#Titanium Oxide Export Import Data

[importexportinfo]

https://www.thetradevision.com/products/titanium-oxide-import-export-data

Solar cells, optical waveguides, interference filters, capacitors, and sensors frequently use titanium oxide. Cubic, anatase, and rutile are the three phases of titanium oxide. At 800 °C, the anatase phase turns into rutile. Download titanium oxide buyers suppliers details here.

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Hospital Air Purifiers Market is Expected to Grow at a CAGR of 16.33% During the Forecast Period

Hospital Air Purifiers market is expected to see market  growth during the forecast period from 2020 to 2027. Data Bridge Market Research analyzes the market for the forecast period to grow at a CAGR of 16.33%. Increasing consumer awareness of the benefits of hospital air purifiers, which will provide more opportunities for market growth.

Rapid industrialization, coupled with motorization across the globe, increased pollution levels, increased the incidence of airborne diseases, made people aware of drinking clean air, and increased the number of advanced technologies. are some of the insightful factors likely to enhance the growth of the Hospital Air Purifiers market during the forecast period 2020-2027. On the other hand, stringent government laws and regulations coupled with increasing levels of investment in the supply of fresh and clean air will create more opportunities leading to the growth of the hospital air purifier market during the aforementioned period. number of maintenance costs associated with the increasing need for large capital investments for research and development activities, which are likely to hamper the growth of the hospital air purifiers market during the aforementioned forecast period. The increasing emission of harmful chemicals as well as by-products from air filters will become the main challenge for the growth of the market.

Get Sample PDF Report:     https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/request-a-sample/?dbmr=global-hospital-air-purifiers-market

Key Players Covered in the Hospital Air Purifiers Market Report are Honeywell International Inc.; Xiaomi.; LG electronics. ; Unilever; COWAY CO., LTD. ; Koninklijke Philips NV; Sunbeam Products, Inc.; Sharp Electronics Corp.; Allen Corporation; Indian Tourbillon.; Austin Air; Camfil; Daikin Air Conditioner India Pvt. Limited. ; Eureka Forbes.; Air IQ. ; Panasonic India; bunny air; SAMSUNG; Winix Inc.; Hamilton Beach Brands, Inc.; among other national and global actors. Market share data is available separately for Global, North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific (APAC), Middle East and Africa (MEA), and South America. DBMR analysts understand competitive strengths and provide competitive analysis for each competitor separately.

This Hospital Air Purifiers Market report provides details on recent new developments, trade regulations, import-export analysis, production analysis, value chain optimization, market share, the impact of national market players. and localized, analyzes opportunities in terms of emerging revenue pockets, market regulatory changes, strategic market growth analysis, market size, category market growth, niche domain and application, product approvals, product launches, expansions geographical, technological innovations in the market. For more information on the Hospital Air Purifiers market,

For More Information About Market Analysis, Explore Research Report Summary @-        https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/reports/global-hospital-air-purifiers-market

Global Hospital Air Purifiers Market Scope and Market Size

The Hospital Air Purifiers Market is segmented on the basis of technology, type, and sales channel. Growth between these segments will help you analyze low-growth segments within industries and provide users with valuable market information and insights to help make strategic decisions to identify leading market applications.

On the basis of technology, the hospital air purifier market is segmented into Photoplasm, Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation, Thermodynamic Sterilization (TSS), Polarized Media Electronics, Activated Carbon, Ionizer Purifiers, Photocatalytic Oxidation (PCO), Titanium Dioxide, ozone generators and others.

Based on type, the hospital air purifier market is segmented into dust collectors, fume and smoke collectors, and others.

The hospital air purifier market has also been segmented based on sales channel into OEM and aftermarket.

Country Analysis of Hospital Air Purifier Market

The Hospital Air Purifier market is analyzed and market size information and trends are provided by country, technology, type and sales channel as above. Countries included in the Hospital Air Purifiers Market report are USA, Canada, and Mexico, North America, Germany, France, UK, Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, Russia, Italy, Spain, Turkey, the rest of Europe in Europe, China, Japan. , India. , South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Rest of Asia-Pacific (APAC) in Asia-Pacific (APAC), Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, South Africa, Egypt, Israel, Rest of Middle East and Africa (MEA) under Middle East and Africa (MEA),

The United States dominates the North American hospital air purifier market owing to the growing health awareness among the population coupled with the prevalence of various market players in the region, while China and India are expected to grow at the rate growth of hospital air highest in Asia. . Peaceful. purifiers market during the forecast period 2020 to 2027 due to rapid industrialization and rising pollution levels in the region.

Explore Complete TOC At :-     https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/toc/?dbmr=global-hospital-air-purifiers-market

The country section of the Hospital Air Purifiers market report also provides individual market impact factors and regulatory changes in the country market affecting current and future market trends. Data points such as consumption volumes, production sites and volumes, import and export analysis, price trend analysis, raw material cost, downstream and upstream value chain analysis are some of the main indicators used to forecast the market scenario for each country. Also, the presence and availability of global brands and the challenges they face due to significant or rare competition from local and national brands.

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An absolute way to predict what the future holds is to understand the current trend! Data Bridge Market Research presented itself as an unconventional and neoteric market research and consulting firm with an unparalleled level of resilience and integrated approaches. We are committed to uncovering the best market opportunities and nurturing effective information for your business to thrive in the marketplace. Data Bridge strives to provide appropriate solutions to complex business challenges and initiates an effortless decision-making process. Data Bridge is a set of pure wisdom and experience that was formulated and framed in 2015 in Pune.

Data Bridge Market Research   has more than 500 analysts working in different industries. We have served over 40% of the Fortune 500 companies globally and have a network of over 5,000 clients worldwide. Data Bridge knows how to create satisfied customers who trust our services and trust our hard work with certainty. We are pleased with our glorious 99.9% customer satisfaction rating.

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[ferroalloysexporter]

What Are Ferro Vanadium and its uses?

Ferro Vanadium is an alloy made by mixing iron with vanadium, with a vanadium concentration ranging from 35% to 85%. Ferro Vanadium is a universal hardener, strengthening, and anti-corrosive addition for steels such as high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel, tool steels, and other ferrous-based goods. Ferro Vanadium was originally employed in the construction of the Ford Model T and is being used in the vehicle industry today.

 Ferro chrome vanadium properties:

 As an addition to the ferrous metals manufacturing process, ferro vanadium imparts various desired qualities to the ensuing new compound. One of the key advantages of using Ferro Vanadium in an alloy is its resistance to alkalis, sulphuric and hydrochloric acids. Furthermore, adding Ferro Vanadium to an alloy can make a steel product less prone to corrosion of any kind. Ferro Vanadium is also utilized to lighten a material while boosting its tensile strength.

