significant effect on several types of cancer cell cultures, including breast,17 stomach,18 lung and colon cancers.19 History and Ginseng Types: Siberian, Korean and American Incidentally, there’s something known as Korean ginseng or Asian ginseng, which also contains healing properties, but it presents a perfect example of the phrase “the word is not the thing.” In other words, just because it has the word ginseng in its name doesn’t mean it’s synonymous with Siberian ginseng (which is not considered a “true” ginseng”). SFGate notes: “Korean ginseng and Siberian ginseng, despite both being called ginseng, are not from the same family. Siberian ginseng does not belong to the Panax family, so it is not considered a “true” ginseng … Siberian ginseng contains polysaccharides which are associated with lower blood sugar levels, and eleutherosides are its active ingredient. They are also both associated with increased mental ability and concentration, greater alertness and higher stamina levels. Both are also associated with potentially helping lower triglyceride and blood pressure levels, and may be helpful in treating and avoiding cardiovascular complications.”20 There’s also American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius), an endangered, wild-growing, shade-loving and widely poached root. While Korean or Asian ginseng is known in Chinese medicine as a “hot” or mild stimulant, the American variety is “cool” or calming, useful for enhancing memory, mood and possibly lowering blood sugar levels.21 All have ginsenosides, but in varying levels, Smithsonian.com22 says. The American type found in moist patches of Appalachian Mountain regions was used by Native Americans and even propagated by the Cherokee tribe as a medicinal. Samples and then boatloads of the roots were shipped from North Carolina, Minnesota, Wisconsin and Canada to Chinese markets as early as the early 1700s. Precautions Regarding Siberian Ginseng While adaptogens such as Siberian ginseng are generally fine for most people, don’t typically cause allergic reactions and can be taken for extended periods of time, caution is advised with both Siberian and Korean ginseng. If you’re on medication, keep in mind they can interfere with a number of them, including immune system suppressants, blood thinners, heart medications and any types of sedatives or stimulants.23 Precautions should be taken due to a number of potential side effects, including accelerated heartbeat, insomnia, mood swings, sudden changes in blood pressure and feeling dizzy and/or jittery. Anyone with sleep apnea, narcolepsy, heart disease, mental illness such as mania or schizophrenia, autoimmune diseases such as Crohn’s disease or rheumatoid arthritis should also pass it up.24 Importantly, children should not be given ginseng. The University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC) notes that women who are pregnant or breastfeeding, as well as those with estrogen-sensitive breast cancer, should avoid ginseng as it can have an estrogen-like effect;25 women with a history of uterine fibroids may also be vulnerable.26 It’s imperative that you check your sources when buying ginseng, whether it’s in supplement or root form, as one lab reported that only nine of 22 samples met quality and purity criteria. At the same time, harvesting methods, handling techniques and high-heat processing can damage the therapeutic compounds. Livestrong notes: “Supplements are available in liquid and solid extracts, powders, capsules, tablets and tea form. Up to 25 percent of Siberian ginseng supplements sold in the United States do not contain the herb, and it can pose side effects. For these reasons, pharmacist and doctor guidance is recommended.”27 Remember That Not All Ginseng Is Created Equal Ginseng has become one of the most popular additives in multivitamins, energy drinks, teas, chewing gum and snacks, claiming to impart all manner of benefits. But it should be noted that most Americans aren’t aware there’s any difference between the ginseng varieties, which are so intermingled in advertising their advantages that governmental agencies have stepped in. For instance, Smithsonian.com observes: “‘What is most striking about ginseng is the amount of misinformation in ads and on packages,’ says nutritionist David Schardt at the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI). ‘Panax ginseng, the most commonly available type, does not boost energy levels, mood, or memory and doesn’t reduce stress.’ After reviewing studies over the past two decades, the CSPI asked the Food and Drug Administration three years ago to halt phony claims. During the past two years, the FDA has sent letters to about half a dozen manufacturers, ordering them to limit product health claims due to the lack of evidence to support them.”28 For arguably any disease, prevention is a wonderful thing, but don’t take advantage of Siberian ginseng by assuming that the compounds that stimulate your immune response can make up for living irresponsibly. Bulletproof notes: “Adaptogens are worth exploring, but don’t use them to make up for a crappy diet and lifestyle. Making sure to eat good food, get outside and sleep well, and generally take care of yourself will do more for your stress, energy, and longevity than any one herb will do. Pay attention to adaptogens and key supplements, but don’t forget the basics.”29

[leightrujillo24-blog]

Compilation Bag Coming From Apollo 11 Moon Objective To Be Sold At Public auction.

