#Medford Public Library

[lorrainesletters]

Museum dillemas: Make it free or keep it paid?

Article by Mariz Lorraine | Uploaded on 20 May 2024

I was one of the many Medford High students that were forced to pay $80 out of pocket to go to this new aerospace museum in Houston. Did I sign up for it? No. Did I want to go? No. Even though I would rather sit through 2 hours of Pre-calculus than learn about the types of rockets, I still had to hand my life savings over to the school. This begs the question of should museums, no matter how interesting or boring they are, be made free? This article will explore the views the profit-hungry museums and we, the financially starving students, may have.

Expensive cost of being bored

The main reason that people would want museums to be free is that museums do not look or feel like they are worth spending an arm and a leg for. Not all of us want to roam around looking at weird depictions of Victorian women for hours. The boring experience of just aimlessly walking on the dimmed and cold hallways feels like an experience that should not be paid for. Would you really pay an institution to make you bored? Trust I won’t. Most museums do not even have guides or audio tapes that explain the abstract painting on the wall; you might have to just sit there with your thoughts and guess what Picasso tried to portray. The experience of going to a museum itself can be very independent, but for the amount of bands we’re handing over to them, we definitely expect royalty treatment. I would have most definitely enjoyed the aerospace museum if I had my personal Nikola Tesla explaining beside me. If museums were to become free, more people would be attracted to visit these museums because they do not have to sacrifice their hard-earned money for a dull experience.

The price of knowledge

Museums are places where amusing art, interesting information, delicate discoveries, expensive equipment, are all displayed and open for the public to look at. These museums are often visited by the people who are interested in the things on display (excluding students like us who go there due to our obligation). However, people have different income levels therefore not everyone interested in Vincent Van Gogh can pay $100 to visit the exhibits. Government officials believe that information should be accessible for people, so they make public schools free of tuition and make public libraries. But the niche information that many people desire is trapped behind dollar bills, making it hard for people to obtain it. If we were to make museums free, we would ensure that everyone can access these museums and access the knowledge and art that decorate it.

Money runs the world

Museums like the Louvre in Paris or the Metropolitan Museum in New York City bring in hundreds of thousands of visitors annually. All these visitors had to pay money in order to experience the art in these museums. These visitors, willingly or unwillingly, contributed their dollars to the millions of dollars in revenue that these museums get. This money is then enjoyed by future visitors because the money is used for museum upkeep and maintenance. Your $50 ensures that there are security officers guarding valuable paintings, that there are janitors to keep the building clean. Taking into consideration that art is very valuable, there certainly should be a hefty amount of money allocated to keep it looking like it did thousands of years ago and maintain its alluring appeal. Paintings cost millions of dollars, so museums have to recuperate the costs in ways that are easy – making visitors pay.

Accountability and responsibility

Handing over money to enter a museum is an act of commitment. Your money is now forever gone, in the hands of the cashier, never to be seen by your wallet ever again. This sacrifice makes you feel like you now have to go and see every single painting, sculpture, fossil, artifact in that museum to make your experience worth it. The payment also acts like a social contract: you have given your money, so you are given the privilege of going into the museum and now you have to act accordingly. Not everyone can afford to go to museums, tickets don’t come cheap. Therefore, the sole fact that you are able to hold that paper ticket on your hand and walk through the mahogany doors of the British Museum, is something that you should appreciate. The museum expects you to appreciate your privilege by making sure that you either go through all their curated pieces and appreciate the effort curators took or to make sure you act with proper decorum during your hour there.

So what's our final verdict?

We should not make paying to enter museums the norm solely due to the fact that it sustains the existence of the museum itself. Museums can get their funding through many other ways such as through donations, government tax money, and even through charity events. The prospect of more people enjoying the contents of a museum because it is free should be put into higher regard than revenue generation.

[pashterlengkap]

School board meetings are now routinely out of control. But can it be stopped?

For the longest time, comment periods at public meetings allowed average citizens to speak their minds about issues that were important to them. Sure, there were always some cranks who were there to complain about some imagined slight or malfeasance, but for the most part, the comment period was a somewhat sleepy example of democracy in action. Not anymore. And one of the primary reasons is LGBTQ+ issues in schools. In the wake of numerous rowdy, vicious, and even violent outbursts during public meetings, officials are grappling with controlling public comment periods, even as free speech advocates warn that doing so could violate First Amendment rights. Meanwhile, the meetings have become increasingly unsafe for LGBTQ+ people and their supporters, particularly school board members, who find themselves the target of attacks. Since the start of the current school year alone, public comment periods at school board meetings have descended into chaos and hateful LGBTQ+ rhetoric at numerous places. * A meeting in Caldwell, ID, ended in the audience yelling at school board members after a Republican state senator berated the board for considering an anti-discrimination policy to protect LGBTQ+ students. * Enraged parents in Grant, MI, stormed a school board meeting to complain about a student mural they deemed “Satanic” because it included pride flags. * A member of the fascist group Proud Boys showed up at a school board meeting in Camdenton County, MO, to intimidate a seventh-grade teacher who hung a small pride flag in her classroom.  * A school board meeting in Dearborn, MI, ended early after parents angry about LGBTQ+ books in school libraries shouted down board members.  A member of the LGBTQ+ community there to support the books had to be escorted to his car by police for his security. * Parents at a school board meeting in Medford, OR, demanded that a nonbinary teacher be fired, even though the board kept telling them that personnel issues were not discussed at the meeting. Perhaps the most notorious example of school board chaos happened in Loudon County, VA, in July 2021, when right-wing Christians staged a meltdown to protest policy to protect trans students. The event grew so disruptive that police were called and one man was arrested.  As it turns out, that was just the start of a series of protests across the state that month. Now anti-LGBTQ+ right-wingers – not all of whom are parents – are such a feature at school board meetings that disruptions are almost taken for granted. The question is, can elected officials do anything to stop them? Civil liberties advocates say that people have a right to express their opinion, no matter how obnoxious. “What does rude mean? What does courteous mean?” attorney Ruth Bourquin of the ACLU of Massachusetts told the Washington Post. The ACLU filed a brief supporting a challenge to the town of Southborough’s requirement that speakers refrain from “rude, personal or slanderous remarks.” The problem, of course, is that the rudeness isn’t directed solely at the board members. It’s also directed at the LGBTQ+ community and students in particular. The school board meetings foster an atmosphere of hate that inevitably spills over into the school community. Meanwhile, the enraged anti-LGBTQ+ crowds at the board meetings aren’t just there to express their opinions. They teeter dangerously on the edge of a mob, screaming threats at school board members. That’s a version of democracy that, thankfully, is still not taught in schools.   http://dlvr.it/ShZ5w2

[mplchameleon]

It’s Lesbian Visibility Week! To all lesbians out there -- congrats on being seen! And if you’re not out yet, that’s absolutely okay too. Coming out is your own journey, and there’s no rule on when, how, or if you ever do. 

