#Your familiarity with JavaScript will help you to understand and use Node.js very easily. That is why node js is famous. You can hire a top

[dakshaps2020-blog]

HYBRID MOBILE APPS: A SIMPLE OVERVIEW OF CORE ADVANTAGES

What are Hybrid Mobile Apps?

Hybrid apps mean a combination of both the elements of native and mobile apps that are built using HTML 5, CSS and JavaScript encased in a native container. It allows developers to write the code once for the mobile app and you can implement it to multiple platforms. In the modern development surface, the word Hybrid Application becoming popular. Why? The vast and increasing use of smart devices catapulted the need for developing mobile applications in both platforms for steady consumers. This scenario leads to a need for some other way to resolve the exponentially increasing demand. Let see more.

What are the advantages of Hybrid Apps?

One of the main advantages of the Hybrid Apps is that they are cross-platform which means it supports multiple platforms. So that the same mobile app can be developed on different platforms very easily and more quickly. Another advantage is distributed the same codebase and design to all the targetted platforms which makes the uniformity across the platforms which in turn helps in quick understanding and familiarity of the developed app. It also helps in developing mobile apps more quickly and easily compare with the Native App. Thus, it is cost-effective, time-effective and resource-effective, also easy to maintain and very much scalable. The Native App approach is not so easy to maintain for each platform. There will be great differences in structuring the design and applying business logic to a common task or objective. But the Hybrid App approach will solve these differences and make a more similar approach which makes uniformity on all the platforms.

How hybrid app works?

Hybrid apps are web apps, it is stored in a native app shell and hybrid apps are composed of HTML5, CSS, and JavaScript. Once you downloaded any files from the app store and installed locally, the shell can recognize the features of your mobile through the browser embedded in the app. Users can't see the process of browsers and plugins which runs in the back end. The application will work on Android and iOS and the code can be reused for PWA (progressive web application).

Hybrid App frameworks

Many frameworks developed based on Javascript which is now very popular. Some of them are Node.Js, AngularJs, Typescript, and so much more. When combining these frameworks and technologies paved the way for mutually perpetual advancement of the Entire Internet and Online culture. The Hybrid App development helps in developing a mobile app across different platforms with almost the same codebase. This makes the reduced usage of resources with improved effectiveness. The fight between hybrid apps and native apps is continuous. Both have their pros and cons. When we talk about frameworks, hybrid platforms are truly giving strong opposition to native applications. There are many Hybrid App development frameworks such as 'ReactNative' from Facebook, 'Ionic Framework' from Drifty Co., 'Xamarin' from Microsoft, 'Flutter' from Google and so on. Most of the frameworks are Open Source. Even though they are not as efficient as Native Apps, they are improving efficiency by including new technology standards and more developer bases. In some cases, they even match the performance and efficiency of the Native Apps.

What are the examples of hybrid mobile apps?

Uber: Do you know why this hybrid App is the most popular because this makes your traveling comfortable and easy to access. When we talk about navigation it is very easy and one of the main reasons to make this app popular is its user interface. The platform is not an issue for Uber it can load faster.

Instagram: Next I am coming with a hybrid app example that is popular in short video signatures. In this users can access the media even in offline mode. The hybrid approach supports Instagram to both offline data and rich media.

Evernote: Do you know this app has splendidly designed when we talk about productivity it is extreme. Moreover, I can tell you the usability experience flawless and intuitive.

Twitter: One of the best popular hybrid apps is Twitter. I know it is hard to accept. I can give you a simple example, you know very well about twitter traffic, to handle it, twitter uses a hybrid approach.

I hope you got the impression that performance is not a concern for hybrid apps.

Conclusion

A hybrid app can be seen on your phone. You can get it from the store, you can play games, take pictures, share through social media and more to come. We hope you liked this guide to Hybrid Apps. If you are considering developing for the mobile application development, a major choice is to decide between developing a native application or a hybrid one. Now we'd like to hear from yourself

[npmjs]

This year in JavaScript: 2018 in review and npm’s predictions for 2019

This study is adapted from my presentation npm and the Future of JavaScript. No data is perfect; if you have questions about ours you can read about the methodology used to gather this data.

npm has over 10 million users who download well over 30 billion packages every month. On an average Tuesday—npm’s busiest day—users download more than 1.3 billion packages of open source JavaScript. This gives us a lot of information about what JavaScript users are up to. On top of that data, in partnership with the Node.js Foundation and the JS Foundation we survey of over 16,000 developers to ask what they’re up to.

From these two sources, we’ve uncovered some insights about the makeup of the npm community, as well as information about what the community considers to be best practices. This will help you make your technical choices in 2019.

JavaScript is the world’s most popular programming language

It’s no news to anyone that JavaScript is incredibly popular these days. Stack Overflow’s 2018 developer survey has JavaScript as the most popular programming language (with fellow web languages HTML and CSS at the #2 and #3 spots). GitHub’s most recent Octoverse infographic ranks languages by the number of pull requests received, and JavaScript is the top there, too.

The total number of JavaScript developers is hard to estimate. Slashdata’s 2018 survey suggests there were 9.7M by the end of 2017 and growing quickly, meaning there are well over 10M at this point. npm’s own estimates suggest there are over 10M npm users, and we see similarly rapid growth. There are JavaScript developers who do not yet use npm, but as a percentage of all JavaScript developers they are quite small, possibly fewer than 10%.

The npm Registry contributes to the popularity of JavaScript

Without question, JavaScript’s popularity is driven by its ubiquity as the only language directly usable for developing web applications. However, a fascinating paper by Leo Meyerovich and Ariel Rabkin at Berkeley studied the factors contributing to programming language adoption and found that, overall, the availability of open-source libraries relevant to the task at hand was the most important factor in selecting a programming language.

Our own survey data support the conclusions of this study. The most common reason respondents gave for choosing JavaScript was the number of libraries available.

With over 836,000 libraries currently available, npm is the largest single collection of open-source libraries in the world, by a significant margin—although JavaScript’s tendency towards smaller libraries means this comparison isn’t entirely apples-to-apples. Regardless, this enormous reservoir of open source code means that the popularity of JavaScript and npm works both ways: the language gains popularity because of the Registry, and vice versa.

npm is used to build every kind of application

We asked users where the JavaScript they write is used. An overwhelming 93% of respondents said that they write code for the web, with a still-substantial 70% saying they write JavaScript that runs on servers, i.e., Node.js. However, many other application areas including Internet of Things (IoT), desktop applications, native mobile applications, and others saw substantial numbers of users, too.

This is a significant change for those of us who work at npm, Inc. and maintain the npm command-line tool. npm was invented to serve the needs of server-side app developers, and the needs of web developers are different. Becoming a majority-web platform has meant changing our priorities, which has ledto new features like package locking by default.

npm is essential to web development

When npm, Inc. started in 2014, a tree of a few dozen JavaScript packages was typical. These days, the average modern web application has over 1000 modules, and trees of over 2000 modules are not uncommon. In fact, 97% of the code in a modern web application comes from npm. An individual developer is responsible only for the final 3% that makes their application unique and useful.

This is a huge success story for code reuse, for the strength of the npm community, and for open source in general. The time saved by not re-inventing the code in thousands of modules is saving millions of developers hundreds of millions of coding-hours.

npm has focused on security in 2018

To a great many developers, npm has simply become the way you build a website. This is a responsibility we take seriously. In our survey, 77% of developers said they were concerned about the quality and security of the open source libraries they used, and a worrying 52% said the tools currently available were inadequate. We went into more depth on these results in our post Attitudes to Security in the JavaScript community earlier this year.

In April, we announced that we acquired ^Lift Security and their product, the Node Security Platform. Today, the NSP is integrated directly into npm, and every install of npm includes security audits that notify users if they are installing insecure modules. We also furnish tools to easily correct these vulnerabilities by automatically installing secure versions of their modules. In addition, users of npm Enterprise and paid npm Organizations users receive notifications of embargoed vulnerabilities not yet publicly disclosed.

The demographics of npm users

The basic demographics of our survey respondents are covered in our methodology post, but there are several important facts worth highlighting:

1. We are mostly new. 25% have been using JavaScript for less than 2 years, and 51% have been using npm for less than 2 years. This is a side effect of the community doubling in size in that time!

2. We are mostly self-taught. 69% of npm users mostly taught themselves JavaScript, with the next highest being 22% who learned on the job.

We don’t just write JavaScript. People who use npm aren’t always strictly JavaScript developers—30% each report writing Java, PHP, and Python, and smaller numbers of lots of other languages.

We don’t just work at “tech” companies. 55% of npm users describe themselves as working at a company that wouldn’t be considered a “tech” company.

There are also some ways that npm users don’t differ from the general population of software developers, which is itself interesting. For example, npm users work at every size of company, in roughly the same proportion as those companies exist. JavaScript isn’t a “big company” or a “small company” tech. npm users also are evenly distributed across every industry, as well as other demographics such as age and education level.

Everybody would like less tooling

JavaScript in 2018 is somewhat notorious for requiring a lot of tooling to get going, which is quite a reversal from the situation in 2014, when Node.js was considered an “everything included” framework. Today, most developers wouldn’t consider Node to be a framework at all. True to that, all of our survey respondents would like to see less tooling, less configuration required to get started, and better documentation of the tools that do exist. But what tools?

We went in-depth into the popularity of JavaScript frameworks in our “State of JavaScript Frameworks” series (part 1, part 2, part 3) earlier this year. We won’t reiterate all the findings of that analysis, but rather dive into a few updates of what’s changed in the 9 months since then.

