#Hammaguir

[lapseudosphere]

5. Comportement et lieux d'intérêt (pseudossier : le phénomène ovni)

À lire avant pour ne pas être trop perdu :

1. Petit historique - Partie 1

Pseudocomplément : l'affaire Roswell

2. Petit historique - Partie 2

3. Petit historique - Partie 3

4. Caractéristiques générales

Je remercie les chercheuses et chercheurs cité·e·s dans ce pseudossier pour leurs travaux. Pour réaliser ce pseudossier, je me suis appuyé sur des films documentaires, des interviews vidéos, des ouvrages, des articles de presse ou de sites internet. Je remercie les pseudosphéristes passionnés qui en sont à l’origine.

Principales pseudosources :

Je me suis appuyé sur l’ouvrage suivant pour l’ensemble de ce pseudossier : Franck Maurin, Les mystères du phénomène ovni - de la préhistoire à nos jours, Éditions La Vallée Heureuse, 2016

Durée des observations d'ovnis : https://rr0.org/time/1/9/7/4/07/20/LesOvnisUneRealite/

Statistiques sur le nombre de témoins par observation : Éric Zurcher, les apparitions mondiales d'humanoïdes, Éditions Le Temps Présent, 2018

Plage horaire des observations d'ovnis d'après une étude canadienne : http://www.canadianuforeport.com/survey/UFOsOverCanada.pdf (page 53)

Quasi-collision le 6 janvier 1995 : Chaîne ParaNormal ChaNNel, Un Boeing 737 évite une collision de justesse avec un OVNI à Manchester (Angleterre) - 1995 (https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x3oei9f)

Possible collision avec un ovni en août 1946 : (en anglais) Timothy Good, A Need to Know: UFOs, the Military and Intelligence, Sidgwick and Jackson, 2006 (page 39)

Disparition de Frederick Valentich : https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cas_Valentich

Combat aérien au Pérou : Leslie Kean, Ovnis, des généraux des pilotes et des officiels parlent, Editions Dervy, 2010 (pages 125 à 132)

La bataille de Los Angeles : https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_Los_Angeles

La nuit des ovnis : Egon Kragel et Yves Couprie, Ovnis - Enquête sur un secret d'États, Éditions Le cherche midi, 2010 (page 19) (en anglais) https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/11414787 Chaine Nuréa TV, « Rencontres entre Pilotes et OVNIs » avec Franck Maurin (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RDYFt3DCf2w&t=8892s, à 2 h 44 min 20 s)

Ovnis en forme de seringue : Éric Zurcher, les apparitions mondiales d'humanoïdes, Éditions Le Temps Présent, 2018 (pages 310 - 311)

Message télépathique à l'approche d'un ovni : Ouvrage collectif sous la direction de Fabrice Bonvin, Ovnis et conscience, Éditions le Temps Présent, 2015 (p.81)

Col de Vence : Egon Kragel et Yves Couprie, Ovnis - Enquête sur un secret d'États, Éditions Le cherche midi, 2010 (pages 261-262)

Occupation des territoires par les ovnis dans les lieux légendaires ou par vagues : Éric Zurcher, les apparitions mondiales d'humanoïdes, Éditions Le Temps Présent, 2018 (pages 275 à 276)

Black Out 1965 : (en anglais) https://ufologie.patrickgross.org/htm/blackout65.htm (en anglais) http://www.santafeghostandhistorytours.com/UFO-BLACKOUT-1965.html https://ufologie.patrickgross.org/ce3/1965-11-09-usa-newyorkcityf.htm (en anglais) http://ufoexperiences.blogspot.com/2005_09_01_archive.html

Ovni de l'aéroport de Bariloche en Argentine : (en espagnol) https://www.elcordillerano.com.ar/noticias/2016/08/01/18748-caso-polanco-hace-21-anos-un-ovni-volo-sobre-bariloche

Concernant le lien entre le phénomène ovni et le nucléaire, voici deux vidéos très complètes diffusées sur le média Nuréa TV : https://nurea.tv/ovnis-et-centrales-nucleaires-avec-stephane-royer/ https://nurea.tv/ovnis-et-armes-nucleaires-avec-stephane-royer/

Ovnis survolant les complexes militaires entre 1947 et 1952 : Egon Kragel et Yves Couprie, Ovnis - Enquête sur un secret d'États, Éditions Le cherche midi, 2010 (pages 195-196) https://ufologie.patrickgross.org/htm/tf.htm#twinkle Chaine Nuréa TV, OVNIs et Armes Nucléaires avec Stéphane Royer (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=spUw8NaRlhI&t=4028s, à 7 min 20)

Cas de Vanderberg en 1964 : Stéphane Royer et Didier Gomez, Ovnis et nucléaire, Éditions JMG, 2021 (pages 37-38 et 326-327) (en anglais) https://nypost.com/2021/10/21/former-air-force-chief-claims-he-once-saw-ufo-firing-at-nuke-missiles-launched-from-secret-base/

Cas d'intrusions dans les années 70 : Jean Gabriel Greslé, Documents interdits - La fin d'un secret, Éditions Dervy (revue et augmentée), 2020 (pages 209 à 221)

