#High-Throughput

[dead-generations]

Another misconception, which I should roll into a wider "why the moon is harder than mars" essay, is that low gravity makes space travel easier. Low gravity actually makes landing on a body, and traveling to it, more energy intensive and more challenging - especially because lower gravity typically means less dense atmosphere or no atmosphere. Let me explain

High gravity is obviously a challenge for space travel, especially launching from a body with high gravity. I dont think this needs explaining - heavy thing hard go up, more gravity mean more heavy. but theres a bit of a bell curve here. Too low (moon) and it becomes quite challenging. Too high (a 'super earth') and it again becomes quite challenging.

This isn't a nice even curve though, the "ceiling" is relatively low as far as gravity for stellar bodies goes, and the lowest gravity possible is merely challenging while gravity above earth's rapidly becomes "impossible".

Specifically, to get to a stellar body you need to "intercept" it, which basically means getting to it and spending enough energy to be sharing an orbit with it/orbiting it. A low gravity stellar body has a weaker and smaller gravity well, which means you cannot simply rely on being 'captured' by the body when you arrive. You will need to expend energy to get there, and then you will need to expend almost as much energy when you arrive just to be captured by it!

Low gravity generally means its harder to land or orbit, and high gravity means its harder to launch. And high enough gravity also makes landing challenging as well, as the continual force upon the vehicle is high enough that small errors in the final landing sequence can become rapidly catastrophic. A little caveat here is that sufficiently low gravities enable SSTO vehicles, though they may not enter into the realm of "better than a two stage vehicle".

So there's a sweet spot here, clearly, but funnily enough the earth isn't in it. Our gravity is frustratingly high for takeoff and just a bit high for landing. In fact if it was just a bit higher, maybe 10%, a lot of things would become impossible, like reusable rockets. Mars is much closer to that sweet spot!

But the presence and density of atmosphere is another factor for space travel similar to gravity. It mainly effects landing/orbiting, similar to gravity. Atmosphere too dense/high, and lower orbits become problematic as they "drag" on the atmosphere. Worse, when landing/deorbiting, one cannot avoid aerobraking, and more challenging one cannot help but generate a lot of heat via atmospheric friction. Heat which requires fragile/expensive/high-mass shielding which is unproductive mass for 90% of the use of your vehicle. Heat which can blind instruments and communications equipment. And heat which is of course exceptionally good at destroying spacecraft and killing astronauts.

But too low is a more common problem which also makes landing quite challenging. You have less or, worse, (and commonly) no atmosphere on which to aerobrake. which means you are screaming towards the surface at an accelerating rate from whatever energy you spent getting to that stellar body. which means you need to expend energy, specifically fuel, to decelerate, or go splat. which means more propellant. You also cannot use control surfaces for navigation/control, you have to expend propellant for even minor adjustments, which means you need still more more propellant. which is a big no-no for the rocket equation - you will have less useful mass as a portion of your overall mass. which basically means less cool stuff and more boring stuff.

It seems youd have another sweet spot situation, and that perhaps earth has just the right amount of atmosphere. Crucially, however, atmospheric density greatly modifies the effects of high or low gravity, especially low gravity.

If you have no atmosphere or a very low density atmosphere on a very low gravity stellar body, you are looking at huge energy expenditures. You need to travel towards the body and then spend almost exactly as much energy when you arrive just to land on it. Probably in practice even more than you spent getting there because of maneuvering. Which means less useful mass and even more opportunities for errors to become quite severe, and a very real possibility of running out of propellant as you deorbit, meaning you will helplessly and lazily drift down uncontrolled into a splat which, even under lunar gravity, is likely to be sufficiently destructive. Or it just lands sideways which prevents functional operation (see: like three separate moon landing failures in the last couple years)

Energy expenditures in spaceflight are basically the biggest determinator for how difficult a mission is. It constrains your design space, it constrains how long a mission takes, and it constrains how much useful stuff you bring along (people, instrumentation, rovers, etc). Actually, it would be more accurate to say that energy expenditure is difficulty.

Additionally, and without going into too much detail on it, low density or no atmosphere means you also have to worry about kicking up particulates which will stay in the "air" for a very long time, and which are likely to be sharp or abrasive because of a lack of smoothing erosion by wind. This is a bigger issue than you might think.

Conversely, high density atmospheres, for all their faults, mean you can have reentry vehicles which require no propulsion, no active energy expenditure and thus no fuel, to safely deorbit and land. This is exactly what happens all the time. it is how capsules work, let the atmosphere bleed away your energy and use it for any maneuvering and then use parachutes for final descent, and a large body of water to ensure a soft landing. (this is why we call it spashdown). The space shuttle did something similar, except that it accomplished its final approach via controlled glide.