As a reminder, it’s important to understand the “share of registry” metric we are using here: a “flat” graph in this case means strong growth, just not growth relative to the growth of the registry, which is always growing quickly.

React’s growth has slowed

React continues to dominate the web scene. Over 60% of npm’s survey respondents say they are using React, and it has grown further since then. However, that growth in 2018 has been slower than in 2017.

Angular downloads have stayed flat

The two major flavors of Angular combined have stayed roughly flat in terms of market share.

Ember’s popularity has rebounded

In a very unusual phenomenon, Ember’s popularity, which appeared to be declining, has continued a strong rebound. By September, more than twice as many developers were using Ember as at the beginning of the year. We’re going to keep a close eye on this story, but we think Ember’s resurgence is part of the explanation for the slowdown in React.

Vue’s strong growth has continued

Vue was already growing quickly and that continued in 2018. Many Vue users report that they picked it over React because in their opinion it’s easier to get started while maintaining extensibility. Our current theory is that React’s growth has been slowed by many newer users picking Vue.

GraphQL continues hyper-growth

GraphQL, tracked by its most popular client library Apollo, continues to explode in popularity. We think it’s going to be a technical force to reckon with in 2019.

Transpilers rule, led by Babel—and a surprise: TypeScript

Babel is familiar to any React user as the tool used to transpile React’s next-generation JavaScript into the currently-supported JavaScript standards. In line with React’s 60% market share, 65% of npm users report using Babel. (It also has uses outside of the React ecosystem.)

Something of a surprise, however, was TypeScript, with 46% of survey respondents reporting they use Microsoft’s the type-checked JavaScript variant. This is major adoption for a tool of this kind and might signal a sea change in how developers write JavaScript. We are definitely going to be asking more questions about TypeScript usage in the next version of our survey.

npm’s predictions for 2019

It’s always difficult to make predictions about an ecosystem as huge, varied, and fast-changing as JavaScript, but our data has led us to make a few predictions for 2019 that we think we can commit to.

1. You will abandon one of your current tools. Frameworks and tools don’t last in JavaScript. The average framework has a phase of peak popularity of 3–5 years, followed by years of slow decline as people maintain legacy applications but move to newer frameworks for new work. Be prepared to learn new frameworks, and don’t hold on to your current tools too tightly.

2. Despite a slowdown in growth, React will be the dominant framework in 2019. 60% market share for a web framework is unheard-of, and that’s partly because React isn’t a full framework, just part of one. This allows it to flexibly cover more use-cases. But for building a web app in 2019, more people will use React than anything else, and that will result in a big advantage in terms of tutorials, advice, and bug fixes.

3. You’ll need to learn GraphQL. It might be too early to put GraphQL into production, especially if your API is already done, but 2019 is the year you should get your mind around the concepts of GraphQL. There’s a good chance you’ll be using them in new projects later in the year and in 2020.

4. Somebody on your team will bring in TypeScript. 46% adoption implies that TypeScript is more than just a tool for enthusiasts. Real people are getting real value out of the extra safety provided by type-checking. Especially if you’re a member of a larger team, consider adopting TypeScript into your 2019 projects.

Stay tuned

One prediction we’re very confident in making is that this community will continue to rapidly grow and expand the capabilities of JavaScript. As it grows, we’ll be documenting new trends and sharing our insights with the community. You can follow along by subscribing to our weekly newsletter and following us on Twitter.  

[lowcodetechnology]

Node.Js Advancement: Significant Realities And Elements

JavaScript is widely used for developing standard or even advanced custom software. Node.js is everything developers need and look for with its unique performance and features. It is highly event-driven and makes great use of the calling back concept, which encourages developers to produce advanced and diversified software applications.

Applications of PayPal, Netflix, Uber, eBay and many others are a few longstanding examples of Node.js’ exemplary possibilities. If you want your organization to enjoy one such revolutionary application, then choose DEW Studio, the top low-code app development platform for your next software development projects. 

Server-centric or Server Side programming powers of Node.js elevate every app development process when combined with JavaScript frameworks. The server-side RTE (Runtime Environment) empowers developers to build path-breaking software applications. 

Let us uncover the important facts and features about node.js. 

Discover 12 Interesting Node.Js Facts And Features

To choose Node.js, learning about its facts will be useful and essential. 

A server engine at its core, Node.js, works only after you properly set it up and alter it to fulfil your needs.

It is part of the community of JavaScript. So this allows developers to alter or manipulate it with User Interfaces, JS tools and also connectors.

Node.js is completely open source. Additionally, it is a building framework that perfectly allows developers for cross-platform or hybrid mobile app development.

Your familiarity with JavaScript will help you to understand and use Node.js very easily. That is why node js is famous. You can hire a top-rated node.js developer to build eccentric low-code software.

JavaScript is the easiest to work with. But it is Node.js that unleashes its true potential making it wonderful for every kind of web and mobile application development. JavaScript operates through almost every operating system [OS].  

Google’s V8 engine powers Node.js to run in the backend, while JavaScript runs in the front end with Google Chrome. Even Google itself mentions Node.js as its honorary, along with additional engine power structures.

Chrome 57+ has a Node.js debugging feature to eliminate errors from front-end and backend processes.

The JavaScript Object Notation – JSON is one stable, realistic and common data exchanging format. It is highly easy to create APIs with JSON.

Node.js group is always accommodating to exchanging its core bundles. Sharing becomes simple and effective. This answers why node js is better.

Node Package Manager [NPM] is used and its in-depth support has propelled growth Possibilities for the Node community.

With Nose.js, a program takes care of a single mission presenting you with 100% successful results.

It has the finest instrumentation and documentation and has one of the best practices. 

With our low-code software development solutions, we can help you make it!

Hire A Node.Js Developer To Start Your Project!

DEW Studio, the best low-code platform to partner with if you are looking to indulge in path-breaking mobile app development projects for your organization. With the right team, you can build a fantastic low-code app with unmatched features. 

Hire the best low-code developers now!

[paradisetechsoftsolutions]

Node.js vs PHP: Which is better for web development?

Short description of both the languages along with their short explanations:

Overview of NodeJs

Node.js is a platform built on Chrome's JavaScript runtime for easily building fast running scalable network apps. It is an open-source server-side Javascript run-time environment built on Chrome’s JavaScript Engine(V8). Node.js initially appeared when the engineers of Javascript broadened it from something you could just keep running in the program to something you could keep running on your machine as an independent application. Presently you can do considerably more with Javascript than simply making websites interactive. Javascript now has the ability to do things that other scripting languages like Python can do.

NodeJs explanation:

Node.js uses an event-driven, non-blocking I/O model that makes it lightweight and efficient, impeccable or data-intensive real-time applications that run across distributed devices.

Overview of PHP

PHP is a server-side scripting language designed for web development but also used as a general-purpose programming language. Originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994, the PHP reference implementation is now produced by the PHP group. Also, the ever-increasing popularity of content management systems like Drupal, WordPress, Shopify and WooCommerce portrays how PHP has covered the backend under its wings.

Php's explanation:

PHP provides a switch statement that allows you to execute a code block conditionally. A PHP switch statement compares a variable or an expression against many different values and executes a code block based on the value it equals to.

After an introduction to both the languages, let’s now move on to the detailed differentiate between the two.

Difference between the two languages on different parameters

Node.js and PHP are able to manage any complexity of the applications, they are built around different architectures and concepts. If you are an app owner or a business owner, selecting between these programming languages for your web development project can be a difficult situation indeed.

The main difference between the two is that JavaScript is a client-side scripting language whereas PHP is a server-side scripting language. However, since the release of Node.js, JavaScript has also been used as a server-side technology allowing you to build scalable network applications PHP vs NodeJS: Development.

Base Code Syntax and Access to command line:

NODE:

PHP:

Performance of Node.js vs PHP

Node.js Performance:

If we talk about .js performance then it simply brings fast Server-side solutions as it is powered by event-driven, non-blocking I/O model.

It executes codes faster than expected -thanks to Google Chrome’s latest V8 engine.

Released under MIT license, it does not buffer any data.

It supports multi-platforms such as Linux, Mac OS, Microsoft Windows, etc.

PHP Performance

Code or script written in PHP performs faster than that of written in other languages including JSP & ASP.

Rich code base supports faster development and helps developers to understand it easily.

That means if you are a fresher in PHP, you can work like a pro.

PHP is easily portable and can run on any server it has been designed to run such Apache, IIS, etc.

PHP also supports multi-platforms such as Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, etc.

Node.js – Pros and Cons

Pros

Fast Backend Solution

The one point that gets the JavaScript framework points ahead of the PHP vs Node.js war is that the framework can be used to service numerous concurrent events. Using Node.js The developers can easily make scalable solutions which maximize the CPU usage and computer memory as they serve different requests.

2. One Language

As expected from a JavaScript framework, Node.js is also a server-side environment which gives a complete range of benefits that a developer expects from scripting language across the app development stack. When you use one language for both the backend and frontend development of an app, the resulting product is usually one with minimal bugs and better functions.

3. More Flexibility

When we talk about app development with Node.js, there are very limited dependencies and guidelines. There are no specific rules asking developers to choose a set architecture or pattern, which gives them access to over hundreds of different modules.

Apart from these, there are a number of pros that are a part of Node.js, such as – Being identical to JS, it is a lot easier to learn Node, it is ideal when working with large files.