Cas de Warren en 2010 : Stéphane Royer et Didier Gomez, Ovnis et nucléaire, Éditions JMG, 2021 (pages 72 à 83)

Cas de Byelokoroviche (1982) et de Kasputin Yar (1989) : Stéphane Royer et Didier Gomez, Ovnis et nucléaire, Éditions JMG, 2021 (pages 139 à 147)

Cas d'Hammaguir (1964) : Stéphane Royer et Didier Gomez, Ovnis et nucléaire, Éditions JMG, 2021 (pages 86 à 91)

Vidéo d'ovni au-dessus de la centrale de Fukushima : https://www.20min.ch/fr/story/un-ovni-apercu-au-dessus-de-fukushima-726743804556

Ovnis dans la région de Fukushima : (en anglais) https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/uk-science-tech-weekend-features-project/article-11854841/The-Japanese-mountain-magnet-UFOs.html (en anglais) https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2023/03/21/national/fukushima-ufo-sightings/

Catastrophe de Tchernobyl : Stéphane Royer et Didier Gomez, Ovnis et nucléaire, Éditions JMG, 2021 (pages 228 à 238) Didier van Cauwelaert, Intégrale Dictionnaire de l'impossible, Éditeur Plon, 2013 (voir "Tchernobyl") https://www.laradioactivite.com/site/pages/Querelledechiffres.htm

Activité des ovnis en Iran et au-dessus des gisements d'uranium : Stéphane Royer et Didier Gomez, Ovnis et nucléaire, Éditions JMG, 2021 (pages 293, 294, 315 et 316)

Études statistiques sur le lien entre les ovnis et le nucléaire, ainsi que sur la corrélation avec le mégatonnage : Stéphane Royer et Didier Gomez, Ovnis et nucléaire, Éditions JMG, 2021 (pages 31, 32, 320 et 321)

[mapsontheweb]

Orbital launch capable countries

by maps.and_politics

This post is about the ability of some countries to send objects into orbit using their own launch vehicles.  Also shown are countries that have abandoned their orbital launch projects and countries that have projects in development or planned. The first releases from each country/organization were: 1) ⚒ Soviet Union (1957): Launch of the Sputnik 1 satellite by Sputnik-PS in Baikonur, Kazakhstan 2) 🇺🇲 United States (1958): Launch of the Explorer 1 satellite by Juno 1, in Cape Canaveral. 3) 🇫🇷 France (1965): Launch of the Astérix satellite by Diamant A, in Hammaguir, Algeria 4) 🇯🇵 Japan (1970): Launch of the Ohsumi satellite by the Lambda-4S, in Uchinoura 5) 🇨🇳 China (1970): Launch of the Dong Fang Hong I satellite by Long March 1 in Jinquan 6) 🇬🇧 United Kingdom (1971): Launch of the Prospero satellite by the Black Arrow in Woomera, Australia 7) 🇪🇺 ESA (1979): Launch of CAT-1 satellite by Ariane 1 in Kurou, French Guiana 8) 🇮🇳 India (1980): Launch of the Rohini 1 satellite by SLV in Sriharikota 9) ���🇱 Israel (1988): Launch of the Ofeq 1 satellite by Shavit in Palmachim 10) 🇺🇦 Ukraine (1991): Launch of the Strela-3 satellite by Tsyklon-3 in Plesetsk, Russia 11) 🇷🇺 Russia (1992): Launch of the Kosmos 2175 satellite by Soyuz-U in Plesetsk 12) 🇮🇷 Iran (2009): Launch of the Omid satellite by Safir-1A in Semnan 13) 🇰🇵 North Coria (2012): Launch of the Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Unit 2 satellite by Unha-3, in Sohae 14) 🇰🇷 South Korea (2013): Launch of the STSat-2C satellite by Naro-1, at Naro Space Center

[air470]

[becauseimfrenchandproudofit]

Félicette first cat in space sent up on 18 October 1963 in an AGI No47 Véronique rocke launched from the Centre interarmées d'essais d'engins spéciaux at Hammaguir

[tessasibarani]

SATELIT : 10 MACAM SATELIT BUATAN BESERTA GAMBAR DAN PENJELASANNYA

Hallo guys✨….

Ketemu lagi di blog ini, pada kesempatan ini kita akan membahas tentang satelit. pembahasan ini tentunya masih berhubungan dengan blog minggu lalu. Tetapi kali ini kita akan lebih fokus membahas tentang satelit buatan atau satelit yang dibuat oleh manusia. 

Pertama-tama apakah kalian masih ingat apa itu satelit?

Kalian pasti sudah tidak asing lagi, bukan, dengan kata satelit? 

Satelit adalah sebuah objek yang berputar mengelilingi objek yang lebih besar. Secara umum, terdapat dua tipe satelit yang tersedia, yakni satelit alam dan satelit buatan.

Satelit Alami yaitu Satelit yang memang berasal dari alam, contoh sederhananya adalah bulan yang menjadi satelit alami bagi bumi. Bumi dan planet-planet lain dalam tata surya kita juga menjadi satelit alami dari matahari.

