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nowdatarecove · 1 year ago

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webasha-technologies · 3 years ago

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vivekhaldar · 5 years ago

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How Unix Won

Unix has won in every conceivable way. And in true mythic style, it contains the seeds of its own eclipse. This is my subjective historical narrative of how that happened.

I'm using the name "Unix" to include the entire family of operating systems descended from it, or that have been heavily influenced by it. That includes Linux, SunOS, Solaris, BSD, Mac OS X, and many, many others.

Both major mobile OSs, Android and iOS, have Unix roots. Their billions of users dwarf those using clunky things like laptops and desktops, but even there, Windows is only the non-Unix viable OS. Almost everything running server-side in giant datacenters is Linux.

How did Unix win?

It was built by programmers, for programmers. If you read the early papers describing Unix, you will see how the key abstractions (hierarchical filesystems, permissions, processes, interactive shells, pipes) have lasted conceptually unsullied for decades. That could only have happened if it exerted such a force field over geek minds that they propagated it.

The majority of it was written not in assembly language, but in C, a higher-level language, hence making it portable. This enabled relatively easy ports to a wide variety of hardware.

A freak historical accident. AT&T Labs, where it was developed, was forbidden under its anti-trust settlement from commercializing products unrelated to its core telecom business. Hence, Unix was licensed very cheaply to universities, including UC Berkeley, which subsequently built one of the more influential branches of the Unix family tree—BSD. Apparently, AT&T classified Unix as industrial waste for tax purposes when licensing it!

Unix spread through academia, and those students spread it through corporations after they graduated. It's a strategy that has been used by every major tech company, only in this case it was organic.

And then came the Internet, and the whole universe of daemons, tools, protocols, and utilities that undergirded it was built natively on Unix. That wasn't a huge surprise because a lot of the people that built the Net were Unix natives. BSD open-sourced its TCP/IP stack, kicking off its wide adoption outside the military.

By the late 90s and early 2000s, Linux started taking over the server-side. It has become the ultimate virtuous cycle in open source. When picking a new kernel one is virtually forced to go with Linux because of the huge community and massive engineering that has gone into solidifying it. That's probably why Android picked Linux even though it was running on the other end of the hardware spectrum.

So how and why would we move past Unix?

Unix, which got standardized into the POSIX spec, has accreted a tremendous amount of complexity over the decades. The POSIX spec is 3000 pages long. Linux now has nearly 400 system calls. What started as a clean, pure, minimal and elegant set of system abstractions has become a complex beast.

The very idea of the OS providing general-purpose abstractions with wide applicability is being challenged. When Unix was created, IO was orders of magnitude slower than CPU. There were enough CPU cycles to burn to provide these high-level abstractions, like a complex hierarchical filesystem. Now IO can easily saturate CPU. At least on the server side, folks just want to get the fastest performance out of their hardware. That's leading to the rise of frameworks like SPDK and DPDK that bypass heavy OS abstractions for storage and networking in favor of applications directly accessing the raw hardware, and rolling whatever abstraction they do need on their own.

The entire ecosystem in which an OS exists is changing. Application-level experiences are hermetic and make the underlying OS more or less irrelevant. Just look at Android or iOS or ChromeOS. Programming to a virtual machine (like the Java VM) makes programmers much more invested in their PL/runtime than the OS.

The above two points raise an interesting question: what does a modern operating system want? Look, for example, at Fuchsia, which is going in the direction of a microkernel with capabilities, that pushes most drivers and OS services out to userspace. These are ideas that have been floating in academic OS research for decades, but could never gain real mainstream acceptance because of the high barrier to making a viable real-world OS. This is the effect Rob Pike was talking about in his "Systems Research is Irrelevant" talk. But the prior two trends are finally dislodging the iron grip of Unix, and OSs are becoming interesting again!

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manfromth3m0on-blog · 6 years ago

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How to make your terminal suck less

There comes a point in any Linux user's life where they have to figure out which terminal emulator to use. Chances are if you are using a desktop environment like GNOME (default with ubuntu) or KDE you’ve stuck with the stock terminal and not given it any thought, right? But doing this leaves a lot out when it comes to having a comfortable experience on Linux.

There are may options for terminal emulators, you could choose the slick-looking Hyper.jsor the GPU accelerated alacrity maybe even the utility-focused terminator. Each of these inherently has its pros and cons but ill have to say, in my mind, there is a terminal to rule them all - st.

st, also known as suckless terminal, is a small, lightweight, and fast terminal emulator from the suckless community. Before we talk more about st, we must talk about the driving force behind suckless. The suckless philosophy is to ‘focus on simplicity, clarity, and frugality. [to] keep things simple, minimal and usable‘ which means a lot for their programs, they are all fast light and efficient but on top of this, they have unrivaled modularity and customizability due to the simple, readable nature of their source code. This means that the members of the community can develop patches and changes independently of the master source code.

So why does this make st so good?

I’m glad you asked because there are a lotta things.

It can run on anything

It’s speedy as

there are no messy config files

It supports UTF-8 out of the box

clipboard support

true 256 colors

To someone who hasn’t done much research around the topic, this all seems kinda lackluster, but when you find something like even the beloved URXVT has issues with the clipboard every feature you can get is a bonus. What makes this even more impressive is this

| Emulator | Lines of code | |----------|---------------| | xterm | 65K | | urxvt | 32K | | st | <5K |

How do I get started

Now, that's easy, the steps are:

Clone the source repo

Make any config edits

Run sudo make install

1. Clone source repo

I have a GitHub repo with the patches I use applied e.g.

follow URLs by pressing alt-l

copy URLs in the same way with alt-y

Copy the output of commands with alt-o

Compatibility with Xresources and pywal for dynamic colors.

Default gruvbox colors otherwise.

