#Kim Ciobanu

[alettertosomeone]

𝘾𝙪𝙢 𝙞𝙣𝙛𝙡𝙪𝙚𝙣𝙩̦𝙚𝙖𝙯𝙖̆ 𝙨𝙖̆𝙧𝙗𝙖̆𝙩𝙤𝙧𝙞𝙡𝙚 𝙙𝙚 𝘾𝙧𝙖̆𝙘𝙞𝙪𝙣 𝙗𝙪𝙣𝙖̆𝙩𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙖 𝙤𝙖𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙞𝙡𝙤𝙧

Crăciunul a devenit cea mai prețuită sărbătoare a vremurilor de astăzi. Aproximativ două miliarde de oameni din întreaga lume sărbătoresc Crăciunul în fiecare an. Potrivit unui sondaj (Ekström, 2018) 95% dintre americani sărbătoresc această sărbătoare.

Crăciunul este, de asemenea, o sărbătoare oficială în toate țările europene, precum și în multe țări din Asia, Filipine celebrând cel mai lung sezon de Crăciun din lume. În timp ce Crăciunul a început inițial ca o sărbătoare religioasă a nașterii lui Iisus Hristos, este sărbătorit atât de creștini, cât și de necreștini (Centrul de Cercetare Pew, 2013). „Puține alte sărbători schimbă fața unei națiuni și comportamentul cetățenilor săi ca și Crăciunul” (Syrek, et al., 2018).

Otnes și colaboratorii (1994) sugerează că aproape toate cheltuielile de publicitate pentru jucăriile cele mai solicitate au loc în trimestrul septembrie. Prin urmare, dacă nivelul cheltuielilor consumatorilor este o măsură a activității de Crăciun, atunci perioada de Crăciun este o ocazie importantă, nu doar pentru afaceri, ci și pentru cei care fac achiziții pentru participarea la activitățile de Crăciun. În cele din urmă, oamenii cu sentimente și judecăți puternice și pozitive cu privire la Crăciun ar avea un nivel înalt de spirit de Crăciun care influențează cu adevărat desfășurarea activităților de Crăciun într-o manieră fericită și veselă.

Ideile conceptuale despre emoții și sentimente sunt importante deoarece oamenii consumă Crăciunul prin interacțiuni sacre și seculare care sunt fie un afect pozitiv, fie negativ. Studiile anterioare au folosit un profil de sentimente în subiecte de consum, cum ar fi strategiile de marketing, luarea deciziilor consumatorilor, și experiențele de consum. În general, sărbătorile de Crăciun și interacțiunile cu oferirea de cadouri atestă Crăciunul ca o ocazie de consum complexă, care este condusă de sentimente precum entuziasm, fericire, mândrie sau nostalgie; aceste stări de sentiment subiective sunt asociate cu o cunoaștere a ritualurilor și tradițiilor (Clarke, 2007).Într-un studiu elaborat pentru a cerceta dezvoltarea altruismului în perioada Crăciunului s-a constatat că luna decembrie este asociată cu o creștere cu 14% a probabilității de a face o donație, oferind astfel un sprijin puternic noțiunii de altruism sezonier. În al doilea rând, exploatând o reformă care a schimbat prețul dăruirii, se constată că acest efect de decembrie echivalează cu o reducere de 32% la donațiile caritabile (Ekström, 2018).

Text: Veronica Ciobanu & Sabina Ifrim

#ASPP #PSYCHOLOGICALPILL

Bibliografie

Clarke, P. (2007). A measure for Christmas spirit. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 24(1), 8–17. DOI:10.1108/07363760710720948

Ekström, M. (2018). Seasonal altruism: How Christmas shapes unsolicited charitable giving. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 153, 177–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2018.07.004

Otnes, C., Kim, Y.C. & Kim, K. (1994), “All I want for Christmas: an analysis of children’s brand requests to Santa Claus”, Journal of Popular Culture, Vol. 27, Spring, pp 183-95.