Satelit Buatan yaitu Satelit yang dibuat oleh manusia ditempatkan disuatu orbit menggunakan kendaraan peluncur untuk fungsi tertentu, untuk komunikasi, pemetaan, monitor cuaca dan lain sebagainya. Contohnya seperti satelit Palapa A1, Libertad 1, Azur, Intasat dan masih banyak lagi. Apa aja sih? Yuk, simak lebih lanjut!                                           

                                MACAM-MACAM SATELIT BUATAN

1. SATELIT EXPLORER 1

Explorer 1 adalah satelit bumi pertama Amerika Serikat, diluncurkan sebagai bagian dari partisipasi dalam Tahun Geofisika Internasional.  Explorer 1 diluncurkan pada tanggal 31 Januari 1958 pukul 22:48 Waktu Timur (sama dengan tanggal 1 Februari 03:48 UTC karena perubahan berjalannya waktu lewat tengah malam) di atas pendorong Juno pertama dari LC-26 di Cape Canaveral Missile Annex, Florida. Ini adalah pesawat ruang angkasa pertama yang mendeteksi sabuk radiasi Van Allen, data kembali sampai baterainya lemah setelah hampir empat bulan.

sumber :https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explorer_1 

2. SATELIT PROBA 1

Proba ( Proyek Otonomi On-Board ), berganti nama menjadi Proba-1 , adalah Belgia satelit diluncurkan di atas sebuah Indian Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle oleh ISRO pada 22 Oktober 2001.  Dengan masa hidup awal 1 hingga 2 tahun, satelit merayakan tahun ke-16 operasinya pada 2017. Pada 9 Maret 2018, ia melampaui ERS-2 sebagai misi observasi Bumi terlama yang dioperasikan oleh ESA sepanjang masa.

sumber :https://translate.google.com/translate?u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PROBA&hl=id&sl=en&tl=id&client=srp&prev=search

3. SATELIT LIBERTAD 1 

Libertad 1 adalah CubeSat tunggal yang dibangun oleh Program Luar Angkasa Universitas Sergio Arboleda di Kolombia . Ini adalah satelit Kolombia pertama yang dikirim ke orbit. Itu diluncurkan di atas roket Dnepr pada 17 April 2007 dari Baikonur Cosmodrome , Kazakhstan dan menjadi satelit Kolombia pertama yang mengorbit Bumi. Satelit diharapkan memiliki umur 50 hari, namun laporan berita dua tahun setelah diluncurkan menyatakan satelit masih bekerja dan mengirim informasi, melewati Kolombia dua kali sehari.

sumber :https://translate.google.com/translate?u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertad_1&hl=id&sl=en&tl=id&client=srp&prev=search

4. SATELIT SINA 1

Sina-1 (Persia: سینا ۱‎‎) adalah satelit buatan Iran pertama, diluncurkan pada 06:52 UTC 28 Oktober 2005 di muatan kendaraan peluncuran Rusia Cosmos-3M dari Kosmodrom Plesetsk. satelit sina -1 bertujuan untuk telekomunikasi dan penelitian Bumi. 

sumber :https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sina-1

5. SATELIT PALAPA A1

Palapa A1 adalah satelit pertama yang dimiliki Indonesia dan dioperasikan oleh Perumtel. Palapa A1 diluncurkan pada tanggal 8 Juli 1976 dengan roket Delta 2914, dan beroperasi sejak tanggal 9 Juli 1976 hingga tahun 1983 di 83 BT. Satelit ini merupakan awal program Satelit Palapa yang dimulai sejak Februari 1975, oleh karena itu kontrak yang diberikan ke Boeing Satellite Systems (dahulu dikenal dengan Hughes Space and Communication Inc.) dari Amerika Serikat saat itu termasuk pembangunan 9 stasiun bumi, 1 stasiun kontrol utama, dan pengadaan 2 satelit (Palapa A1 dan A2). Pembangunan 10 stasiun tersebut diselesaikan dalam waktu 17 bulan, salah satu yang tercepat bagi Boeing. Program satelit Palapa yang mulai beroperasi sejak tahun 1976 ini menempatkan Indonesia menjadi negara ketiga di dunia yang mengoperasikan Sistem Komunikasi Satelit Domestik dengan menggunakan Satelit GSO.Nama Palapa sendiri dipilih oleh Presiden Soeharto pada bulan Juli 1975.

sumber :https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palapa_A1

6. SATELIT AZUR   

Azur (juga disebut GRS-A) adalah satelit ilmiah pertama Jerman Barat . Diluncurkan pada 8 November 1969, ia mempelajari sabuk Van Allen , partikel matahari, dan aurora . Pembangunan satelit dilakukan oleh Ludwig Bölkow , salah satu pelopor penerbangan Jerman, dan dengan partisipasi perusahaan Jerman lainnya.

sumber :https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=id&sl=en&tl=id&u=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAzur_(satellite)&client=srp&prev=search