Transparency/alpha, which is also adjustable from your Xresources.

zoom/change font size

copy text with alt-c, paste is alt-v or shift-insert

and lots more view it here

Download my fork with:

git clone https://github.com/manfromth3m0oN/st.git

2. Config edits

Now st does not have ‘traditional’ config files, this is because you don't just download a binary and run it, you compile st from source. So to edit the config of st enter into the cloned folder with cd st Now open config.h with your favorite text editor (I recommend nvim). All of the options are commented so I won't go over them here. There is nothing essential to change, unless you don’t use sh then you need to change the static char *shell = "/bin/sh"; line to your appropriate shell (e.g. ZSH or fish etc)

3. Compile and install

This step is probably the easiest all you have to do is install with sudo make install This works provided you have make and gcc installed if you don't just use:

sudo apt-get install make gcc OR sudo pacman -S make gcc OR install make & gcc with whatever package manager you have

Now you can start using st

Now just start the st binary however your distro or wm/de does so for i3 edit your i3/config file

# start a terminal bindsym $mod+Return exec st (or whatever *termname is in config.h)

Closing thoughts

st is not a terminal built for someone who is brand new to the Unix ecosystem, but using it from the beginning can teach you a lot about how your system runs. Use st, and all the other suckless utilities for that matter, to help further your understanding of Linux so that you can be the most efficient user you can. After all, that is what the modern Linux philosophy is.

Thank you all for reading

~ M

#linux #terminal #terminalemulator #suckless #st #programming #tech

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shivani111blog · 4 years ago

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Privileged Access Management (PAM) Solutions Market Research Report - Global Forecast to 2026

Market Snapshot

According to MRFR analysis, the Global Privileged Access Management Solutions Market was valued at USD 1689.72 Million in 2019; it is expected to reach USD 12,067.50 Million by 2026, recording a CAGR of 32.67% during the forecast period, 2020–2026.

Regulatory compliance is enforced by several governments across the globe to ensure that business organizations follow and meet the standards applied to protect the sensitive information of consumers. For instance, the implementation of PAM solutions ensures compliance with GDPR and ISO/IEC 27001:2013 regulations. Some of these regulations include reinforcing the access to critical data, providing administrators with complete visibility over user actions, and helping define and enforce thorough security policies, records, and log activities of internal and external parties. Thus, the rising adoption due to government regulatory policies is expected to drive the global privileged access management solutions market during the forecast period.

With the increase in the number of internet users across the globe, there has been rapid growth in the number of cybercrimes in recent years. Additionally, the increasing number of smartphone owners and the availability of affordable mobile internet services have increased the number of unethical practices. The integration of IT services with cloud applications has been trending in businesses across several industrial verticals. Hackers are stealing valuable information stored in the organizations’ databases, with only a few security applications. For instance, the ransomware attack of the New Mexico County’s Government database, which resulted in an unknown number of electronic files and other important information being stolen. Thus, the increasing concerns over cyber threats are expected to drive the growth of the global privileged access management solutions market during the forecast period.

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Key Developments

In May 2020, CyberArk announced the acquisition of IDaptive Holdings, Inc., a leading service provider of identity as a service. Through this acquisition, CyberArk can deliver modern identity solutions to its clients.

In April 2020, Thycotic and a leading IT service management provider entered into a partnership to solve workflow approvals that are handled by IT teams who manage privileged service accounts.

In March 2020, BeyondTrust Corporation announced a strategic partnership with XMS Solutions, a technology leader in system integration services. This helped enhance its global presence and cater to customers with broad product offerings, including security solutions.

In March 2020, Thycotic expanded its presence in Canada and began delivering cloud-based PAM solutions through its data center in Canada.

Market Segmentation

By Type: Software, Physical Appliance, and Virtual Appliance

By Application: Windows, Unix & Linux, Mac OS, and Infrastructure Devices and IoT

Regional Analysis

Global Privileged Access Management (PAM) Solutions Market has been analyzed across key geographies, namely, North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, the Middle East & Africa, and South America. North America dominates the privileged access management (PAM) solutions market, followed by Europe. However, Asia-Pacific is the fastest-growing economy in the privileged access management (PAM) solutions market due to the growing number of SMEs and the high focus of enterprises on boosting the security for accessing sensitive information. The Middle East & Africa and South America markets are witnessing a steady growth in the demand for privileged access management (PAM) solutions. These regions have very few country-level markets for cloud-based infrastructure.

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codeavailfan · 5 years ago

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codeman38 · 8 years ago

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Some never-before-seen video game titles discovered by a word-segment-based neural network trained on a massive list of video games compiled from various gaming databases, some of which include system info and company credits:

Magic Ballers: CloudJam

Minegement

Junk Doge Go 3

Thunder Woods PGA Tour Football (?, ?) (MSX2)

The Lord of the War of the Purious (1996, T.C. Interactive) (Mega Drive / Genesis)

The Game Before Adventure

Block the Hedgehog (Majo-Two vs. Lager) (2003, Square Enix) (PS2)

Top Goose (1992, author) (MS-DOS)

Big Internet Linration (1998, Gremlin Graphics) (PS1)

Dungeons & Dragons: Sports Pack: Game of the Moon

The Last Metal: The Hidden Severdesion (?, ?) (Amstrad CPC)

Dungeondula III: The Star Game

Nancy Drew: The Witching Fighters (2008, Caveis) (Windows)

Tony Hawk's Creed: Volume 1 - Episode One - The Escape from the World Series: Chaosship (?, ?) (Archimedes)

Les Sotato: The Vampire Game

Bone Race (Back It!) (1987, U.S. Gold) (C64)

Clock Busters: The Return of Destiny (1988, author) (MS-DOS)

Game of the Dead: The Search for the Reign of Death

The Frog Diary: University of the Rings

Medal of Honor: War Hunter (2007, Infogrames) (Wii)

Little Cat: The Adventure of the Fast (The Last Stands: Fujouto: A la Carrot Boxing) (2005, Majesco) (GBA)

The Berenstain-Putt in Space War: Winter Crisis (Lequa's Stone) (1992, Newsfield Publications) (C64)

NHL Football 2005 Advance + Madden Evil & Chell (2008, F. Games) (iOS)

Ant Tennis 3D 4: The Sersharity

The Lost Player (D42) (2015, author) (Linux/Unix)

I particularly get a kick out of Thunder Woods PGA Tour Football, NHL Football 2005 Advance and The Berenstain-Putt. It's like the neural network kind of gets that certain words tend to cluster in sports games and edutainment titles, respectively, but doesn't quite realize that they don't tend to appear in the same title.