Syrek, C.J., Weigelt, O., Kuhnel, J., & Bloom, J. (2018). All I want for Christmas is recovery – changes in employee affective well-being before and after vacation, 1-21. DOI:10.1080/02678373.2018.1427816

[jurnaldeoltenia]

Proiectia Speciala „Intre Chin si Amin” la Cinema Patria

Proiectia Speciala „Intre Chin si Amin” la Cinema Patria

La 70 de ani de la debutul „Experimentului Pitești”, unul dintre cele mai odioase programe de reeducare din blocul comunist, a apărut și primul film românesc pe această temă. „Între chin și amin” ar trebui probabil difuzat la orele de istorie din clasa a 12-a. Filmul este o poveste tulburătoare de viață, petrecută într-una din cele mai crunte perioade din istoria modernă – reeducarea din…

[jeffozule]

Critcal Analysis of ‘Blue hues don't bring the blues: questioning notions of color–emotion associations’

Blues don’t bring the hues is article by Dr. Schloss, Dr. Lai and Dr. Witzel which was published in the May 2020 edition of the Journal of the optics society of America. The article was a report on their findings and hypothesis on color and emotion. They challenged the notion that blue provoked sad emotion while yellow happy and found that emotions were instead affected by brightness and saturation rather than hue itself. Recently I have been exploring how to color in my animations focusing mainly on the emotions and character design to aide my story telling. I have come across articles, book and movies on this which have all been helpful. However I found this research particularly interesting as it was conducted by psychologist from a psychological point of view. Dr. Karen Schloss is an assistant professor at the University of Wisconsin and holds a PhD Psychology at the University of California. Her primary focus is color researching information visualization, visual cognition, and aesthetic response. She has published an average of one article per year since 2010. Dr. Leslie Lai is a neuropsychologist and user experience researcher at Google and Dr.  Christozp Witzel is a lecturer in psychology the University of Southampton. It is important to note that these three Researchers all focus on psychology. Now to arrive at their hypothesis, they conducted 2 experiments. In both experiments the goal was to test of yellow was indeed happier than blue when the Value and saturation were controlled, the main difference in both experiments was that in the first experiment, the value and saturation were controlled statistically and in the second text, colorimentrically

In the first experiment, their hypothesis was ‘yellow were judged as happier than blues because of differences in lightness, rather than differences in hue’ (Schloss et.al. 2020) using value and saturation as the control. 48 participants were involved in this study and the data for the study included the emotion relation ratings for the Berkeley Color Project 37 (Palmer et al. 2010). The BCP -37 colors included 8 hues and two variations of Value and saturation for each hue in addition to three shades of grey, white and black. Here value and saturation was controlled statistically using various linear regression methods. The result of the experiment agreed with their hypothesis. However in the case of the red, the popular angry association with red was determined by the hue rather than the value or saturation unlike in the case of yellow and blue.

In the second experiment, they tested the hue difference controlling value and saturation by colorimetric analysis.  The experiment also involved gathering of more data on angry/not angry emotion relation with the color. For this test, 20 participants with normal color vision were involved. The participants were to judge emotional association for the combinations of 8 hues resulting in 32 colors, that’s is light, dark, saturated, and desaturated versions of each of the 8 hues.  The participants first went through a color and emotion relation test before completing a color appearance rating test. For the color and emotion relation test, the participants were shown one color at a time and their job was to rate the colors on a scale of happy versus sad and angry against not angry. The color appearance rating test was similar and the main difference was that the colors were described by their end points. That’s is comparing lighter versions against darker versions, yellow against blue and red against green. They found that when the colors were lighter, there was minimal difference in the emotions associated with the colors rather blue appeared to be happier when the colors were darker. Explaining further that when darker variations of yellow were identified by the participants as brown and brown has been reported to be related to sadness. Yellow was seen to be yellow only when it was light but blue was blue regardless of how light or dark it was. The researchers however also acknowledged that yellow has the highest potential of any chromatic colors to be associated with happiness because they can maximize value and saturation.