When combined with aluminum and titanium, it forms a strong alloy that can be used in applications such as dental implants and jet engines. Because of their low neutron absorbency, these alloys are also employed to construct nuclear reactors.

Vanadium compounds are used in a variety of industries. Vanadium pentoxide is used as a mordant (a chemical that aids in the permanent bonding of dyes to fabrics), as a catalyst in chemical reactions, and in the production of ceramics. Vanadium compounds are also utilized as catalysts in the production of sulfuric acid and polyamides such as nylon, as well as in the oxidation of a variety of organic molecules such as ethanol to acetaldehyde and sugar to oxalic acid.

 SPECIFICATION:-

●      V : 50% min / 75 % min

Vanadium is an essential byproduct that is almost entirely employed in ferrous and non-ferrous alloys due to its physical qualities such as high tensile strength, hardness, and fatigue resistance. Vanadium use in the iron and steel sector accounts for approximately 85 percent of all vanadium-bearing goods produced worldwide. Vanadium is used in a variety of alloys with iron, titanium, nickel, aluminum, chromium, and other metals for a wide range of commercial uses ranging from railway rails to tool steels to catalysts to aerospace. Primary sources of vanadium include ore feedstock, concentrates, metallurgical slags, and petroleum wastes.

 Market Size In 2022:

Growing Global Urbanization, Increased Chemical and Material Sales, Multinational Companies, Local Retailers, and Supply Chains can all fuel growth in the "Ferro Vanadium Market" over the forecasted period of 2022-2028. This Global Ferro Vanadium Market study includes in-depth data on the most recent industry and its framework. The report's data and statistics are supplemented by well-known analysis methodologies such as SWOT analysis and Porter's Five Forces analysis. This report's market research is extremely extensive, allowing businesses to make better decisions and establish better strategies in production, marketing, sales, and promotion. This Ferro Vanadium Market Report's primary chapters are accurately and specifically expanded market definitions, market segmentation, important market trends, competitive analysis, and research techniques. To achieve a competitive advantage, it is critical to grasp your competitor's core business strategy, past performance, and portfolio of competitors' products and services. This research includes in-depth analysis of the world's main businesses in the Ferro Vanadium Market.

 Vardhman Ferro Alloy is a leading importer, exporter and Supplier of all ferrous and non-ferrous metals. We have the right product for the right requirement and at the right price, rather than a mere supplier of the product we take utmost efforts in understanding the client’s requirement, identifying the right product at the right price.

[latest-market-reports-and-trends]

Nanomaterials Market 2022 | Business Opportunity, Growth Strategies & Forecast Report By 2028

The Global Nanomaterials Market Report, in its latest update, highlights the significant impacts and the recent strategical changes under the present socio-economic scenario. The Nanomaterials industry growth avenues are deeply supported by exhaustive research by the top analysts of the industry. The report starts with the executive summary, followed by a value chain and marketing channels study. The report then estimates the CAGR and market revenue of the global and regional segments.

Base Year: 2021

Estimated Year: 2022

Forecast Till: 2028

The report classifies the market into different segments based on type and product. These segments are studied in detail, incorporating the market estimates and forecasts at regional and country levels. The segment analysis is helpful in understanding the growth areas and potential opportunities of the market.

Get | Download FREE Sample Report of Global Nanomaterials Market @ https://www.decisiondatabases.com/contact/download-sample-15444

A special section is dedicated to the analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the growth of the Nanomaterials market.  The impact is closely studied in terms of production, import, export, and supply.

The report covers the complete competitive landscape of the Worldwide Nanomaterials market with company profiles of key players such as:

Air Products & Chemicals

Ahlstrom

Arkema

Covestro

Chasm Technologies Ltd.

CNANO Technologies Ltd.

Elmarco

Finetex ENE

Glonatech SA

Hollingsworth and Vose

Hyperion Catalysis International

Kuraray

Nanophase

Nanocyl SA

Nanoviricides

Showa Denko

Zyvex Technologies

Want to add more Company Profiles to the Report? Write your Customized Requirements to us @ https://www.decisiondatabases.com/contact/get-custom-research-15444

Nanomaterials Market Analysis by Material Type:

Metal Oxide (Silica, Aluminium Oxide/Hydroxide, Titanium Dioxide, Zinc Oxide, Iron Oxide, Other Metal Oxides)

Metals

Chemicals and Polymers (Nanopharmaceuticals, Liposomes, Other Chemicals & Polymers)

Nanotubes

Others (Conventional Materials and New Materials)

Nanomaterials Market Analysis by Application:

Construction

Packaging

Consumer Goods

Electrical and Electronics

Energy

Health Care

Transportation

Others

Nanomaterials Market Analysis by Geography:

North America (USA, Canada, and Mexico)

Europe (Germany, UK, France, Italy, Russia, Spain, Rest of Europe)

Asia Pacific (China, India, Japan, South Korea, Australia, South-East Asia, Rest of Asia-Pacific)

Latin America (Brazil, Argentina, Peru, Chile, Rest of Latin America)

The Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Israel, South Africa, Rest of the Middle East and Africa)

Key questions answered in the report:

What is the expected growth of the Nanomaterials market between 2022 to 2028?

Which application and type segment holds the maximum share in the Global Nanomaterials market?

Which regional Nanomaterials market shows the highest growth CAGR between 2022 to 2028?

What are the opportunities and challenges currently faced by the Nanomaterials market?

Who are the leading market players and what are their Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT)?

What business strategies are the competitors considering to stay in the Nanomaterials market?

Purchase the Complete Global Nanomaterials Market Research Report @ https://www.decisiondatabases.com/contact/buy-now-15444

About Us:

DecisionDatabases.com is a global business research report provider, enriching decision-makers, and strategists with qualitative statistics. DecisionDatabases.com is proficient in providing syndicated research reports, customized research reports, company profiles, and industry databases across multiple domains. Our expert research analysts have been trained to map client’s research requirements to the correct research resource leading to a distinctive edge over its competitors. We provide intellectual, precise, and meaningful data at a lightning speed.

For more details: DecisionDatabases.com E-Mail: sales@decisiondatabases.com Phone: +91 90 28 057900 Web: https://www.decisiondatabases.com/

[marketreseach]

Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Market Industry Scope, Future Expectations and Overview | Sigma-Aldrich, Access Business Group

The global research report titled “Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Market” has recently been published by The Research Insights which helps to provide guidelines for the businesses. It has been aggregated based on different key pillars of businesses such as drivers, restraints, and global opportunities. This Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Market research report has been compiled by using primary and secondary research techniques. Finally, researchers direct their focus on some significant points to give a gist about investment, profit margin, and revenue.

