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draegerit · 3 years ago

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Apache Groovy #9 - objektorientierte Programmierung - Interfaces

In diesem Beitrag stelle ich dir vor, wie du Interfaces in Groovy implementieren und nutzen kannst.

Im ersten Teil zur objektorientierten Programmierung mit Groovy habe ich dir bereits gezeigt, wie du Klassen und abstrakte Klassen erstellen und somit mit Vererbung arbeiten kannst. Hier soll es nun um die Interfaces gehen. In diesem Beitrag verwende ich die Eclipse IDE welche ich für die Entwicklung von Groovy Skripte erweitert habe, wie du dieses machen kannst, habe ich im Beitrag Einrichten von Eclipse zum Entwickeln in Apache Groovy ausführlich erläutert.

Was ist ein Interface?

Ein Interface definiert eine Art Muster, welchem eine Klasse entsprechen muss, die dieses Interface implementiert. D.h. es werden die Methoden definiert, aber nicht ausprogrammiert. Die eigentliche Bussiness-Logik wird in den Klassen oder Serviceimplementationen geschrieben. Auf der Seite https://docs.groovy-lang.org/docs/next/html/documentation/#interfaces findest du die offizielle Dokumentation zu den Interfaces in Apache Groovy.

Wie wird ein Interface aufgebaut?

Ein Interface wird eingeleitet mit dem Schlüsselwort "interface" gefolgt von einem Namen. interface ReportService Ein Interface kann weitere Interfaces erweitern, dafür werden diese mit dem Schlüsselwort "extends" Kommasepariert aufgeführt. interface ReportService extends Serializable, SQLData ein kleines Beispiel Starten wir mit einem kleinen Beispiel, zunächst wollen wir einen Service schreiben, welcher nur eine Funktion bietet, der Ausgabe einer Zeile auf der Kommandozeile. interface OutputService { def void printlnWithTimestamp(String text) } Die Implementation des Services kann dann wiefolgt aussehen: import java.text.SimpleDateFormat class OutputServiceImpl implements OutputService{ @Override public void printlnWithTimestamp(String text) { SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("MM/dd/yyyy HH:mm:SS") String datetime = df.format(new Date()) println(" "+text) } } Wenn wir dieses nun wie folgt initialisieren und aufrufen: OutputService outputService outputService = new OutputServiceImpl() outputService.printlnWithTimestamp("Hallo Welt!") Dann erhalten wir folgende Ausgabe auf der Kommandozeile / im Terminal der IDE:

Ausgabe einer Servieimplementation in Groovy

Erweitern des Groovy Interfaces um eine Methode

Wenn wir nun das Interface um eine weitere Methode erweitern, dann werden im gleichen Zuge gezwungen diese auch in der Implementierung zu programmieren. Dieses ist ein Vorteil bei Interfaces und auch abstrakten Klassen, denn so zwingt man andere Entwickler sich an das Format zu halten.

Eine weitere Implementierung

Natürlich kann man auch eine weitere Implementierung zu diesem Interface schreiben und aufrufen und so zwischen mehreren Funktionen mit dem gleichen Namen wechseln. In meinem Fall erstelle ich mir eine weitere Implementation mit dem Zusatz das, dass Datumsformat auf Deutsch und zusätzlich der Benutzername ausgegeben wird. import java.text.SimpleDateFormat class OutputServiceImpl2 implements OutputService{ @Override public void printlnWithTimestamp(String text) { SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("dd.MM.yyyy HH:mm:SS") String datetime = df.format(new Date()) String username = System.getProperty("user.name"); println(" "+text) } } Wenn wir dieses nun initialisieren und ausführen, so erhalten wir nachfolgende Ausgabe:

eine weitere Implementation des Interfaces Erkennbar ist, dass wir in der Zeile 2 unser Interface definieren und jeweils in den Zeilen 4 & 7 eine andere Implementation zuweisen. Dieses funktioniert, da wir für unsere Klassen eine Vorlage nutzen und somit mit dieser arbeiten.

Groovy-Interface-Magic

Kommen wir nun zur Groovy Magic mit Interfaces. Wenn wir eine "normale" Klasse mit den Methoden aus dem Interface implementieren, ohne das Interface selber zu implementieren, dann können wir eine Instanz von dieser Klasse in das Interface umwandeln. import java.text.SimpleDateFormat public class OutputClass { public void printlnWithTimestamp(String text) { SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("MM/dd/yyyy HH:mm:SS") String datetime = df.format(new Date()) println(" "+text) } public void eineWeitereMethode() { println("Hier passiert nichts!") } } Um nun diese Klasse in eine Instanz unseres Interfaces zu verwandeln, benötigen wir den coercion operator, mit diesem können wir diverse Datentypen umwandeln (ähnlich wie ein casting). OutputClass outputClass = new OutputClass() service = outputClass as OutputService assert service instanceof OutputService Wenn wir dieses nun aufrufen, dann wird keine Fehlermeldung ausgegeben und unsere Klasse verhält sich wie das Interface. Jedoch verlieren wir die Funktion "eineWeitereMethode", denn diese ist im Interface nicht definiert. Read the full article

#ApacheGroovy #Interfaces #OOP

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nishantkumar246 · 3 years ago

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How is working laravel services?

