#No Context Crow No. 167

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No Context Crow #167: Weathervane Crow

Buy this one from Bar Harbor Weathervanes

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Fox news How this Super Bowl matchup spawned from one player - NFL.com

Fox news

MIAMI -- For all the Joe Montana regalia in the lead-up to Sizable Bowl LIV, it's the account of a less famous quarterback which sheds extra mild on this clash between the high-octane offenses of the San Francisco 49ers and Kansas Metropolis Chiefs.

Alex Smith rescued each of these beforehand downtrodden organizations from their darkest hours, only to be traded in for a sleeker quarterback model as soon as all of these miles out of the barren house piled up in entrance of the principle-down marker.

Having survived a gargantuan preference of failed regimes early in his Bay Dwelling occupation, Smith led the 49ers to the 2011 NFC Championship Sport before Jim Harbaugh and his workers made the daring decision to space their Sizable Bowl-caliber offense in the palms of younger playmaker Colin Kaepernick. Salvaged from the San Francisco scrap heap in 2013, Smith became as soon as summoned to the Midwest to aid Andy Reid resurrect a floundering Chiefs outfit that had fallen to 2-14 under Romeo Crennel.

FORTUNE FAVORS THE BOLD

Though Kansas Metropolis managed to amass 74 aspects in Smith's first two postseason appearances with the franchise -- a gutting 45-44 loss to the Colts and a 30-0 laugher over the Texans -- his conservative passing trend merely left too many plays on the discipline in aid-to-aid playoff disappointments versus the Patriots and Steelers. Once Reid and his entrance place of job assessed the strengths and weaknesses of their have Sizable Bowl-caliber roster in the gap months of 2017, the Chiefs outfoxed four diverse Patrick Mahomes suitors to draft Smith's eventual supplanter.

Smith restful had a possibility to stave off Mahomes, finding aberrant downfield effectivity with deep possibility Tyreek Hill in a occupation-only 2017 odd season, only to resign a 21-3 halftime lead in heartbreaking fashion, falling to the less-gifted Titans in the Wild Card Round.

Between Smith's final Kansas Metropolis victory and one other early-January exit, although, his fate had already been sealed.

In a odd-season finale satirically billed as meaningless, with the subsequent week's dwelling-discipline advantage already salvage, Reid unlocked the major to the NFL's next worthy offense with a pinch-hitting Mahomes at the helm.

"I went into that sport feeling cherish we could possibly score anytime," Reid disclosed to the Round The NFL Podcast at the March 2018 Annual League Assembly, two weeks after finalizing Smith's trade to the Washington Redskins. "After I got into the game, I felt the identical facet."

The Chiefs had gone 30 years without a victory from a quarterback drafted and developed in Kansas Metropolis. After snapping out of that dry spell in one fell swoop from his hand-picked franchise savior, neophyte total manager Brett Veach raised eyebrows at some level of the football landscape by declaring that the unproven Mahomes became as soon as already one of many perfect gamers he had ever considered.

Of us that had witnessed firsthand Mahomes' no-impress passes and downfield air raids in practices shared Veach's unshakeable self belief, prompting instantaneous behavioral changes. For the principle time in his 15-year occupation, punter Dustin Colquitt started stashing his gloves in his jersey so he'd be ready to take for the rash of extra aspects that would inevitably apply Mahomes' lickety-split-strike rankings.

Primarily the most glaring trade befell in the thoughts of a head coach who as soon as explained his play-calling job as getting paid to "score into a rhythm with the guy calling the defense" on the diverse aspect. The history of football's offensive scheme is a leisurely gravitation far from the violent congestion throughout the discipline and toward multi-dimensional aerial assaults permitting the ball to be superior on both the X and Y axis.