7. SATELIT THOR 2

Thor (sebelumnya dikenal sebagai Marcopolo ) adalah keluarga dari satelit dirancang, diluncurkan dan diuji oleh Hughes Space dan Komunikasi (sekarang bagian dari Boeing Satellite Systems ) untuk British Satellite Broadcasting (BSB), dan digunakan untuk Inggris 's Direct Broadcast Service . Thor dimiliki oleh Telenor . [1] Marcopolo 1 diluncurkan pada 27 Agustus 1989 pada peluncuran roket Delta ke-187. Meskipun satelit bekerja sesuai rancangan, BSB [4] bergabung dengan Sky Television untuk membentuk British Sky Broadcasting dan satelit BSB dijual dan diganti namanya. Hal ini juga mengakibatkan usang antena penerimaan satelit Squarial , yang dirancang hanya untuk beroperasi dengan Thor 1.

sumber :https://translate.google.com/translate?u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor_(satellite)&hl=id&sl=en&tl=id&client=srp&prev=search

8. SATELIT TURKSAT 1B

Turksat 1B adalah satelit komunikasi Turki sebagai bagian dari proyek untuk membentuk jaringan instan dengan dua satelit geosinkron yang diawasi oleh perusahaan Türksat A.Ş. di Turki dan Aérospatiale di Perancis . Türksat 1B diluncurkan oleh Arianespace di atas kendaraan peluncur Ariane-44LP H10 + , bersama dengan satelit Brasil Brasilsat B1 , dalam peluncuran muatan ganda pada 10 Agustus 1994 pukul 23:05 UTC dari ELA-2 di Guiana Space Center di Kourou , Guyana Prancis. Satelit berhasil ditempatkan ke orbit transfer geostasioner dan ditempatkan pada 42 ° BT .

sumber :https://translate.google.com/translate?u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C3%25BCrksat_1B&hl=id&sl=en&tl=id&client=srp&prev=search

9. SATELIT ANS

Astronomical Netherlands Satellite (ANS, juga dikenal sebagai Astronomische Nederlandse Satelliet) adalah teleskop ruang berbasis X-ray dan ultraviolet. Ini diluncurkan ke orbit Bumi pada tanggal 30 Agustus 1974 di 14:07:39 UTC dalam roket Scout dari Vandenberg Air Force Base, Amerika Serikat. Misi berlangsung selama 20 bulan hingga Juni 1976, dan didanai bersama oleh Netherlands Institute for Space Research dan NASA. ANS adalah satelit Belanda pertama, dan asteroid Main Belt 9996 ANS dinamakan setelah itu.

sumber :https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_Netherlands_Satellite

10. SATELIT ASTERIX

Satelit Asterix merupakan satelit pertama buatan Perancis yang diluncurkan pada tanggal 26 November tahun 1965. Satelit Asterix sendiri diluncurkan dengan menggunakan roket tipa A dari Diammant Hammaguir di sebuah tempat di Aljazair, Timur Tengah (yang pada saat itu telah memperoleh kemerdekaan dari Perancis). Nama saltelit ini sendiri sebenarnya bukan Asterix. Satelit ini pada awalnya ditunjuk A-1 yakni sebagai satelit pertama Angkatan Darat Perancis, lalu berganti nama menjadi Asterix setelah populernya nama tokoh kartun asal Perancis yaitu Asterix si manusia roket. Fungsi atau manfaat yang dimiliki oleh satelit Asterix adalah untuk mengeksplorasi luar angsaka. Maksudnya adalah satelit ini bertugas untuk melakukan penjelajahan di luar angkasa dan untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai objek- objek yang ada di luar angkasa.

sumber :https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ast%C3%A9rix_(satelit) 

Sekian penjelasan tentang contoh-contoh satelit buatan bedasarkan asal negara, kegunaan, tanggal peluncuran, dan sumber refrensinya. Dari penejelasan diatas sebenarnya masih banyak lagi satelit buatan lainnya, kalian bisa mecari refrensi pada link di bawah ini : 

 https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20190224165952-4-57322/ternyata-ada-4312-satelit-dari-89-negara-yang-mengangkasa

Mohon Maaf jika masih ada kekurangan kata maupun materi dalam blog ini. Sekian dari saya, Terima kasih, dan Sampai jumpa 😊 .

[thecatchroniclesworld]

Félicette, the only cat to have gone into space. In 1963 she took off from the Hammaguir launching site in colonial Algeria. She had electrodes implanted in her brain in order to receive an send impulses to Earth.

Note: video is in French and 9:34 minutes long, only the first 2 minutes have English CC. 

[arifnews]

Algerijns-Russische en Marokkaans-Franse militaire oefeningen in Noord-Afrika

Algerijns-Russische en Marokkaans-Franse militaire oefeningen in Noord-Afrika

De Algerijnse en Russische legers zullen in november dit jaar een militaire antiterrorismeoefening houden in Algerije. De oefening zal plaatsvinden op het trainingsveld van Hammaguir, op enkele kilometers van de grens met het Allawitisch koninkrijk. Volgens het persbericht van het Russische leger zullen 80 Russische speciale troepen deelnemen aan deze oefening. Afgelopen maand waren het de…

[cheghano]

قاعدة حماقير بولاية بشار لاطلاق الصواريخ الفضائية (Hammaguir)