(Get Impressive Discount)

Download a Sample Copy of This Report(including full TOC, Tables and Figures):

https://www.theresearchinsights.com/request_sample.php?id=368916&mode=Arundhati  

The report presents the market competitive landscape and a corresponding detailed analysis of the major vendor/key players in the market. Top Companies in the Global Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Market: US Research Nanomaterials, Reinste, NanoScale, American Elements, EPRUI Nanoparticles and Microspheres, Altairnano, Sigma-Aldrich, Access Business Group

This report segments the global Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Market based on Types are:

Aluminum Oxide

Silicon Dioxide

Titanium Dioxide

Others

Based on Application, the Global Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Market is segmented into:

Electronics and Optics

Energy and Environment

Manufacturing

Medical and Cosmetics

Buy Exclusive Report @:

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Regional analysis of Global Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Market:

Geographically, the global Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Market has been fragmented into several regions such as North America, Latin America, Asia-Pacific, Africa, and Europe based on the productivity of several companies. Every segment along with its sub-segments is analyzed in the research report. The competitive landscape of the market has been elaborated by studying numerous factors such as top manufacturers, prices, and revenue.

The information on the global Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Market is accessible to readers in a logical chapter-wise format. Driving and restraining factors have been listed in this research report, which helps to understand positive and negative aspects in front of the businesses.

Access Full Report information with TOC, here:

https://www.theresearchinsights.com/reports/COVID19-Global–China-Metal-Oxide-Nanoparticles-Market-Research-by-Company-Type–Application-20152026-368916?mode=Arundhati    

What are the market factors that are explained in the report?

-Key Strategic Developments: The Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Market study also includes the key strategic developments of the market, comprising R&D, new product launch, M&A, agreements, collaborations, partnerships, joint ventures, and regional growth of the leading competitors operating in the market on a global and regional scale.

-Key Market Features: The Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Market report evaluated key market features, including revenue, price, capacity, capacity utilization rate, gross, production, production rate, consumption, import/export, supply/demand, cost, market share, CAGR, and gross margin. In addition, the study offers a comprehensive study of the key market dynamics and their latest trends, along with pertinent market segments and sub-segments.

-Analytical Tools: The Global Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Market report includes the accurately studied and assessed data of the key industry players and their scope in the market using several analytical tools. The analytical tools such as Porter’s five forces analysis, SWOT analysis, feasibility study, and investment return analysis have been used to analyze the key players’ growth in the market.

Customization of the Report: This report can be customized as per your needs for additional data up to 3 companies or countries or 40 analyst hours.

About us:

The Research Insights – A global leader in analytics, research, and advisory that can assist you to renovate your business and modify your approach. With us, you will learn to take decisions intrepidly. We make sense of drawbacks, opportunities, circumstances, estimations, and information using our experienced skills and verified methodologies. Our research reports will give you an exceptional experience of innovative solutions and outcomes. We have effectively steered businesses all over the world with our market research reports and are outstandingly positioned to lead digital transformations. Thus, we craft greater value for clients by presenting advanced opportunities in the global market.

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[marketrevenueba]

Butanediol Market Worth ,Research Report, Size, Share, Industry Outlook - 2020-2027

Reports and Data has published a new study on the Global Butanediol Market comprising of exclusive insights, growth prospects, market size and share estimation, and opportunities. Global Butanediol Market report is a comprehensive and top-notch market report which offers the professionals and businesses critical insights into the market and industry. The research study on the Butanediol market provides a complete overview of the product portfolio, value chain analysis, revenue contribution, profit margins, and other major factors. The report includes insights offered by industry experts, professions, and research analysts.

The COVID-19 pandemic has created disruptions across supply chains, sales network, and distribution channels. This has impacted the Butanediol market on a global and regional scale. The report covers extensive analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Butanediol market and offers a current and future market outlook of the market with regards to the pandemic.

To get a sample PDF copy of the report, visit @ https://www.reportsanddata.com/sample-enquiry-form/2684

The Butanediol market report begins with basic definitions, product descriptions, competitive landscape, market players, market segmentation, and regional bifurcation of the Butanediol market. The report further talks about the market scenario with regard to market drivers, restraints, opportunities, and growth prospects. The report also talks about the market segmentation and offers insights into the segment showing promising growth over the forecast period.

Top Leaders Operating in the Market are:

BASF SE, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Ashland Inc., SK Global Chemical Co. Ltd., Nan Ya Plastics Corporation, Mitsui & Co. Ltd., Genomatica Inc., Chemtura Corporation, Dairen Chemical Corporation, and Bioamber Inc., among others.

Butanediol Market Segmentation:

Technology Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion; Volume, Kilo Tons; 2016-2027)

Davy Process

Butadiene Process

Reppe Process

Propylene Oxide Process

Application Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion; Volume, Kilo Tons; 2016-2027)

Poly Butylenes Terephthalate (PBT)

Tetrahydrofuran (THF)

Polyurethane (PU)

Gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL)

Request a customization on the report @ https://www.reportsanddata.com/request-customization-form/2684

The report talks about the key competitors with regard to their market size, product portfolio, manufacturing and production capacity, profit margins, revenue generation, regional spread, and research and development activities. The report also discusses in detail the mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures, product launches, brand promotions, collaborations, corporate deals, and licensing agreements, and more. The report provides a comprehensive overview of the competitive landscape and regional spread.

The regional analysis offers a complete overview of the regional spread of the market along with production and consumption patterns, import/export, supply and demand dynamics, revenue contribution, trends and demands, and presence of prominent players in each region.

Regional Analysis Covers:

North America (U.S., Canada, Mexico)

Europe (U.K., Italy, Germany, France, Rest of EU)

Asia Pacific (India, Japan, China, South Korea, Australia, Rest of APAC)

Latin America (Chile, Brazil, Argentina, Rest of Latin America)

Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, U.A.E., South Africa, Rest of MEA)

To know more about the report, visit @ https://www.reportsanddata.com/report-detail/butanediol-market

Key Questions Answered by the Report:

What are the key market trends influencing the growth of the Butanediol market?

Who are the prominent players of the Butanediol market?

What is the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Butanediol market?

What are the key growth driving and restraining of the Butanediol market?

What are the strengths and weaknesses of the prominent players of the Butanediol market?

What are the key outcomes of the SWOT analysis and Porter’s Five Forces analysis?

Thank you for reading our report. To know more about the report and its customization, kindly get in touch with us. Our team will ensure the report is tailored according to your needs and requirements.