The transition from Smith to Mahomes supplied an accelerated model of that evolution. Smith's penchant for throwing brief passes in key eventualities no longer only tied Reid's play-calling palms, nonetheless also impressed Football Outsiders to create the ALEX (Air Much less Anticipated) quarterback metric which measures the moderate difference between how far a quarterback throws a bound (air yards) and the plot many yards he wants for a first down. Lacking context, susceptible football stats could possibly inform us which plays the quarterback made, nonetheless they bound over the missed opportunities when the trigger is never any longer pulled.

Whereas the gridiron remained the identical size with Mahomes under heart, Reid rapidly learned that he could possibly stress defenses by forcing them to quilt your complete size and width of the discipline, versus the condensed space boxed in by the principle-down marker. By warding off mistakes and flying over the trench battle throughout the discipline to beat excellent protection, the apostate Chiefs possess place to leisure as soon as and for the total mild pigskin idea that only three things can happen on a ahead bound -- and two of them are execrable.

To impress into the thoughts of a play-caller, it's instructive to scrutinize the principle 28 minutes of video games, before the clock and score differential launch to dictate tendencies. Whereas the Chiefs carried out bound plays honest appropriate 52 percent of the time in the principle 28 minutes of Smith's starts from 2013 through '17, per The Athletic's Mike Sando, that quantity has surged to a league-main 65 percent in 2019. Reid has learned his rhythm in the conclusion that running plays are almost wasteful with the perfect-rated quarterback (108.9) in NFL history orchestrating the offense.

After reaching the 30-level stamp honest appropriate four events in 27 postseason video games at some level of the principle 58 years of the franchise's existence, the Chiefs possess scored 30 or extra aspects in all four of Mahomes' playoff starts to this level.

"Of us contrivance I became as soon as loopy aid at the mix, before he took a launch, after I mentioned he is the perfect player I've ever considered," Veach crowed after Mahomes erased a 24-0 deficit in the blink of the impress, decimating Houston's defense with an perfect trying array of vast plays in the Chiefs' 51-31 Divisional Round victory. "He's the perfect player in the game. I focal level on that's no longer honest appropriate me announcing it now, it's your complete league."

ONE OF THE GREAT PERKS OF SPORTS FANDOM

Mahomes credit Smith for offering a quarterbacking blueprint which eased the transition in Kansas Metropolis. By the time Jimmy Garoppolo arrived in San Francisco, by difference, the 49ers were adrift, having lost the direction rapidly after Kaepernick blazed at some level of the sky as a uniquely gifted read-option revelation with a two-year expiration date.

Garoppolo has been the rising tide lifting all Bay Dwelling boats, rescuing a 1-10 operation by main the NFL in scoring at some level of a 5-sport profitable saunter to cease out the 2017 season. After struggling during the lean years of Kaepernick's give plot and Blaine Gabbert's blooper reel, 49ers followers could possibly skills one of many worthy perks of sports actions fandom: the never-ending chances presented by a younger, franchise-altering skills reputedly despatched from the heavens.

After lacking the vast majority of a lost 2018 marketing campaign with an ACL damage, Garoppolo bounced aid in impressive fashion this year, turning into the perfect quarterback to enact the odd season ranked in the head 5 in completion rate (69.1), yards per strive (8.4) and touchdown passes (27). Belying his recency biased popularity as a properly-coifed Bob Griese, Garoppolo led a properly-balanced juggernaut which carried out eighth in Football Outsiders' passing effectivity metric and lost honest appropriate three video games -- all in the closing seconds.

Smith has been dogged by the pejorative sport-manager caveat at some level of his tumultuous 15-year occupation. Could possibly also merely restful the identical popularity befall an exhilarating younger passer with Garoppolo's gaudy occupation moderate of 29.1 aspects per sport?

Whereas that figure is in the aid of only his Sizable Bowl LIV opponent's 32.6 aspects per sport in NFL history, no quarterback since the 1970 merger has managed a greater occupation profitable percentage than Garoppolo's .821 (23-5). In a the same preference of starts since coach Kyle Shanahan assumed relief an eye fixed on in 2017, all diverse 49ers quarterbacks possess posted a diametrically adverse .167 (4-20) bewitch-loss figure.