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 11.26

783 – The Asturian queen Adosinda is held at a monastery to prevent her kin from retaking the throne from Mauregatus. 1161 – Battle of Caishi: A Song dynasty fleet fights a naval engagement with Jin dynasty ships on the Yangtze river during the Jin–Song Wars. 1476 – Vlad the Impaler defeats Basarab Laiota with the help of Stephen the Great and Stephen V Báthory and becomes the ruler of Wallachia for the third time. 1778 – In the Hawaiian Islands, Captain James Cook becomes the first European to visit Maui. 1789 – A national Thanksgiving Day is observed in the United States as proclaimed by President George Washington at the request of Congress. 1805 – Official opening of Thomas Telford's Pontcysyllte Aqueduct. 1812 – The Battle of Berezina begins during Napoleon's retreat from Russia. 1825 – At Union College in Schenectady, New York, a group of college students form the Kappa Alpha Society, the first college social fraternity. 1842 – The University of Notre Dame is founded. 1863 – United States President Abraham Lincoln proclaims November 26 as a national Thanksgiving Day, to be celebrated annually on the final Thursday of November. Following the Franksgiving controversy from 1939 to 1941, it has been observed on the fourth Thursday in 1942 and subsequent years. 1865 – Battle of Papudo: A Spanish navy schooner is defeated by a Chilean corvette north of Valparaíso, Chile. 1917 – The Manchester Guardian publishes the 1916 secret Sykes-Picot Agreement between the United Kingdom and France. 1917 – The National Hockey League is formed, with the Montreal Canadiens, Montreal Wanderers, Ottawa Senators, Quebec Bulldogs, and Toronto Arenas as its first teams. 1918 – The Montenegran Podgorica Assembly votes for a "union of the people", declaring assimilation into the Kingdom of Serbia. 1922 – Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon become the first people to enter the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun in over 3000 years. 1922 – The Toll of the Sea debuts as the first general release film to use two-tone Technicolor. (The Gulf Between was the first film to do so, but it was not widely distributed.) 1939 – Shelling of Mainila: The Soviet Army orchestrates an incident which is used to justify the start of the Winter War with Finland four days later. 1941 – World War II: Japan's 1st Air Fleet departs the Kuril Islands to strike Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. 1942 – World War II: Yugoslav Partisans convene the first meeting of the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia at Bihać in northwestern Bosnia. 1942 – Casablanca, the movie starring Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman, premieres in New York City. 1943 – World War II: HMT Rohna is sunk by the Luftwaffe in an air attack in the Mediterranean north of Béjaïa, Algeria. 1944 – World War II: A German V-2 rocket hits a Woolworth's shop in London, United Kingdom, killing 168 people. 1944 – World War II: Germany begins V-1 and V-2 attacks on Antwerp, Belgium. 1949 – The Constituent Assembly of India adopts the constitution presented by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. 1950 – Korean War: Troops from the People's Republic of China launch a massive counterattack in North Korea against South Korean and United Nations forces (Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River and Battle of Chosin Reservoir), ending any hopes of a quick end to the conflict. 1965 – At the Hammaguir launch facility in the Algerian Sahara, France launches a Diamant-A rocket with its first satellite, Asterix-1, on board. 1968 – Vietnam War: United States Air Force helicopter pilot James P. Fleming rescues an Army Special Forces unit pinned down by Viet Cong fire. He is later awarded the Medal of Honor. 1970 – In Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe, 1.5 inches (38.1 mm) of rain fall in a minute, the heaviest rainfall ever recorded. 1976 – "Anarchy in the U.K.", the debut single of the Sex Pistols, is released, heralding the arrival of punk rock 1977 – An unidentified hijacker named Vrillon, claiming to be the representative of the "Ashtar Galactic Command", takes over Britain's Southern Television for six minutes, starting at 5:12 pm. 1983 – Brink's-Mat robbery: In London, 6,800 gold bars worth nearly £26 million are stolen from the Brink's-Mat vault at Heathrow Airport. 1986 – Iran–Contra affair: U.S. President Ronald Reagan announces the members of what will become known as the Tower Commission. 1986 – The trial of John Demjanjuk, accused of committing war crimes as a guard at the Nazi Treblinka extermination camp, starts in Jerusalem. 1991 – National Assembly of Azerbaijan abolishes the autonomous status of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast of Azerbaijan and renames several cities back to their original names. 1998 – Tony Blair becomes the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom to address the Oireachtas, the parliament of the Republic of Ireland. 1998 – The Khanna rail disaster takes 212 lives in Khanna, Ludhiana, India. 1999 – The 7.5 Mw  Ambrym earthquake shakes Vanuatu and a destructive tsunami follows. Ten people were killed and forty were injured. 2000 – George W. Bush is certified the winner of Florida's electoral votes by Katherine Harris, going on to win the United States presidential election, despite losing in the national popular vote. 2003 – The Concorde makes its final flight, over Bristol, England. 2004 – Ruzhou School massacre: A man stabs and kills eight people and seriously wounds another four in a school dormitory in Ruzhou, China. 2004 – The last Poʻouli (Black-faced honeycreeper) dies of avian malaria in the Maui Bird Conservation Center in Olinda, Hawaii, before it could breed, making the species in all probability extinct. 2008 – Mumbai attacks by Lashkar-e-Taiba. 2011 – NATO attack in Pakistan: NATO forces in Afghanistan attack a Pakistani check post in a friendly fire incident, killing 24 soldiers and wounding 13 others. 2011 – The Mars Science Laboratory launches to Mars with the Curiosity Rover. 2018 – The robotic probe Insight lands on Elysium Planitia, Mars.