YA fiction has really exploded in terms of sapphic rep, so here are just a few novels and graphic novels to hopefully help you see yourself represented across timelines and cultures. Representation is important especially for people who do not have local queer community to be involved in. So for teens out there who find their queer space in books -- I hope you make some new friends with these recommendations!

[elizaorelijah]

Week 4- Using Social Theory for Understanding Social Media (con’t)

In a nation that ignores issues regarding minorities and women, what are the disadvantages of the digital divide?

Most powerful political leaders of the nation are and continue to be older white men. They are uninvolved and indifferent towards minorities and women. Many issues involving people with little to no voice go without being heard and the digital divide does not lend a helping hand. Issues of these people are having to be taken to the streets to be heard. The Civil Rights Movement, women’s suffrage, the Million Women March, etc., all had to be taken to the streets to protest for a solution. The Million Women March was successful because women who partook in the event had access to computers and printers at work. Those women took the opportunity at their workplace to spread awareness to women in the “‘hood” and other cities who didn’t have the same access as they did (Everett, 2002, p. 131). The digital divide does not allow for a representation of certain peoples to express themselves and have their voices heard. They miss out on rights white men are obligated to having.

How did the nation create the notion that black people were not involved with technology?

In simple terms, the internet was a predominately white place in the nineties. There was such a thing as a high tech space and a low tech space to separate then discriminate the white and wealthy from the minorities and working classes. The nation was ignorant and believed that black people were less advanced and not online, but that was not the case. In fact, they were “early adopters in the once superelite culture of the embryonic information age” proving to be sophisticated in many advances of newer technology (Everett, 2002, p. 136). There was an abundance of colored people online despite the idea that they were less technologically advanced and not as intelligent to be involved. Overall, the nation’s racism is what blindsided people into believing that others could not keep up with the new changes of technology.

How does being racially coded negatively affect families and generations after?

Being racially coded means an individual’s name or address explains their narrative to other people. Their birth-given name acts as a stereotype of what other people should expect from that person in the future (Benjamin, 2019, p. 23). Others already have a preconceived notion if this person is going to be lazy, if that person is going to be trouble, if that person is going to study hard and go on to college, etc. Once racially coded, it is difficult to start fresh from everyone’s opinions, let alone an entire family. It is possible to change a name or a zip code, but it takes time and people will always have their opinions. If people always assume who an individual is, then there’s a likelihood that the individual will have a more difficult time proving people wrong. And the cycle continues each generation due to the stereotypes and preconceived notions that others put on the individuals with names of culture.

How does the United States continue to oppress people of color algorithmically?

The United States is all about the people being equal, but that is far from the truth. People of color are at disadvantages every day of their lives. It can stem from the color of their skin, to their names, to the location of where they live, to their income; there seems to be a disadvantage for everything. In Nobel’s novel, she continues the notion of how people of color automatically have the odds against them due to algorithms and redlining. With both, real estate agencies and banks can immediately flag an individual or make them pay higher interest rates simply due to the color of their skin (Nobel, 2018, p. 25). Online algorithms have shown to be racist and sexist against women of color in her text, yet libraries, schools, government agencies, and universities continue to use racist algorithms that continue to oppress people of color. Without a deep and secure transformation made to racist search engines, then that is how the inequality will continue to thrive in America.

Benjamin, R. (2019). Race after technology abolitionist: Tools for the new Jim code. Medford, MA: Polity Press.

Everett, A. (2002). The relationship revolution will be digitized: Afrocentricity and the digital public sphere. Social Text, 20(71), 125-146. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/01642472-20-2_71-125

Nobel, S. (2018). Algorithms of expression: How search engines reinforce racism. New York, NY: New York University Press.

[thebrewstorian]

This is the [incomplete] story of Oregon beer, part 2

This is the second part of the story of Oregon beer. 

Read This is the [incomplete] story of Oregon beer, part 1

This talk is based on an Oregon Encyclopedia article I wrote.

Last February I gave a talk at the Oregon Brewers Guild dinner. None of us knew what was ahead for public health, the economy, and social change. I love giving talks and will certainly repurpose this one, but for now, here are the slides and script with a few additions to reflect the pandemic shut down and updated screenshots from the beer guides.

https://guides.library.oregonstate.edu/beer_research

https://guides.library.oregonstate.edu/brewingarchives

In the spring of 1980, Charles and Shirley Coury, who had owned a vineyard for 13 years in Forest Grove, opened a brewery Portland. They called it Cartwright Brewing Company (Cartwright was Shirley’s maiden name) and their first offering was 150 cases of a mild, English-style ale called Cartwright Portland.

Coury found century-old beer beer-making recipes in “beautiful, old brewing textbooks” in the stacks of the Multnomah County Library. He also made Legal Lager and Deliverance Ale, the latter an attempt to raise money to keep the business open. The beer was nearly $1 per bottle, which was more than customers expected to pay; but the price point wasn’t the issue, the inconsistency was. Although Cartwright closed in 1981, it roused consumers’ appetite for a locally made, small-batch beer, but it also inspired the brewers who came a few years later.

The mid to late 1980s were an exciting time for Oregon Beer. 

Richard and Nancy Ponzi, also winemakers, opened Columbia River Brewing (later called BridgePort) and brothers Kurt and Rob opened Widmer Brewing (they added “Brothers” to the company’s name a few years later). Karl Ockert, a recent UC Davis graduate with a degree in winemaking, joined the Ponzis summer 1983 at their vineyard. He and Ponzi were interested in beer and began planning a brewery and portfolio of ales. One became their namesake: BridgePort Ale. Others followed: the award-winning BridgePort India Pale Ale, Blue Heron Pale Ale (named after Portland's official city bird), and a barley wine named "Old Knucklehead." BridgePort was acquired by The Gambrinus Company, owned by Carlos Alvarez, in 1995. Brewery operations ceased in February 2019, and the brew pub closed the next month.  