How did Griese's backups magnificent in comparability? When he went down with a fractured fibula and dislocated ankle in Week 5 of the Dolphins' undefeated 1972 marketing campaign, the inimitable Earl Morrall stepped in without lacking a beat, capturing Sporting News AFC Player of the Yr and first-crew All-Decent honors whereas main the league in passer score.

Ever since legendary Bears head coach George Halas raised the quarterback to prominence with the T-formation offense in the 1940s, the contrivance has been measured by success on third down, in the red zone and at the stop of cease video games. As Shanahan explained to the assembled media in Miami earlier this week, NFL teams can't hump the ball in the occasion that they construct no longer possess a quarterback in a position to changing daunting third downs and main fourth-quarter comebacks.

"Jimmy has been as proper as somebody to me on third down this year," Shanahan testified. "When now we possess wanted him to bring us aid at the stop of video games, he's carried out it. I've by no plot been a part of a sport the build a QB completes two third-and-16s on a final drive to beat the Rams cherish he did. What he did in that first Arizona sport, I focal level on it became as soon as a Third-and-16 also, to score us aid in the final drive. The 2nd Arizona sport, throwing to score aid in that sport."

THE NFL'S COMPETITION CURVE

Quarterback is the most scrutinized contrivance in the American sports actions landscape. Basic for his portrayal of Moses in the 1956 classic The Ten Commandments, actor Charlton Heston as soon as remarked, via Paul Zimmerman's The Sleek Taking into consideration Man's Manual to Decent Football, that it's more straightforward to part the Crimson Sea than to play quarterback in the NFL.

The highest years of Smith's occupation started in 2011 with Jim Harbaugh's rebuilding San Francisco 49ers and lasted through 2017 as Reid reconstituted the Chiefs. All the plot through that time span, there weren't better than 15-20 human beings on this planet in a position to taking part in the contrivance at a greater diploma.

Nonetheless what happens when a firm outgrows a capable starting up quarterback, leaving him in the aid of cherish Christopher Robin forsaking Winnie the Pooh?

A godsend to a crew on the low stop of the rivals spectrum could possibly be deadweight to a extra gifted club harboring realistic Sizable Bowl targets. I take a look at out the phases of this present day's NFL rivals curve as follows:

1) Enlargement crew 2) Natural tanking 3) Rebuilding 4) Treading water with increasing old nucleus 5) Loading up for playoff push 6) Division well-liked 7) Sizable Bowl contender 8) Perennial playoff bye expectation

All too on the total, teams are unwilling to face grim actuality, bottoming out before the failed discipline total is modified. Six years after the Round The NFL Podcast established "the Dalton Scale" to illustrate football's netherworld of QB purgatory, the Bengals could possibly at final flip the offense over to a phenom honest like LSU's Joe Burrow. When the in every other case-loaded 2017 Jaguars reached the AFC Championship Sport by sport-planning round their quarterback's glaring barriers, they opted to double down, handing Blake Bortles a contract extension.

Whereas the Bengals and Jaguars denied their quarterbacks' flaws in terms of their rosters' clout, the 2012 49ers and 2018 Chiefs accredited the actuality that they'd outgrown a minute signal-caller greater suited to a Allotment 4 or 5 outfit. Recognizing that an offense could possibly study to bound with Smith, launch to hump with Kaepernick and sprout wings with Garoppolo or Mahomes, San Francisco and Kansas Metropolis made daring choices commensurate with their ingenious teaching staffs and gifted cores.

Sizable quarterbacks construct no longer honest appropriate rework teams. They enhance the lives of these round them.