Cons

Not ideal for Intensive Apps

The framework is not ideal for the handling of intensive CPU activities such as editions of graphics, generation of audio and videos, etc. The applications made by Node are a lot more responsive, which makes it difficult to develop graphics-centric apps.

2. The Node Environment is Still a Little Immature

Along with these, one point that Node.js like some of the other JavaScript frameworks suffer from is the usage of a complicated code structure.

With this covered, let’s see what are PHP’s pros and cons in the development arena.

PHP – Pros and Cons

Pros

Robust Code

The environment comes with a strong code base with platforms like – Joomla, WordPress, and Drupal, which enables developers and Entrepreneurs to reap the benefits of Rapid Application Development. One can develop e-commerce websites in minutes with the help of PHP. This also makes PHP ideal for the development of the CMS (Content Management System).

2. Exact Solution

Irrespective of where the PHP is running – server or platform – it always offers a precise app development solution. This makes it a lot easier for small companies to integrate, develop, share, and manage apps with no knowledge of SSH console commands.

3. Web Offerings

PHP came into existence for working efficiently on the web with functionalities to manage HTML. So, for developers who wish to avoid creating an overload of the client-side, when creating a CMS (Content Management System), PHP comes as a highly beneficial solution.

Apart from these, there are a number of advantages that PHP comes with, such as – Huge community support, portability, support of hosting services.

Cons

Poor Manageability of Code

As covered in our ASP.Net vs PHP blog, the latter gives the developers the freedom to combine HTML with the language syntax, which makes it even harder for them to extend their PHP apps with the new functionality. Also, it has become even more difficult to manage the codes with such a huge code base: something that JavaScript frameworks seldom face.

2. Client-Server Model Slow

Because the client-server model of PHP is a lot more outdated than Node, it is also a lot slower.

In addition to these two disadvantages, PHP also does not separate business logic and views. Because of this, it gets difficult to add new functions to the codebase.

Now that you have seen the advantages and disadvantages that both Node.js and PHP come with, it is important to understand that while the pros & cons combination of one environment would be suitable for one business, chances are that the combination of the same environment won’t work for the other business. Meaning, knowing different PHP vs Node.js benchmarks is not enough; you must also be familiar with different scenarios they are effective in.

Something that we will cover in this article, but after taking a look at the brand evangelists of both the environments.

Conclusion

In a nutshell, they are well-suited to work as a prominent server-side framework. Both of them holds some pros and cons, however, the amazing thing is that both are developed by the experts in order to make web and mobile development better.

So what are you waiting for? Try something new!

[gomangodigitalblog]

Explore the key elements behind how web technologies are developed

Explore the key elements behind how web technologies are developed

Web components comprise three main elements. These are HTML, CSS and Java Scripts. You can create a fascinating set of web backgrounds, stunning wallpapers and web layouts using the same. Web users usually look for the feel or appeal of the web page to linger on to it over a longer duration of time.

There are components you must be made aware of. Web developers need to stay comfortable working on different types of web components. We will have a brief look at what each of these components are. Helping you explore the key elements behind how web technologies are developed:

Browsers

Web developers must be well-versed on working with different types of browsers. Browsers are also known as interpreters of the web-world. Some of the popular ones are:

Google Chrome- This is the most popular web browser brought to you via Google Inc.

Safari- This is a web browser that is supported by Apple.

Mozilla Firefox- Again, this is an open source web browser that is supported by the Mozilla Foundation

Internet Explorer- This is the world’s most commonly used browser brought to you by Microsoft.

HTML and CSS

Web developers must be aware of the coding languages of the web. These are HTML and CSS coding. Web browsers decipher the machine’s commands using HTML. Similarly, you must understand what CSS is all about. CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. CSS tells HTML as to how the commands have to be sequenced on the screen. Using CSS, you can perform several functions like creating page effects, image hovering effects, text effects, page transitioning and so on.

Web development frameworks

Web development frameworks do the actual job for you. You have developers creating the sassy layouts, coming up with trendy web themes, having exciting text fonts resembling caricatures and what not. Helping you delve into few of these:

Angular

Angular is one of the latest web technologies that is developed specifically for designing web applications. You can create front-end apps without much of a hassle. While you do from the Angular framework itself. In other words, you needn’t download plugins or frameworks from other sources.

Other attractive features include mind-blowing templates, MVC architecture, code generation, splitting of codes and so on.

Ruby on Rails

Again, this is a framework wherein you can re-use the very same codes while drawing up multiple web development sites. In other words, the codes you generate are absolutely re usable in nature. You therefore have a server based framework that makes app development easier and faster.

Yii

Yii refers to an open source framework that facilitates web designing the fabulous way. The framework has exclusively been built using PHP5. This is a well optimized framework that comes to you with other cool benefits too. These include debugging and app testing.

Meteor JS

Meteor JS is a JavaScript framework that can easily help you create web applications. More so, you can have them working on different platforms hassle-free. You have fewer coding nodes. Plus, you can create web pages with a significantly lower page loading time.

Express Js

You have Express Js that is a web based framework indeed. You have the framework written using Node.js and Express.js. One can develop apps and API’s at the click of a finger. You can use cooler features of the app based framework via the plugins it offers.

Zend

Zend is an open-source web framework that has been built using PHP. You can develop web sites that are more secure and reliable in nature. A popular PHP engine that has been built using Zend is Magento. You can still find its use for large scale PHP apps.

Django

This is a web-based framework that has been designed using MVC architecture. The codes are written in Python. You have the framework helping you out in ways more than one. This owes to the simplicity the web frame-work offers you with. You have pre-designed templates, user friendly plugins, an ORM database, Models and a lot many. Plus, you can have access to the Django admin in case you have trouble downloading the software.

Laravel

Laravel is a PHP development framework that comes to you with a library of benefits and useful features. Some of these include database migration, object oriented repositories, MVC support and a lot many. This is a community based network that helps you design small scale and large scale B2B web apps. The websites you develop are capable of handling huge volumes of transactions on a day to day basis.

Programming languages, data formats and codes

If you want to create authentic web sites using web based frameworks, you must learn languages the coding domain supports. You must learn JavaScript if you want to build a site using Java framework. You must learn Python if you want to build a site using Django. Likewise, you must learn the languages the coding domain supports. Only then, can you provide suitable commands for the framework to receive and execute.

Similarly, you have programming codes provided to you via HTML, CSS, PHP and JavaScript. You must necessarily familiarize yourself with these. This way, you get an expertise over programming commands you give to the browsers. You can make use of API’s to support the app’s functionality. What does API stand for? It stands for Application Programming Interface. Using APIs, you can use the functionalities of the app without memorizing their codes.

Again, you must keep a thorough tack of data formats. For instance you have JSON that stands for JavaScript Object Notation. This is the syntax for storing and exchanging data via a JS (JavaScript) database. XML refers to the data format predominantly used by Microsoft. And, CSV stands for formatting syntax for Excel.

Client based Interface

What do you understand by the term ‘Client?’ Each user of the web app is called a client. Here, Clients refers to mobile phones, laptops, desktops, tablets, etc. You find multiple clients interacting with the same app that is typically stored on a server.

Server

Usually the app codes are stored on a server. The clients input their requests to servers. Servers process information and then interact with the clients to provide them with the requested information.

Conclusion

You therefore explore the key elements behind how web technologies are developed. In order to develop user-friendly sites, you must never shy yourself from learning newer technologies. New web technologies can revamp the entire set of processes behind which new web designing trends are developed upon.

About Us

For your daily dose of technological updates get connected to Mango Digital via https://mangodigital.solutions/   For every tech hangover, there is a Mangoer. Mango Consulting is one of the leading web design & development companies in the UK. We specialize in the field of mobile app development, content writing, IT support, digital marketing at very much affordable prices.

[infinijith]

Skills that You Need to Look for While Hiring an Angular Developers

If you going to build an enterprise level web application with a high-quality outcome then the first and responsible step is picking the structural framework with a cutting end technology to that make your web app more effective.

Angular will be the right choice if you are expecting to implement a wider set of features and much more functionality.

You can find many professional developers who can create your application more effectively. But you need to find an effective and affordable developer who can intake your unique requirement and develop your application.

Here are some tips that may help you in finding the best Angular developer who fits into your project.

So, before going to know how and what to look into your angular developer-first know why? 

What is Angular?

If you looking for developing a web application, then you must come across the word Angular. It is one of the popular TypeScript-based open-source JavaScript frameworks. The Angular team at Google handles the Angular project.

AngularJS, the first version, was used for developing dynamic single-page apps. From Angular 2 the term “Angular” is applied.

Angular is known for developing web applications with rich features sets. Even it makes the JavaScript code much simpler and well-structured for developing effective web applications.

Angular is not only used for develping a web application, it can also be used in developing mobile and desktop applications.  

The platform Ionic is built on top of Angular is used for developing cross-platform mobile apps.

Why and Why Not Angular Developers

It is important to know what are the benefits you may get if you have selected effective developers.

Here’s what you can get if you hire skilled developers to handle the application in your project.

Why Angular Developers

1. Rapid app development and prototyping

With Angular, it is easy to speed up the app prototyping process. When you have a Rapid app development you can easily faster the prototype of your product is done.

It also makes you get the feedback from testers for every stage of the application process. This results in less development time and takes your product to market on time.

2. High-quality Application

If you have an expert angular then you can get an application with a rich feature set and functionalities. Hire an Angular developer team that has a varied knowledge of the subject area.

3. Reduced development cost

If you have quality angular developers on board then, you can significantly cut the costs of your app development. Also, you can hire developers to form worldwide that may benefit your project.