SEOUL (Reuters) - U.S. President Donald Trump coincided South Korean President Moon Jae-in to revise a joint negotiation topping the progression southern's ballistic rockets, Moon's office pointed out on Saturday, surrounded by a standoff over North Korea's rocket as well as nuclear exams. On EM-1, SLS will definitely send Orion on a three-week air travel around the moon made to examine the pill's efficiency in deep space. New Head of state Moon Jae-in generated some consternation when he purchased temporary fastener on 8 old charcoal plants (2.75 GW ability) by June and final fastener from these 8 vegetations in 2022.

In additional modern-day opportunities, the 1st planters almanac was posted in 1792 and also continues to this particular day, as well as is understood for utilizing the moment examined lunar timing techniques, so this is shocking to me just how many people are actually puzzled by the truth that the moon will possess any type of bearing on the efficiency of gardening.

After that, plants with white colored flowers, including Magnolias, Eastern Snowbell, 'Cherokee Little Princess' Dogwoods, as well as 'Natchez' Crepe Myrtles, to be found with all their grandeur, moonbeams dancing via to the remainder of the yard.

Perhaps you sign up with new area, prepare a full moon gathering, or even simply totally free create around your craziest, very most mystical eyesights. In regards to advertising, America has actually been actually the victim of its personal results as well as the man on the moon participated in a leading man in generating the company. Year-to-date, Belgian White is uploading about 10% growth in Nielsen keep track of networks. Through its own very attribute, that packs the heavens, oceans and also souls, ringing the Earth, bouncing from superstars, moon as well as sunshine. This weblog is actually wanted to comply with the Wheel from the Year, the changing of the periods, the patterns from the moon and also possibly take a percentage of purchase to one tiny corner from my lifestyle. We're informing The United States's researchers and designers that if they construct teams from the best thoughts in their fields, and also concentrate on the hardest complications in well-maintained power, we'll finance the Apollo Projects from our opportunity'. The problem is he is actually however an additional guy with concepts instead of filthy palms Time4Beauty2017.De off performing the kind of work that The United States requires. The better astronomy applications, consisting of SkySafari, Wallet Universe as well as Star Stroll, consist of moon globes along with the significant functions designated. Astrology pertains to the Moon as the signifactor for mind; consequently Moon possesses a fantastic effect on human being health and wellness. Picture: (1) A mixture of surfaces studded with a sinkhole i s shown in a region of Jupiter's moon Ganymede in a Galileo picture.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 6.27

1358 – The Republic of Ragusa is founded. 1497 – Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England. 1499 – Amerigo Vespucci sights what is now Amapá State in Brazil. 1556 – The thirteen Stratford Martyrs are burned at the stake near London for their Protestant beliefs. 1743 – In the Battle of Dettingen, George II becomes the last reigning British monarch to participate in a battle. 1760 – Anglo-Cherokee War: Cherokee warriors defeat British forces at the Battle of Echoee near present-day Otto, North Carolina. 1806 – British forces take Buenos Aires during the first of the British invasions of the River Plate. 1844 – Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, and his brother Hyrum Smith, are killed by a mob at the Carthage, Illinois jail. 1864 – American Civil War: Confederate forces defeat Union forces during the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain during the Atlanta Campaign. 1895 – The inaugural run of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's Royal Blue from Washington, D.C., to New York City, the first U.S. passenger train to use electric locomotives. 1898 – The first solo circumnavigation of the globe is completed by Joshua Slocum from Briar Island, Nova Scotia. 1905 – During the Russo-Japanese War, sailors start a mutiny aboard the Russian battleship Potemkin. 1914 – The Illinois Monument is dedicated at Cheatham Hill in what is now the Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park. 1927 – Prime Minister of Japan Tanaka Giichi convenes an eleven-day conference to discuss Japan's strategy in China. The Tanaka Memorial, a forged plan for world domination, is later claimed to be a secret report leaked from this conference. 1928 – The Rovaniemi township decree was promulgated, as a result of which Rovaniemi seceded from the old rural municipality as its own market town on January 1, 1929. 1941 – Romanian authorities launch one of the most violent pogroms in Jewish history in the city of Iași, resulting in the murder of at least 13,266 Jews. 1941 – World War II: German troops capture the city of Białystok during Operation Barbarossa. 1944 – World War II: Mogaung is the first place in Burma to be liberated from the Japanese by British Chindits, supported by the Chinese. 1946 – In the Canadian Citizenship Act, the Parliament of Canada establishes the definition of Canadian citizenship. 1950 – The United States decides to send troops to fight in the Korean War. 1954 – The Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant, the Soviet Union's first nuclear power station, opens in Obninsk, near Moscow. 