[nofomoartworld]

Hyperallergic: Crowdfunding a Memorial to Félicette, the First Cat Astronaut

Screenprint illustration of Félicette by Louise Zergaeng Pomeroy (courtesy Matthew Serge Guy)

Félicette was one of many animals who were involuntary participants in the early stages of space exploration. The black-and-white cat was rocketed into space on October 18, 1963, by the French space program, becoming the first, and only, feline astronaut. Over 50 years after her successful flight, a Kickstarter project is crowdfunding to honor her memory with a public statue.

Félicette after landing back on Earth (courtesy Matthew Serge Guy)

“I was touched by how, out of all the animal astronauts’ stories, Félicette’s story seems to be the one that’s become twisted the most over the years, with some people even thinking she was a male cat named Felix,” Matthew Serge Guy, who created the statue project, told Hyperallergic. “By proposing a statue, I guess I was hoping to set her story straight in a big way.”

As Guy, a creative director at Anomaly London, explains on the Kickstarter page, he discovered her story on a tea towel in their staff kitchen. The representation on the towel didn’t look much like Félicette, or include her name, but he was drawn to the overlooked story. Even later commemorative stamps for her journey called her the male name of “Felix.” And while Ham, the “astrochimp” who was the first hominid sent to space in 1961, was buried at the International Space Hall of Fame, and Laika, the Soviet space dog launched on Sputnik 2 in 1957, has a bronze at the Star City cosmonaut training facility, there is no memorial for this small cat.

Félicette in a screenshot from ina.fr (courtesy Matthew Serge Guy)

She was chosen out of a group of 14 kitties as the most calm and ready for the arduous trip on a Véronique AG1 rocket. It was launched from Hammaguir, Algeria, and the French astrocat spent five minutes weightless, propelled to a height of 157 kilometers, before parachuting back to Earth. Remarkably, Félicette survived, and was studied for two or three months in a laboratory. Then she was euthanized so scientist could examine the electrodes planted in her brain. Some space animals were celebrated as heroes, such as the chimp Ham, and Belka and Strelka who were part of a Soviet mission in 1960. Félicette was confined to obscurity.

“Space cat back alive,” The Sydney Morning Herald (October 20, 1963) (courtesy Matthew Serge Guy)

Sketches for a potential statue of Félicette (courtesy Matthew Serge Guy)

“I guess by the nature of most statues, an individual has to take the spotlight,” Guy stated. “But they are a symbol of many others. Certainly, the other 13 cats involved in the French space program also had a normal cat’s life taken away from them — I couldn’t find any real information on what happened to them.” He added, “I see it as similar to how Laika’s memorial also speaks to the several other Soviet canine astronauts.”

If the crowdfunding is successful, the statue is planned to be designed by sculptor Gill Parker, known for her animal bronzes, and installed in Félicette’s hometown: Paris. A preliminary sketch depicts a cat and a rocket, with a plaque featuring supporters’ names.

Before humans experienced weightlessness, and traveled to the Moon, there were these animals who gave their lives to a mission they could not possibly understand. Félicette followed Hector, a rat launched by the French space program in 1961; spiders Arabella and Anita spun webs on Skylab 3 in 1973; two tortoises were stowed on the 1968 Soviet spacecraft that circled the Moon. And many more unnamed animals were employed over the decades. In the glory surrounded human’s advancement into space, the use of animals for testing is often forgotten, and a tribute to Félicette could recall these unwilling sacrifices.

A statue to Félicette, the first cat in space is funding through November 17 on Kickstarter.

The post Crowdfunding a Memorial to Félicette, the First Cat Astronaut appeared first on Hyperallergic.

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[droitaerien]

Il y a 50 ans, la France quittait la base d'Hammaguir, en Algérie

http://www.air-cosmos.com/il-y-a-50-ans-la-france-quittait-la-base-d-hammaguir-en-algerie-97203 Avec la Seconde Guerre mondiale, de nouveaux systèmes d’arme ont fait leur apparition, dont les missiles. En France, les militaires souhaitent rapidement développer ces types d’engin. Pour cela, il fallait avoir un site approprié pour les expérimenter, notamment pour ne pas mettre en danger les populations. Dès 1946, l’armée de Terre...