There's at least one genuinely good name in this output as well: Minegement would be the perfect title for a simulation game where you supervise a team of miners.

And finally, Les Sotato: The Vampire Game obviously has to be some kind of prequel or sequel to Cacklevania: Ninja Frite.

#fun with neural networks #neural networks

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winterwind · 5 years ago

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Mac をクリーンインストールした後にやったこと

Mac をクリーンインストールしたので、その後にやったことを備忘録としてまとめておく。

書いた日付: 2020/07/25 macOS Catalina (10.15.6)

インストールしたアプリケーション

Google Chrome

Karabiner-Elements https://karabiner-elements.pqrs.org/

Sequel Ace (MySQL Client) - via AppStore https://github.com/Sequel-Ace/Sequel-Ace

Xcode https://developer.apple.com/download/more/

VS Code for Mac https://code.visualstudio.com/

Docker Desktop for Mac https://hub.docker.com/editions/community/docker-ce-desktop-mac/

Slack https://slack.com/intl/ja-jp/downloads/mac?geocode=ja-jp

インストールしたスクリプト

Homebrew

https://brew.sh/index_ja

ghq + peco

https://dev.classmethod.jp/articles/ghq/ https://github.com/peco/peco

% brew install ghq peco % git config --global ghq.root ~/Works % git config --global user.name kiwi % git config --global user.email ...

anyenv

https://github.com/anyenv/anyenv

% brew install anyenv

dotfiles

% ghq get [email protected]:kiwi-26/dotfiles.git % cd ~/Works/github.com/kiwi-26/dotfiles/ % sh setup.sh % chmod 755 /usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions % chmod 755 /usr/local/share/zsh % anyenv install --init

**env

nodenv - via anyenv

% anyenv % nodenv install 13.14.0 % nodenv global 13.14.0

phpenv - via anyenv

MacOS に anyenv + phpenv で PHP 7.4.1 をインストールする - Qiita

% brew install autoconf bzip2 icu4c krb5 libedit libiconv libjpeg libpng libxml2 libzip oniguruma [email protected] pkg-config tidy-html5 % PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/krb5/lib/pkgconfig:/usr/local/opt/icu4c/lib/pkgconfig:/usr/local/opt/libedit/lib/pkgconfig:/usr/local/opt/libjpeg/lib/pkgconfig:/usr/local/opt/libpng/lib/pkgconfig:/usr/local/opt/libxml2/lib/pkgconfig:/usr/local/opt/libzip/lib/pkgconfig:/usr/local/opt/oniguruma/lib/pkgconfig:/usr/local/opt/[email protected]/lib/pkgconfig:/usr/local/opt/tidy-html5/lib/pkgconfig" \ PHP_BUILD_CONFIGURE_OPTS="--with-bz2=/usr/local/opt/bzip2 --with-iconv=/usr/local/opt/libiconv" \ phpenv install -i development 7.4.4 & phpenv global 7.4.4 % php -v PHP 7.4.4 (cli) (built: Jul 26 2020 01:44:58) ( NTS ) Copyright (c) The PHP Group Zend Engine v3.4.0, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies with Zend OPcache v7.4.4, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies with Xdebug v2.9.6, Copyright (c) 2002-2020, by Derick Rethans

xdebug

PHP Debug - Visual Studio Marketplace

% code /Users/kiwi/.anyenv/envs/phpenv/versions/7.4.4/etc/conf.d/xdebug.ini xdebug.remote_enable=1 xdebug.remote_autostart=1

composer

https://getcomposer.org/doc/00-intro.md#installation-linux-unix-macos

mysql

サーバーとバージョン揃えようと思ったけど面倒だったので諦めた（必要に必要になったら Docker 使おう……）

% brew install mysql % mysql_secure_installation % brew services start mysql % mysql -u root -p mysql> CREATE DATABASE xxx_db DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

ngrok

Setup - ngrok

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captainsafia · 7 years ago

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Node module deep-dive: os

So, I've been reading through the Node codebase for a while now and I'm starting to get a decent good sense of how the Node main process works, how different modules work, and the interactions between the C++ and JavaScript portions of the codebase. Emphasis on the "decent" here. The Node codebase is pretty darn complex and I've been doing my best to get acquainted with it.

The being said, I figured that it would be interesting to figure out how the entire module lifecycle worked in Node by examining one of the built-in modules, os.

If you are unfamiliar with os, it is a Node module that allows the developer to get things like the system architecture or hostname. Here's an example of the outputs I got when I ran it on my personal machine.

> const os = require('os'); undefined > os.arch(); 'x64' > os.homedir(); '/Users/captainsafia' > os.hostname(); 'eniac'

Nifty, right?

You can find the JavaScript source for the os module here. I'm not actually particularly interest in reading through any functions in the JavaScript code at the moment. The one thing that I am interested in is the process.binding that binds to the module object created in the C++ portions of the code.

const { getCPUs, getFreeMem, getHomeDirectory: _getHomeDirectory, getHostname: _getHostname, getInterfaceAddresses: _getInterfaceAddresses, getLoadAvg, getOSRelease: _getOSRelease, getOSType: _getOSType, getTotalMem, getUserInfo: _getUserInfo, getUptime, isBigEndian } = process.binding('os');

From this, we can see that the object contains a lot of functions that are later invoked in parts of the public API of the os module. The first thing that I wanted to do was try and figure out where exactly the functions listed above were defined. I did some searching around the codebase and found the C++ definitions of the os functions defined here. For example, here is the definition of the GetOSType/getOSType function mentioned above.