Kurt Widmer enjoyed homebrewing and full-flavored beer. After seeing Chuck Coury’s brewery he knew he had a chance at success. His brother quit his job, his father came out of retirement, and his sister in Germany joined as a partner. Their first beer was a Dusseldorf-style Alt and in 1986, they introduced their "Hefeweizen" to America. Rather than a traditional Hefeweizen characterized by distinctive yeast flavors, this was an unfiltered version of their existing wheat beer (Weizenbier) and used Cascade hops. They served it with a slice of lemon to accentuate the citrus flavors of the Cascade hops. In 2007, Redhook Ale Brewery and Widmer Brothers merged to form a new company called Craft Brewers Alliance, which was later renamed as Craft Brew Alliance. In January 2019, Widmer Brothers Brewing closed its taproom after 22 years. In November, 2019 Anheuser-Busch purchased the remainder of CBA.

Fred Bowman started homebrewing after receiving a “How To” guide from high school friend Jim Goodwin, who was also a talented jazz musician. They brewed test batches in Bowman’s basement and were soon joined by high school friend Art Larrance. In 1984, Bowman and Larrance had a franchise agreement for Portland Brewing Company to produce Bert Grant’s Scottish Ale and Russian Imperial Stout and had leased the 58-year-old Holly Farms creamery building in Portland, but they needed more money before they could open. The two raised $125,000 with a common stock offering and leased equipment from Imperial Leading in Lake Oswego. “Mac” MacTarnahan invested $25,000 and in 1992 they named MacTarnahan’s Pale Ale after him; it became the Portland Brewing’s flagship brew. By 1998 the company was in financial trouble, and that year MacTarnahan bought $3.5 million in debt in exchange for stock. Portland Brewing Company merged with Saxer Brewing Company of Lake Oswego in 2000. In 2004, MacTarnahan, then 88 years old, sold the company to Pyramid Breweries of Seattle. In 2008, Pyramid was acquired by Magic Hat Brewing Company, which was subsequently bought by North American Breweries and then by the Costa Rican company Florida Ice & Farm Company.

McMenamins is famous for brewpubs, music, and hotels. Many of their locations are in rehabilitated historical properties and at last nine are on the National Register of Historic Places. McMenamins was founded by brothers Mike and Brian McMenamin, who grew up in northeast Portland, Oregon. Their influence began in 1974 with the opening of Produce Row Café, which soon made a name as one of Portland's first bars devoted to quality imports and craft beer. Don Younger’s Horse Brass Pub, which opened in 1976, was also an essential component in increasing consumer access and awareness of imported and local beer, as well as provided a community space to share beer experiences. In 1985, the McMenamins opened Oregon’s first brewpub in the Southwest Portland neighborhood of Hillsdale with brew master Carlos Santos. They didn’t adhere to a style and their beers were often unsettling to brewing traditionalists; they used ingredients like blackberries, apples, blueberries, spices, and candy bars. Their first theater pub, and the first in Oregon, was the Mission Theater & Pub (1987). The company then entered the broader hospitality business starting in 1990, when they converted a 74-acre site (that at one time served as the Multnomah County Poor Farm) into McMenamins Edgefield.

One major event that impacted the trajectory of the beer industry in Oregon in the 1980s was legislation that married production and sales. 

Before 1985, brewpubs were essentially illegal in Oregon. The state’s post-Prohibition laws said alcohol manufacture and retail could not occur on the same premises; instead, breweries had to work with a third-party distributor to add taps and sell their product. Bowman, Larrance, the Ponzis, the Widmers, and the McMenamin were instrumental in lobbying to legalize the marriage of production and on-site sales. 

In early 1985 House Bill 2284 proposed a brewery-public house license that would allow the brewing and selling of malt beverages at the same location; however, wholesale beer suppliers feared new brewpubs would cut into business and launched a counter campaign. On May 9, 1985 HB 2284 was tabled and died. The second bill, SB 813, proposed a bed and breakfast license to permit the sale of beer and wine, as well as a brewery-public house license for manufacturers producing less than 25,000 barrels of malt beverage. On July 13, 1985, Governor Vic Atiyeh signed Senate Bill 813, the “Brewpub Bill,” into law. It allowed brewers to make and sell beer on the same premises, key for increasing revenue and gaining new customers.

Although growth over the next 10 years was slow, throughout the 1980s, four other breweries opened in other parts of the state: Full Sail Brewing (Hood River) and Oregon Trail Brewery (Corvallis) in 1987, and Deschutes Brewery (Bend) and Rogue Ales (originally in Ashland) in 1988. Portland has always had the largest concentration of breweries and Central Oregon has seen exceptional growth, but breweries have opened in new areas to attract diverse consumers. Examples include Calapooia (1993, Albany), Cascade Lakes Brewing Company (1994, Redmond), Terminal Gravity (1996, Enterprise), Barley Brown’s (1998, Baker City), Walkabout Brewing (1997, Medford), Ninkasi (2006, Eugene), Fort George (2007, Astoria), and Block 15 (2008, Corvallis).

A maturing industry needed skilled brewers and since its establishment in 1995, Oregon State University’s Fermentation Science program in the Food Science and Technology department has led brewer education. Homebrew clubs and organizations around Oregon have also provided training for future professionals. Founded in Portland in 1979, the Oregon Brew Crew is one of the oldest and largest home brewing clubs in the United States; it is appropriate that their meetings are held at F.H. Steinbart, a homebrew shop founded in 1918 and the oldest in the country. Other pioneering clubs include the Heart of the Valley Homebrewers (1982, Corvallis) and the Cascade Brewers Society (1982, Eugene).

The Oregon Brewers Guild fills an important role as a non-profit advocate for the state’s breweries; founded in 1992, it is one of the nation's oldest craft brewer associations. Two other important organizations to support increased gender equity in brewing started in Oregon. The Pink Boots Society was founded in 2007 by Teri Fahrendorf, former brewmaster at Steelhead Brewing in Eugene, as a professional organization to support women in the brewing industries. In 2011, Pink Boots members created Barley’s Angels as an educational community for consumers; it became its own organization in 2012.

In addition to more breweries to choose from, consumers had other ways to engage with beer. The Oregon Homebrew Festival, established in 1982, is the Pacific Northwest’s oldest homebrew competition; others followed, including the KLCC Brewfest Homebrew Competition and SheBrew. The Oregon Brewers Festival (established 1988) is one of the nation’s longest running and largest craft beer festivals; others throughout the state include the Portland Craft Beer Festival, the Festival of Dark Arts in Astoria, Bend Brewfest, and Mt. Angel's Oktoberfest.