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Titanium Alloys Aluminum Alloys Aerospace Materials Market  Worth

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[cks11]

Research Report On Emerging Trends Of Transition Metal

Research Report On Emerging Trends Of Transition Metal

The Global Transition Metal Dichalcogenides(TMDC), a section of the transition metal family is a fast developing industry in India. With a view to promote industrial production, several new industries have come up in India with specialized manufacturing capabilities to provide products at a much lower cost. The growth in the segment has helped immensely in improving the quality and quantity of manufactured products, which ultimately leads to widening the scope for the industries. For all this, a detailed Market Analysis Report is required which helps in determining the present scenario of the market and the feasibility of the proposed business in that sector. This analysis helps businesses understand the present needs and aspirations of the market, which helps them plan their strategies accordingly.

While doing a Market Analysis on transition metal dichalcogenides, two important concepts like engineering and economics play an important role. These concepts are interrelated in a way that the area of engineering focuses mainly on the short-term benefits while the area of economics provides long term recommendations. Therefore it is important to study both areas when planning to invest in transition metal dichalcogenides. A clear understanding of the present demand, supply and price data is necessary for an analysis of these three concepts. The present price of the metal in the market, which includes the current price of raw material, transportation cost and other overhead charges are important factors.

There are several transition metal dichalcogenides available in the market that include cathode and anode varieties. The cathode varieties include cadmium, titanium, iron, lead, indium, gallium and lithium alloys. The most commonly used cathode material is cadmium. It has a broad band width which enables it to undergo electrochemical reactions easily and that leads to superior ionic stability for it.

On the other hand, there are transition metal dichalcogenides that comprise of an anode and a cathode. Some examples of this type are aluminium anodes with a beryllium content and gallium arsenide cathode. The most commonly used anodes are cobalt, titanium and iron alloys. The transition metal dichalcogenides with a beryllium content are known as cobalt and martensite anodes. The transition metal dichalcogenides with a beryllium content are known as martensite and cobalt-titanium alloys.

Then, there are transition metal dichalcogenides  market with a transition metal oxide surface. These include platinum and palladium anodes. transition metal dichalcogenides with transition metal oxide surfaces are called as transition metal dichalcogenides. There are also transition metal dichalcogenides with a beryllium surface. Examples are titanium and zircon. Another transition metal dichalcogenides with a beryllium surface is called as dichalcumine and has a high electrical conductivity and dielectric strength.

There is a popular trend in the semiconductor market analysis where the price of a metal increases when compared to other metals in the same class. This can be understood by looking at the trends in the pricing of dichalcogenides. For example, when prices of dichalcogenides with a beryllium surface were increased, the demand for dichalcogenide and the sales of dichalcogenide increased. Hence, it is clear that the trend indicates increasing demand and the need to increase the size of the market.

There are several reasons due to which the demand for transition metal is increasing. The foremost reason is the increasing global economy. As per the latest survey reports, India is the world leader in transition metal use. The countries like China, Pakistan and South Africa are also increasing their demand for transition metal.

There are some other key players in the global market. The main players are Russia, Japan, USA, Germany and Sweden. All these nations are involved in the supply chain structure. Some of the important points that have been discussed in the research report include the growth in demand, increasing global economic impact, stability of prices and supply. Based on the above analysis, it is concluded that there is a need for the market to be further explored and new market size can be established through innovative applications and research reports can help in this process.

The research team projects that the Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDC) market size will grow from XXX in 2020 to XXX by 2027, at an estimated CAGR of XX. The base year considered for the study is 2020, and the market size is projected from 2020 to 2027.

The prime objective of this report is to help the user understand the market in terms of its definition, segmentation, market potential, influential trends, and the challenges that the market is facing with 10 major regions and 50 major countries. Deep researches and analysis were done during the preparation of the report. The readers will find this report very helpful in understanding the market in depth. The data and the information regarding the market are taken from reliable sources such as websites, annual reports of the companies, journals, and others and were checked and validated by the industry experts. The facts and data are represented in the report using diagrams, graphs, pie charts, and other pictorial representations. This enhances the visual representation and also helps in understanding the facts much better.

By Market Players: Rose Mill Co. BryCoat, Inc. EdgeTech Industries, LLC Micro Surface Corp. Atlantic Equipment Engineers, Inc. ALB Materials, Inc. Skyspring Nanomaterials, Inc. H.C. Starck, Inc. Denka 3M Company Dow Henze US Research Nanomaterials M.K. Impex Corp Tungsten Solutions Group Intl., Inc. Lower Friction Shanghai Angwei Technology Co., Ltd Exploiter Molybdenum EPRUI Nanoparticles & Microspheres Freeport-McMoRan Treibacher Industrieholding GmbH TRITRUST INDUSTRIAL (CHINA)

By Type Molybdenum Disulfide Molybdenum Diselenide Molybdenum Ditelluride Tungsten Disulfide Tungsten Diselenide Other

By Application Nano Electronics Optoelectronics Other

By Regions/Countries: North America United States Canada Mexico

East Asia China Japan South Korea

Europe Germany United Kingdom France Italy Russia Spain Netherlands Switzerland Poland

South Asia India Pakistan Bangladesh

Southeast Asia Indonesia Thailand Singapore Malaysia Philippines Vietnam Myanmar

Middle East Turkey Saudi Arabia Iran United Arab Emirates Israel Iraq Qatar Kuwait Oman

Africa Nigeria South Africa Egypt Algeria Morocoo

Oceania Australia New Zealand

South America Brazil Argentina Colombia Chile Venezuela Peru Puerto Rico Ecuador

Rest of the World Kazakhstan

Points Covered in The Report The points that are discussed within the report are the major market players that are involved in the market such as market players, raw material suppliers, equipment suppliers, end users, traders, distributors and etc. The complete profile of the companies is mentioned. And the capacity, production, price, revenue, cost, gross, gross margin, sales volume, sales revenue, consumption, growth rate, import, export, supply, future strategies, and the technological developments that they are making are also included within the report. This report analyzed 12 years data history and forecast. The growth factors of the market is discussed in detail wherein the different end users of the market are explained in detail. Data and information by market player, by region, by type, by application and etc, and custom research can be added according to specific requirements. The report contains the SWOT analysis of the market. Finally, the report contains the conclusion part where the opinions of the industrial experts are included.

Key Reasons to Purchase To gain insightful analyses of the market and have comprehensive understanding of the global market and its commercial landscape. Assess the production processes, major issues, and solutions to mitigate the development risk. To understand the most affecting driving and restraining forces in the market and its impact in the global market. Learn about the market strategies that are being adopted by leading respective organizations. To understand the future outlook and prospects for the market. Besides the standard structure reports, we also provide custom research according to specific requirements.