If you think why you need Angular as your framework for developing application then have a look at our blog Advantage of Choosing Angular.

Why Not Angular Developers

1. Security flaws

When you hire developers from different areas and you not defined access permissions in the contract correctly, then this may lead to the risk of letting out your confidential information. Sometimes you may need to expect potential data leaks.

2. Quality problems

One of the core problems faced by all will be hiring an angular developer online from abroad is quality on the outcome. Sometimes this problem can be easily avoided when you done research before picking a company from there you may hire.

Who are the Best Angular Developers?

Anyone clime to be the best angular developer, but it needs some skill and experience and problem handing nature to turn out to be the best angular developers.

Here is some aspect that the angular developer must pose high-end JavaScript coder. Angular developers need a new way of approach and have their own prospect about the project that helps coders to bring out the framework to create a web app able that meets all the clients’ requirements.

It doesn't mean if you are a good JavaScript coder you can become an Angular developer. Each developer must know every bit of an angular framework to make good use of it for the applications.

Fundamental and Necessary Skill Every Angular Developer Must Have  

They must possess a good level of understanding and knowledge in working with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript or some other JavaScript framework.

It is easy to be an Angular developer if they know about CSS pre-compilers such as Leaner CSS (LESS) and Syntactically Awesome Stylesheet (Sass).

If developers have knowledge of the JavaScript-based build tools like Gulp, Grunt and Bower, then they can take advantage of the Angular development.

It is mandatory to have skill is the knowledge of JavaScript Frameworks.

For every website, Asynchronous JavaScript (AJAX) and XML is an integral part, so Angular developer must be familiar with it.

Knowledge of more than one library like JQuery and Bootstrap will benefit the developer.

Communication Skills - Very essential for every developer that is needed for constant contact and maintains communication between yourself and the client. Sometimes miscommunication can lead to many problems that should be strictly avoided.

Things to Look for in an Angular Developer:

1. Understanding of Core JavaScript

If you look at the developer may only have knowledge of single-framework. But if you are looking for an expert, then you need one who is specialized in many frameworks. This not only neat for hiring Angular developers whether you hire an Angular, React, or Vue.js engineer they must know the JavaScript language at its core.

2. Extensive knowledge of the Angular framework

You need to hire an Angular developer who can master angular framework. As we see, all the framework is regularly updated and new versions are released with additional features and functionalities. So, you need to hire developers who keep up the knowledge and skills.

3. Experience web markup, HTML, and CSS

If a developer has experience in web markup, then will have a steadfast understanding of the positioning of the elements, UX concepts, and elements interaction then they can apply it in delivering and product with high-quality.  

4. Familiarity with RESTful API integration

A developer must know of RESTful API (application program interface) which is used in HTTP requests to GET, PUT, POST, and DELETE data.

It is better if a developer is experienced in REST APIs which enables them to read the API documentation and use it effectively.

This skill is required for every angular developer to write an effective code to meet the application need.

5. Awareness of Alongside Technologies such as Node.JS and Webpack

Having knowledge of technologies like Node.JS framework will make the development process easier and more effective.  

So, when you look to hire a top angular developer, you should include these points in your requirements.

A have look at our blog Angular vs Node.JS To know how these two frameworks are related to each other and in what aspect it differs.

6. Attentiveness to detail

Generally, every developer should be extremely observant of details in the application, which helps them to write high-quality code and be able to immediately identify the mistakes.  

It is an important factor since it helps in meeting the exact needs of the client.

Some Key Skills Required for Angular Developers

Some important point to look while hiring team has to focus on when hiring Angular developers.

Know what the project demands: When you hire an angular developer, make sure your developer understands what the project needs. He should also know about what’s the budget, the scope and duration of the project are important for every developer. Each developer must have the experience all this and the cost of the Angular front-end development. Unless you haven't figure out all of these factors, then you will not be able to hire the right kind of developers for your project.

Keep the project live: If you are interviewing the Angular front-end developer first, you will need to explain in detail what is the scope and description of the project. If once you described this, you can make the hiring process smoother and more targeted. It also makes the developer upfront about his capabilities and whether he is actually the right fit.

Start in the right place: One of the important aspects of hiring right angular developers. Finding an angular developer is mostly depends on where your business is located, what is your budget and how much are you willing to pay. For example, if your project has a tied budget then you may want to hire Angular developers where the cost is comparatively much low.  

Angular is power framework for web application development have a look at this Top 20 Angular Application Examples to know the strength of Angular in web application.

Conclusion

Hiring an Angular developer will be an easy process once you have understood what your exact needs are and who you are expecting. Always go for how has a wide knowledge of framework that may help in taking your application to the next level.  

You also need to consider cost as a factor when your project is big for that you may need the best team, not a single developer.

Infinijith has an expert team of angular developers who have a wide range of experience and provided a solution for various problems. 

Click here to read more: https://www.infinijith.com/blog/angular/angular-developer-skills

[purchasecommerce]

2020’s Which Technology Is Best For Ecommerce Website?

Technology is a growing and promising medium, which is going to rule the future world. Nowadays all people are adapting to the digital world and everyone uses technology in their daily lives.

As per stats, 40% of the world population is founded on the internet and 8 billion devices are linked to the internet.

Thus, if you are a business entrepreneur or going to start a new business, online mode is the best space when compared to the offline medium.

Online Ecommerce Business

Online businesses are many to start, among that ecommerce is the first and best choice as all people use the ecommerce app to fulfill their necessities.

Ecommerce is the most famous online business gaining millions of people all over the world. Hence, ecommerce helps you to become successful in your business.

For starting the ecommerce business, technology if the crucial part to consider as the technology will speak more to the customers. All the features are revolved around the technology.

What is technology in Ecommerce and Why it is important for Ebusiness?

In ecommerce, the technology is referred to as the programming languages that are used to develop the ecommerce platform. You can see many programming technologies in online that are emerging out seasonally, in that you have to choose the best technology for ecommerce website.

We will discuss the different programming technologies after in detail.

Importance of Programming technologies

1. In general, the four “ities” will be part of technology. These combinations will vary according to the technology. The best technology will provide all these four proper combinations in your ecommerce platform. The four “ities” are:

Security- All the data and information should be more secure; it helps to retain loyalty to your customers.

Flexibility- Your platform should be flexible enough to customize the things on the website.

Reliability- Reliable elements are popular between the buyers, hence reliability in business is more important.

Scalability- Quantity as well as quality, both should be maintained equally to become scalable ecommerce website between the customers.

2. Database: Database is the heart of the technology platform, where all of the main data are stored.

The Primary database will collect the details from the customers and responsible for the data that are shown on UI. The Secondary database will act as a backup for saving the primary data.

Hence the security and database are the main reason for focusing on technology

Best Programming Technologies for Building Ecommerce Website

Here I will list out six important languages and frameworks which will be the best technology for the ecommerce website.Let’s start the discussion.

Java

JavaScript

PHP

Python

Ruby

MEAN

1. JAVAJava is a famous programming language based on classes and objects. You can able to develop full-fledged applications using Java to run on computers.

Java is one of the best choices to build an ecommerce website, as it is robust and flexible, you may modify the designs according to your wish. It also contains effective tools that help you to be more productive.

E.g.: Shopizer is the best example for the ecommerce website which is developed using Java.

2. JAVASCRIPT

JavaScript is also a famous programming language, which is unlike Java, runs only on browsers. It contains coding and texts; it is useful to develop ecommerce websites as it is easily embedded in the code in HTML.

Both front-end and back-end development will be supported in JavaScript.

3. PHP

PHP is another most used language which is abbreviated as Hypertext Preprocessor. PHP is mainly meant for website development.PHP is one of the best choices for developing an ecommerce website.It is highly functional and enhanced with various features to develop the applications.

Magento is developed by PHP. You can have many frameworks for PHP. But Laravel will be the best framework to use along with PHP to develop the best websites.

4. PYTHON

Next to PHP, Python is also more useful for developing web applications. It is also a popular programming language that has more loyalty with their users.

Python is also a wonderful option to develop an ecommerce website. It is efficient and flexible to make the best applications.

We all are familiar with social media sites like Facebook and Instagram which is developed using Python. The best framework available for Python is Django. Both Python and Django together provide the best functionalities to Facebook and Instagram.

5. RUBY

Ruby is a high-level language technology that is useful to build web applications. Rails is a framework build using Ruby. Hence Ruby on Rails will be the best choice when you build an ecommerce website with heavy traffic.

Even though its performance is not as good as the above all technologies, it is highly helpful to customize your store.

6. MEAN

MEAN is all about MongoDB, Express.JS, Angular JS, and Node.JS.This MEAN stack (a group of all framework technologies) is widely helpful in developing ecommerce websites. MEAN stack is especially used for dynamic web application creations.

Here comes the latest technology Angular and Node.JS.

Angular is the growing and ongoing framework for creating dynamic web applications. On the other hand, Node.js is also a data-intensive and lightweight platform to develop network applications. Both will be the best choice to develop an ecommerce website for all the upcoming features on the platform.

Also, take an insight into

Angular and NodeJS Technology Stack in ecommerce

Benefits of Angular

Easy to maintain

Readable and understandable

Reusable is available

Better Code Consistency

Benefits of Node.JS

Easy learning and coding

Used for a single programming language

High Scalability

Helps request Handling

Thus, Angular and Node.JS technology will the most appropriate technology to choose to build world-class ecommerce websites.For instance, Purchase Commerce is the leading ecommerce platform which is developed on next-gen technologies like Angular and Node.js.  Also, Purchase Commerce provides Angular based ecommerce themes to create a colorful and beautiful online store to delight your customers.