As Raiders coach Jon Gruden as soon as notorious, Brett Favre became as soon as accountable for a quantity of carried out basements, transformed garages, fresh swimming pools and marriage ceremony funds among Packers assistant coaches. Sooner than Peyton Manning rescued the Colts from irrelevance, David Letterman quipped, Indianapolis became as soon as a diminutive metropolis. The local crew's quarterback ended up changing the skyline of the metropolis!

After drafting Deshaun Watson in 2017, Houston coach Bill O'Brien conceded that a reliable franchise quarterback's heed can no longer be quantified. "It is so crucial," O'Brien explained. "That contrivance on any crew carries the targets, the hopes of the group."

When O'Brien's Texans surrendered their 24-0 result in Mahomes' blitzkrieg offense in the Divisional Round, a high-score Chiefs offer texted TheMMQB's Albert Breer: "Unbelievable. The QB is from one other planet."

The final time the Chiefs were in the Sizable Bowl, they were led by a quarterback who fired up lung darts at halftime, O.J. Simpson became as soon as the No. 1 soak up the NFL draft, Kyle Shanahan wasn't born but and The Archies' bubble-gum pop hit "Sugar, Sugar" became as soon as Billboard's high single of the year.

Now that Andy Reid has his holy grail under heart, famous football creator and lifelong Chiefs fan Michael MacCambridge believes the ghosts of playoff screw ups previous had been "exorcised" at final in Kansas Metropolis.

"And that starts with 15," MacCambridge currently relayed to NBCSports.com's Peter King. "He's no longer haunted. And that's the reason why the Chiefs are going to the Sizable Bowl."

You construct no longer manufacture history throwing trying the sticks.

Put collectively Chris Wesseling on Twitter @ChrisWesseling.

[the-zarabaxby]

Week 8: October 31

Happy Howl-o-ween everybody, LOL! This week’s theme was Reception Contexts and Media Rituals; it digs into the interpretation of media and connection it has with different contexts. Sullivan sums it up as “Our media experiences occur during specific times and in a particular physical space…” (Sullivan, 2013, pg. 162). Not only do we look into physical spaces, but we also consider time, interpersonal relationships and interactions. Sullivan explains that space, time, and social environments contribute significantly to how we make meanings from media. It can be from where we consume a movie and who we consume that can alter the overall message and outcome. For example, my boyfriend’s dad loves to stir the pot, and by that, I mean to piss everyone off, jokingly, of course. Whenever we watch a show or a movie, and something funny or crazy happens, he pauses and replays the clip over and over, AND OVER. To the point, I stop paying attention, or go on my phone, or leave the room. This not only affects my overall enjoyment of a film but also my understanding of critical messages.

Now that we have gone over the three elements that situate our media reception, I want to dig into media reception and the domestic sphere.  I want to begin by asking you a question. When you are “home,” what is your media rituals? For me, when I live at school, I wake up to check my phone, go to classes, and on my downtime, I watch Netflix. That changes when I am back home with my family. I still wake up, check my phone, run errands, or on downtime; we watch the show Survivor or a throwback movie with my family. What’s interesting is, the Sullivan textbooks states that “home is arguably the most importance “space” for understanding media reception” (Sullivan, 2013 pg. 167).  It is true when they say home is where the heart is, our downtime, memories, experiences, and adolescence are all created out of our own versions of “home.” Not only that, we share our home with people we love that range on an individualized scale. To reveal this understanding, scholars like David Morley and James Lull participated in an act called naturalistic observation. It is the best way to investigate and learn people in a natural setting. What was revealed was that TV watching, or having it on impacts our social relationships. It creates. A focal point for conversations, or it can even create conflict. This immediately make me think about social settings in my home. To be specific every year my mom hosts Thanksgiving dinner. It is a mix of family, and friends; to keep everyone interested and social my mom always has a sport playing on the TV; like football. She mainly does it to keep the men away from her kitchen, but hey it still gathers everyone in the living room to chat and catch up on life.