static void GetOSType(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) { Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args); const char* rval; #ifdef __POSIX__ struct utsname info; if (uname(&info) < 0) { CHECK_GE(args.Length(), 1); env->CollectExceptionInfo(args[args.Length() - 1], errno, "uname"); return args.GetReturnValue().SetUndefined(); } rval = info.sysname; #else // __MINGW32__ rval = "Windows_NT"; #endif // __POSIX__ args.GetReturnValue().Set(OneByteString(env->isolate(), rval)); }

Basically, this function uses the uname functionhttps://www.systutorials.com/docs/linux/man/1-uname/ in Unix to get information about the operating system and to extract the operating system type from it. It also has some conditional logic to evaluate whether it is running on a Unix system or a Windows system.

args.GetReturnValue().Set(OneByteString(env->isolate(), rval));

The return statement, as seen above, is not the traditional return that you might see in C++ code. I recall from a book on how to develop Native Nod extensions that I skimmed through a long-time ago, that this special return code is what allows the JavaScript portions of the codebase to have access to the returned data from the C++ module. The most interesting portion of the code is actually all the way at the bottom.

void Initialize(Local<Object> target, Local<Value> unused, Local<Context> context) { Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(context); env->SetMethod(target, "getHostname", GetHostname); env->SetMethod(target, "getLoadAvg", GetLoadAvg); env->SetMethod(target, "getUptime", GetUptime); env->SetMethod(target, "getTotalMem", GetTotalMemory); env->SetMethod(target, "getFreeMem", GetFreeMemory); env->SetMethod(target, "getCPUs", GetCPUInfo); env->SetMethod(target, "getOSType", GetOSType); env->SetMethod(target, "getOSRelease", GetOSRelease); env->SetMethod(target, "getInterfaceAddresses", GetInterfaceAddresses); env->SetMethod(target, "getHomeDirectory", GetHomeDirectory); env->SetMethod(target, "getUserInfo", GetUserInfo); target->Set(FIXED_ONE_BYTE_STRING(env->isolate(), "isBigEndian"), Boolean::New(env->isolate(), IsBigEndian())); } } // namespace os } // namespace node NODE_BUILTIN_MODULE_CONTEXT_AWARE(os, node::os::Initialize)

So here, it looks like we are initializing the mappings between the functions we've written on the C++ level and the names that we'll refer to them with when we are binding to the os module. The one thing I was curious about was what was going on in the NODE_BUILTIN_MODULE_CONTEXT_AWARE macro function. It looks like we are passing to it the os namespace, which contains all the functions defined in this C++ file, and the initialization function. I did some searching around the codebase and found the code for NODE_BUILTIN_MODULE_CONTEXT_AWARE here.

#define NODE_BUILTIN_MODULE_CONTEXT_AWARE(modname, regfunc) \ NODE_MODULE_CONTEXT_AWARE_CPP(modname, regfunc, nullptr, NM_F_BUILTIN)

So it looks like this macro function, invokes the NODE_MODULE_CONTEXT_AWARE_CPP macro function, which is defined in the same file and has the following definition.

#define NODE_MODULE_CONTEXT_AWARE_CPP(modname, regfunc, priv, flags) \ static node::node_module _module = { \ NODE_MODULE_VERSION, \ flags, \ nullptr, \ __FILE__, \ nullptr, \ (node::addon_context_register_func) (regfunc), \ NODE_STRINGIFY(modname), \ priv, \ nullptr \ }; \ void _register_ ## modname() { \ node_module_register(&_module); \ }

Oh! This macro function is creating that node_module struct that I discovered in the last blog post. It turns out that the registration function that is invoked when a module is registered is actually the Initialize function above which loads the function associations onto the current environments. IT'S ALL STARTING TO MAKE SENSE.

So here is the story of the lifecycle of a built-in module from what I can understand.

A collection of functions are defined under a namespace for that particular module on the C++ end of the code. For example, the GetOSType function is defined under the os namespace.

The module is registered onto the current process using a collection of macro functions. This registration involves mapping the functions defined above to a collection of names that we can use to refer to them when we extract the bindings.

The JavaScript code associated with a particular module extracts registered names for the functions from the running process using process.binding.

The functions extracted using process.binding are invoked in the functions that are exported as part of the public API in the JavaScript module. For example, the os.type() JavaScript function call ultimately relies on teh getOSType binding which refers to the GetOSType function defined in C++.

This is making sense for me so far. There are definitely some parts of it that I don't understand. Mostly, I'm curious to know what the scope of this process object is. It feels to me like the key to understanding the connections between the native C++ and the JavaScript code is getting a solid sense of what process is. Perhaps I'll dig into that at another time...

If you have any questions or feedback on this post, you can reach out to me on Twitter.

#node-module-deep-dive

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yakiimoshop · 6 years ago

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Dockerの使い方

いまさらだけどdockerの使い方やDockerfileの書き方をまとめておく。

dockerのインストール

このあたりを参考にしてdockerをインストールする。以下、ubuntuへのインストール例。hello-worldコンテナが動作したらインストール成功。

$ apt install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common $ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add - $ apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88 pub 4096R/0EBFCD88 2017-02-22 Key fingerprint = 9DC8 5822 9FC7 DD38 854A E2D8 8D81 803C 0EBF CD88 uid Docker Release (CE deb) <docker> sub 4096R/F273FCD8 2017-02-22 $ add-apt-repository \ "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" $ apt update $ atp install docker-ce $ docker run hello-world

dockerコマンドの主な使い方

dockerコマンドを実行するためにはroot権限が必要。ユーザをdockerグループへ所属させてsudo無しに実行する方法もあるが、セキュリティ的にイケてないらしい。ちょっと面倒だけど毎回sudoをつけること。

sudoが使えるユーザになるにはここを読む。

で、主なコマンドはこんな感じ。

docker pull ubuntu:16.05 docker hubからubuntu 16.04のイメージを取得 docker images イメージの一覧 docker run イメージ名コンテナの起動（以下で詳細説明） docker ps 起動中のコンテナ一覧 docker ps -a 停止中を含む、起動コンテナ一覧 docker stop コンテナID コンテナの停止 docker rm コンテナID コンテナの削除 docker rmi イメージID イメージの削除 docker start コンテナID 停止中のコンテナを再実行（一時停止状態） docker attach コンテナID 一時停止中のコンテナへ再ログイン docker build -t イメージ名:タグ名 Dockerfileパスイメージのビルド docker cp コピー元パスコピー先パスコンテナとホストの間でファイルをコピーコンテナ上のファイルパスはコンテナID:パスとする