1954 – The FIFA World Cup quarterfinal match between Hungary and Brazil, highly anticipated to be exciting, instead turns violent, with three players ejected and further fighting continuing after the game. 1957 – Hurricane Audrey makes landfall near the Texas–Louisiana border, killing over 400 people, mainly in and around Cameron, Louisiana. 1973 – The President of Uruguay Juan María Bordaberry dissolves Parliament and establishes a dictatorship. 1974 – U.S. president Richard Nixon visits the Soviet Union. 1976 – Air France Flight 139 (Tel Aviv-Athens-Paris) is hijacked en route to Paris by the PFLP and redirected to Entebbe, Uganda. 1977 – France grants independence to Djibouti. 1980 – The 'Ustica massacre': Itavia Flight 870 crashes in the sea while en route from Bologna to Palermo, Italy, killing all 81 on board. 1981 – The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party issues its "Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China", laying the blame for the Cultural Revolution on Mao Zedong. 1982 – Space Shuttle Columbia launched from the Kennedy Space Center on the final research and development flight mission, STS-4. 1988 – The Gare de Lyon rail accident in Paris, France, kills 56 people. 1988 – Villa Tunari massacre: Bolivian anti-narcotics police kill nine to 12 and injure over a hundred protesting coca-growing peasants. 1991 – Two days after it had declared independence, Slovenia is invaded by Yugoslav troops, tanks, and aircraft, starting the Ten-Day War. 1994 – Members of the Aum Shinrikyo cult release sarin gas in Matsumoto, Japan. Seven people are killed, 660 injured. 2007 – Tony Blair resigns as British Prime Minister, a position he had held since 1997. His Chancellor, Gordon Brown succeeds him. 2007 – The Brazilian Military Police invades the favelas of Complexo do Alemão in an episode which is remembered as the Complexo do Alemão massacre. 2008 – In a highly scrutinized election, President of Zimbabwe Robert Mugabe is re-elected in a landslide after his opponent Morgan Tsvangirai had withdrawn a week earlier, citing violence against his party's supporters. 2013 – NASA launches the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, a space probe to observe the Sun. 2014 – At least fourteen people are killed when a Gas Authority of India Limited pipeline explodes in the East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, India. 2015 – Formosa Fun Coast fire: A dust fire occurs at a recreational water park in Taiwan, killing 15 people and injuring 497 others, 199 critically. 2017 – A series of powerful cyberattacks using the Petya malware target websites of Ukrainian organizations and counterparts with Ukrainian connections around the globe.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 6.27

1358 – The Republic of Ragusa is founded. 1497 – Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England. 1499 – Americo Vespucci, on Spanish financed trip, sights coast south of Cape Cassipore. 1556 – The thirteen Stratford Martyrs are burned at the stake near London for their Protestant beliefs. 1743 – In the Battle of Dettingen, George II becomes the last reigning British monarch to participate in a battle. 1760 – Anglo-Cherokee War: Cherokee warriors defeat British forces at the Battle of Echoee near present-day Otto, North Carolina. 1806 – British forces take Buenos Aires during the first of the British invasions of the River Plate. 1844 – Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, and his brother Hyrum Smith, are killed by a mob at the Carthage, Illinois jail. 1864 – American Civil War: Confederate forces defeat Union forces during the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain during the Atlanta Campaign. 1895 – The inaugural run of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's Royal Blue from Washington, D.C., to New York City, the first U.S. passenger train to use electric locomotives. 1898 – The first solo circumnavigation of the globe is completed by Joshua Slocum from Briar Island, Nova Scotia. 1905 – During the Russo-Japanese War, sailors start a mutiny aboard the Russian battleship Potemkin. 1914 – The Illinois Monument is dedicated at Cheatham Hill in what is now the Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park. 1927 – Prime Minister of Japan Tanaka Giichi convenes an eleven-day conference to discuss Japan's strategy in China. The Tanaka Memorial, a forged plan for world domination, is later claimed to be a secret report leaked from this conference. 1928 – The Rovaniemi township decree was promulgated, as a result of which Rovaniemi seceded from the old rural municipality as its own market town on January 1, 1929. 1941 – Romanian authorities launch one of the most violent pogroms in Jewish history in the city of Iași, resulting in the murder of at least 13,266 Jews. 1941 – World War II: German troops capture the city of Białystok during Operation Barbarossa. 1944 – World War II: Mogaung is the first place in Burma to be liberated from the Japanese by British 'Chindits', supported by the Chinese. 1946 – In the Canadian Citizenship Act, the Parliament of Canada establishes the definition of Canadian citizenship. 1950 – The United States decides to send troops to fight in the Korean War. 1954 – The Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant, the Soviet Union's first nuclear power station, opens in Obninsk, near Moscow. 