Keeping my Thanksgiving example in mind I want to move on to mass media and gender specifically Dorothy Hobsons research. She conducted numerous interviews in 1980 with “working-class” housewives in Britain (Sullivan, 2013, pg. 168). It was noticed that women listened to more radio stations than anything else, because the content was altered towards their interest like childcare and cleaning. What also really interests me is that women actually avoided listening to TV at home, because it was mainly targeted toward a male audience. Interesting, because when we look back to my Thanksgiving example, my mom would put football on (a dominant masculine program) to keep the men out of the kitchen. As much as. women still sit around and “watch”, it appears to be more of a conversational aspect than it is pure interest for women.

I am enjoying the topic of “home,” and how every little aspect can make up out interpretations. So, I am going to continue along those lines with media technology in the home itself. A scholar by the name of Roger Silverstone introduces the idea of a moral economy when thinking about the inner meaning of home. Sullivan’s textbook explains his notion as “a sense that the household is both an economic unit, which is involved, through the productive and consumptive activities of its members…” (Sullivan, 2013, pg. 175). What makes up this economic are three elements that flow from the transactional system. They are appropriation, objectification, and incorporation. Let me give you the low down of what these mean:

·      Appropriation: this is the actual act of possessing a communication technology and placing it in your household.

·      Objectification: this is how exactly the item is placed in your environment, whether it’s for a bedroom or a common area. For example, the TV I bought myself before going to University wasn’t for a common area, but rather my room for myself.

·      Incorporation: lastly, this is the purpose of what you would be using the    technology for. For example, my parents have a TV in both their bedroom and living room. One TV is for a social setting when they want to watch with others, and their bedroom TV is meant for their personalized use (Sullivan, 2013, pg. 175). 

This area of my blog relates perfectly with the assigned reading for this week by Kihan Kim, Yunjae Cheong, and Hyuksoo Kim. Their piece is titled The Influences of Sports Viewing Conditions on Enjoyment from Watching Televised Sports… The authors compare audience experience at home versus in a theatre when watching sports. All external sources were taken into consideration such as lighting, crowed, and noise, which all play a role in how audiences understand and enjoy the game. It was noticed that people were became fans of the game faster in a theatre than they would at home. My take on the results is it all depends, for me personally if I get a good group of people, I love together to watch an intense and exciting game than I become a fan really quick. I suffer from really bad anxiety, so I don’t like being in crowed or around loud noises. So, going to theatre to watch a game would not interest me at all. To prove my points, I look back to the NBA final game that occurred this summer. I watched with a big group of friends and family at my house with a big TV. We had food, drinks and conversations. I had an amazing time. But that’s not to say others can’t have a better time at a theatre, but because of my appropriation, objectification, and incorporation I felt more at “home”.

Well that’s all I got for you today guys, I hope you have a wonderful Halloween. I know I’ll be dressing up as a kid to get my free candy, but hey you didn’t get that trick from me. Have a good week y’all!

References:

Sullivan, John L. Media Audiences: Effects, Users, Institutions, and Power. SAGE Publications Inc., 2013.

Kim, K., Cheong, Y., & Kim, H. (2016). The influences of sports viewing conditions on enjoyment from watching televised sports: An analysis of the FIFA World Cup audiences in theater vs. home. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 60(3), 389–409.

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Reading Summary 2, Dragon Myths

April 25, 2017

Dragon Myth Global Symbols of Power

Tarasque

The Tarasque is supposedly a leviathan. A leviathan, according to different versions of the bible, is a sea monster. Having a turtle shell in that context makes sense, but what about the multitude of heads? Or the bear claws for teeth? This is a historical othering. This dragon is deeply entrenched in alienating heathens and those who stray from faith. In the festival the dragon will be slain by the townsfolk yelling “a ben fa” or well done when limbs fall off. What is the role of aggression in worship? And how does that apply to these dragon myths? Is this a fear mongering tactic? In some versions of this myth Saint Martha was in a shipwreck. In some she merely landed with her siblings. This is interesting. Is this dramatising the story for a better dragon cryptid? Or for a more rags to riches story of a saint? Did this sea monster cause her ship to be destroyed?  