The increasing popularity of homebrewing and accessibility of imported beers certainly had an impact on the preferences and palates of consumers, as did writing about beer in the public press. Fred Eckhardt was a well-known advocate, critic, educator, mentor, and historian, and his written work on beer and brewing encouraged generations of people to think about beer in new ways. Inspired by a 1972 visit to Anchor Steam Brewery, Eckhardt became an avid proponent of tasteful, complex craft brews. He urged people to focus on flavor, style, and experience in the Oregonian, and also wrote regular articles in national industry publications like Celebrator Beer News and All About Beer. He rose to prominence with his 1970 A Treatise on Lager Beers, a guide to homebrewing and the evolution of lager beer, and 1989 The Essentials of Beer Style. 

The Oregon Hops and Brewing Archives acquired his papers in 2015, and I feel incredibly lucky to have had the opportunity to preserve and provide access to materials that document such important moments in this history.

In more recent years, as print publications have folded, blogs, podcasts, and news aggregate sites have dominated Oregon beer news and information. Reporting about the beer industry has changed a lot in the past year, and I am grateful that there are still web sites like New School Beer and Brewpublic, as well as notable journalists and authors like Jeff Alworth, Denny Conn, and John Abernathy reporting on local issues.

Electronic, paper, oral histories? I’m interested in collecting all the things that document the industry. In the last year we’ve added collections from the Oregon Brewers Guild, Widmer Brothers Brewing, the Pink Boots Society and Barleys Angels.

We have Fred Eckhardt’s papers, as well as Denny Conns and a collection of research materials from Pete Dunlop. Other collections include Master Brewers of America District Northwest Chapter Records, the Oregon Hop Growers Association, and scanned collections from both Fred Bowman and Art Larrance.

Find a list of all collections and oral histories on the OHBA guide. 

[popcorn-kitten]

East Michigan Warming Centers

JACKSON COUNTY

King’s Center Shelter Intake: Call to be screened and added to the intake waitlist, (517) 788-4067 .  Hours: Intake screening: 8am-5pm Monday-Friday. 

Kelly Warming Center 607 W Main Street, Medford OR 97501 Intake: Shelter is accessed through an application process for the winter season. Call 541-499-0880 or walk in to Rogue Retreat, 1410 8th Street, Medford to fill out an application. Hours: Application: Monday-Friday 8am-5pm. Shelter: January 1-March 30, 2019 7 days per week 7pm-8am Serves: Unrestricted. No pets.

MACOMB COUNTY

Bruce Township Bruce Township Government Office: 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Monday through Friday at 223 East Gates; 586-752-4585. Center Line Center Line Parks & Recreation: 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Thursday and noon to 5 p.m. Friday at 25355 Lawrence; 586-758-8267. South Eastern Michigan Indians: 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Monday through Friday at 26641 Lawrence; 586-756-1350. Chesterfield Township Chesterfield Township Library: 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. Monday through Thursday, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Friday and 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Saturday at 50560 Patricia Avenue; 586-598-4900. Clinton Township Clinton-Macomb Main Library: 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. Monday through Thursday and 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. Friday and Saturday at 40900 Romeo Plank Road; 586-226-5000. Clinton-Macomb South Library: 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. Monday through Thursday and 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. Friday and Saturday at 35891 South Gratiot Avenue; 586-226-5070. Eastpointe Eastpointe Memorial Library:10 a.m. to 8 p.m. Monday through Thursday and noon to 5 p.m. Friday and Saturday at 15875 Oak; 586-445-5096. Harrison Township Harrison Township Government Office: 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Monday through Friday at 38151 L’Anse Creuse; 586-466-1400. Macomb Township Clinton-Macomb North Library: 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. Monday through Thursday and 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. Friday and Saturday at 16800 24 Mile Road; 586-226-5082. Memphis Memphis Public Library: Noon to 8 p.m. Monday and Thursday, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday and Wednesday through Saturday at 34830 Potter; 810-392-2980. Memphis Fire Department: As necessary during extreme temperature events at 35095 Potter; 810-392-2385. Mount Clemens Macomb County Health Department: 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday, and 8:30 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. Wednesday at the Central Health Service Center at 43525 Elizabeth Road; 586-469-5235.

Macomb County Sheriff’s Department: 24 hours a day Monday through Sunday at 43565 Elizabeth Street; 586-469-5151.

Martha T. BerryMedical Care Facility: 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. Monday through Sunday at 43533 Elizabeth Road; 586-469-5265

Ray of Hope Day Center: 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. Monday through Friday at Two Crocker Blvd., Suite 201; 586-329-4046. Richmond Lois Wagner Memorial Library: 11 a.m. to 7 p.m. Monday through Wednesday, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Thursday and Friday and 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. Saturday at 35200 Division Road; 586-727-2665. Roseville MCREST: As the temperatures drop in the next two days, MCREST will be able to shelter 60 men, women and children at 20415 Erin in Roseville; 586-415-5101.

Recreation Authority Center: 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. Monday through Friday at 18185 Sycamore; 586-445-5480. St. Clair Shores Macomb County Southeast Family Resource Center: 8:30 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. Monday and 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. Tuesday through Friday at 25401 Harper Avenue; 586-466-6800. Shelby Township Shelby Township Senior Center: 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Friday at 51670 Van Dyke; 586-739-7540. Utica Utica United Methodist Church: 8659 Canal, Sterling Heights; 586-731-7667. Warren Macomb County Health Department: 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Wednesday and Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. Thursday at the Southwest Health Center at 27690 Van Dyke; 586-465-8090.

Max Thompson Family Resource Center: 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. Thursday at 11370 Hupp; 586-759-9150.