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 11.26

783 – The Asturian queen Adosinda is held at a monastery to prevent her kin from retaking the throne from Mauregatus. 1161 – Battle of Caishi: A Song dynasty fleet fights a naval engagement with Jin dynasty ships on the Yangtze river during the Jin–Song Wars. 1476 – Vlad the Impaler defeats Basarab Laiota with the help of Stephen the Great and Stephen V Báthory and becomes the ruler of Wallachia for the third time. 1778 – In the Hawaiian Islands, Captain James Cook becomes the first European to visit Maui. 1789 – A national Thanksgiving Day is observed in the United States as proclaimed by President George Washington at the request of Congress. 1805 – Official opening of Thomas Telford's Pontcysyllte Aqueduct. 1812 – The Battle of Berezina begins during Napoleon's retreat from Russia. 1825 – At Union College in Schenectady, New York, a group of college students form the Kappa Alpha Society, the first college social fraternity. 1842 – The University of Notre Dame is founded. 1863 – United States President Abraham Lincoln proclaims November 26 as a national Thanksgiving Day, to be celebrated annually on the final Thursday of November. Following the Franksgiving controversy from 1939 to 1941, it has been observed on the fourth Thursday in 1942 and subsequent years. 1865 – Battle of Papudo: A Spanish navy schooner is defeated by a Chilean corvette north of Valparaíso, Chile. 1917 – The Manchester Guardian publishes the 1916 secret Sykes-Picot Agreement between the United Kingdom and France. 1917 – The National Hockey League is formed, with the Montreal Canadiens, Montreal Wanderers, Ottawa Senators, Quebec Bulldogs, and Toronto Arenas as its first teams. 1918 – The Montenegran Podgorica Assembly votes for a "union of the people", declaring assimilation into the Kingdom of Serbia. 1922 – Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon become the first people to enter the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun in over 3000 years. 1922 – The Toll of the Sea debuts as the first general release film to use two-tone Technicolor. (The Gulf Between was the first film to do so, but it was not widely distributed.) 1939 – Shelling of Mainila: The Soviet Army orchestrates an incident which is used to justify the start of the Winter War with Finland four days later. 1941 – World War II: The Kido Butai (Japanese Combined Fleet) leaves the Kuril Islands to strike Pearl Harbor on December 7 1941. 1942 – World War II: Yugoslav Partisans convene the first meeting of the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia at Bihać in northwestern Bosnia. 1942 – Casablanca, the movie starring Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman, premieres in New York City 1943 – World War II: HMT Rohna is sunk by the Luftwaffe in an air attack in the Mediterranean north of Béjaïa, Algeria. 1944 – World War II: A German V-2 rocket hits a Woolworth's shop in London, United Kingdom, killing 168 people. 1944 – World War II: Germany begins V-1 and V-2 attacks on Antwerp, Belgium. 1949 – The Constituent Assembly of India adopts the constitution presented by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. 1950 – Korean War: Troops from the People's Republic of China launch a massive counterattack in North Korea against South Korean and United Nations forces (Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River and Battle of Chosin Reservoir), ending any hopes of a quick end to the conflict. 1965 – At the Hammaguir launch facility in the Algerian Sahara, France launches a Diamant-A rocket with its first satellite, Asterix-1, on board. 1968 – Vietnam War: United States Air Force helicopter pilot James P. Fleming rescues an Army Special Forces unit pinned down by Viet Cong fire. He is later awarded the Medal of Honor. 1970 – In Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe, 1.5 inches (38.1 mm) of rain fall in a minute, the heaviest rainfall ever recorded. 1976 – "Anarchy in the U.K.", the debut single of the Sex Pistols, is released, heralding the arrival of punk rock 1977 – An unidentified hijacker named Vrillon, claiming to be the representative of the "Ashtar Galactic Command", takes over Britain's Southern Television for six minutes, starting at 5:12 pm. 1983 – Brink's-Mat robbery: In London, 6,800 gold bars worth nearly £26 million are stolen from the Brink's-Mat vault at Heathrow Airport. 1986 – Iran–Contra affair: U.S. President Ronald Reagan announces the members of what will become known as the Tower Commission. 1986 – The trial of John Demjanjuk, accused of committing war crimes as a guard at the Nazi Treblinka extermination camp, starts in Jerusalem.[1] 1990 – The Delta II rocket makes its maiden flight. 1991 – National Assembly of Azerbaijan abolishes the autonomous status of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast of Azerbaijan and renames several cities back to their original names. 1998 – Tony Blair becomes the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom to address the Oireachtas, the parliament of the Republic of Ireland. 1998 – The Khanna rail disaster takes 212 lives in Khanna, Ludhiana, India. 1999 – The 7.5 Mw Ambrym earthquake shakes Vanuatu and a destructive tsunami follows. Ten people were killed and forty were injured. 2000 – George W. Bush is certified the winner of Florida's electoral votes by Katherine Harris, going on to win the United States presidential election, despite losing in the national popular vote. 2003 – The Concorde makes its final flight, over Bristol, England. 2004 – Ruzhou School massacre: A man stabs and kills eight people and seriously wounds another four in a school dormitory in Ruzhou, China. 2004 – The last Poʻouli (Black-faced honeycreeper) dies of avian malaria in the Maui Bird Conservation Center in Olinda, Hawaii, before it could breed, making the species in all probability extinct. 2008 – Mumbai attacks by Lashkar-e-Taiba. 2011 – NATO attack in Pakistan: NATO forces in Afghanistan attack a Pakistani check post in a friendly fire incident, killing 24 soldiers and wounding 13 others. 2011 – The Mars Science Laboratory launches to Mars with the Curiosity Rover.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 11.26