Let’s make it more interesting...

Headless Commerce

Do you hear about Headless Commerce?

In traditional, ecommerce comprises of both front-end and back-end development.  Both front-end and back-end will together help you in developing a good ecommerce website.

But the opposite applies to headless commerce. As the name reveals, it doesn’t need the front-end part. Just with the help of the back-end tool part, it provides the best ecommerce features to the customers. It gives regular updates without affecting the back-end system.

In nutshell, a backend CMS (Content Management System) is derived as headless commerce. Headless Commerce is a growing technology and you can also use this technology in your ecommerce platform. It is very flexible and useful to improve your ecommerce business sales.

To know how the Headless Commerce exactly works, read here: Headless Commerce

As to say, Purchase Commerce, the best platform for creating the ecommerce website, also supports this Headless commerce technology to help your customers to fulfill your requirements.

Benefits of using technology in e-commerce:

Technology is thus useful to upgrade the new features on the ecommerce website.

Security will be high as best as the technology is used.

Upcoming Trends of Ecommerce Website:

You have to know the upcoming trends in ecommerce so that it is helpful for you to develop the website based on the latest features.

1. Voice Commerce

After the successful emission of ecommerce, where the products are searched by the customers in words, the technology to upgrade is Voice Commerce where the products are searched by pronouncing it to the website.The concept of ecommerce is shopping online anytime and to save time. By using this voice commerce technology, it will save time even more and makes the customer more attached to the ecommerce store.

2. AI (Artificial Intelligence)

Everything is personalized using the machine and also the ecommerce website. The AI (Artificial Intelligence) technology is quite useful to understand the customer’s behavior by instant automated technique.

3. Chatbots

Chatbots are the part of AI, where the website bots replied to the customer’s messages and feedbacks automatically and also helps to communicate with the customers in a natural way like a human. Some other amazing technologies that are going to be introduced in an ecommerce website, which is available here: Top Emerging Trends in ecommerce

Which platform is best for Creating Ecommerce Website?

Purchase Commerce is the next-gen Angular and Node technology that is available for you at a one-time payment with a lifetime license. It also has headless commerce technology. To get the all-in-one ecommerce platform for your ecommerce business, then Purchase Commerce is the best choice for you.

You can start a friendly conversation over here: Let’s Communicate, to solve your queries or to buy the best ecommerce marketplace platform.

Conclusion:

As to conclude, I hope this above information about ecommerce techniques will be helpful for you to choose the best technology for the ecommerce website. Technology is mandatory and you should use the appropriate one for your website application.

Need more ecommerce strategies and tips? Jump here: ecommerce Tips and Strategies.

Are you ready to upgrade your ecommerce website?

Originally published at www.purchasecommerce.com on 04 December, 2019

[tak4hir0]

Nowadays, as a webdeveloper, you rarely build anything from scratch: your daily job mostly consists of integrating various Javascript libraries together. If you are building a web app you are most likely going to use some framework like React, Vue or Angular for your front-end. To transmit and manage the data you will be using Redux or GraphQL. For the backend, there will be Express and probably Loopback. Then you need to cover everything with tests, so Jest, Mocha or Jasmine must be present too. Finally, there will be UI frameworks like Bootstrap and maybe some charting tools. I have already counted at least 7 core libraries and all of these are in a single project! And what about underlying technologies like Javascript itself, Node.js and, probably, Typescript? Well, that’s a lot! So how do you learn all of these tools? Of course there is a such thing as a documentation. Why documentation is important? There are two ways you can relate to documentation: you can either write or read one. Sometimes you are on both sides, but in most cases you are consuming a creation of other developers. You would not use any of the mentioned libraries, unless they were well documented, would you? Which brings us to the first point: People will not even consider your project unless it is well-documented This may seem obvious but, if your code is not documented, then the only way to learn what it does is to reverse engineer it. Would you do that yourself? Let’s consider the extreme opposite and imagine if React, for example, had no documentation. Then there would be only few geeks to try this new tool from Facebook, since it would require browsing over the source code to understand what it does and how to use it. Of course there will be no businesses or enterprises using a non-documented library. What kind of CEO or CTO would want to risk their company’s resources on a technology that has unpredictable onboarding time? Moreover, it would be hard for Facebook’s engineers themselves to support and maintain the codebase, which makes a second point: You will not be able to understand your code in 6 months I bet you know the feeling when you look at the code that you have written a few months or years ago and can not understand a single line. It is even hard to admit the code was your creation. Sounds familiar? The code may even look like it was written by someone much less experienced and may seem silly, but still you are unable to explain what is going on there. Why did you write this? At that moment an intense feeling of regret will creep in and you will start to realize the best moment to write documentation was when you wrote the code, i.e. 6 months ago. Now, instead of reading the docs, you will have to read the code, and the code does not answer the question “why” it was written and does not explain itself. So the main purpose of documentation is to explain why you wrote this piece of software, including for yourself in the future. "Documentation is a love letter that you write to your future self" (Damian Conway). What to write? After it became clear how important documentation is, it seems that we can start creating one. However, before proceeding, I would recommend to stop for a while and do a step zero by clearly defining your target audience and understanding the value your project generates. Define your audience This one seems obvious but is often forgotten. It is better to clearly formalize who you are writing for. Who are your users? Are they mostly developers or designers? Experienced or fresh? Do they use your project in a large or small team? Etc, etc. Answering these questions will help you define an imaginary persona, which represents most of your users. Keeping this imaginary persona in mind will help you a lot, so the process of writing docs will look more like a dialog between you two. What problem your project solves? The first thing to add to your document is a clear definition of what is the name of the project and what problem it solves. It is better to have one or two sentences. People are going to be visiting your page from many sources and, hence, have different perspectives. That’s why you have to be very precise and avoid vague descriptions. Simply state what your Javascript project is about, who it is for and what problem it solves. As an example of proper title and description, you can check out Sing App React Admin Template documentation. Quick start and installation steps Most people do not like to wait. So do your users. Let them launch and try your project as fast as you can. Prepare a simple short list of steps needed to setup the project and put it on top of documentation front page. Usually it may be a list of commands required to setup an environment and start the application. If it’s possible, it will be great to simply copy-paste these commands and have the entire application or library launched. Take a look at Rails Admin documentation as an example: A list of steps needed to setup the library is clear and easy to execute, which makes the whole project more attractive to use. Hopefully your users will be able to setup and launch everything, so now it is time to go a little bit deeper. Components and features documentation It is most likely that quick starting the project will not be the only option available to interact with it. There will be other parts, modules, components, features, classes, etc. You name it. E.g. pieces of your software that require separate documentation and provide an API to interact with it in some way. The first thing to do is to list all of these components and make a table of contents based on it with links following to the relevant pages. For every single piece of your documentation it is better to apply the same principle you apply to writing project description: name the component, describe what it is used for, what is the installation process, if there is one. What are the API methods and parameters, if so? Try to put yourself in a place of this imaginary persona you described earlier and imagine what would be the questions and difficulties integrating this particular component. Help them use it and leave no feature undocumented! A list of steps needed to setup the library is clear and easy to execute, which makes the whole project more attractive to use. Hopefully your users will be able to setup and launch everything, so now it is time to go a little bit deeper. Firebase documentation is a great example of structuring docs. You can see the menu of all available documentation parts on the left side and interact with particular component in the middle of the page. License and contribution instructions There must be something that guides relations between your project and its users. You have to decide under what conditions your software is distributed and can be used. There are lots of standard licenses available around the web, so it is up to you to pick the right one for your project. The most popular ones are: BSD, MIT, Apache GNU licenses. They are open source, so keep that in mind. Proprietary licenses vary a lot from project to project, so this can be a separate topic. If your project is open source then you are expecting people to contribute. Hence it will be very helpful for them to have some sort of guidance from you. Let them know where they can report issues, ask questions, what are the restrictions or prior assumption before contributing, where they can find issues, etc. Otherwise, you are about to lose a great number of thankful supporters and maintainers. Tips on writing documentation We will not be able to predict all the use cases and the way users will use your documentation. In general it is a great principle to keep imagining yourself as your user and organize everything based on this point of view. However, here is a short list of general tips every project documentation must follow: People will simply copy and paste your code. Keep this in mind and make sure to double check this yourself by executing it. Avoid placing some invisible characters to code examples. It is even better to use code and blockquote tags to embed code blocks. Keep your documentation updated. Every change in code must be followed by a relevant change in documentation. Otherwise documentation soon becomes outdated, which is equal to the absence of documentation. Code comments are a part of documentation. This is the last and very important one. If your project is open source, users are going to be reading through your code, hence inline comments will help them a lot. Furthermore, there are tools like JSDoc that generate documentation based on code comments! So you do not have to write anything in a separate file. Simply feed this tool with your codebase and, voila, you have the documentation. Tools to speed up the process Why would you want to write and create everything from scratch and by yourself if there are so many documentation tools available? Nowadays generating documentation, especially if you produce high-quality code with inline comments, is a matter of running a single command. So let’s overview documentation tools available in 2019. JSDoc is the most popular Javascript documentation generator. All you need to do is to simply run jsdoc command with a filename as an argument. That is it. It will generate HTML file with documentation that is ready to use. The website is https://github.com/jsdoc/jsdoc. Docusaurus is a more complex tool that allows you to generate entire documentation website based on markdown files with documentation contents. It is based on React and supports versioning, so you can easily maintain different versions of the documentation generated in the past. Other great benefits are embedded search and multi language support, which is crucial for popular repositories. The website is https://docusaurus.io/. apiDoc creates a documentation from API annotations in your source code. It is a great tool to generate documentation for a project that has and exposes lots of API methods. It allows us ​to customize everything a lot, e.g. specify parameters, error codes, response samples, etc. The website is http://apidocjs.com/ Great examples of JavaScript project documentation When creating something new it is good to have some sort of example, something you can refer to. So here is the list of various projects you may get your inspiration from. All of them are great, so pick one you like the most. Summary I hope that you found this article useful and it will help you a lot when creating documentation for your javascript project. Googling the Internet tells that documentation is a key to success in any Javascript project, and I strongly agree with this rule. Documentation is sort of a facade that people face and resort to when using your project. So always keep it updated and put yourself in place of your users! Originally published at flatlogic.com — React, Angular, Vue, Bootstrap & React Native templates and themes. Text source: https://flatlogic.com/blog/writing-documentation-for-your-javascript-project/