起動するコンテナでホストと同じユーザIDを使用したり、ホストのディレクトリをコンテナから参照したり、コンテナからX windowへ何かを表示したりする場合はdocker runへ以下のオプションをつける。

$ docker run \ -it \ （インタラクティブモード) --rm \ （コンテナ終了時にコンテナ削除） --runtime=nvidia \ （CUDAを使う場合必要） -e DISPLAY=$DISPLAY \ （ホストのディスプレイ番号を通知） -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix \ （X windowを使えるように） -u ユーザID:グループID \ （ユーザIDとグループID設定） -v ホストDIRパス:/host_dir \ （ホストDIRをコンテナの/host_dirへマウント） --name ユーザ名_説明 \ （誰のコンテナかわかるように名前を付ける）イメージ名

ただしコンテナ上のユーザがrootの場合X windowは使えない

コンテナから抜ける場合のショートカットキー

コンテナを停止して抜ける場合はCtrl-d。コンテナを停止せず、一時的に抜ける（detachする）場合はCtrl-p Ctrl-q。しかしCtrl-pはコマンドヒストリ操作時に使うショートカットであるのでdetachショートカットキーをCtrl-q qへ変更すると便利。ショートカットを変更する場合は~/.docker/config.jsonを作成し以下の内容を記述しておく。

{ "detachKeys":"ctrl-q,q" }

Dockerfileを書く

Dockerfileを書く場合、誰かの記述をパクっで修正追記していくスタイルがおてがるで良い。パクっていく中で知ったいくつかの技をまとめておく。

rootパスワードを事前に設定しておく

Dockerfile内にrootパスワードを記述しておく。

ARG rootpass="password" RUN echo "root:$rootpass" | chpasswd

uidとgid指定可能でsudoできるユーザを作る

pythonのでグラフなんかを表示する場合$DISPLAYを設定したりしてホストのディスプレイへGUIを表示することになる。しかし、その場合rootではX windowが使えない。

またホストのディレクトリをコンテナにマウントして使う場合、ホストとコンテナでユーザ（uidとgid）が異なると後々めんどうなことになる。コンテナ内rootで新規にファイルを作ってしまったことに後で気が付くと、ホスト側rootでchownしてやることになる。ということでこの2つの問題を解決するためにホスト側と同じuidとgidの一般ユーザを作ることはとてもメリットがでかい。Dockerfileで事前に固定uidと固定gidを指定してユーザを作ることもできるが、その場合コンテナ起動ごとにユーザを作れないため旨み半減。

Dockerでuid/gid指定可能かつsudo実行可能なユーザとしてコンテナを起動するを参考にEntrypointをうまく使うと希望のコンテナをbuildできた。

まず、Dockerfileには以下の記述をしておく。

#sudo w/o password ENV USER_NAME=devuser RUN echo "${USER_NAME} ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" >> /etc/sudoers.d/${USER_NAME} #set uid by docker run option COPY entrypoint.sh /entrypoint.sh RUN chmod u+s /usr/sbin/useradd &&\ chmod u+s /usr/sbin/groupadd &&\ chmod a+x /entrypoint.sh ENTRYPOINT ["/entrypoint.sh"] CMD ["bash"]

そしてDockerfileと同じ場所にentrypoint.shを作成し、以下のように記述する。

#!/bin/bash -e USER_ID=$(id -u) GROUP_ID=$(id -g) if [ x"$GROUP_ID" != x"0" ]; then groupadd -g ${GROUP_ID} ${USER_NAME} fi if [ x"$USER_ID" != "0" ]; then export HOME=/home/${USER_NAME} useradd -d ${HOME} -m -s /bin/bash -u ${USER_ID} -g ${USER_NAME} ${USER_NAME} # personal settings #sudo cat /root/.bashrc | sed -r -e "s/(alias ls=.*auto)/\1 -F/" > ${HOME}/.bashrc #dircolors -p | sed -e "s/DIR 01;34/DIR 01;37/" > ${HOME}/.dircolors fi sudo chmod u-s /usr/sbin/useradd sudo chmod u-s /usr/sbin/groupadd cd ${HOME} exec "$@"

そしてbuild後、docker runするときに-u ユーザID:グループIDオプションをつけてコンテナを起動すると、ユーザ名はdevuserでIDはオプション指定値のユーザとなってコンテナ内で作業ができる。root権限が必要な時はsudoすればオッケー。

#linux

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shivani111blog · 4 years ago

Text

Privileged Access Management (PAM) Solutions Market Research Report - Global Forecast to 2026

Market Snapshot

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Key Developments

In April 2020, Thycotic and a leading IT service management provider entered into a partnership to solve workflow approvals that are handled by IT teams who manage privileged service accounts.

In March 2020, Thycotic expanded its presence in Canada and began delivering cloud-based PAM solutions through its data center in Canada.

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obscurejavascript · 8 years ago

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Node.js exec

Nodes exec exposes the outside operating systems functions by sending commands to a shell in a separate OS process. When the command completes, the callback is called with the output or error. For these examples, I will just focus on UNIX (OS X, Linux etc) applicable commands since Windows commands are very different. By default exec on UNIX uses SH (/bin/sh specifically).

Although the command looks complicated, it is much harder to do in Node.js: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3653065/get-local-ip-address-in-node-js, at least without a library. Basically, almost any command that can be run in your command line can run unmodified in exec. exec also has an options argument which supports concepts like environment variables. For example to check the installed Node.js versions via NVM:

exec('. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" && nvm ls', { // $HOME is a default environment variable that will point to the current users Home directory NVM_DIR: '$HOME/.nvm' }, function(err, output, errorOuput) { if (err) { console.log(errorOuput); throw(new Error(err)); } console.info('Installed Node.js versions:\n', output); // Installed Node.js versions: // (Your Node.js versions installed with NVM) });

More info on execs details can be found here.

exec is great for short running scripts and simple commands, but can be bad for long processes since it only outputs all the results at the end. Additionally, exec does no checks, so all external input needs to be sanitized to ensure it does not contain descructive commands which makes complex script executions cumbersome.