Here's the real trick though: if you have a sufficiently dense atmosphere on a lower gravity stellar body, you actually ameliorate almost all the downsides from the low gravity. You can use aerocapture instead of gravity capture to intercept a body, you can use control surfaces to manuever against the atmosphere, you can de orbit using aerobraking, and you can use aerobraking to perform most of the the work of landing. If the atmospheric density is low enough but not too low, you can even seriously reduce your need for heat shielding (and thus increase your useful mass) by simply making many many orbits while gently aerobraking, slowly bleeding away energy without generating significant heat via friction because the atmosphere just isn't very dense.

Unfortunately these circumstances will necessitate some propulsive landing on final descent. Parachutes are used on earth for that final bit of deceleration, but on a stellar body with lower atmospheric density, like mars, they simply are not fit for purpose. You have to put a lot of engineering into getting them to be just barely kinda good enough and still quite risky. It is better to just do propulsive landing in that sense, and the fuel expenditure will not be too great. You would need an atmosphere comparably dense to earths for a spaceplane like the shuttle to be a viable alternative method of landing.

There is however a problem with propulsive landing, which is that the payload of your lander is going to be significantly high above the surface. the engines and fuel tanks all need to be down the bottom and it has to land butt first, unlike a spaceplane. This is a design challenge, especially for deploying autonomous surface rovers.

You might well have guessed what I am getting at: in many ways mars is optimized for spaceflight. The moon presents significant challenges inherent to it, and the earth is at the upper end of comfortable/tolerable for spaceflight. If we had a much denser atmosphere or might higher gravity or both, spaceflight would be prohibitively challenging. Mars might even make SSTOs practical, though I am skeptical of that. The other thing I am getting at is that going to the moon is extremely challenging, and the thing that really makes it easier in any way over going to mars is that it is closer. Which matters of course, but it is not an inherent difficulty.

The last, petty point I am trying to make is that the space shuttle couldn't go to mars and it definitely super duper could not possibly be used to go to the moon.

[kamalkafir-blog]

Author Correction: DNA-guided transcription factor interactions extend human gene regulatory code

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party…

[gaurik27]

https://talkitter.com/read-blog/257445_hts-market-analysis-adoption-challenges-and-strategic-insights.html

[healthcare-updates-with-sns]

High Throughput Screening (HTS) Market Research Report 2024-2032

The High Throughput Screening (HTS) Market Size was valued at USD 25.80 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 69.46 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 12.18% over the forecast period 2024–2032. HTS plays a crucial role in rapidly filtering libraries of potential drug candidates, thereby accelerating the identification of promising leads and advancing patient-specific therapies.

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Regional Analysis

North America continues to lead the global HTS market, supported by a mature pharmaceutical industry, large-scale R&D initiatives, and favorable regulatory conditions. Europe remains a significant contributor, particularly in nations such as Germany, the UK, and France. Meanwhile, the Asia Pacific region is projected to experience the fastest growth, driven by rising investments, an expanding patient base, and the growing presence of pharmaceutical and biotech companies.

Market Segmentation

By Technology:

Cell-based Assays

Lab-on-a-chip Technology (LOC)

Label-free Technology

Ultra-High Throughput Screening

By Application:

Drug Discovery Programs

Chemical Biology Programs

Biochemical Screening

Cell & Organ-based Screening

By Product & Service:

Consumables

Instruments

Services

Software

By End User:

Pharmaceutical & Biopharmaceutical Companies

Academic & Research Institutes

Contract Research Organizations (CROs)

Others

KEY PLAYERS

The key market players include PerkinElmer Inc., Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc., Axxam SpA, Beckman Coulter Inc., Merck KGaA, Tecan Group Ltd, Agilent Technologies Inc., Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., GE Healthcare, Danaher Corporation & other players.

Key Highlights

Growing adoption of HTS in academic and research institutions

Expansion of open-access HTS labs

Continuous technological enhancements creating new growth opportunities

Increasing R&D investments across pharma and biotech sectors

Future Scope

The future of the High Throughput Screening market looks exceptionally promising. With rapid advancements in automation, data management, and artificial intelligence, HTS is expected to become even more precise, scalable, and cost-effective. The integration of machine learning into HTS workflows will enable deeper insights into compound interactions and pave the way for personalized medicine. As global health challenges evolve, HTS will continue to be a cornerstone in the timely development of new therapeutics.

Conclusion

The High Throughput Screening market is on a robust growth trajectory, driven by innovations in technology, a rising focus on precision medicine, and expanding research efforts across the globe. With its ability to streamline and speed up drug discovery, HTS is set to revolutionize the pharmaceutical landscape and deliver impactful therapeutic solutions to meet global healthcare demands

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Other Related Reports:

Cell Viability Assay Market

Medical Power Supply Market

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment Market

MRI Guided Neurosurgical Ablation Market

[ms2253]

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[superjackdavid]

Efficient High-Throughput Peptide Synthesis Solutions

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[cotaus-biomedical]

Cotaus® is a professional automated pipette tips manufacturer and supplier, providing customers with various specifications of automated pipette tips.