Salvation Army MATTS (Macomb’s Answer To Temporary Shelter): Call for overnight shelter availability and location — 24140 Mound Road; 586-755-5191. Washington Township Washington Township Government Office: 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Friday at 57900 Van Dyke — a half-mile north of 26 Mile Road; 586-786-0010. OAKLAND COUNTY Auburn Hills Auburn Hills Community Center: 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday, 8 a.m. to 9 p.m. Tuesday through Friday and 10 a.m. to 9 p.m. Saturday at 1827 N Squirrel Road; 248-370-9353. Farmington Hills Costick Center: 28600 W. Eleven Mile Road between Middlebelt and Inkster from 6 a.m. to 10 p.m. Monday through Friday and 7 a.m. to 9 p.m. Saturday and Sunday; 248-473-1800. Ferndale Gerry Kulick Community Center: 9:30 a.m. to 8 p.m. Monday through Thursday, 9:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. Friday and 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Saturday and Sunday at 1201 Livernois Road. Lake Orion Orion Center: The building will reopen outside of regular business hours if large power outages exist in Orion Township community — 9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday, and 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. Thursday at 1335 Joslyn Road. Lathrup Village City of Lathrup Village City Hall: 6 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. at 27400 Southfield Road. Novi Meadowbrook Commons: 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Friday at 25075 Meadowbrook Road. Novi Civic Center: 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Friday at 45175 Ten Mile Road. The Novi Civic Center will be open Tuesday starting at 9 p.m. and remain open until 8 a.m. on Friday as a warming center for residents who need a warm place to rest. Residents will have access to clean restrooms, water, cell phone charging stations and free Wi-Fi.

Novi Public Library: 10 a.m. to 9 p.m. Monday through Thursday, 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Friday and Saturday, and noon to 6 p.m. Sunday at 45255 W. Ten Mile Road. Oak Park Oak Park Community Center: 8 a.m. to 10 p.m. Monday through Thursday at 14300 Oak Park Boulevard. Royal Oak Genesis the Church: 309 N. Main Street, Royal Oak, from Jan. 27 through Feb. 10. Southfield Covenant Presbyterian Church: 21575 W. 10 Mile Rd in Southfield from 6:30 a.m. to 8 p.m. Monday through Friday; 248-289-0213. Troy Troy Community Center: 5 a.m. to 10:30 p.m. Monday through Thursday, 5 a.m. to 10 p.m. Friday, 7 a.m. to 8 p.m. Saturday and 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. Sunday at 3179 Livernois Road. Wixom City of Wixom City Hall/Police Department: As long as it is dangerously cold at 49045 Pontiac Trail.

WASHTENAW COUNTY Ann Arbor NOTE: Weekday daytime shelter accommodations are available at local congregations at varying times, generally from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Delonis Center: An overnight warming center for those experiencing homelessness. The shelter is available at 6:30 p.m. every night between Nov. 12, 2018, and April 1, 2019. There is also onsite dinner provided at 5 p.m. The address is 312 W. Huron Street in Ann Arbor.

First Baptist Church: From Feb. 1 through Feb. 28 on Tuesdays and Thursdays — 517 East Washington in Ann Arbor.

First Congregational: From Feb. 1 through Feb. 28 on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays — 608 East William in Ann Arbor.

St. Mary’s Student Parish: From Jan. 1 to Jan. 31 at 331 Thompson in Ann Arbor. WAYNE COUNTY Canton Township Canton Public Library: 1200 S. Canton Center Road — 734-397-0999 –9 a.m. to 9 p.m. Monday through Thursday, 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. Friday and Saturday, noon to 6 p.m. Sunday.

Summit on the Park: 46000 Summit Parkway — 734-394-5460 — 5:30 a.m. to 10 p.m. Monday through Friday, 6 a.m. to 8 p.m. Saturday, 7 a.m. to 8 p.m. Sunday. Detroit Cass Community Social Services: Located at 1534 Webb, 40 beds are available and services are provided for families (male and female parents and children). The center is open from 4 p.m. to 8 a.m. Contact the Cass Community Social Services at (313) 883-2277.

Detroit Rescue Mission Ministries: 100 beds for men only. The center, located at 3535 Third Avenue near downtown Detroit, is open from 6 p.m. to 9 a.m. For information, contact the Detroit Rescue Mission at (313) 993-6703. Detroit Rescue Mission Ministries: Second location has 25 beds for women and children only. The center, located at 3840 Fairview between Mack and St. Jean, is open from 4:30 p.m. to 9 a.m. For information on this location, contact the Detroit Rescue Mission at (313) 331-8990.

Detroit VA: The Detroit VA will provide a warming center for area veterans and their families in room B1290 of its facility at 4646 John R in Detroit from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Monday and Tuesday.

Eastern Market Team Wellness Center: The doors are opening to the community this week as a public warming center for those seeking shelter from the frigid temperatures. The Eastern Market location will be available from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. daily at 2925 Russell street.

Team East Wellness Center: The doors are opening to the community this week as a public warming center for those seeking shelter from the frigid temperatures. The Team East location will be open 24 hours at 6309 Mack Avenue. Sumpter Township Sumpter Township Community Center: Due to the dangerously cold forecast for the rest of the week, the Sumpter Township Community Center is available as a warming center from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Tuesday through Friday. Special requests to extend the normal hours will be considered

[ilanarama]

This painting will be in the new Medford Public Library art show! It’s a view of the Mystic River across the street from the library.

[greaterpatchoguecom]

See what's in store for the planned Medford library at Jan. 25 virtual meeting

See what’s in store for the planned Medford library at Jan. 25 virtual meeting

The engineering and planning firm designing the library branch planned for Medford will be hosting a virtual public meeting at 7 p.m. on Monday, Jan. 25, Patchogue-Medford Library officials said. H2M Architects + Engineers will be on hand to walk residents through plans for the 5,000-square-foot facility, and take community feedback and suggestions. Anyone is welcome to attend. (Scroll down for…

[rickinmar]

Thatcher Magoun House. built 1830s. then Medford Public Library. torn down 1930s. Asher Benjamin architect.

[dwingcomics]

Teaching tween n teens mini comics workshop at Patchogue Medford public library. Shout out to Ebony for the round robin superhero sketch lightening round exercises! Follow her on Tumblr for more comics teaching lessons and to check out her awesome work @marblecomposition top props to the following superheroes from the exercise- - Your Mom ("go to your JAIL!") - Poo Patrol -Fart Man -Potato Chip -Macaroni dude

[thetithingman]

The On The Road, bobble head. (at Medford Public Library)

[mplchameleon]

It's Bisexual Visibility Day! In honor of that, here are some great bisexual reads featuring bisexual teen characters! Some authors listed here identify as somewhere under the queer umbrella, which is always a bonus :). So celebrate the B in LGBTQIA+ and get reading!