[riichardwilson]

Understanding Machines: An Open Standard For JavaScript Functions

About The Author

Kelvin Omereshone is the CTO at Quru Lab. Kelvin was formerly a Front-end engineer at myPadi.ng. He’s the creator of NUXtjs Africa community and very passionate … More about Kelvin …

In this article, Kelvin Omereshone introduces you to machines, an open standard for JavaScript functions. At the end of this article, you should be familiar with what machines are and how to implement them.

As developers, we always seek ways to do our job better, whether by following patterns, using well-written libraries and frameworks, or what have you. In this article, I’ll share with you a JavaScript specification for easily consumable functions. This article is intended for JavaScript developers, and you’ll learn how to write JavaScript functions with a universal API that makes it easy for those functions to be consumed. This would be particularly helpful for authoring npm packages (as we will see by the end of this article).

There is no special prerequisite for this article. If you can write a JavaScript function, then you’ll be able to follow along. With all that said, let’s dive in.

What Are Machines?

Machines are self-documenting and predictable JavaScript functions that follow the machine specification, written by Mike McNeil. A machine is characterized by the following:

It must have one clear purpose, whether it’s to send an email, issue a JSON Web Token, make a fetch request, etc.

It must follow the specification, which makes machines predictable for consumption via npm installations.

As an example, here is a collection of machines that provides simple and consistent APIs for working with Cloudinary. This collection exposes functions (machines) for uploading images, deleting images, and more. That’s all that machines are really: They just expose a simple and consistent API for working with JavaScript and Node.js functions.

Features of Machines

Machines are self-documenting. This means you can just look at a machine and knows what it’s doing and what it will run (the parameters). This feature really sold me on them. All machines are self-documenting, making them predictable.

Machines are quick to implement, as we will see. Using the machinepack tool for the command-line interface (CLI), we can quickly scaffold a machine and publish it to npm.

Machines are easy to debug. This is also because every machine has a standardized API. We can easily debug machines because they are predictable.

Are There Machines Out There?

You might be thinking, “If machines are so good, then why haven’t I heard about them until now?” In fact, they are already widely used. If you’ve used the Node.js MVC framework Sails.js, then you have either written a machine or interfaced with a couple. The author of Sails.js is also the author of the machine specification.

In addition to the Sails.js framework, you could browse available machines on npm by searching for machinepack, or head over to http://node-machine.org/machinepacks, which is machinepack’s registry daemon; it syncs with npm and updates every 10 minutes.

Machines are universal. As a package consumer, you will know what to expect. So, no more trying to guess the API of a particular package you’ve installed. If it’s a machine, then you can expect it to follow the same easy-to-use interface.

Now that we have a handle on what machines are, let’s look into the specification by analyzing a sample machine.

The Machine Specification

module.exports = { friendlyName: 'Do something', description: 'Do something with the provided inputs that results in one of the exit scenarios.', extendedDescription: 'This optional extended description can be used to communicate caveats, technical notes, or any other sort of additional information which might be helpful for users of this machine.', moreInfoUrl: 'https://stripe.com/docs/api#list_cards', sideEffects: 'cacheable', sync: true, inputs: { brand: { friendlyName: 'Some input', description: 'The brand of gummy worms.', extendedDescription: 'The provided value will be matched against all known gummy worm brands. The match is case-insensitive, and tolerant of typos within Levenstein edit distance

The snippet above is taken from the interactive example on the official website. Let’s dissect this machine.

From looking at the snippet above, we can see that a machine is an exported object containing certain standardized properties and a single function. Let’s first see what those properties are and why they are that way.

friendlyName This is a display name for the machine, and it follows these rules:

is sentence-case (like a normal sentence),

must not have ending punctuation,

must be fewer than 50 characters.

description This should be a clear one-sentence description in the imperative mood (i.e. the authoritative voice) of what the machine does. An example would be “Issue a JSON Web Token”, rather than “Issues a JSON Web Token”. Its only constraint is:

It should be fewer than 80 characters.

extendedDescription (optional) This property provides optional supplemental information, extending what was already said in the description property. In this field, you may use punctuation and complete sentences.

It should be fewer than 2000 characters.

moreInfoUrl (optional) This field contains a URL in which additional information about the inner workings or functionality of the machine can be found. This is particularly helpful for machines that communicate with third-party APIs such as GitHub and Auth0.

sideEffects (optional) This is an optional field that you can either omit or set as cacheable or idempotent. If set to cacheable, then .cache() can be used with this machine. Note that only machines that do not have sideEffects should be set to cacheable.

sync (optional) Machines are asynchronous by default. Setting the sync option to true turns off async for that machine, and you can then use it as a regular function (without async/await, or then()).

inputs

This is the specification or declaration of the values that the machine function expects. Let’s look at the different fields of a machine’s input.

brand Using the machine snippet above as our guide, the brand field is called the input key. It is normally camel-cased, and it must be an alphanumeric string starting with a lowercase letter.

No special characters are allowed in an input key identifier or field.

friendlyName This is a human-readable display name for the input. It should:

be sentence-case,

have no ending punctuation,

be fewer than 50 characters.

description This is a short description describing the input’s use.

extendedDescription Just like the extendedDescription field on the machine itself, this field provides supplemental information about this particular input.

moreInfoUrl This is an optional URL that provides more information about the input, if needed.

required By default, every input is optional. What that means is that if, by runtime, no value is provided for an input, then the fn would be undefined. If your inputs are not optional, then it’s best to set this field as true because this would make the machine throw an error.

example This field is used to determined the expected data type of the input.

whereToGet This is an optional documentation object that provides additional information on how to locate adequate values for this input. This is particularly useful for things like API keys, tokens, and so on.

whereToGet.description This is a clear one-sentence description, also in the imperative mood, that describes how to find the right value for this input.

extendedDescription This provides additional information on where to get a suitable input value for this machine.

exits

This is the specification for all possible exit callbacks that this machine’s fn implementation can trigger. This implies that each exit represents one possible outcome of the machine’s execution.

success This is the standardized exit key in the machine specification that signifies that everything went well and the machine worked without any errors. Let’s look at the properties it could expose:

outputFriendlyName This is simply a display name for the exit output.

outputDescription This short noun phrase describes the output of an exit.

Other exits signify that something went wrong and that the machine encountered an error. The naming convention for such exits should follow the naming convention for the input’s key. Let’s see the fields under such exits:

description This is a short description describing when the exit would be called.

extendedDescription This provides additional information about when this exit would be called. It’s optional. You may use full Markdown syntax in this field, and as usual, it should be fewer than 2000 characters.

You Made It!

That was a lot to take in. But don’t worry: When you start authoring machines, these conventions will stick, especially after your first machine, which we will write together shortly. But first…

Machinepacks

When authoring machines, machinepacks are what you publish on npm. They are simply sets of related utilities for performing common, repetitive development tasks with Node.js. So let’s say you have a machinepack that works with arrays; it would be a bundle of machines that works on arrays, like concat(), map(), etc. See the Arrays machinepack in the registry to get a full view.

Machinepacks Naming Convention

All machinepacks must follow the standard of having “machinepack-” as a prefix, followed by the name of the machine. For example, machinepack-array, machinepack-sessionauth.

Our First Machinepack

To better understand machines, we will write and publish a machinepack that is a wrapper for the file-contributors npm package.

Getting Started

We require the following to craft our machinepack:

Machinepack CLI tool You can get it by running:

npm install -g machinepack

Yeoman scaffolding tool Install it globally by running:

npm install -g yo

Machinepack Yeomen generator Install it like so:

npm install -g generator-machinepack

Note: I am assuming that Node.js and npm are already installed on your machine.

Generating Your First Machinepack

Using the CLI tools that we installed above, let’s generate a new machinepack using the machinepack generator. Do this by first going into the directory that you want the generator to generate the files in, and then run the following:

yo machinepack

The command above will start an interactive process of generating a barebones machinepack for you. It will ask you a couple of questions; be sure to say yes to it creating an example machine.

Note: I noticed that the Yeoman generator has some issues when using Node.js 12 or 13. So, I recommend using nvm, and install Node.js 10.x, which is the environment that worked for me.

If everything has gone as planned, then we would have generated the base layer of our machinepack. Let’s take a peek:

DELETE_THIS_FILE.md machines/ package.json package.lock.json README.md index.js node_modules/

The above are the files generated for you. Let’s play with our example machine, found inside the machines directory. Because we have the machinepack CLI tool installed, we could run the following:

machinepack ls

This would list the available machines in our machines directory. Currently, there is one, the say-hello machine. Let’s find out what say-hello does by running this:

machinepack exec say-hello

This will prompt you for a name to enter, and it will print the output of the say-hello machine.