In Hacinas there is one of the biggest Tarascas carnivals. Eight men are chosen every year to work a mechanical nightmare that terrorizes the town. It steals women and they are sexually assaulted inside the monster. The only way to get them back is if their man tells dirty jokes to the Tarascas or fights it. After three days of children throwing stones and pretending to be demons, the Tarasca admits defeat, wilts, and withdraws meekly to the outskirts of town, where it is killed by the mayor wielding a wand What is the wand made from? What does he say to kill it? This carnival had been majorly unsupported by the church, but it is such a town tradition that three days of heathen festivities still take place. This is a public consumption terror, similar to the church speaking of what happens to those who stray from god’s light. A large doll will be placed upon the dragon as a stolen women or the whore of babylon, the myth differs in the symbolism of the woman atop this beast. Her clothes are specially picked out new every year. She is saved once the monster is dead. The Tarascas has a horse skull or jaw bone for a head and a long neck connected to it. The men who control and create this monstrosity have a very laddy way of building fires together and bonding do “men’s” work to prepare. Sometimes a man will be abducted during festivities and he will have salt thrown down his pants to hurt his nether regions. This all seems fairly misogynistic, which is weird since Martha killed it? Shouldn’t this be a powerful story where females fight back against terror and win? Also the fear of female sexuality in these festivities, the implied castration of men is very odd. This dragon has been made into both a man-eater and rapist. Is the Tarasca meant to scare women from being sexual? And possibly men from being sexual with other men?

Saffron Walden Basilisk

Some say that there is a crown of bones on it’s head or just spikes protruding from its skull. It is truly a creature of darkness. A basilisk can be created in many different interesting ways, one is when an old cockerel lays an egg. The age of the bird ranges from 5 to seven years. A cockerel is a rooster. The warmth of a toad, snake, or dung is what helps these eggs to hatch. That version of the myth has queering of gender create monstrosity. A basilisk lives in the dark, sometimes caves. If a basilisk can also be killed by the crowing of a cock, does that reinforce masculinity? That a deemed male bird can take out the birthing of a beast that is the offspring of a gender mishap. In addition, these creatures are terrifying despite their small size, which is different from modern interpretation of basilisks such as Harry Potter and Cornelia Funke’s Dragon Rider. A common way Basilisks are killed is by the their own reflection, similar to medusa in greek mythology. The Basilisk creating a desert and being of either yellow or dark coloring seems to be a racist product of the crusades. It could have been an emotion-dump for harming Turks. So a dragon lay siege to this city. That is one reason they must arm themselves. One way the Saffron Walden creature was killed, after many people had died (possibly in the crusades or from plague), was a knight covering his armor in crystals to kill the beast. It saw it’s reflection and the rest is put into a pamphlet in the library in Saffron. The dragon pamphlet also speaks of the Monstrous Serpent of Henham, a town close by. This is just a sunbathing lizard that scared townsfolk.

Other odd basilisk in history include sewers under rome that are said to hold a dead basilisk. Alexander the great built these and the myth seems to go back that far. A dead venomous creature could account for the smell. There is a goddess of cobras in Egyptian mythology, Renenutet. Apparently her gaze was either deadly or could bring a surplus of good crops. Her followers lived closer to craggy parts of the desert where her baby snakes are found. There are many other versions of a basilisk, especially within Europe. The town Basal, Switzerland has this type of serpent holding its coat of arms. This Basilisk is thought to be the cause of an earthquake in 1356. It is a poisonous worm, that most want dead.   