Books listed in the graphic, from left to right, top to bottom (top image first, then bottom image):

Not Your Sidekick by C.B. Lee

Some Girls Do by Jennifer Dugan

Cool for the Summer by Dahlia Adler

Things We Couldn't Say by Jay Coles

Off the Record by Camryn Garrett

Leah on the Offbeat by Becky Albertalli

Little and Lion by Brandy Colbert

Hani and Ishu's Guide to Fake Dating by Adiba Jaigirdar

Perfect on Paper by Sophie Gonzales

Running with Lions by Julian Winters

I'll Be the One by Lyla Lee

Zara Hossain is Here by Sabina Khan

The Other Merlin by Robyn Schneider

Odd One Out by Nic Stone

They Both Die at the End by Adam Silvera

We Are Totally Normal by Rahul Kanakia

[charlesccastill]

Another Construction Worker Stuck by Foundation Dies in Massachusetts

BOSTON–Construction remains one of the most deadly industries for Massachusetts workers, stated the Massachusetts Coalition for Occupational Safety and Health (MassCOSH) . The comment comes one day after a 50-year-old Massachusetts man was killed Wednesday after a concrete wall collapsed in Medford, MA.

News reports state the worker was fatally injured at 786 Highland Ave. just before 3 p.m. The man was reported to be working by the foundation of the building when it collapsed, striking him. He died of his injuries shortly after at Mass. General Hospital.

Jodi Sugerman-Brozan

The event closely mirrors the death of Mark Camire, killed working at a Woburn Public Library construction site July 11 when a rock stuck him while he was working alongside the building foundation.

According to MassCOSH’s 2017 report ‘Dying for Work in Massachusetts,’ the construction industry remains the most dangerous for workers, with 25 fatalities occurring in 2016, 40% of total workers killed in the state that year.

“Given the highly similar deaths we have seen lately involving building foundations, employers need to be vigilant about instituting all safety measures to protect workers from this proven hazard, workers’ health and safety is one hundred percent their responsibility.” said MassCOSH Executive Director Jodi Sugerman-Brozan. “Our hearts go out to the family, friends, and co-workers of our lost brother. MassCOSH will continue to fight for good safe jobs until every worker can return home from work safe and healthy every day.”

from Boston Real Estate http://bostonrealestatetimes.com/another-construction-worker-stuck-by-foundation-dies-in-massachusetts/

[dailykhaleej]

Companies bet on AI cameras to track social distancing, limit liability

Individuals line up at a secure social distance exterior the grocery retailer amid the COVID-19 outbreak in Medford, Massachusetts. Picture Credit score: DailyKhaleej

Oakland, California: Shops and workplaces keen to keep away from spreading the novel coronavirus are equipping present safety cameras with synthetic intelligence software program that may track compliance with well being tips together with social distancing and mask-wearing.

A number of corporations instructed DailyKhaleej the software program will probably be essential to staying open as issues about COVID-19, the respiratory sickness brought on by the virus, persist world wide. It can permit them to present not solely employees and clients, but additionally insurers and regulators, that they’re monitoring and imposing secure practices.

The query turns into whether or not the tech stays after the general public well being drawback goes away, and that’s the actual privateness worry.

– Al Gidari, a privateness professional at Stanford Legislation Faculty

“The last thing we want is for the governor to shut all our projects down because no one is behaving,” stated Jen Suerth, vice chairman at Chicago-based Pepper Building, which launched software program from SmartVid.io this month to detect employees grouping at an Oracle Corp mission in Deerfield, Illinois.

Samarth Diamond plans to deploy AI from Glimpse Analytics as quickly as its sprucing manufacturing facility re-opens in Gujarat, India, whereas two Michigan purchasing facilities owned by RPT Realty may have distancing monitoring from RE Perception in two weeks.

Consumers anticipate the know-how will work as a result of they have already got used related instruments to profile customers coming into shops and discover helmet scofflaws on building websites.

However some know-how consultants that advise retailers and workplace landlords have cautioned shoppers towards introducing new know-how at a chaotic time and investing in instruments which may be wanted just for a interval of months. Privateness activists involved about more and more detailed monitoring of individuals are also urging companies to limit use of the AI to the pandemic.

“The question becomes whether the tech remains after the public health problem goes away, and that is the real privacy fear,” stated Al Gidari, a privateness professional at Stanford Legislation Faculty.

“Video in the store today to ensure social distancing remains to identify shoplifters tomorrow.”

COMPUTER VISION

DailyKhaleej spoke with 16 video analytics corporations, a lot of them startups with just a few million {dollars} in annual income, which have added choices due to the coronavirus. Their programs will be set to produce day by day experiences, which website managers can use to appropriate recurring issues and doc compliance.

Most work on a department of AI know-how often called laptop or machine imaginative and prescient through which algorithms are educated on picture libraries to determine objects with confidence of 80% or larger.

A number of clients stated the know-how, which may price $1,000 or extra yearly to analyze information from a handful of off-the-shelf video cameras, is cheaper than dedicating workers to standing guard. It additionally will be safer, as some guards imposing distancing have clashed with folks protesting security measures, they stated.

Pepper Building’s Suerth stated its SmartVid system has not flagged crowding points but as a result of staffing has been restricted. However Suerth stated that as extra crews arrive, the corporate will have a look at developments to challenge reminders at “tool box talks.” “It’s another set of eyes on the site,” Suerth stated, including that software program is much less susceptible to errors than folks and the “accuracy we’re seeing is really high.” Samarth Diamond supervisor Parth Patel stated he might regulate procedures when the software program identifies spots the place his 4,000 employees are clumping collectively in busy areas. Individuals tagged as not having masks shortly can be provided one by a workforce reviewing digicam feeds, Patel stated.

“It will surely be helpful for the safety of employees and their comfort level, and it will be helpful to show it to authorities that we are adhering” to laws, Patel stated.

Patel stated he has confidence within the algorithms after his household efficiently used laptop imaginative and prescient final yr at supermarkets it owns to depend feminine customers and determine the place to inventory a brand new line of clothes.

RPT Realty, which Chief Government Brian Harper stated had used digicam software program to depend guests over the previous few months at two of the 49 open-air purchasing facilities it owns in the US, is shifting to assess tenants’ compliance with decreased occupancy laws throughout 5 malls.

It additionally plans to assist shoppers determine when to store by utilizing know-how from startup WaitTimes to analyze strains of individuals ready to enter shops, a phenomenon that has grow to be widespread throughout the pandemic as a part of social distancing efforts.