1954 – The FIFA World Cup quarterfinal match between Hungary and Brazil, highly anticipated to be exciting, instead turns violent, with three players ejected and further fighting continuing after the game. 1957 – Hurricane Audrey makes landfall near the Texas–Louisiana border, killing over 400 people, mainly in and around Cameron, Louisiana. 1973 – The President of Uruguay Juan María Bordaberry dissolves Parliament and establishes a dictatorship. 1974 – U.S. president Richard Nixon visits the Soviet Union. 1976 – Air France Flight 139 (Tel Aviv-Athens-Paris) is hijacked en route to Paris by the PFLP and redirected to Entebbe, Uganda. 1977 – France grants independence to Djibouti. 1980 – The 'Ustica massacre': Itavia Flight 870 crashes in the sea while en route from Bologna to Palermo, Italy, killing all 81 on board. 1981 – The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party issues its "Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China", laying the blame for the Cultural Revolution on Mao Zedong. 1982 – Space Shuttle Columbia launched from the Kennedy Space Center on the final research and development flight mission, STS-4. 1988 – The Gare de Lyon rail accident in Paris, France, kills 56 people. 1988 – Villa Tunari massacre: Bolivian anti-narcotics police kill nine to 12 and injure over a hundred protesting coca-growing peasants. 1991 – Two days after it had declared independence, Slovenia is invaded by Yugoslav troops, tanks, and aircraft, starting the Ten-Day War. 1994 – Members of the Aum Shinrikyo cult release sarin gas in Matsumoto, Japan. Seven people are killed, 660 injured. 2007 – Tony Blair resigns as British Prime Minister, a position he had held since 1997. His Chancellor, Gordon Brown succeeds him. 2007 – The Brazilian Military Police invades the favelas of Complexo do Alemão in an episode which is remembered as the Complexo do Alemão massacre. 2008 – In a highly scrutinized election President of Zimbabwe Robert Mugabe is re-elected in a landslide after his opponent Morgan Tsvangirai had withdrawn a week earlier, citing violence against his party's supporters. 2013 – NASA launches the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, a space probe to observe the Sun. 2014 – At least fourteen people are killed when a Gas Authority of India Limited pipeline explodes in the East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, India. 2015 – Formosa Fun Coast fire: A dust fire occurs at a recreational water park in Taiwan, killing 15 people and injuring 497 others, 199 critically. 2017 – A series of powerful cyberattacks using the Petya malware target websites of Ukrainian organizations and counterparts with Ukrainian connections around the globe.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 6.27

1358 – The Republic of Ragusa is founded. 1497 – Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England. 1556 – The thirteen Stratford Martyrs are burned at the stake near London for their Protestant beliefs. 1743 – In the Battle of Dettingen, George II becomes the last reigning British monarch to participate in a battle. 1760 – Anglo-Cherokee War: Cherokee warriors defeat British forces at the Battle of Echoee near present-day Otto, North Carolina. 1806 – British forces take Buenos Aires during the first of the British invasions of the River Plate. 1844 – Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, and his brother Hyrum Smith, are killed by a mob at the Carthage, Illinois jail. 1864 – American Civil War: Confederate forces defeat Union forces during the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain during the Atlanta Campaign. 1895 – The inaugural run of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's Royal Blue from Washington, D.C., to New York City, the first U.S. passenger train to use electric locomotives. 1898 – The first solo circumnavigation of the globe is completed by Joshua Slocum from Briar Island, Nova Scotia. 1905 – During the Russo-Japanese War, sailors start a mutiny aboard the Russian battleship Potemkin. 1914 – The Illinois Monument is dedicated at Cheatham Hill in what is now the Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park. 1927 – Prime Minister of Japan Tanaka Giichi convenes an eleven-day conference to discuss Japan's strategy in China. The Tanaka Memorial, a forged plan for world domination, is later claimed to be a secret report leaked from this conference. 1941 – Romanian authorities launch one of the most violent pogroms in Jewish history in the city of Iași, resulting in the murder of at least 13,266 Jews. 1941 – World War II: German troops capture the city of Białystok during Operation Barbarossa. 1946 – In the Canadian Citizenship Act, the Parliament of Canada establishes the definition of Canadian citizenship. 1950 – The United States decides to send troops to fight in the Korean War. 1954 – The Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant, the Soviet Union's first nuclear power station, opens in Obninsk, near Moscow. 1954 – The FIFA World Cup quarterfinal match between Hungary and Brazil, highly anticipated to be exciting, instead turns violent, with three players ejected and further fighting continuing after the game. 1957 – Hurricane Audrey makes landfall near the Texas–Louisiana border, killing over 400 people, mainly in and around Cameron, Louisiana. 1973 – The President of Uruguay Juan María Bordaberry dissolves Parliament and establishes a dictatorship. 1974 – U.S. president Richard Nixon visits the Soviet Union. 