As you’ll notice, the CLI tool is leveraging the standardization of machines to get the machine’s description and functionality. Pretty neat!

Let’s Make A Machine

Let’s add our own machine, which will wrap the file-contributors and node-fetch packages (we will also need to install those with npm). So, run this:

npm install file-contributors node-fetch --save

Then, add a new machine by running:

machinepack add

You will be prompted to fill in the friendly name, the description (optional), and the extended description (also optional) for the machine. After that, you will have successfully generated your machine.

Now, let’s flesh out the functionality of this machine. Open the new machine that you generated in your editor. Then, require the file-contributors package, like so:

const fetch = require('node-fetch'); const getFileContributors = require('file-contributors').default; global.fetch = fetch; // workaround since file-contributors uses windows.fetch() internally

Note: We are using node-fetch package and the global.fetch = fetch workaround because the file-contributors package uses windows.fetch() internally, which is not available in Node.js.

The file-contributors’ getFileContributors requires three parameters to work: owner (the owner of the repository), repo (the repository), and path (the path to the file). So, if you’ve been following along, then you’ll know that these would go in our inputs key. Let’s add these now:

... inputs: { owner: { friendlyName: 'Owner', description: 'The owner of the repository', required: true, example: 'DominusKelvin' }, repo: { friendlyName: 'Repository', description: 'The Github repository', required: true, example: 'machinepack-filecontributors' }, path: { friendlyName: 'Path', description: 'The relative path to the file', required: true, example: 'README.md' } }, ...

Now, let’s add the exits. Originally, the CLI added a success exit for us. We would modify this and then add another exit in case things don’t go as planned.

exits: { success: { outputFriendlyName: 'File Contributors', outputDescription: 'An array of the contributors on a particular file', variableName: 'fileContributors', description: 'Done.', }, error: { description: 'An error occurred trying to get file contributors' } },

Finally let’s craft the meat of the machine, which is the fn:

fn: function(inputs, exits) { const contributors = getFileContributors(inputs.owner, inputs.repo, inputs.path) .then(contributors => { return exits.success(contributors) }).catch((error) => { return exits.error(error) }) },

And voilà! We have crafted our first machine. Let’s try it out using the CLI by running the following:

machinepack exec get-file-contributors

A prompt would appear asking for owner, repo, and path, successively. If everything has gone as planned, then our machine will exit with success, and we will see an array of the contributors for the repository file we’ve specified.

Usage In Code

I know we won’t be using the CLI for consuming the machinepack in our code base. So, below is a snippet of how we’d consume machines from a machinepack:

var FileContributors = require('machinepack-filecontributors'); // Fetch metadata about a repository on GitHub. FileContributors.getFileContributors({ owner: 'DominusKelvin', repo: 'vue-cli-plugin-chakra-ui', path: 'README.md' }).exec({ // An unexpected error occurred. error: function (){ }, // OK. success: function (contributors){ console.log('Got:\n', contributors); }, });

Conclusion

Congratulations! You’ve just become familiar with the machine specification, created your own machine, and seen how to consume machines. I’ll be glad to see the machines you create.

Resources

Check out the repository for this article. The npm package we created is also available on npm.

(ra, il, al)

Website Design & SEO Delray Beach by DBL07.co

Delray Beach SEO

source http://www.scpie.org/understanding-machines-an-open-standard-for-javascript-functions/ source https://scpie.tumblr.com/post/618771683413786624

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Understanding Machines: An Open Standard For JavaScript Functions

About The Author

Kelvin Omereshone is the CTO at Quru Lab. Kelvin was formerly a Front-end engineer at myPadi.ng. He’s the creator of NUXtjs Africa community and very passionate … More about Kelvin …

In this article, Kelvin Omereshone introduces you to machines, an open standard for JavaScript functions. At the end of this article, you should be familiar with what machines are and how to implement them.

As developers, we always seek ways to do our job better, whether by following patterns, using well-written libraries and frameworks, or what have you. In this article, I’ll share with you a JavaScript specification for easily consumable functions. This article is intended for JavaScript developers, and you’ll learn how to write JavaScript functions with a universal API that makes it easy for those functions to be consumed. This would be particularly helpful for authoring npm packages (as we will see by the end of this article).

There is no special prerequisite for this article. If you can write a JavaScript function, then you’ll be able to follow along. With all that said, let’s dive in.

What Are Machines?

Machines are self-documenting and predictable JavaScript functions that follow the machine specification, written by Mike McNeil. A machine is characterized by the following:

It must have one clear purpose, whether it’s to send an email, issue a JSON Web Token, make a fetch request, etc.

It must follow the specification, which makes machines predictable for consumption via npm installations.

As an example, here is a collection of machines that provides simple and consistent APIs for working with Cloudinary. This collection exposes functions (machines) for uploading images, deleting images, and more. That’s all that machines are really: They just expose a simple and consistent API for working with JavaScript and Node.js functions.

Features of Machines

Machines are self-documenting. This means you can just look at a machine and knows what it’s doing and what it will run (the parameters). This feature really sold me on them. All machines are self-documenting, making them predictable.

Machines are quick to implement, as we will see. Using the machinepack tool for the command-line interface (CLI), we can quickly scaffold a machine and publish it to npm.

Machines are easy to debug. This is also because every machine has a standardized API. We can easily debug machines because they are predictable.

Are There Machines Out There?

You might be thinking, “If machines are so good, then why haven’t I heard about them until now?” In fact, they are already widely used. If you’ve used the Node.js MVC framework Sails.js, then you have either written a machine or interfaced with a couple. The author of Sails.js is also the author of the machine specification.

In addition to the Sails.js framework, you could browse available machines on npm by searching for machinepack, or head over to http://node-machine.org/machinepacks, which is machinepack’s registry daemon; it syncs with npm and updates every 10 minutes.

Machines are universal. As a package consumer, you will know what to expect. So, no more trying to guess the API of a particular package you’ve installed. If it’s a machine, then you can expect it to follow the same easy-to-use interface.

Now that we have a handle on what machines are, let’s look into the specification by analyzing a sample machine.

The Machine Specification

module.exports = { friendlyName: 'Do something', description: 'Do something with the provided inputs that results in one of the exit scenarios.', extendedDescription: 'This optional extended description can be used to communicate caveats, technical notes, or any other sort of additional information which might be helpful for users of this machine.', moreInfoUrl: 'https://stripe.com/docs/api#list_cards', sideEffects: 'cacheable', sync: true, inputs: { brand: { friendlyName: 'Some input', description: 'The brand of gummy worms.', extendedDescription: 'The provided value will be matched against all known gummy worm brands. The match is case-insensitive, and tolerant of typos within Levenstein edit distance

The snippet above is taken from the interactive example on the official website. Let’s dissect this machine.

From looking at the snippet above, we can see that a machine is an exported object containing certain standardized properties and a single function. Let’s first see what those properties are and why they are that way.

friendlyName This is a display name for the machine, and it follows these rules:

is sentence-case (like a normal sentence),

must not have ending punctuation,

must be fewer than 50 characters.

description This should be a clear one-sentence description in the imperative mood (i.e. the authoritative voice) of what the machine does. An example would be “Issue a JSON Web Token”, rather than “Issues a JSON Web Token”. Its only constraint is:

It should be fewer than 80 characters.

extendedDescription (optional) This property provides optional supplemental information, extending what was already said in the description property. In this field, you may use punctuation and complete sentences.

It should be fewer than 2000 characters.

moreInfoUrl (optional) This field contains a URL in which additional information about the inner workings or functionality of the machine can be found. This is particularly helpful for machines that communicate with third-party APIs such as GitHub and Auth0.

sideEffects (optional) This is an optional field that you can either omit or set as cacheable or idempotent. If set to cacheable, then .cache() can be used with this machine. Note that only machines that do not have sideEffects should be set to cacheable.

sync (optional) Machines are asynchronous by default. Setting the sync option to true turns off async for that machine, and you can then use it as a regular function (without async/await, or then()).

inputs

This is the specification or declaration of the values that the machine function expects. Let’s look at the different fields of a machine’s input.

brand Using the machine snippet above as our guide, the brand field is called the input key. It is normally camel-cased, and it must be an alphanumeric string starting with a lowercase letter.

No special characters are allowed in an input key identifier or field.

friendlyName This is a human-readable display name for the input. It should:

be sentence-case,

have no ending punctuation,

be fewer than 50 characters.

description This is a short description describing the input’s use.

extendedDescription Just like the extendedDescription field on the machine itself, this field provides supplemental information about this particular input.

moreInfoUrl This is an optional URL that provides more information about the input, if needed.

required By default, every input is optional. What that means is that if, by runtime, no value is provided for an input, then the fn would be undefined. If your inputs are not optional, then it’s best to set this field as true because this would make the machine throw an error.

example This field is used to determined the expected data type of the input.

whereToGet This is an optional documentation object that provides additional information on how to locate adequate values for this input. This is particularly useful for things like API keys, tokens, and so on.

whereToGet.description This is a clear one-sentence description, also in the imperative mood, that describes how to find the right value for this input.

extendedDescription This provides additional information on where to get a suitable input value for this machine.

exits

This is the specification for all possible exit callbacks that this machine’s fn implementation can trigger. This implies that each exit represents one possible outcome of the machine’s execution.

success This is the standardized exit key in the machine specification that signifies that everything went well and the machine worked without any errors. Let’s look at the properties it could expose:

outputFriendlyName This is simply a display name for the exit output.

outputDescription This short noun phrase describes the output of an exit.