Signage will inform customers of the nameless counting, in accordance to Harper.

“You can never have too much data at your hands,” Harper stated.

However calculating whether or not individuals are six toes (1.eight meters) aside and detecting objects similar to face masks are all novel makes use of now being examined and launched on accelerated schedules.

Some startups even promise to spot sneezing and coughing, claims that drew skepticism from some specialists.

“Most solutions will be in uncharted territory, without a proven track record, and likely susceptible to false-positives and bugs,” stated Vinay Goel, a former Google Maps product chief who’s now chief digital merchandise officer on the tech unit of actual property companies big Jones Lang LaSalle Inc.

Beside prices, companies are involved AI will set off too many experiences of non-problems, like a household strolling shut collectively in an aisle, retail consultants stated.

Indyme, a know-how vendor that works with BevMo!, Workplace Depot and different U.S. retailers, stated that its shoppers have most well-liked rudimentary containers that may depend folks at entrances and mechanically announce, “For your safety, please maintain a social distance of six feet, thank you.”

from WordPress https://ift.tt/3aLrLVo via IFTTT

[thebrewstorian]

Collection Report: Fermentation Science Program Records, 1955-2017

There are times when I feel like I barely make a dent in the backlog of collections. It’s a good problem to have, because it means people are donating collections, but tough when you need to be in the library to go through physical items and it’s a pandemic!

Last summer I processed some records from the Fermentation Science Program, and of course wrote a detailed history of the program. 

Here’s a post from 2019 with some of my initial fun finds. 

Guide to the Fermentation Science Program Records (RG 296)

What’s in the collection? 

The Fermentation Science Program Records consists of publications collected to support program faculty and students in teaching and research. This includes magazines, journals, and conference proceedings on brewing and distilling. The curricular materials include articles used for teaching and research bibliographies. Though not extensive, there are materials related to the "The Yeast Bank," OSU's Food and Fermentation Sciences Club.

What’s the history of the program? 

Food science and studies on fermentation have long been a part of research at Oregon State University. In 1996, the Department of Food Science and Technology became home to the nation’s first endowed professorship in Fermentation Science. It was also one of the first colleges to initiate a Fermentation Science degree and quickly grew into an internationally renowned graduate brewing research program. The Fermentation Science program, one of just a handful in the nation, has always focused on “hands-on” applied science, including the use of microorganisms as processing agents in the production of wine and beer, as well as a variety of other fermented foods such as cheese, yogurt, soy sauce, pickles, breads and fermented vegetables.

In 1995, University of Oregon alum James Bernau, then president of Nor'Wester Brewing Company of Portland and Willamette Valley Vineyard, gave $500,000 of Nor'Wester stock to establish a professorship dedicated to fermentation science in the College of Agricultural Sciences. Combined with $500,000 from a state matching program, the “Nor’Wester Professorship in Fermentation Science” was created. The Fermentation Science option was added to the Food Science and Technology curriculum in 1996. Additionally, the Nor'Wester Brewing Company gave OSU a small pilot brewery for research; it was installed in Weigand Hall. In 1996, Dr. Mark Daeschel was named the first Nor’Wester professor of Fermentation Science Technology; in 2001, Dr. Thomas Shellhammer took over the position and focused on the chemical and sensory analysis of hops in beer. Funding, faculty, and research allowed the program to set up a research laboratory that has investigated beer flavor, flavor stability, beer foam, hop chemistry, hop bitterness and aroma chemistry, beer processing, and sour beer chemistry and microbiology. In 2015, the Gambrinus Company, a San Antonio-based company that owned BridgePort Brewing Company in Portland, donated $1 million dollars for a new research brewery.

Beyond beer brewing, alcohol fermentation research at OSU has included enology and viticulture. Important milestones include the creation of a campus enology lab in cooperation with the Oregon Liquor Control Commission in 1939 and formation of the Oregon Wine Research Institute in 2009; fermentation trials on wine grapes in the 1930s and test plantings of European varieties at branch stations in Aurora, Medford, and Corvallis by Agricultural Experiment Station researchers in the 1970s; and the establishment of the Richard and Betty O'Brien Professor of Extension Viticulture in 2017. In 2013, a $1.2 million grant from lawmakers enabled OSU to add a distilling program to its current research for wineries and breweries.

Also related to fermentation research at OSU is work on dairy and cheese. In 1957, the Dairy Products Industries manufacturing program of the Department of Animal Husbandry was incorporated to form the Department of Food and Dairy Technology. In 1963, a position Extension Dairy Manufacturing was created. A donation from Paul and Sandra Arbuthnot funded the Arbuthnot Dairy Center in 2012, which includes a classroom, a dairy technology laboratory, and a licensed commercial dairy pilot plant. In 2017, the Tillamook County Creamery Association (TCCA) announced a gift of $1.5 million to support construction of a new Food and Beverage Facility at Oregon State University.

[gravitascivics]

UPDATING CIVIC ENGAGEMENT, PART II

[Note:  This posting, the previous two postings, and at least the one to follow are a restatement of what has been addressed previously in this blog.  Some of the sentences to come have been provided before but the concern is that other information has been discovered and an update seems appropriate.  The blog has not changed the overall message – that civics education is seriously deficient – but some of the evidence needs updating.]

The previous posting focuses on defining and describing political activities as being a central element of civic engagement which in turn, it is argued here, should be a main concern of civics education.  This posting will address two other elements, political voice and electoral activities.

As for these two elements, the first includes those actions citizens can take to advocate a public policy option – signing petitions, communicating with government officials, writing letters to editors and other media outlets, boycotting, etc. – and the latter, electoral activities, includes voting and other election related behaviors that, in turn, have social implications.  The general thrust in civics education should be to advance those behaviors that one can link to communal duties and obligations.  

The question here is:  what does recent research indicate how often and how well do Americans are perform these behaviors?  To provide some context, Mary Hylton makes a connection in her reportage. That is, that a citizenry that engages in these types of activities add to their communities’ resources and further can be associated with economic resilience.[1]  

This was demonstrated in those years following the onset of the financial crisis of 2008.  Communities that had among their citizenry higher levels of civic engagement were able to recover more readily.  While this is a correlational finding, one cannot help but think that either directly or indirectly there is a mutual reinforcing dynamic between civic engagement and economic health.  

People who actively behave in sufficient numbers to advance their community add a vibrance that can only help stimulate that community to do what is necessary to spur economic energy.  And, further strengthening this connection, one can detect this relationship at a communal level but also at the individual level.  