For that, we will make an Interface and two classes of that Service that would do that Interface. It resembles an arrangement - Interface would portray the properties and frameworks that should exist in each of the classes that total that characteristic of affiliation. Would we be able to assemble a model.

Review those two Services in the model above ReportService and YearlyReportService? Would we be able to cause them to do a similar characteristic of joint effort. The rule part here is __construct(ReportServiceInterface $reportService). At this point, we can partner and trade any class that does that sign of association.

In any case, ordinarily, we lose Laravel "wizardry combination", considering the way that the system doesn't comprehend which class to utilize. So in the event that you leave it like this, you will get a screw up:

Illuminate\Contracts\Container\BindingResolutionException Target [App\Interfaces\ReportServiceInterface] isn't instantiable while building [App\Http\Controllers\Admin\ClientReportController].

Also, that is hard to miss, we didn't say which class to ship off.

We really need to do it in application/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php in a register() strategy. laravel services

To make this model impeccably seen, we should add an if-order with a thinking that expecting we have a nearby climate, we take ReportService, notwithstanding we genuinely need YearlyReportService. We are picking which association to utilize, reliant upon where we are right currently working - on our nearby PC, or on a live server. The model above is conceivable the most by and large saw use for the Dependency Injection with Interfaces - when you genuinely need to trade your Service reliant upon some condition, and you can no ifs, ands or buts do this in a Service Provider.

A few additional models can be where you're trading your email supplier or your piece supplier. In any case by then, at that point, obviously, it's basic (and testing) to ensure that the two associations do a similar sign of cooperation.

Loooong article, isn't that so? Certainly, considering how this subject is genuinely tangled, and I expected to sort out it with pretty genuine models, so you would get a handle on not actually how to utilize Dependency Injection and Services, yet in like manner WHY to utilize them and WHEN to utilize each case. In this model, the UserController needs to recover clients from an information source. Accordingly, we will embed an assist that with canning recover clients. In this extraordinary situation, our UserRepository almost certainly utilizes Eloquent to recover client data from the information base. Notwithstanding, since the vault is embedded, we can unquestionably trade it out with another execution. We are additionally ready to without any problem "misleading", or make a tricky execution of the UserRepository while testing our application.

A huge enthusiasm for the Laravel association holder is vital for building a strong, monster application, likewise concerning adding to the Laravel center itself.

Expecting a class has no conditions or essentially relies on other huge classes (not interfaces), the holder should not be told on the best method for finding that class. For instance, you could put the going with code in your courses/web.php record: In this model, hitting your application's/course will accordingly resolve the Service class and blend it into your course's administrator. This is down creating. It recommends you can energize your application and exploit reliance blend without fixating on extended plan records.

Fortunately, a broad piece of the classes you will shape while building a Laravel application regularly recognize their conditions through the compartment, including regulators, occasion swarm people, middleware, and the sky is the limit starting there. Also, you could type-hint conditions in the handle strategy for lined positions. Exactly when you taste the force of adjusted and no strategy reliance combination it feels hard to make without it.

By virtue of zero arrangement objective, you will regularly type-hint conditions on courses, regulators, occasion swarm people, and somewhere else without whenever genuinely talking with the holder. For instance, you could type-hint the Illuminate\Http\Request object on your course definition so you can unquestionably get to the current deals. Disregarding the way that we never need to collaborate with the compartment to make this code, it is dealing with the implantation of these conditions in the background:

Taking everything into account, considering changed reliance implantation and exterior, you can make Laravel applications without whenever really keeping or settling anything from the holder. Taking everything into account, you sometimes really talk with the holder. Would we be able to take apart two circumstances.

Regardless, expecting you make a class that executes a sign of participation and you wish to type-hint that put of correspondence on a course or class constructor, you should urge the compartment how to lay out that spot of affiliation. Additionally, expecting you are making a Laravel pack that you mean to present to other Laravel engineers, you could have to incorporate your gathering's associations with the compartment. Fundamentally all of your association compartment ties will be chosen inside master affiliations, so the vast majority of these models will show remembering the holder for that stand-out circumstance. Inside a specialist affiliation, you generally approach the compartment through the $this->app property. We can choose a limiting utilizing the tough spot strategy, dealing with the class or affiliation guide name that we wish toward enlist nearby an assurance that helps a case of the class:

Note that we get the authentic holder as a contention to the resolver. We can then utilize the holder to choose sub-conditions of the article we are building.

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mgvagas-cidadesbr-net-br · 5 years ago

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Descrição da Vaga:

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Requisitos:

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Requisitos necessários:

Word, Excel e PowerPoint – intermediário;

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Requisitos desejáveis:

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#Vagas de Emprego – Minas Gerais

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