Hydra of Lerna

In classical mythology, the Hydra of Lerna lake is slain by Herakles during his second labour, possesses the power to spontaneously replace any single head that the hero manages to lop off with two new ones. The Lerna swamp nearby is said to be where this evil was created, out darkness of tree groves. It lived in a cave near the lake shore and had been known to sun itself, like other lizards, on the rocks. A real lizard that resides in this area is the Balkan Green Lizard. These can be found all over Athens and are some of the larger reptiles in the area. One myth says that there originally were seven heads and one immortal one on the hydra.  Herakles did not get credit for this labor because he required the help of Iolaus to cauterize the beheaded stumps. When he took out the immortal head he put it in a hole and covered it with a rock. Today there is a sculpture on top of a rock where the head is supposedly buried. What can be learned from this myth? What could this be an analogy for? The persians? Is this a water monster?

Buccoleon

In the town of Ghent, Belgium is an image of a very caring dragon. The dragon cried tears over the graves of those who died in the crusades which then bloomed beautiful flowers. These were named “Turk’s Turban”, that of course through colonization are taken back to the town of Mordiford and sold. This dragon could be considered a pillaging of middle eastern gold. One interesting part of this myth is that the dragon is not on a coat of arms, but a weather vane. The history of vanes goes back to windsocks made in prehistoric times out of sticks and fur, then being made from bones and antlers. The oldest known weathervane was on the acropolis in Athens, greece. It is known as the Tower of Winds which served in the 2nd century BCE as an early clock tower. Around the same time as this serpent was put up, 1313, other towns used roosters or crosses to top their churches wind vanes. A dragon would need to know how winds work to fly, so having the Buccoleon show the changing wind directions seems logical. His death was out of greed for his beautiful golden scales.

Maracco

The Ilergetes lived on the Iberian peninsula and were originally colonized by the Carthaginian and Roman invasions. There are festivals that still commemorate this dragon, which is incredible considering the colonization efforts to stamp out their culture. The festival includes Lo Marraco, a 8.5 meter long dragon puppet that participates in flower wars with the crowd. In these festivities are reenactments of Roman soldiers taking out the Moors, which goes to show who wrote history. Could not find a lot of information on this myth, but here is a video of kids acting out the life of this cryptid. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwKTrVPUSKk

Bibliography:

Maracco:

https://www.revolvy.com/topic/Ilergetes&item_type=topic

Simonis, Damien. Catalunya & the Costa Brava. Barcelona, Spain (2003).

Let’s Go Inc. Let's Go 2008 Spain & Portugal. St. Martin’s Press, New York (2008).  

Hydra of Lerna:

Magnanini, S. (2005). Foils and Fakes: The Hydra in Giambattista Basile's Dragon-Slayer Tale, "Lo mercante" Marvels & Tales, 19(2), 167-196. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41388749

Tarasque:

http://bibleandscience.com/bible/books/genesis/genesis1_leviathan.htm

Gutch, M. (1952). Saint Martha and the Dragon. Folklore, 63(4), 193-203. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1257108

MAGNANINI, S. (2008). Foils and Fakes: Manufactured Monsters and the Dragon-Slayer. In Fairy-Tale Science: Monstrous Generation in the Tales of Straparola and Basile (pp. 117-143). University of Toronto Press. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/9781442688087.10

"Tarasca": Ritual Monster of Spain Author(s): David D. Gilmore Source: Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 152, No. 3 (Sep., 2008), pp. 362-382

Saffron Walden Basilisk:

http://allaboutdragons.com/dragons/Saffron_Walden_Basilisk

http://allaboutdragons.com/dragons/Monsterous_Serpent_of_Henham

Mythic Motifs to Sustained Myth: The Revision of Rabbinic Traditions in Medieval Midrashim Author(s): Jeffrey L. Rubenstein Source: The Harvard Theological Review, Vol. 89, No. 2, (Apr., 1996), pp. 131-159

Mordiford Wyvern:

DeKirk, A. (2006). Dragonlore: from the archives of the Grey School of Wizardry. Franklin Lakes, NJ: New Page Books.