1976 – Air France Flight 139 (Tel Aviv-Athens-Paris) is hijacked en route to Paris by the PLO and redirected to Entebbe, Uganda. 1977 – France grants independence to Djibouti. 1980 – The 'Ustica massacre': Itavia Flight 870 crashes in the sea while en route from Bologna to Palermo, Italy, killing all 81 on board. 1981 – The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issues its "Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China", laying the blame for the Cultural Revolution on Mao Zedong. 1982 – Space Shuttle Columbia launched from the Kennedy Space Center on the final research and development flight mission, STS-4. 1988 – The Gare de Lyon rail accident in Paris, France, kills 56 people. 1988 – Villa Tunari massacre: Bolivian anti-narcotics police kill nine to 12 and injure over a hundred protesting coca-growing peasants. 1991 – Two days after it had declared independence, Slovenia is invaded by Yugoslav troops, tanks, and aircraft, starting the Ten-Day War. 1994 – Members of the Aum Shinrikyo cult release sarin gas in Matsumoto, Japan. Seven people are killed, 660 injured. 2007 – Tony Blair resigns as British Prime Minister, a position he had held since 1997. His Chancellor, Gordon Brown succeeds him. 2007 – The Brazilian Military Police invades the favelas of Complexo do Alemão in an episode which is remembered as the Complexo do Alemão massacre. 2008 – In a highly scrutinized election President of Zimbabwe Robert Mugabe is re-elected in a landslide after his opponent Morgan Tsvangirai had withdrawn a week earlier, citing violence against his party's supporters. 2013 – NASA launches the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, a space probe to observe the Sun. 2014 – At least fourteen people are killed when a Gas Authority of India Limited pipeline explodes in the East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, India. 2015 – Formosa Fun Coast fire: A dust fire occurs at a recreational water park in Taiwan, killing 15 people and injuring 497 others, 199 critically. 2017 – A series of powerful cyberattacks using the Petya malware target websites of Ukrainian organizations and counterparts with Ukrainian connections around the globe.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 6.27

1358 – The Republic of Ragusa is founded. 1497 – Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England. 1556 – The thirteen Stratford Martyrs are burned at the stake near London for their Protestant beliefs. 1743 – In the Battle of Dettingen, George II becomes the last reigning British monarch to participate in a battle. 1760 – Cherokee warriors defeat British forces at the Battle of Echoee near present-day Otto, North Carolina during the Anglo-Cherokee War. 1806 – British forces take Buenos Aires during the first of the British invasions of the River Plate. 1844 – Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, and his brother Hyrum Smith, are killed by a mob at the Carthage, Illinois jail. 1864 – Confederate forces defeat Union forces during the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain during the Atlanta Campaign of the American Civil War. 1895 – The inaugural run of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's Royal Blue from Washington, D.C., to New York City, the first U.S. passenger train to use electric locomotives. 1898 – The first solo circumnavigation of the globe is completed by Joshua Slocum from Briar Island, Nova Scotia. 1905 – During the Russo-Japanese War, sailors start a mutiny aboard the Russian battleship Potemkin. 1923 – Capt. Lowell H. Smith and Lt. John P. Richter perform the first ever aerial refueling in a DH.4B biplane. 1927 – Prime Minister of Japan Tanaka Giichi convenes an eleven-day conference to discuss Japan's strategy in China. The Tanaka Memorial, a forged plan for world domination, is later claimed to be a secret report leaked from this conference. 1941 – Romanian authorities launch one of the most violent pogroms in Jewish history in the city of Iași, resulting in the murder of at least 13,266 Jews. 1941 – German troops capture the city of Białystok during Operation Barbarossa. 1946 – In the Canadian Citizenship Act, the Parliament of Canada establishes the definition of Canadian citizenship. 1950 – The United States decides to send troops to fight in the Korean War. 1954 – The Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant, the Soviet Union's first nuclear power station, opens in Obninsk, near Moscow. 1954 – The FIFA World Cup quarterfinal match between Hungary and Brazil, highly anticipated to be exciting, instead turns violent, with three players ejected and further fighting continuing after the game. 1957 – Hurricane Audrey makes landfall near the Texas–Louisiana border, killing over 400 people, mainly in and around Cameron, Louisiana. 1971 – After only three years in business, rock promoter Bill Graham closes Fillmore East in New York, the "Church of Rock and Roll". 1973 – The President of Uruguay Juan María Bordaberry dissolves Parliament and establishes a dictatorship. 1974 – U.S. president Richard Nixon visits the Soviet Union. 1976 – Air France Flight 139 (Tel Aviv-Athens-Paris) is hijacked en route to Paris by the PLO and redirected to Entebbe, Uganda. 1977 – France grants independence to Djibouti. 1980 – The 'Ustica massacre': Itavia Flight 870 crashes in the sea while en route from Bologna to Palermo, Italy, killing all 81 on board. 