Jonathan Greenblatt reports in a White House paper:

Volunteering also helps people develop skills and confidence.  A recent report by the National Conference on Citizenship found the “participation in civil society (such as volunteerism) can develop habits that make individuals enjoyable and strengthen the networks that help them find jobs.”[2]

In a study, Malte Klar and Tim Kasser found that political activism is positively associated with measures of good feelings (hedonic), a sense of being happy, healthy, and prosperous (eudaimonic), and social well-being.[3]  And college students, according to an Association of American Colleges and Universities publication, who are civically engaged, register greater levels of satisfaction with their educational experience, enjoy higher grade point averages, and are more apt to gain their degrees than those who are not so engaged.[4]

And what can one say about the levels of community responsibility and civic belongingness – i.e., political engagement from a social perspective – exhibited by Americans?  According to Putnam, Americans have “a shriveled sense of we.”[5] Despite many school systems introducing “volunteerism” as a graduation requirement, a program with little thought-out function, overall participation by Americans has fallen drastically during the last fifty years.  

Peter Levine and Eric Liu report, “The proportions of Americans who say that they have attended community meetings, worked with neighbors to address problems, and belonged to organizations have fallen between 1975 and 2005.”[6]  This conclusion is backed by a slew of research over the past several decades.[7]

That research basically provides evidence supportive of the conclusion that political participation is seriously low and that for those who do participate, they are more apt to engage in what Charles Euchner identifies as extraordinary politics,[8] a topic that will be highlighted in the next posting.

But recent studies have further connected volunteerism with either physical health or psychological health.  There seems to be a correlational relationship between this civic behavior and cardiovascular disease factors:  “[Researchers] found older adult volunteers (65 and older) had lower risk of hypertension than older non-volunteers, but not for middle-aged volunteers (51-64 years old).”[9]  This study goes on to report other relationships, but the purpose here is not to give a rundown of these findings.

The purpose is to give the reader a sense of areas of research that investigate the effects of civic behaviors have on a person’s physical health.  Another study worth noting is by Frank J. Infurna, Morris A. Okun, and Kevin J. Grimm that notes a relationship between volunteering and the avoidance of cognitive impairment, a psychological condition.  

Consistent civic engagement in old age [over 70 years of age] is associated with lower risk of cognitive impairment and provides impetus for interventions to protect against the onset of cognitive impairment.  Given the increasing number of baby boomers entering old age, the findings support the public health benefits of volunteering and the potential role of geriatricians, who can promote volunteering by incorporating “prescriptions to volunteer” into their patient care.[10]

Again, a positive effect attributable or, at least, associated with proactive civic behavior is noted.

This posting will abruptly end here.  The next posting will begin with a description of extraordinary politics and pose questions:  is this sort of politics necessary in the pursuit of desired public policy?  Also, how federal – how much does it promote a federated citizenship – is extraordinary politics?  

[1] Mary E. Hylton, “The Role of Civic Literacy and Social Empathy on Rates of Civic Engagement among University Students,” Journal of Higher Education Outreach and Engagement, 2018, vol. 22, 1, 87-106.

[2] Jonathan Greenblatt, “The Benefit of Civic Engagement for Tomorrow’s Leaders,”  White House (of Barack Obama), April 17, 2012, accessed May 10, 2018, https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2012/04/17/benefits-civic-engagement-tomorrows-leaders .

[3] See Malte Klar and Tim Kasser, “Some Benefits of Being an Activist:  Measuring Activism and Its Role in Psychological Well-Being,” (abstract), accessed May 10, 2018, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2009.00724.x .

[4] The National Task Force on Civic Learning and Democratic Engagement, “A Crucible Moment: College Learning and Democracy’s Future” (Association of American Colleges and Universities, 2012), accessed May 7, 2018, http://www.aacu.org/civiclearning/crucible .

[5] Robert D. Putnam, “Our Kids:  The American Dream in Crisis” (Keynote presented at the Campus Compact 30th Anniversary Meeting, Boston, MA, 2016, March 21).

[6] Peter Levine and Eric Liu,  “America’s Civic Renewal Movement: A View from Organizational Leaders (Medford, MA:  Tufts Report, Tufts University, 2015), 3.

[7] “Political Polarization in the American Public,” Pew Research Center, June 12, 2014, accessed on February 17, 2017, http://www.people-press.org/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/, AND Herbert McCloskey, “Political Participation,” International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, 2008, accessed December 27, 2017, http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Political_Participation.aspx , AND “The Civic Mission of Schools,” National Conference of State Legislatures, 2015, accessed on February 24, 2017, http://www.ncsl.org/legislators-staff/legislators/trust-for-representative-democracy/the-civic-mission-of-schools-executive-summary.aspx , AND Paul Burnstein, American Public Opinion, Advocacy, and Policy in Congress:  What the Public Wants and What It Gets (New York, NY:  Cambridge University Press, 2014), AND Arron Smith, Kay Lehman Schlozman, Sidney Verba, and Henry Brady, “The Current State of Civic Engagement in America,” Pew Research Center, September 1, 2009, accessed on December 6, 2017, http://www.pewinternet.org/2009/09/01/the-current-state-of-civic-engagement-in-america/, AND Robert D. Putnam, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 2000), AND “What Democracy Means to Ninth-Graders: U.S. Results from the International IEA Civic Education Study,” National Center for Education Statistics (U. S. Department of Education, Washington, D. C., 2001).

[8] Charles C. Euchner, Extraordinary Politics:  How Protest and Dissent Are Changing American Democracy (Boulder, CO:  Westview, 1996).

[9] Jeffrey A. Burr, Sae Hwang Han, and Jane L. Tavares, “Volunteering and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Does Helping Others Get ‘Under the Skin?’”  The Gerontologist, April 15, 2015, accessed April 15, 2019, 937-947, 944, https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/43c7/f901d13837320cbce6c8254bbcaad7070659.pdf .  A summary of the results are as follows:  “formal volunteering is beneficial for middle-aged adults, and to a lesser degree, older adults. Further research is required to determine what factors may mediate the volunteer–CVD risk relationships.” Page 937.

[10] Frank J. Infurna, Morris A. Okun, and Kevin J. Grimm, “Volunteering Is Associated with Risk of Cognitive Impairment,” Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (Wiley Online Library), 64 (11), November 2016, accessed April 15, 2019, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jgs.14398 .