The report focuses on Global, Top 10 Regions and Top 50 Countries Market Size of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDC) 2016-2021, and development forecast 2022-2027 including industries, major players/suppliers worldwide and market share by regions, with company and product introduction, position in the market including their market status and development trend by types and applications which will provide its price and profit status, and marketing status & market growth drivers and challenges, with base year as 2020.

Key Indicators Analysed Market Players & Competitor Analysis: The report covers the key players of the industry including Company Profile, Product Specifications, Production Capacity/Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin 2016-2021 & Sales by Product Types. Global and Regional Market Analysis: The report includes Global & Regional market status and outlook 2022-2027. Further the report provides break down details about each region & countries covered in the report. Identifying its production, consumption, import & export, sales volume & revenue forecast. Market Analysis by Product Type: The report covers majority Product Types in the Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDC) Industry, including its product specifcations by each key player, volume, sales by Volume and Value (M USD). Markat Analysis by Application Type: Based on the Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDC) Industry and its applications, the market is further sub-segmented into several major Application of its industry. It provides you with the market size, CAGR & forecast by each industry applications. Market Trends: Market key trends which include Increased Competition and Continuous Innovations. Opportunities and Drivers: Identifying the Growing Demands and New Technology Porters Five Force Analysis: The report will provide with the state of competition in industry depending on five basic forces: threat of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers, threat of substitute products or services, and existing industry rivalry.

COVID-19 Impact Report covers Impact of Coronavirus COVID-19: Since the COVID-19 virus outbreak in December 2019, the disease has spread to almost every country around the globe with the World Health Organization declaring it a public health emergency. The global impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are already starting to be felt, and will significantly affect the Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDC) market in 2021. The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought effects on many aspects, like flight cancellations; travel bans and quarantines; restaurants closed; all indoor/outdoor events restricted; over forty countries state of emergency declared; massive slowing of the supply chain; stock market volatility; falling business confidence, growing panic among the population, and uncertainty about future.

 For more details contact as https://www.reportmines.com/contact-us.php

[numberonechildtiger]

Global Mobile Emission Catalyst Market Report to Cover Industrial Chain Analysis, Manufacturing Cost Structure, Process Analysis

The global Mobile Emission Catalyst market research report provides a detailed analysis of various elements influencing the Mobile Emission Catalyst market. It includes market opportunities, growth drivers, risk, challenges, constraints, and threats in the Mobile Emission Catalyst market. The most recent research report also covers manufacturing cost analysis and numerous elements such as acquisitions and mergers, developments, raw material analysis, and product price trends in the global Mobile Emission Catalyst market for a specified period. It also exhibits the major market players (Johnson Matthey, BASF, DCL International, Tenneco, AeriNox, Walker Exhaust Systems, Rhodia, Clean Diesel Technologies, Corning, Umicore, Cormetech, Clariant) in the Mobile Emission Catalyst market.

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(The Free sample copy covers: Report Overview, TOC, Segmentation, Report Structure, Competitive Landscape, and Methodology.)

The latest research report covers key product suppliers and analysis of the manufacturing process. It also includes trends in consumer needs, technology progress, and external environmental change. The Mobile Emission Catalyst market research report also offers a regional analysis of the market on a global and regional level.

The latest COVID-19 impact on the market is also included in this latest report. Every aspect of life globally has been affected by the epidemic of coronavirus (COVID-19). Due to this, there have been many changes in the market conditions. Future and preliminary assessments of the rapidly changing market impact and scenario are included in the report.

Leading players operating in this Report are: Johnson Matthey, BASF, DCL International, Tenneco, AeriNox, Walker Exhaust Systems, Rhodia, Clean Diesel Technologies, Corning, Umicore, Cormetech, Clariant, and many more.

(*Note: Other Players can be added per Request*)

The Mobile Emission Catalyst market report covers the share, size, and forecast (value and volume) of the market for a specified period. It also includes top players, product types & applications, and historical data along with the forecast. Research analysts speculate competitive strengths and give separate competitive analysis for every contender.

This report offers a thorough description, a wide product portfolio of important vendors, and business plans adopted by competitors. It uses various techniques such as SWOT analysis and Porter's Five Forces analysis to study the global Mobile Emission Catalyst market. It as well includes sales and revenue of key market players in the Mobile Emission Catalyst market for the specified period.

Global Mobile Emission Catalyst Market Segmentation

The global Mobile Emission Catalyst market is divided into various segments such as Type ( Vanadium, Platinum, Rhodium, Zeolites, Oxides of Tungsten, Titanium, Molybdenum ), Applications ( Gasoline Vehicles, Diesel Vehicles, Natural Gas Vehicles )  and Regions. The report gives accurate information about the leading market players such as market share, cost, price, revenue, growth rate, export/import, production, capacity, gross margin, and consumption. The report further offers the marketing channel, cost structure, manufacturing process, and industry chain. The report includes significant regions such as North America, Europe, the Middle East & Africa, Latin America, and the Asia Pacific for the market. It additionally gives complete insights, revenue details, and other important data concerning the global Mobile Emission Catalyst market for the predicted period.

By Types:

Vanadium, Platinum, Rhodium, Zeolites, Oxides of Tungsten, Titanium, Molybdenum

By Applications:

Gasoline Vehicles, Diesel Vehicles, Natural Gas Vehicles

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Global Mobile Emission Catalyst Market Regions and Countries Level Analysis

Regional analysis is an extremely wide part of this report. This division highlights sales of Mobile Emission Catalyst at the country and regional levels. This information presents a complete and accurate region-wise market size analysis and country-wise volume analysis of the global market.

The report gives a top to bottom evaluation of the growth and other features of the market in crucial countries such as the United States, Mexico, Canada, UK, Russia, Italy, Germany, France, India, China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, Brazil, and GCC Countries. The competitive landscape section of the global market report presents important data about the market's leading players such as their global presence, Mobile Emission Catalyst sales, revenue generated, market share, prices, production sites and facilities, company overview, total revenue (financials), market potential, products offered, and strategies utilized. This study gives revenue, market share, and Mobile Emission Catalyst sales for every player included in this report for a period during 2016 and 2020.

Years Considered to Estimate the Market Size:

History Year: 2016-2018

Base Year: 2019

Estimated Year: 2020

Forecast Year: 2020-2026

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Crucial Facts about Mobile Emission Catalyst Market Report:

The report has various procedures and approaches supported by top market players that facilitate effective business judgments.

This analysis report contains Mobile Emission Catalyst Market overview, demand and supply ratio, supply chain analysis, market share, and import/export aspects.

The report gives data such as strategies adopted by market players, products/services they provide, and production value.