1981 – The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issues its "Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China", laying the blame for the Cultural Revolution on Mao Zedong. 1982 – Space Shuttle Columbia launched from the Kennedy Space Center on the final research and development flight mission, STS-4. 1988 – The Gare de Lyon rail accident in Paris, France, kills 56 people. 1991 – Slovenia, after declaring independence two days before is invaded by Yugoslav troops, tanks, and aircraft starting the Ten-Day War. 1994 – Members of the Aum Shinrikyo cult release sarin gas in Matsumoto, Japan. Seven people are killed, 660 injured. 2007 – Tony Blair resigns as British Prime Minister, a position he had held since 1997. His Chancellor, Gordon Brown succeeds him. 2007 – The Brazilian Military Police invades the favelas of Complexo do Alemão in an episode which is remembered as the Complexo do Alemão massacre. 2008 – In a highly scrutinized election President of Zimbabwe Robert Mugabe is re-elected in a landslide after his opponent Morgan Tsvangirai had withdrawn a week earlier, citing violence against his party's supporters. 2013 – NASA launches the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, a space probe to observe the Sun. 2014 – At least fourteen people are killed when a Gas Authority of India Limited pipeline explodes in the East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, India. 2015 – A midair explosion from flammable powder at a recreational water park in Taiwan injures at least 510 people with about 183 in serious condition in intensive care. 2017 – A series of powerful cyberattacks using the Petya malware begins that swamped websites of Ukrainian organizations and counterparts with Ukrainian connections around the globe.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 6.27

1358 – The Republic of Ragusa is founded. 1497 – Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England. 1556 – The thirteen Stratford Martyrs are burned at the stake near London for their Protestant beliefs. 1743 – In the Battle of Dettingen, George II becomes the last reigning British monarch to participate in a battle. 1759 – General James Wolfe begins the siege of Quebec. 1760 – Cherokee warriors defeat British forces at the Battle of Echoee near present-day Otto, North Carolina during the Anglo-Cherokee War. 1806 – British forces take Buenos Aires during the first of the British invasions of the River Plate. 1844 – Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, and his brother Hyrum Smith, are killed by a mob at the Carthage, Illinois jail. 1864 – Confederate forces defeat Union forces during the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain during the Atlanta Campaign of the American Civil War. 1895 – The inaugural run of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's Royal Blue from Washington, D.C., to New York City, the first U.S. passenger train to use electric locomotives. 1898 – The first solo circumnavigation of the globe is completed by Joshua Slocum from Briar Island, Nova Scotia. 1905 – During the Russo-Japanese War, sailors start a mutiny aboard the Russian battleship Potemkin. 1927 – Prime Minister of Japan Tanaka Giichi convenes an eleven-day conference to discuss Japan's strategy in China. The Tanaka Memorial, a forged plan for world domination, is later claimed to be a secret report leaked from this conference. 1941 – Romanian authorities launch one of the most violent pogroms in Jewish history in the city of Iași, resulting in the murder of at least 13,266 Jews. 1941 – German troops capture the city of Białystok during Operation Barbarossa. 1946 – In the Canadian Citizenship Act, the Parliament of Canada establishes the definition of Canadian citizenship. 1950 – The United States decides to send troops to fight in the Korean War. 1952 – Guatemala passes Decree 900, ordering the redistribution of uncultivated land. 1954 – The Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant, the Soviet Union's first nuclear power station, opens in Obninsk, near Moscow. 1954 – The FIFA World Cup quarterfinal match between Hungary and Brazil, highly anticipated to be exciting, instead turns violent, with three players ejected and further fighting continuing after the game. 1957 – Hurricane Audrey makes landfall near the Texas–Louisiana border, killing over 400 people, mainly in and around Cameron, Louisiana. 1971 – After only three years in business, rock promoter Bill Graham closes Fillmore East in New York, the "Church of Rock and Roll". 1973 – The President of Uruguay Juan María Bordaberry dissolves Parliament and establishes a dictatorship. 1974 – U.S. president Richard Nixon visits the Soviet Union. 1976 – Air France Flight 139 (Tel Aviv-Athens-Paris) is hijacked en route to Paris by the PLO and redirected to Entebbe, Uganda. 1977 – France grants independence to Djibouti. 1980 – The 'Ustica massacre': Itavia Flight 870 crashes in the sea while en route from Bologna to Palermo, Italy, killing all 81 on board. 1981 – The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issues its "Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China", laying the blame for the Cultural Revolution on Mao Zedong. 1982 – Space Shuttle Columbia launched from the Kennedy Space Center on the final research and development flight mission, STS-4. 1988 – The Gare de Lyon rail accident in Paris, France, kills 56 people. 