While the experiments were successful and produced results, it important to understand the researchers bias when conducting the study. They started the research with a hypothesis in mind and were looking to prove it that shows subjectivity. There is also a possible flaw in the procedure for the second experiment. The researchers said ‘We also assessed color appearance (red/green, yellow/blue, light/dark, saturated/desaturated), primarily to check that yellow hues appeared yellowish and blue hues appeared bluish even though the colors were desaturated’ (Schloss et.al. 2019). Yet when the results were recorded, participants of the study reported dark yellow hues as brown.

In spite of this bias and possibly flaw, the findings of the research by Scholoss et al (2019) was corroborated by Fugate and Franco (2019)’s study where they also found that light and chroma were more influential in color emotion perception rather than hue.  Fugate and Franco (2019) further explained that previous studies proving yellow happy emotions were at best experiment specific which can be reason for the findings of Jonauskaite et.al. (2019)’s study. Jonauskaite et.al. (2019) in their study noted that yellow in particular were associated with joy. Conducting a study across 55 countries, they explained that people who lived in countries with more rain equated yellow colors to sunshine and thus yellow to joy. In Bellatoni’s If its purple someone is gonna die (2013) book on how colors are used in movies to influence mood and tell stories. She delved into the versatility of yellow on moods, that “the more it is lightened, the more elegant it becomes” (Bellatoni, p.77, 2013 ). She also agreed with Scholss et. al. (2019) that when yellow was saturated or darkend “it becomes a color that is so visibly hostile that you back away from it” (Bellatoni, p.77, 2013).

References

Bellatoni, P. (2013). If its purple, someone’s gonna die: The power of color in visual story telling. Published by Taylor and Francis Ltd.

Fugate, J, M, B. & Franco, C, L. (2019) What Color is your Anger? Assessing Color emotion pairings in English speakers. Frontiers in Phycology. Vol. 10. Page 206. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00206/full (Viewed on 22 November 2020).

Jonauskaite, D.  Abdel-Khalek, A, M. Abu-Akel, A. Al- Rasheed, A. S. Antonietti, J. P. Ásgeirsson, A. G. Atitsogbe, K. A. Barma, M. Barratt, D. Bogushevskaya, V. Meziane, M. K. B. Chamseddine, A. Charernboon, T. Chkonia, E. . Ciobanu, T. Corona, V. Creed, A, Dael, N. Daouk, H. Dimitrova, N. Doorenbos, C.  Fomins, S. Fonseca-Pedrero, E. Gaspar, A. D. Gizdic, A. Griber, Y. Grimshaw, G. Aya, A. H. Jelena, H. Hirnstein, M. Karlsson, B. Kim, J. Laurent, E. Linderman, M. Manav, B. Marquardt, L. Mefoh, P. Mroczko-Wąsowicz, A. Mutandwa, P. Muthusi, S. Ngabolo, G. Oberfeld, D. Papadatou-Pastou, M. Perchtold-Stefan, C. M.  Pérez-Albéniz, A. Pouyan, N. Soron, T. R. Roinishvili, M. Romanyuk, L. Salgado-Montejo, A. Sultanova, A. Tau, R. Uusküla, M. Vainio, S. Vargas-Soto, V. Volkan, E. Wasowicz-Kirylo, G. Zdravković, S. Zhang, M and Mohr, C. The sun is no fun without rain, physical environment affect how we feel about yellow accross 55 countries. Journal of Environment psychology. December 2019. Vol. 66.

Palmer, S. E. & Schloss, K. B. (2010) An ecological valence theory of human color preference. National Academy of Science. 11th May 2010, 107(19): 8877-8882. https://www.pnas.org/content/107/19/8877

Schloss, K. B, Witzel, C. & Lai, Y. L. (2020) Blue hues don't bring the blues: questioning notions of color–emotion associations. Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision. 1st May 2020, 37(5):813-824. . https://www.osapublishing.org/josaa/fulltext.cfm?uri=josaa-37-5-813&id=431080