Github Location: https://github.com/Jacob-Friesen/obscurejs/blob/master/2017/nodeExec.js

#node.js #exec #api functions #external commands #javascript #programming #web development #coding

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lavoropavia · 7 years ago

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SISTEMISTA DI RETE UNIX – LINUX E MICROSOFT https://t.co/USJQpGFlEv Andrea Poletti & Associati - Pavia - Milano - Sede di Lavoro: Milano Sud Rif. 2977 EDPSW Il nostro cliente è una solida società informatica specializzata nella progettazione, implementazione e mantenimento … lavoropavia http://twitter.com/lavoropavia/status/1025302172588761091 August 03, 2018 at 10:47AM <blockquote class="twitter-tweet">SISTEMISTA DI RETE UNIX – LINUX E MICROSOFT <a href="https://t.co/USJQpGFlEv">https://t.co/USJQpGFlEv</a> Andrea Poletti & Associati - Pavia - Milano - Sede di Lavoro: Milano Sud Rif. 2977 EDPSW Il nostro cliente è una solida società informatica specializzata nella progettazione, implementazione e mantenimento …— lavoropavia (@lavoropavia) <a href="https://twitter.com/lavoropavia/status/1025302172588761091?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 3, 2018</a></blockquote> <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>

— lavoropavia (@lavoropavia) August 3, 2018

from Twitter https://twitter.com/lavoropavia August 03, 2018 at 10:47AM via IFTTT

#SISTEMISTA DI RETE UNIX – LINUX E MICROSOFT https://t.co/USJQpGFlEv Andrea Poletti & Associati -

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savetopnow · 7 years ago

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2018-04-02 12 LINUX now

LINUX

Linux Academy Blog

Feature Release Notes: April 2018

Linux Academy and Cloud Assessments – Microsoft Azure Plans for 2018

Launching 70+ New Courses/ Challenges/Learning Activities in April!

DynamoDB Atomic Counters

Linux Academy Weekly Roundup 111

Linux Insider

New Firefox Extension Builds a Wall Around Facebook

Neptune 5: A Practically Perfect Plasma-Based Distro

LG Offers Open Source webOS to Spur Development in South Korea

Google Opens Maps APIs and World Becomes Dev Playground

New Raspberry Pi Packs More Power

Linux Journal

Weekend Reading: Raspberry Pi Projects

Best Content Management System

Happy 20th Anniversary to Mozilla, New pfSense Version, Android HiddenMiner Malware and More

FOSS Project Spotlight: CloudMapper, an AWS Visualization Tool

Qubes Version 4.0 Released, Purism Laptops Shipping Quickly, New Rust Version 1.25.0 and More

Linux Magazine

Gnome 3.28 Released

Install Firefox in a Snap on Linux

OpenStack Queens Released

Kali Linux Comes to Windows

Ubuntu to Start Collecting Some Data with Ubuntu 18.04

Linux Today

Mozilla Thunderbird 60 to Bring Calendar Improvements, MBOX/Maildir Conversions

List All Installed Packages with yum on CentOS 7

Become an Arch Power User with Pacli and PacUI

Mesa 18 Linux Graphics Stack Supports Cannon Lake CPUs on Vulkan, OpenGL Drivers

How to install Tomcat 8.5 on CentOS 7

Linux.com

This Week in Open Source News: The Open Networking Summit Edition

IPFire: A User-Friendly Linux Firewall Distribution

Here’s Why You Should Secure Your Etcd Deployment

Floppy Disk History: The Evolution of Personal Computing

Working with Calendars on Linux

Reddit Linux

The C64 Mini - Reviewed (it runs linux)

Linux distributions (and FOSS in general) need better names.

Planning super long term support (SLTS)

Bitlocker protected USB via VM

Announcing 1.1.1.1: a privacy-first consumer DNS service

Riba Linux

SimbiOS 18.0 (Ocean) - Cinnamon | Meet SimbiOS.

How to install Archman Xfce 18.03

Archman Xfce 18.03 overview

How to Install HardenedBSD 11 Stable v1100055 plus Gnome desktop and basic applications

How to install Zorin OS 12.3

Slashdot Linux

Software Bug Behind Biggest Telephony Outage In US History

Linux 4.16 Released

Teenage Subway Aficionados Help With the Upkeep of Every One of New York City's 472 Subway Stations -- At Least on Wikipedia

Trump Says He Wants Skilled Migrants But Creates New Hurdles

Card Data Stolen From 5 Million Saks and Lord & Taylor Customers

Softpedia

mpg123 1.25.10

Freeciv 2.5.11

Organize My Files 2.5.0

Linux Kernel 4.15.15 / 4.16 RC7

Linux Kernel 4.14.32 LTS / 4.9.92 LTS / 4.4.126 LTS / 4.1.51 LTS / 3.18.102 EOL / 3.16.56 LTS

Tecmint

System Tar and Restore – A Versatile System Backup Script for Linux

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nixCraft

Book review: Ed Mastery

Linux/Unix desktop fun: sl – a mirror version of ls

Raspberry PI 3 model B+ Released: Complete specs and pricing

Debian Linux 9.4 released and here is how to upgrade it

400K+ Exim MTA affected by overflow vulnerability on Linux/Unix

#linux

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nxfury · 5 years ago

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Lock Down Your Laptop With OpenBSD

In today's hyper-connected world, it grows increasingly important to have all devices that have an internet connection locked down- not for hiding data but to protect from having day-to-day life completely sabotaged. One may have already locked down their accounts and data about them online, but what if they want to "amp it up" to the next level?