1991 – Slovenia, after declaring independence two days before is invaded by Yugoslav troops, tanks, and aircraft starting the Ten-Day War. 1994 – Members of the Aum Shinrikyo cult release sarin gas in Matsumoto, Japan. Seven people are killed, 660 injured. 2007 – Tony Blair resigns as British Prime Minister, a position he had held since 1997. 2007 – The Brazilian Military Police invades the favelas of Complexo do Alemão in an episode which is remembered as the Complexo do Alemão massacre. 2008 – In a highly scrutizined election President of Zimbabwe Robert Mugabe is re-elected in a landslide after his opponent Morgan Tsvangirai had withdrawn a week earlier, citing violence against his party's supporters. 2013 – NASA launches the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, a space probe to observe the Sun. 2014 – At least fourteen people are killed when a Gas Authority of India Limited pipeline explodes in the East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, India. 2015 – A midair explosion from flammable powder at a recreational water park in Taiwan injures at least 510 people with about 183 in serious condition in intensive care. 2017 – A series of powerful cyberattacks using the Petya malware begins that swamped websites of Ukrainian organizations and counterparts with Ukrainian connections around the globe.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 6.27

1358 – The Republic of Ragusa is founded. 1497 – Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England. 1556 – The thirteen Stratford Martyrs are burned at the stake near London for their Protestant beliefs. 1743 – In the Battle of Dettingen, George II becomes the last reigning British monarch to participate in a battle. 1759 – General James Wolfe begins the siege of Quebec. 1760 – Cherokee warriors defeat British forces at the Battle of Echoee near present-day Otto, North Carolina during the Anglo-Cherokee War. 1806 – British forces take Buenos Aires during the first of the British invasions of the River Plate. 1844 – Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, and his brother Hyrum Smith, are killed by a mob at the Carthage, Illinois jail. 1864 – Confederate forces defeat Union forces during the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain during the Atlanta Campaign of the American Civil War. 1895 – The inaugural run of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's Royal Blue from Washington, D.C., to New York City, the first U.S. passenger train to use electric locomotives. 1898 – The first solo circumnavigation of the globe is completed by Joshua Slocum from Briar Island, Nova Scotia. 1905 – During the Russo-Japanese War, sailors start a mutiny aboard the Russian battleship Potemkin. 1927 – Prime Minister of Japan Tanaka Giichi convenes an eleven-day conference to discuss Japan's strategy in China. The Tanaka Memorial, a forged plan for world domination, is later claimed to be a secret report leaked from this conference. 1941 – Romanian authorities launch one of the most violent pogroms in Jewish history in the city of Iași, resulting in the murder of at least 13,266 Jews. 1941 – German troops capture the city of Białystok during Operation Barbarossa. 1946 – In the Canadian Citizenship Act, the Parliament of Canada establishes the definition of Canadian citizenship. 1950 – The United States decides to send troops to fight in the Korean War. 1952 – Guatemala passes Decree 900, ordering the redistribution of uncultivated land. 1954 – The Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant, the Soviet Union's first nuclear power station, opens in Obninsk, near Moscow. 1954 – The 1954 FIFA World Cup quarterfinal match between Hungary and Brazil, highly anticipated to be exciting, instead turns violent, with three players ejected and further fighting continuing after the game. 1957 – Hurricane Audrey makes landfall near the Texas–Louisiana border, killing over 400 people, mainly in and around Cameron, Louisiana. 1971 – After only three years in business, rock promoter Bill Graham closes Fillmore East in New York, the "Church of Rock and Roll". 1973 – The President of Uruguay Juan María Bordaberry dissolves Parliament and establishes a dictatorship. 1974 – U.S. president Richard Nixon visits the Soviet Union. 1976 – Air France Flight 139 (Tel Aviv-Athens-Paris) is hijacked en route to Paris by the PLO and redirected to Entebbe, Uganda. 1977 – France grants independence to Djibouti. 1980 – Aerolinee Itavia Flight 870, also known in Italy as the Ustica disaster, mysteriously explodes in mid-air while en route from Bologna, to Palermo, Italy, killing all 81 on board. 1981 – The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issues its "Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China", laying the blame for the Cultural Revolution on Mao Zedong. 1982 – Space Shuttle Columbia launched from the Kennedy Space Center on the final research and development flight mission, STS-4. 1988 – The Gare de Lyon rail accident in Paris, France, kills 56 people. 1991 – Slovenia, after declaring independence two days before is invaded by Yugoslav troops, tanks, and aircraft starting the Ten-Day War. 1994 – Members of the Aum Shinrikyo cult release sarin gas in Matsumoto, Japan. Seven people are killed, 660 injured. 2007 – Tony Blair resigns as British Prime Minister, a position he had held since 1997. 2007 – The Brazilian Military Police invades the favelas of Complexo do Alemão in an episode which is remembered as the Complexo do Alemão massacre. 2008 – In a highly scrutizined election President of Zimbabwe Robert Mugabe is re-elected in a landslide after his opponent Morgan Tsvangirai had withdrawn a week earlier, citing violence against his party's supporters. 2013 – NASA launches the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, a space probe to observe the Sun. 2014 – At least fourteen people are killed when a Gas Authority of India Limited pipeline explodes in the East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, India. 2015 – A midair explosion from flammable powder at a recreational water park in Taiwan injures at least 510 people with about 183 in serious condition in intensive care.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 6.27