Why Choose Us:

We present a wide graphic description of the strategic recommendations, information, consequences of the analytical tools to give an extensive landscape, focusing on the key market players. This comprehensive evaluation of the market will benefit the company to increase productivity.

Our report assists readers to understand the modern and future constraints in the Mobile Emission Catalyst Market and assists them to express the best business plans to expand growth in the market.

We give industry-leading important reports with detailed insights into the future of the market.

This report has been evaluated by some industry experts in the market, thus it is beneficial to the company and to maximize their return on investment.

• The demand and supply dynamics proposed in the research report provide a 360-degree picture of the market.

Customization of the Report:

Syndicate Market Research offers customization of reports as per your demand. This analysis report can be presented to satisfy your needs. Feel free to contact our sales team, who will assure you to get a report that meets your requirements.

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https://www.thetradevision.com/products/corundum-import-export-data

A crystalline type of aluminum oxide known as corundum frequently includes traces of iron, titanium, vanadium, and chromium. It is a mineral that creates rocks. It is a naturally transparent substance, but depending on the presence of transition metal impurities in its crystalline structure, it can have a variety of hues. Download corundum buyers suppliers details here.

[steve-daniel]

Automotive Oxygen Sensor Market Research 2024 | Market Growth Insight

“The latest report on the Worldwide Automotive Oxygen Sensor  market Report is the more professional in-depth of this market is providers the status and forecast, categorizes, market size (value & volume) by type, application, and region.

The analysis tracks the impact of key market dynamics on the major challenges and the strategies adopted by key vendors and market players to overcome the challenges and expand their market presence. The study takes a closer look at the strategies and measures adopted by key stakeholders and investors to boost the development of product; the analysis will be useful in understanding the end-user profile, the adoption rate of key segments among them and various developmental trends. The analysis focuses on the imminent investment pockets across various regions to identify the lucrative market segments.

Get Sample PDF copy For More Professional Technical Insight

The report also presents the market competitive landscape and a corresponding detailed analysis of the major vendor/key players in the market.

The strategic analysis of Automotive Oxygen Sensor market players along with their expansion strategy would help business planners and regional policy makers to devise effective brand strategies. The factors that would drive investments by various stakeholders on the research and developments of the product along with the recent technological advancements that would shake up the competitive landscape scenario in major countries.

The players mentioned in our report NGK Bosch Delphi Kefico ACHR PAILE Pucheng Sensors VOLKSE Air Blue DENSO Global Automotive Oxygen Sensor Market: Product Segment Analysis Titanium oxide type Zirconia type

Global Automotive Oxygen Sensor Market: Application Segment Analysis Commercial vehicle Passager vehicle

Global Automotive Oxygen Sensor Market: Regional Segment Analysis China Europe USA Japan India

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Key Points from the Table of Contents in this Report 1. Industry Overview of Automotive Oxygen Sensor market 2. Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Automotive Oxygen Sensor market 3. Technical Data and Manufacturing Plants Analysis of Automotive Oxygen Sensor market 4. Capacity, Production and Revenue Analysis of Automotive Oxygen Sensor market by Regions, Types and Manufacturers 5. Price, Cost, Gross and Gross Margin Analysis of Automotive Oxygen Sensor market by Regions, Types and Manufacturers 6. Consumption Volume, Consumption Value and Sale Price Analysis of Automotive Oxygen Sensor market by Regions, Types and Applications 7. Supply, Import, Export and Consumption Analysis of Automotive Oxygen Sensor market 8. Major Manufacturers Analysis of Automotive Oxygen Sensor market 9. Marketing Trader or Distributor Analysis of Automotive Oxygen Sensor market 10. Industry Chain Analysis of Automotive Oxygen Sensor market

The scope of this report centers on key market analyses, market drivers & challenges, and competitive analysis & trends. Research report examines each market and its applications, regulatory scenario, technological innovations, Automotive Oxygen Sensor market projections, market sizes, and shares. Moreover, the Automotive Oxygen Sensor market report examines the most recent trends, pipeline products and developments in the Automotive Oxygen Sensor  market. Complete profiles of leading organizations in the market are also mentioned in this report.

In the end, It includes the methodical description of the various factors such as the market growth and a detailed information about the different company’s revenue, growth, technological developments, production, and the various other strategic developments.

Order this Automotive Oxygen Sensor Market Research Report: https://www.marketgrowthinsight.com/checkout/41397

Thus, the Automotive Oxygen Sensor  Market Report serves as a valuable material for all industry competitors and individuals having a keen interest in Automotive Oxygen Sensor  Market study.

About us : Market Growth Insight, is a one stop solution for market research reports in various business categories. We are serving 100+ clients with 10000+ diverse industry reports and our reports are developed to simplify strategic decision making, on the basis of comprehensive and in-depth significant information, established through wide ranging analysis and latest industry trends. Contact us : 502, Sai Radhe, Kenedy Road, Behind Hotel Sheraton Grand, Near Pune Station, Pune-411001, sales@marketgrowthinsight.com +1 347 767 5477

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[mandarworld]

Optoelectronics Market: Share, Key Vendors Analysis, Import & Export, Revenue by Forecast

Global Optoelectronics Market Research Report – by component (LED, Laser diode, infrared component), a light source (ultraviolet, infrared, visible), industry (healthcare, automotive, telecommunication, consumer electronics)  region – Forecast till 2023

Market Synopsis

Optoelectronics is a discipline that refers to the study, design, and manufacture of hardware devices which convert electrical signals into photon signals and vice versa. The light often includes invisible forms of radiation such as gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet and infrared, in addition to the visible light. In general, optoelectronic devices are electrical-to-optical or optical-to-electrical transducers or instruments that use light-based components in their operation. Optoelectronics is at a crossroad of optical-communication, optical-storage, and optical imaging industries. The cost of transmission is expected to reduce as the reach of internet and data centers expands.

The increased use of infrared components in consumer electronics like cameras, thermal imaging systems, in automobile positioning sensors and many others are primarily driving the market for global optoelectronics. Also, the technological advancements in the area of LEDs are fuelling the market growth. However, high raw material cost and rapidly surfacing substitutes can threaten the market and hinder the growth.

In March 2018, Samsung Electronics, a global leader in digital component solutions has achieved the highest light efficacies for its fillet-enhanced chip-scale package LED line up – LM101B, LH181B, and LH231B. The LEDs are based on Samsung’s CSP technology which is capable of building titanium oxide walls on the surface of the chip resulting direct light output. With chip’s small form factor and reduced cross-talk, these devices can be deployed in spotlighting applications. The CSP LED differs from a normal LED in size, cost and emitting power. Samsung also made the LM101B series LEDs to mount on to other mid-power CSP LEDs easily, by modifying the electrode pad.