The Problem

It's known that by using Windows or MacOS, you have agreed to Terms of Service that include the upload of their private files to their infrastructure- even if you didn't want it to go on the internet. In Microsoft-Land, this means all your files are scanned and uploaded to Microsoft's infrastructure where they can build a profile on you. Apple happens to engage in similar practices. On top of this, Windows is known for having the most viruses and rootkits in the world while MacOS currently has the record for the most adware in the world. Viruses and rootkits are basically system exploits, while adware is an attack on the web browser, forcing ads to pop up even if you have an ad blocker.

To add further discomfort, the leaks made by ex-CIA/NSA official Edward Snowden from years past verified that there is something called FISA court- a top secret US-based court of law that issues warrants for surveillance. Snowden took huge issues when he learned that the CIA and NSA built this program named XKeyScore, which behaves like a search engine that collects ALL information about people, including private things like Social Security Numbers and text messages. To do this, the FISA courts "rubber-stamped" (and still do) every surveillance request made by the CIA or NSA- allowing them to spy on U.S. Citizens without due process. Nowadays, laws have since been passed where FISA courts are irrelevant and the CIA and NSA can continue to do this.... And if the CIA and NSA are capable of gathering all the info you'd rather keep private, so is the stalker... or the creepy person next door... or the angry ex-husband/ex-wife...

Enter OpenBSD

OpenBSD began in 1995, where the founder Theo De Raadt took issue with the design approach of NetBSD- which traces it's ancestral roots all the way back to the original UNIX from the early 1980's. De Raadt was (and still is) a firm believer in correctness of code, extensive auditing of the code, and extreme levels of security. OpenBSD is widely considered to be the most secure Operating System on the planet, with the most bleeding edge technologies in cryptography and so on- to the point where some countries ban the OS for import even though that's unenforceable thanks to the internet. It is known for having sane and secure defaults in the installation, and several audits of the entire system's source code yearly. They are responsible for the invention of the applications sudo, openssl, libressl, ssh, pf, and pledge(). If familiar with any Linux/Unix command line, it's easy enough to notice that they invented some of the most common protocols utilized in locking down a system.

So let's get this set up on a laptop!

What You'll Need

A laptop with an Intel CPU that you don't mind wiping the hard drive of, ideally with an Intel Wireless AC 7260 wireless card or older

A 2 gb or larger flash drive

A wired and wireless network connection (We'll be messing with both)

An ethernet adapter if your laptop doesn't have an ethernet jack

For this installation, I used a Thinkpad T460 which has a 6th gen Intel i7 and (actually) an Intel Wireless AC 8260 WiFi Card.

Note: This tutorial is relevant to OpenBSD 6.7 and probably works for 6.6 as well. Because OpenBSD changes, the install method is subject to change over time as well.

Making The Install USB

First things first, we need to fetch a copy of the OpenBSD installer and flash it to our thumb drive. On Linux and MacOS, connect to the internet and run this command to download the image to your Downloads folder:

cd ~/Downloads && curl -OJ https://cdn.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.7/amd64/install67.fs

Now for Linux, use lsblk to verify what the disk name is, or on MacOS use diskutil list to do the same.

Now run the command sudo dd if=~/Downloads/install67.fs of=/dev/<DISK> bs=1M, replacing <disk> with the name of the disk as recognized by the system. This will create the USB installer on these systems.

On Windows, download Win32DiskImager and download the OpenBSD image at [curl -OJ https://cdn.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.4/amd64/install64.fs](curl -OJ https://cdn.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/6.4/amd64/install64.fs). Use Win32DiskImager to flash OpenBSD to your thumb drive.

Booting The Installer

Great, we have our install USB. Now we need to power off, plug our Ethernet adapter in, connect the device via wired network, and plug our USB thumb drive in (while the machine is still off). Once this is done, pressing the power button again will show the boot screen and there's a key to spam to "Enter Setup". Commonly this is F12 or Delete. Here's an idea of what to look for:

A BIOS Boot Menu.

Use the arrow keys to highlight your USB and press "Enter" to boot from the OpenBSD Installer.

Performing The Installation

You should now be greeted by a terminal-based prompt asking you to (I)nstall, (U)pgrade, (A)utoinstall, or (S)hell:. We are going to type I here and press the enter key. Before we continue, it's important to note that the entire installation process is relatively simple in the sense that all the user needs to do is type the correct things in and the installer will do the rest.

First hurdle is the network connection- assuming you have an Intel wired network card (most laptops do), the ethernet device should be labelled em0 or em1. Configure this with dhcp. We cannot use wifi at the moment since the firmware isn't installed. It will also ask you if you wish to enable ssh, say no (this is a laptop) and don't allow root SSH login. Enable Xenodm- that's critical for a desktop, which can be configured later. You'll also be asked for the root user password and if you want to create additional users. for additional user creation, type your username and type a password.

We're almost done with the install! It will promptly ask what disk is your root disk. Since we're unsure, press ? and press enter. It should list something like

sd0: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 254.3 G sd1: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 15.6 G

Note: I redacted the names of my hard drives for privacy protection, but you will see the hard drive name and a little additional info in place of the X'es.

Awesome! Since we know we want to install to sd0 now, we type that in and press enter.

The last thing the installer needs is information on the "Location of Sets". This is BSD speak for where to find the files to install to the disk are. Since we have a network connection, let's use it and type http. It will promptly ask for a mirror, so type 1 and press enter (this will select the fastest mirror for you). Then press enter again.

There's a prompt to deselect sets you don't wish to install. This is for a more advanced installation and unnecessary as the default install is only 500-600 mb anyway. Proceed and continue with the install and it will fetch the latest and greatest OpenBSD software for your OS and install it for you. When done, the user just needs to hit "reboot" and remove the thumb drive.

Getting WiFi Working

All firmware will automatically install if you left the ethernet cable in after rebooting from the installer. Before rebooting to use the new firmware, let's apply the latest and greatest security patches for our system to finish the installation. Login as the "root" user and open a terminal. Now type syspatch and wait a few minutes for this to complete. When done, we can type halt -p to poweroff the system. From here, we can remove the ethernet cable and power back on.