1358 – The Republic of Ragusa (Republic of Dubrovnik) is founded. 1497 – Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England. 1556 – The thirteen Stratford Martyrs are burned at the stake near London for their Protestant beliefs. 1743 – In the Battle of Dettingen, George II becomes the last reigning British monarch to participate in a battle. 1759 – General James Wolfe begins the siege of Quebec. 1760 – Cherokee warriors defeat British forces at the Battle of Echoee near present-day Otto, North Carolina during the Anglo-Cherokee War. 1806 – British forces take Buenos Aires during the first British invasions of the River Plate. 1844 – Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, and his brother Hyrum Smith, are killed by a mob at the Carthage, Illinois jail. 1864 – Confederate forces defeat Union forces during the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain during the Atlanta Campaign of the American Civil War. 1895 – The inaugural run of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's Royal Blue from Washington, D.C., to New York City, the first U.S. passenger train to use electric locomotives. 1898 – The first solo circumnavigation of the globe is completed by Joshua Slocum from Briar Island, Nova Scotia. 1905 – During the Russo-Japanese War, sailors start a mutiny aboard the Russian battleship Potemkin. 1927 – Prime Minister of Japan Tanaka Giichi leads a conference to discuss Japan's plans for China; later, a document detailing these plans, the "Tanaka Memorial" is leaked, although it is now considered a forgery. 1941 – Romanian authorities launch one of the most violent pogroms in Jewish history in the city of Iași, resulting in the murder of at least 13,266 Jews. 1941 – German troops capture the city of Białystok during Operation Barbarossa. 1946 – In the Canadian Citizenship Act, the Parliament of Canada establishes the definition of Canadian citizenship. 1950 – The United States decides to send troops to fight in the Korean War. 1952 – Guatemala passes Decree 900, ordering the redistribution of uncultivated land. 1954 – The Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant, the Soviet Union's first nuclear power station, opens in Obninsk, near Moscow. 1954 – The 1954 FIFA World Cup quarterfinal match between Hungary and Brazil, highly anticipated to be exciting, instead turns violent, with three players ejected and further fighting continuing after the game. 1957 – Hurricane Audrey makes landfall near the Texas–Louisiana border, killing over 400 people, mainly in and around Cameron, Louisiana. 1971 – After only three years in business, rock promoter Bill Graham closes Fillmore East in New York, the "Church of Rock and Roll". 1973 – The President of Uruguay Juan María Bordaberry dissolves Parliament and establishes a dictatorship. 1974 – U.S. president Richard Nixon visits the Soviet Union. 1976 – Air France Flight 139 (Tel Aviv-Athens-Paris) is hijacked en route to Paris by the PLO and redirected to Entebbe, Uganda. 1977 – France grants independence to Djibouti. 1980 – Aerolinee Itavia Flight 870, also known in Italy as the Ustica disaster, mysteriously explodes in mid-air while en route from Bologna, to Palermo, Italy, killing all 81 on board. 1981 – The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issues its "Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China", laying the blame for the Cultural Revolution on Mao Zedong. 1982 – Space Shuttle Columbia launched from the Kennedy Space Center on the final research and development flight mission, STS-4. 1988 – The Gare de Lyon rail accident in Paris, France, kills 56 people. 1991 – Slovenia, after declaring independence two days before is invaded by Yugoslav troops, tanks, and aircraft starting the Ten-Day War. 1994 – Members of the Aum Shinrikyo cult release sarin gas in Matsumoto, Japan; Seven people are killed, 660 injured. 2007 – Tony Blair resigns as British Prime Minister, a position he had held since 1997. 2007 – The Brazilian Military Police invades the favelas of Complexo do Alemão in an episode which is remembered as the Complexo do Alemão massacre. 2008 – In a highly scrutizined election President of Zimbabwe Robert Mugabe is re-elected in a landslide after his opponent Morgan Tsvangirai had withdrawn a week earlier, citing violence against his party's supporters. 2013 – NASA launches the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, a space probe to observe the Sun. 2014 – At least fourteen people are killed when a Gas Authority of India Limited pipeline explodes in the East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, India. 2015 – A midair explosion from flammable powder at a recreational water park in Taiwan injures at least 510 people with about 183 in serious condition in intensive care.