783 – The Asturian queen Adosinda is held at a monastery to prevent her kin from retaking the throne from Mauregatus. 1161 – Battle of Caishi: A Song dynasty fleet fights a naval engagement with Jin dynasty ships on the Yangtze river during the Jin–Song Wars. 1476 – Vlad the Impaler defeats Basarab Laiota with the help of Stephen the Great and Stephen V Báthory and becomes the ruler of Wallachia for the third time. 1778 – In the Hawaiian Islands, Captain James Cook becomes the first European to visit Maui. 1789 – A national Thanksgiving Day is observed in the United States as proclaimed by President George Washington at the request of Congress. 1805 – Official opening of Thomas Telford's Pontcysyllte Aqueduct. 1812 – The Battle of Berezina begins during Napoleon's retreat from Russia. 1825 – At Union College in Schenectady, New York, a group of college students form the Kappa Alpha Society, the first college social fraternity. 1842 – The University of Notre Dame is founded. 1863 – United States President Abraham Lincoln proclaims November 26 as a national Thanksgiving Day, to be celebrated annually on the final Thursday of November. (Since 1941, it has been on the fourth Thursday.) 1865 – Battle of Papudo: A Spanish navy schooner is defeated by a Chilean corvette north of Valparaíso, Chile. 1917 – The Manchester Guardian publishes the 1916 secret Sykes-Picot Agreement between the United Kingdom and France. 1917 – The National Hockey League is formed, with the Montreal Canadiens, Montreal Wanderers, Ottawa Senators, Quebec Bulldogs, and Toronto Arenas as its first teams. 1918 – The Montenegran Podgorica Assembly votes for a "union of the people", declaring assimilation into the Kingdom of Serbia. 1922 – Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon become the first people to enter the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun in over 3000 years. 1922 – The Toll of the Sea debuts as the first general release film to use two-tone Technicolor. (The Gulf Between was the first film to do so, but it was not widely distributed.) 1939 – Shelling of Mainila: The Soviet Army orchestrates an incident which is used to justify the start of the Winter War with Finland four days later. 1942 – World War II: Yugoslav Partisans convene the first meeting of the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia at Bihać in northwestern Bosnia. 1942 – Casablanca, the movie starring Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman, premieres in New York City 1943 – World War II: HMT Rohna is sunk by the Luftwaffe in an air attack in the Mediterranean north of Béjaïa, Algeria. 1944 – World War II: A German V-2 rocket hits a Woolworth's shop in London, United Kingdom, killing 168 people. 1944 – World War II: Germany begins V-1 and V-2 attacks on Antwerp, Belgium. 1949 – The Constituent Assembly of India adopts the constitution presented by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. 1950 – Korean War: Troops from the People's Republic of China launch a massive counterattack in North Korea against South Korean and United Nations forces (Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River and Battle of Chosin Reservoir), ending any hopes of a quick end to the conflict. 1965 – In the Hammaguir launch facility in the Sahara Desert, France launches a Diamant-A rocket with its first satellite, Asterix-1, on board. 1968 – Vietnam War: United States Air Force helicopter pilot James P. Fleming rescues an Army Special Forces unit pinned down by Viet Cong fire. He is later awarded the Medal of Honor. 1970 – In Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe, 1.5 inches (38.1 mm) of rain fall in a minute, the heaviest rainfall ever recorded. 1976 – "Anarchy in the U.K.", the debut single of the Sex Pistols, is released, heralding the arrival of punk rock 1977 – An unidentified hijacker named Vrillon, claiming to be the representative of the "Ashtar Galactic Command", takes over Britain's Southern Television for six minutes, starting at 5:12 pm. 1983 – Brink's-Mat robbery: In London, 6,800 gold bars worth nearly £26 million are stolen from the Brink's-Mat vault at Heathrow Airport. 1986 – Iran–Contra affair: U.S. President Ronald Reagan announces the members of what will become known as the Tower Commission. 1990 – The Delta II rocket makes its maiden flight. 1991 – National Assembly of Azerbaijan abolishes the autonomous status of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast of Azerbaijan and renames several cities back to their original names. 1998 – Tony Blair becomes the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom to address the Oireachtas, the parliament of the Republic of Ireland. 1998 – The Khanna rail disaster takes 212 lives in Khanna, Ludhiana, India. 1999 – The 7.5 Mw Ambrym earthquake shakes Vanuatu and a destructive tsunami follows. Ten people were killed and forty were injured. 2000 – George W. Bush is certified the winner of Florida's electoral votes by Katherine Harris, going on to win the United States presidential election, despite losing in the national popular vote. 2003 – The Concorde makes its final flight, over Bristol, England. 2004 – Ruzhou School massacre: A man stabs and kills eight people and seriously wounds another four in a school dormitory in Ruzhou, China. 2004 – The last Poʻouli (Black-faced honeycreeper) dies of avian malaria in the Maui Bird Conservation Center in Olinda, Hawaii, before it could breed, making the species in all probability extinct. 2008 – Mumbai attacks by Lashkar-e-Taiba. 2011 – NATO attack in Pakistan: NATO forces in Afghanistan attack a Pakistani check post in a friendly fire incident, killing 24 soldiers and wounding 13 others. 2011 – The Mars Science Laboratory launches to Mars with the Curiosity Rover.