Once the bootup is completed, we need to log in the "root" user once more to build our wireless configuration file, called hostname.if. First things first, run ifconfig in the terminal to verify the wireless card's name. The 3 most common ones to encounter are iwm, iwn and ath with a number following them. In my case, my wireless card is recognized as iwm0 and will use that for the rest of my examples. From here on out, replace iwm0 with the name of your WiFi card.

Let's scan for WiFi Networks by running the following commands in the terminal:

ifconfig iwm0 up ifconfig iwm0 scan

The first command gives the WiFi card some juice, the other scans for networks and returns the results. Read these results and look for something saying nwid, SSID, or BSSID. This is the name of the network to connect to. Make a note of this.

Now, we need to put contents in /etc/hostname.iwm0 (again, replace iwm0 with the name of your card!) Type vi /etc/hostname.iwm0 and a text editor will open, called vi.

Press the I key to enter "insert mode", and type the following:

# This Config File Designed by c0ffee.net join "YOUR_SSID" wpakey "YOUR_PASSPHRASE" # Swap with Your WiFi # you can specify other networks here too, in order of priority: # join "WORK_SSID" wpakey "WORK_PASSPHRASE" # join "OPEN_COFFEE_SHOP" dhcp inet6 autoconf up powersave

When done, press the Esc key then type in sequence :wq to save and exit. What we just did was told OpenBSD to automatically attempt connecting to the wireless hotspot you specified, then attempt to get an IP (network) address and give the card some juice. You can add more WiFi hotspots as time goes on to this config as well and it will attempt to connect in order of first to last.

With this done, reboot the system and during boot you should see mention of "Lease Accepted" for your WiFi card.

SUCCESS!

With the basic installation out of the way, stick around for part 2 where we configure a desktop to go with this nice new OpenBSD installation.

Source: C0ffee.net

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jobswzayef · 5 years ago

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AppD Sales Engineer Riyadh Saudi Arabia

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Location Riyadh Ar Riyad Saudi Arabia< li>

Area of Interest Engineer Pre Sales and Product Management< li>

Job Type Professional< li>

Technology Interest None< li>

Job Id 1291843< li> < ul>

About Us

AppDynamics is the Application Intelligence company. With AppDynamics enterprises have real time insights into application performance user performance and business performance so they can move faster in an increasingly sophisticated software driven world. Our integrated suite of products is built on our innovative enterprise grade App iQ Platform that enables our customers to make faster decisions that enhance customer engagement and improve operational and business performance. AppDynamics is uniquely positioned to enable enterprises to accelerate their digital transformations by actively monitoring analyzing and optimizing complex application environments at scale which has led to proven success and trust with the Global 2000.

About You

To be a successful Sales Engineer at AppDynamics you need to have experience in a sales engineer or customer facing role and be passionate about technical sales and working with customers. Ideally you are ambitious and self motivated and have experience with application performance management technologies and techniques and Cloud and Big Data technologies. Other qualifications we are looking for include

3 5 years experience working with at least one of the following languages Java .NET PHP JavaScript< li>

Experience and competence working at OS command lines including Unix Linux and Window command prompts.< li>

Experience with Unix Linux Windows shell scripting< li>

Knowledge of basic networking components and concepts. Ability to troubleshoot basic networking issues that may prevent communication between hosts< li>

Experience with web servers and common relational databases used in today’s application architectures. Ability to understand SQL.< li>

Excellent communication and presentation skills< li>

Passionate about technical sales and working with customers< li>

Ambitious and self motivated with a high emotional IQ< li>

Ability to work on multiple opportunities amp POCs concurrently< li>

Highly coachable with a strong desire to improve and grow as a professional< li>

Travel up to 50 < li> < ul>

Desired Experience amp Skills

Experience with application performance management technologies and techniques< li>

Experience with Cloud and Big Data technologies< li>

Experience with common .NET web application architecture frameworks distribution mechanisms and messaging components such as ASP.NET ASMX WCF MSMQ etc.< li>

Experience with common Java web application architecture frameworks distribution mechanisms and messaging components such as servlets struts Spring EJB web services RMI JMS MQ Series etc.< li> < ul>

About the Role

As a Sales Engineer at AppDynamics you will be responsible for providing world class pre sales technical support to the sales team. Working directly with customers you will be the subject matter expert on application performance management and AppDynamics. You will be responsible for delivering product demonstrations that directly address customer pain and emphasize AppDynamics’ industry leading APM solutions. During the sales cycle you will lead the proof of concepts demonstrating AppDynamics’ ability to meet and exceed customer requirements often in the customer’s production environment. Finally you will have the opportunity to work directly with our Product Management Engineering Customer Success and Marketing teams to share your knowledge and experiences to ultimately improve our business and our customers’ success.

Just a note

Note to Recruiters and Placement Agencies AppDynamics does not accept unsolicited agency resumes. Please do not forward unsolicited agency resumes to our website or to any AppDynamics employee. AppDynamics will not pay fees to any third party agency or firm and will not be responsible for any agency fees associated with unsolicited resumes. Unsolicited resumes received will be considered property of AppDynamics.

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Cisco is an Affirmative Action and Equal Opportunity Employer and all qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race color religion gender sexual orientation national origin genetic information age disability veteran status or any other legally protected basis. * راتب مجزي جداً. * مكافأت و حوافز متنوعة. * توفير سكن مؤثث أو بدل سكن. * أنتقالات أو توفير بدل عنها. * توفير تذاكر السفر لمن يشغل الوظيفة و عائلته. * ن��بة من الأرباح الربع سنوية. * أجازات سنوية مدفوعة الراتب بالكامل. * مسار وظيفي واضح للترقيات. * بيئة عمل محفزة و مناسبة لحالة الموظف. * تأمين طبي للموظيف و عائلته. * تأمينات أجتماعية. التقدم و التواصل مباشرة دون و سطاء عند توافر الألتزام و الجدية التامة و المؤهلات المطلوبة علي: [email protected]

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