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Segmentation

The global optoelectronics market is segmented on the basis of the component, light source, industry, and region. On the basis of the component, the segment is further classified into LED, laser diodes, infrared components, optocouplers, image sensors, photovoltaic cells and many others. On the basis of the light source, the segment is further classified into ultraviolet, infrared, X-rays, and visible light. On the basis of industry, the segment is further classified into healthcare, automotive, telecommunication, consumer electronics, aerospace and defense and many others. On the basis of region, the market is studied for North America, Europe, Asia Pacific and rest of the world.

SOURCE: Company websites, annual reports, white papers, MRFR analysis

Global optoelectronics components market is estimated to reach USD 75 billion at CAGR 12% through the forecast period 2023

Regional Analysis

The global optoelectronics market is observed for North America, Europe, Asia Pacific and rest of the world. Asia Pacific region holds the major market share in global optoelectronics market and is expected to continue through the forecast period. The presence of major companies in the region and increased use of components in consumer electronics are driving the market in the region. The demand for optoelectronics in major regions like Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan are fuelling the market growth. North America holds a significant position in the global optoelectronics market. The low power consumption of optoelectronics and their durability are driving many organizations to deploy optoelectronics which is driving the market in this region. The key players are undergoing through various merger and acquisition and research activities to develop cost-effective product portfolio.

Some of the key players in the global optoelectronics market are Cree, Inc. (U.S.), Osram Licht AG (Germany), Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. (U.S.), ON Semiconductor (U.S.), OmniVision Technologies, Inc. (U.S.), Sony Corporation (Japan), Sharp Corporation (Japan), Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (South Korea), Koninklijke Philips N.V. (the Netherlands), General Electric Company (U.S.).

Some of the key innovators in the global optoelectronics market are  Toshiba Corporation (Japan), Rohm Co., Ltd. (Japan), Panasonic Corporation (Japan), Finisar Corporation (U.S.), Avago Technologies, Ltd. (U.S.), Dialight Corp.(U.K), Merck KGaA (Germany), OSI Optoelectronics (U.S.), Texas Instruments (U.S.), NXP Semiconductors (the Netherlands), Analog Devices (U.S.), Taiwan Semiconductors (Taiwan), Fairchild Semiconductor International, Inc. (U.S.) and many others.

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Intended Audience

Technology investors

OEM

Optoelectronics equipment     manufacturers

Research Organizations

Integrators

Telecommunication providers

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[sherristockman]