Automatic pipette tip series products suit various automatic experimental detection scenarios in the life science service industry. It is suitable for TECAN, Hamilton, Agilent, Beckman, Xantus, Apricot Designs, and other high-throughput automatic pipetting workstations, and automatic sampling systems, mainly used for liquid distribution and transfer, to achieve high-throughput operation of biological samples. The pipette tip was carefully designed and validated. We go through several strict quality controls to ensure product consistency. With excellent verticality and CV value, the pipette tips provide accurate pipetting performance.

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[omshinde5145]

Wi-Fi 7 Market Detailed Analysis and Forecast 2024–2030

The Wi-Fi 7 Market was valued at USD 1.1 billion in 2023 and will surpass USD 22.3 billion by 2030; growing at a CAGR of 53.7% during 2024 - 2030. The digital landscape is ever-evolving, and as our reliance on wireless technology grows, so does the need for faster, more reliable internet connections. Enter Wi-Fi 7, the latest standard in wireless technology, promising to revolutionize how we connect to the internet.

Wi-Fi 7 is designed to meet the demands of the increasingly connected world, offering enhanced speed, lower latency, and greater capacity. It operates in the 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz frequency bands, just like Wi-Fi 6E, but it introduces several key innovations:

Increased Bandwidth: Wi-Fi 7 supports channel widths of up to 320 MHz, double the 160 MHz available in Wi-Fi 6. This means faster data rates, which could reach up to 46 Gbps under ideal conditions.

Multi-Link Operation (MLO): This feature allows devices to transmit data across multiple bands simultaneously, reducing latency and increasing reliability. This is particularly beneficial for applications like online gaming, virtual reality (VR), and augmented reality (AR), where low latency is crucial.

1024-QAM and Beyond: Wi-Fi 7 introduces 4096-QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), up from 1024-QAM in Wi-Fi 6. This enhances the efficiency of data transmission, resulting in faster speeds.

Improved Spatial Streams: Wi-Fi 7 can support up to 16 spatial streams, compared to 8 in Wi-Fi 6, which significantly enhances throughput and network efficiency, particularly in dense environments.

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Market Outlook for Wi-Fi 7

The global Wi-Fi 7 market is anticipated to grow rapidly as the demand for high-speed internet and low-latency connections continues to surge. Several factors are driving this growth:

Increasing Demand for High-Bandwidth Applications: As more devices are connected to the internet, from smartphones and laptops to smart home devices and industrial IoT applications, the need for faster, more reliable Wi-Fi becomes critical. Wi-Fi 7's enhanced capabilities make it an ideal solution for these high-bandwidth applications.

Enterprise Adoption: Businesses are increasingly adopting advanced technologies like cloud computing, AI, and machine learning, all of which require robust and reliable internet connections. Wi-Fi 7's ability to deliver high-speed, low-latency connections will be crucial for supporting these technologies, making it a key driver for enterprise adoption.

Smart Homes and IoT: The smart home market is booming, with more devices than ever connected to home networks. Wi-Fi 7's ability to handle multiple devices simultaneously without compromising performance will be a significant advantage in this sector.

Telecommuting and Remote Work: The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the trend toward remote work, increasing the demand for reliable home internet connections. Wi-Fi 7 can provide the speed and reliability needed for seamless video conferencing, file sharing, and other remote work activities.

Challenges in the Wi-Fi 7 Market

Despite its promising potential, the Wi-Fi 7 market faces several challenges:

Cost of Implementation: Upgrading to Wi-Fi 7 will require new hardware, including routers and devices capable of supporting the new standard. This could be a significant investment for both consumers and businesses, potentially slowing adoption rates.

Compatibility and Interoperability: As with any new technology, ensuring compatibility with existing devices and networks is a challenge. Manufacturers will need to work together to ensure seamless interoperability across different devices and platforms.

Spectrum Availability: Wi-Fi 7 operates on the 6 GHz band, which is not yet available worldwide. Regulatory approval for this spectrum in different regions will be critical for the global adoption of Wi-Fi 7.

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Conclusion

Wi-Fi 7 represents a significant leap forward in wireless technology, offering the speed, capacity, and reliability needed to support the next generation of internet-connected devices and applications. While there are challenges to its widespread adoption, the benefits it brings to both consumers and enterprises are undeniable. As the market continues to evolve, Wi-Fi 7 is set to play a pivotal role in the future of wireless connectivity, driving innovation and enabling new possibilities in our increasingly digital world.

[labtroncc]

Automated Media Dispensing System

An Automated Media Dispensing System is a device used in laboratories, particularly in microbiology and molecular biology, to accurately dispense liquid media, such as agar, broth, or culture media, into petri dishes, tubes, or other containers.

[researchgroupreports]

The global high-throughput satellite market size reached US$ 12.0 Billion in 2023. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the market to reach US$ 56.3 Billion by 2032, exhibiting a growth rate (CAGR) of 18.16% during 2024-2032.