What Dangers Are Lurking in Leather? Dr. Mercola By Dr. Mercola Walk through the accessories, outwear and furniture sections of any department store and you'll find an enticing array of handbags, jackets, sofas and armchairs made from "genuine leather." Car interiors are another place you'll find it, with the accompanying coveted smell. But where does the leather for these items come from? Sure, most of it comes from cows and pigs, although there is a market for leather made from snakes, buffalo, kangaroos and even fish and ostriches. It may come as a surprise, but the global market for the plethora of leather applications is gargantuan, and even that may be an understatement. Undark, a digital publication of the Knight Science Journalism Fellowship Program headquartered at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, estimates it to be around $200 billion annually.1 Leather footwear is the biggest seller, worth about $47 billion. Gloves are next, grabbing around $12.3 billion.2 But where — and more importantly, how — is the leather for these products processed? For this piece, it's not the sources of leather we'll explore, but how it's treated that can negatively impact your health. The Leather Tanning Industry Is Big Business The leather tanning industry is big, big business in Bangladesh. Around 90 percent of the country's leather is tanned in the capital city of Hazaribagh. Around $1.5 billion in leather and leather goods were produced in 2015 and 2016 as the second largest export to around 70 countries,3 the Bangladesh Board of Investment reported.4 While Bangladesh has regulations in place concerning how leather is processed, Undark says the magnates behind the country's leather-tanning industry have "spent decades hopscotching across the globe, assiduously fleeing regulation and rising labor costs, and leaving long-lasting toxic footprints at each stop."5 At the end of 2016, after years of delays, a crack-down came to the leather industry in Bangladesh. Many tanneries had already moved or closed, and Hazaribagh's remaining 150 enterprises were ordered to do the same or move to the new tannery center of Savar, 14 miles away. But again, authorities granted an extension. Undark equates the government's attempts to clean up the industry to forcing it to morph from the 19th to the 21st century. It's a conundrum, because cleaning up the toxic waste caused by such tanning operations means thousands of people become jobless. Big Business, but an Even Bigger Danger to Health and the Environment Hazaribagh's tanneries have dumped about 5.8 million gallons of untreated effluents (liquid waste) into the Buriganga River. One article described scraps of hide, flesh, surfectants, chromium III (known to cause serious skin and respiratory irritation) and ammonium sulphate, to name a few. Sadly: "The Buriganga itself, once the main source of drinking water for Dhaka, has become so polluted by tannery and other industrial and human wastes that it is widely regarded as unsafe for human use — even as the greater metropolitan area of more than 17 million people struggles with episodic droughts and depleted groundwater supplies."6 A review on chromium noted its association with several negative effects for both human health and the environment, because it can "easily oxidize to chromium VI, a suspected carcinogen, at very low pH values when oxygen is present, and causes acute and chronic damage to the aquatic environment.7 Chicken as a staple food may be even bigger in Bangladesh than in the U.S., but testing revealed toxic levels of chromium in chickens from the area, fed tannery scraps. In fact, most people there eat an average of 250 grams of chicken per day, and subsequently ingest four times the amounts of chromium deemed healthy.8 One article maintains that chromium salts used to treat leather may not cause problems with brief or occasional contact, but prolonged skin contact may cause dermatitis or other irritation, as production processes can permeate skin in vitro. Experts advise against wearing leather garments such as belts, gloves and shoes.9 The problem chromium causes on skin isn't pleasant, potentially causing "dry, cracked, and scaled skin as well as erosive ulcerations that refuse to heal known [as] chrome holes."10 It's hard to say what damage it causes when it's ingested. How Human Health Is Adversely Affected by Tanning Toxins and Dyes In 1981, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) reported that researchers had found no link between the industry and the prevalence of nasal cancer among tannery workers.11 But soon after, studies came to light that not only linked nasal cancer but also testicular and bladder cancers. The studies said the cancers were linked to the dyes or solvents used during the leather finishing process. Then lung and pancreatic cancers began being reported in association with leather dust and tanning. By the year 2000, scientists also found a link between compounds in Chromium VI and an increased risk of respiratory cancer.12 It's also important to understand that it may cause cumulative damage. Gizmodo states: "Unlike the wholly organic methods used by our forebears, the modern leather industry is simultaneously killing the local environment and the people that work there with a toxic slurry of chemicals … Chromium-tanned leather is the most popular form of producing leather these days, and one of the most noxious. In large doses, such as when chromium-laced waste is dumped into regional water systems, it can damage fish gills, incite respiratory problems, infections, infertility, and birth defects. It can also instigate a number of serious cancers in animals throughout the food chain."13 Further, when chromium's fine dust particles are inhaled, it's not only a lung irritant, but a carcinogen affecting workers' upper respiratory tracts, increasing their risk of lung, sinus and nasal cavity cancers, asthma, bronchitis, polyps and pharyngitis, among other problems. That doesn't include the appalling number of workers killed or disfigured when they slip and fall into chemical baths and drown or are boiled alive, or those exposed to lime, tanning solutions, dyes, solvents and disinfectants, which they can breathe in, handle or stand in daily for years or even decades. Does the Fashion Industry Have a Moral Responsibility? Do Consumers? In the midst of this, most consumers have no way of knowing where the leather in their boots, jackets or handbags came from unless the companies themselves reveal their supply chains. But a little investigative work may tell you all you need to know. It goes without saying that the fashion industry, et al, is a leading purveyor of leather products. Some designers and retailers do, however, refuse to purchase from tanneries where human rights are violated because of the age of the workers, conditions and chemicals used for processing. Datamyne, providing data on international trade, reveals via shipping records that $52.24 million in leather goods were transported from Bangladesh to U.S.- and European-based fashion retailers between January and October 2016. Most now come from sources other than Hazaribagh, however. In fact, Undark notes: "Dozens of companies now have statements on their websites espousing support for ethical sourcing, human rights, and sustainable manufacturing processes. But few disclose detailed information about their suppliers. As conditions in Hazaribagh and other tanning centers of the world become more well known, consumers are asking whether the leather in their boots or bags was produced by tanneries that pollute and expose workers to hazardous conditions."14 Richard Pearshouse, author of the Human Rights Watch report, travels often to Hazaribagh and asserts that companies, too, have an obligation to ask these questions. He believes that because tanning is now becoming known as an extremely hazardous industry, especially where oversight is scarce, business owners and manufacturers must be held accountable. "You need to take reasonable steps to protect your workers — protective equipment, masks, gloves, aprons, to protect against chemical burns — and you do not employ children … Leather companies should be on notice," he adds, "that if they're importing from Bangladesh, this is the most notorious tanning area in the world."15 Leather Danger Goes Further: Check Your Dog's Chew Toys A lot of people give rawhide chew sticks to their dogs because they know how satisfying it is for them to carry, bury, chew on and wrestle with something that also helps keep their teeth strong. A lot of those same people probably think those chew toys have some sort of meat or protein in them, and are "some sort of dried-up meat stick," as Dogs Naturally Magazine notes. However: "A rawhide stick is not the by-product of the beef industry nor is it made of dehydrated meat. Rather, rawhide is the by-product of the leather industry, so theoretically it is a leather chew."16 The procedure for creating these irresistible chew toys generally involves shipping it, like other leather, from the slaughterhouse to the tannery. The top grain is tanned while the inner part remains "raw." Then it's placed in a chemical bath, presumably to preserve it and prevent spoilage. Next is a chemical ash-lye solution, which the site calls "a highly toxic recipe of sodium sulphide liming [to] help strip the hair and fat that may be attached to the hides themselves." The next step is chemicals to "puff" the hide for easier splitting into layers. The outer layer is used for things like boots, belts and car seats. For the "post-tannery" stage, hides are washed and bleached to help get rid of the "putrid leather" smell (using more chemicals if that doesn't do it). Then, rawhide sticks are often painted with titanium dioxide to make them a pale, uniform color. Material Safety Data Sheets may list carcinogenic FD&C Red 40 and sodium benzoate; testing might reveal substances like lead, arsenic, mercury and formaldehyde. Mother Nature Network says rawhide: "Can cause digestive issues, including diarrhea … it can become a choking hazard or even cause dangerous blockages in the esophagus or digestive tract. Sometimes the only way a vet can remove them is through surgery. Rawhide treats can also be prone to salmonella or E. coli contamination or can have trace amounts of toxic chemicals."17 In short, make sure you know what your dog's chew toys contain, as the toxins are just as bad for animals as they are for humans. Alternatives to Using Conventionally Tanned Leather Products While there's certainly the argument that leather is a byproduct of animals used for food, and that it's a form of recycling, it might be more accurate to say it's more like a subsidy, The Guardian maintains, adding that giving up leather as part of your wardrobe is an individual choice: "Farmers don't sell hides for tuppence ha'penny out of the kindness of their hearts or from a desire to minimize waste. They are in a moneymaking business and need to maximize profits, and the leather industry is worth billions, if not trillions, of dollars annually … You may want to consider the environmental issues before making a decision. The process of tanning leather is incredibly toxic."18 There are far safer alternatives to the usual chemical treatments, as well as leather recycling. Gizmodo notes that tanning is necessary to keep leather from rotting, but also suggests turning to vegetable, tree-bark or other natural tanning alternatives; however, the finished product isn't as stable or supple as the chemically generated methods. Synthetically tanned leather is another method, which involves polymers such as Novolac, Neradol, and Melamine, which gives leather a creamy white appearance. According to Leather Sustainability, a Portland State University project, the leather tanning industry is growing. It, too, lists alternatives, but also notes the impact on individuals and families who rely on leather production to survive: "Synthetic leather is also not the only alternative; there are plenty of other plant-based or sustainable and renewable fabrics available such as cork, wood, linen, hemp, cotton, bamboo, ultrasuede, etc. Using these materials in place of leather would make a significant difference in terms of environmental impact. Knowing some of the worst about production methods, what does this suggest, ethically speaking? While it would seem that bringing leather production to a standstill would be the most logical solution when considering all the harmful effects it has on humans and the environment, putting an end to the leather industry would be devastating for the thousands of families around the world who have become dependent on leather production as their main source of income."19 Awareness, Oversight and Ethics Regarding regulation, while Chromium VI has been labeled a "known human carcinogen" by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the World Health Organization (WHO) and (finally) IARC, this chemical has become strictly regulated. That doesn't mean it's never used, however. As Gizmodo observes: "Unfortunately, short of binding UN arbitration or a massive, international boycott against chromium-tanned leather, there doesn't look to be much impetus for these practices to cease. As long as the first world continues to export these sorts of dangerous jobs to impoverished and easily-exploited developing nations, our desire for affordable plush leather will carry a steep price — paid in human suffering."20