Other exits signify that something went wrong and that the machine encountered an error. The naming convention for such exits should follow the naming convention for the input’s key. Let’s see the fields under such exits:

description This is a short description describing when the exit would be called.

extendedDescription This provides additional information about when this exit would be called. It’s optional. You may use full Markdown syntax in this field, and as usual, it should be fewer than 2000 characters.

You Made It!

That was a lot to take in. But don’t worry: When you start authoring machines, these conventions will stick, especially after your first machine, which we will write together shortly. But first…

Machinepacks

When authoring machines, machinepacks are what you publish on npm. They are simply sets of related utilities for performing common, repetitive development tasks with Node.js. So let’s say you have a machinepack that works with arrays; it would be a bundle of machines that works on arrays, like concat(), map(), etc. See the Arrays machinepack in the registry to get a full view.

Machinepacks Naming Convention

All machinepacks must follow the standard of having “machinepack-” as a prefix, followed by the name of the machine. For example, machinepack-array, machinepack-sessionauth.

Our First Machinepack

To better understand machines, we will write and publish a machinepack that is a wrapper for the file-contributors npm package.

Getting Started

We require the following to craft our machinepack:

Machinepack CLI tool You can get it by running:

npm install -g machinepack

Yeoman scaffolding tool Install it globally by running:

npm install -g yo

Machinepack Yeomen generator Install it like so:

npm install -g generator-machinepack

Note: I am assuming that Node.js and npm are already installed on your machine.

Generating Your First Machinepack

Using the CLI tools that we installed above, let’s generate a new machinepack using the machinepack generator. Do this by first going into the directory that you want the generator to generate the files in, and then run the following:

yo machinepack

The command above will start an interactive process of generating a barebones machinepack for you. It will ask you a couple of questions; be sure to say yes to it creating an example machine.

Note: I noticed that the Yeoman generator has some issues when using Node.js 12 or 13. So, I recommend using nvm, and install Node.js 10.x, which is the environment that worked for me.

If everything has gone as planned, then we would have generated the base layer of our machinepack. Let’s take a peek:

DELETE_THIS_FILE.mdmachines/package.jsonpackage.lock.jsonREADME.mdindex.jsnode_modules/

The above are the files generated for you. Let’s play with our example machine, found inside the machines directory. Because we have the machinepack CLI tool installed, we could run the following:

machinepack ls

This would list the available machines in our machines directory. Currently, there is one, the say-hello machine. Let’s find out what say-hello does by running this:

machinepack exec say-hello

This will prompt you for a name to enter, and it will print the output of the say-hello machine.

As you’ll notice, the CLI tool is leveraging the standardization of machines to get the machine’s description and functionality. Pretty neat!

Let’s Make A Machine

Let’s add our own machine, which will wrap the file-contributors and node-fetch packages (we will also need to install those with npm). So, run this:

npm install file-contributors node-fetch --save

Then, add a new machine by running:

machinepack add

You will be prompted to fill in the friendly name, the description (optional), and the extended description (also optional) for the machine. After that, you will have successfully generated your machine.

Now, let’s flesh out the functionality of this machine. Open the new machine that you generated in your editor. Then, require the file-contributors package, like so:

const fetch = require('node-fetch');const getFileContributors = require('file-contributors').default; global.fetch = fetch; // workaround since file-contributors uses windows.fetch() internally

Note: We are using node-fetch package and the global.fetch = fetch workaround because the file-contributors package uses windows.fetch() internally, which is not available in Node.js.

The file-contributors’ getFileContributors requires three parameters to work: owner (the owner of the repository), repo (the repository), and path (the path to the file). So, if you’ve been following along, then you’ll know that these would go in our inputs key. Let’s add these now:

... inputs: { owner: { friendlyName: 'Owner', description: 'The owner of the repository', required: true, example: 'DominusKelvin' }, repo: { friendlyName: 'Repository', description: 'The Github repository', required: true, example: 'machinepack-filecontributors' }, path: { friendlyName: 'Path', description: 'The relative path to the file', required: true, example: 'README.md' } },...

Now, let’s add the exits. Originally, the CLI added a success exit for us. We would modify this and then add another exit in case things don’t go as planned.

exits: { success: { outputFriendlyName: 'File Contributors', outputDescription: 'An array of the contributors on a particular file', variableName: 'fileContributors', description: 'Done.', }, error: { description: 'An error occurred trying to get file contributors' } },

Finally let’s craft the meat of the machine, which is the fn:

fn: function(inputs, exits) { const contributors = getFileContributors(inputs.owner, inputs.repo, inputs.path) .then(contributors => { return exits.success(contributors) }).catch((error) => { return exits.error(error) }) },

And voilà! We have crafted our first machine. Let’s try it out using the CLI by running the following:

machinepack exec get-file-contributors

A prompt would appear asking for owner, repo, and path, successively. If everything has gone as planned, then our machine will exit with success, and we will see an array of the contributors for the repository file we’ve specified.

Usage In Code

I know we won’t be using the CLI for consuming the machinepack in our code base. So, below is a snippet of how we’d consume machines from a machinepack:

var FileContributors = require('machinepack-filecontributors'); // Fetch metadata about a repository on GitHub.FileContributors.getFileContributors({ owner: 'DominusKelvin', repo: 'vue-cli-plugin-chakra-ui', path: 'README.md' }).exec({ // An unexpected error occurred. error: function (){ }, // OK. success: function (contributors){ console.log('Got:\n', contributors); },});

Conclusion

Congratulations! You’ve just become familiar with the machine specification, created your own machine, and seen how to consume machines. I’ll be glad to see the machines you create.

Resources

Check out the repository for this article. The npm package we created is also available on npm.

(ra, il, al)

Website Design & SEO Delray Beach by DBL07.co

Delray Beach SEO

Via http://www.scpie.org/understanding-machines-an-open-standard-for-javascript-functions/

source https://scpie.weebly.com/blog/understanding-machines-an-open-standard-for-javascript-functions

[scpie]

Understanding Machines: An Open Standard For JavaScript Functions

About The Author

Kelvin Omereshone is the CTO at Quru Lab. Kelvin was formerly a Front-end engineer at myPadi.ng. He’s the creator of NUXtjs Africa community and very passionate … More about Kelvin …

In this article, Kelvin Omereshone introduces you to machines, an open standard for JavaScript functions. At the end of this article, you should be familiar with what machines are and how to implement them.

As developers, we always seek ways to do our job better, whether by following patterns, using well-written libraries and frameworks, or what have you. In this article, I’ll share with you a JavaScript specification for easily consumable functions. This article is intended for JavaScript developers, and you’ll learn how to write JavaScript functions with a universal API that makes it easy for those functions to be consumed. This would be particularly helpful for authoring npm packages (as we will see by the end of this article).

There is no special prerequisite for this article. If you can write a JavaScript function, then you’ll be able to follow along. With all that said, let’s dive in.

What Are Machines?

Machines are self-documenting and predictable JavaScript functions that follow the machine specification, written by Mike McNeil. A machine is characterized by the following:

It must have one clear purpose, whether it’s to send an email, issue a JSON Web Token, make a fetch request, etc.

It must follow the specification, which makes machines predictable for consumption via npm installations.

As an example, here is a collection of machines that provides simple and consistent APIs for working with Cloudinary. This collection exposes functions (machines) for uploading images, deleting images, and more. That’s all that machines are really: They just expose a simple and consistent API for working with JavaScript and Node.js functions.

Features of Machines

Machines are self-documenting. This means you can just look at a machine and knows what it’s doing and what it will run (the parameters). This feature really sold me on them. All machines are self-documenting, making them predictable.

Machines are quick to implement, as we will see. Using the machinepack tool for the command-line interface (CLI), we can quickly scaffold a machine and publish it to npm.

Machines are easy to debug. This is also because every machine has a standardized API. We can easily debug machines because they are predictable.

Are There Machines Out There?

You might be thinking, “If machines are so good, then why haven’t I heard about them until now?” In fact, they are already widely used. If you’ve used the Node.js MVC framework Sails.js, then you have either written a machine or interfaced with a couple. The author of Sails.js is also the author of the machine specification.

In addition to the Sails.js framework, you could browse available machines on npm by searching for machinepack, or head over to http://node-machine.org/machinepacks, which is machinepack’s registry daemon; it syncs with npm and updates every 10 minutes.

Machines are universal. As a package consumer, you will know what to expect. So, no more trying to guess the API of a particular package you’ve installed. If it’s a machine, then you can expect it to follow the same easy-to-use interface.

Now that we have a handle on what machines are, let’s look into the specification by analyzing a sample machine.

The Machine Specification

module.exports = { friendlyName: 'Do something', description: 'Do something with the provided inputs that results in one of the exit scenarios.', extendedDescription: 'This optional extended description can be used to communicate caveats, technical notes, or any other sort of additional information which might be helpful for users of this machine.', moreInfoUrl: 'https://stripe.com/docs/api#list_cards', sideEffects: 'cacheable', sync: true, inputs: { brand: { friendlyName: 'Some input', description: 'The brand of gummy worms.', extendedDescription: 'The provided value will be matched against all known gummy worm brands. The match is case-insensitive, and tolerant of typos within Levenstein edit distance

The snippet above is taken from the interactive example on the official website. Let’s dissect this machine.

From looking at the snippet above, we can see that a machine is an exported object containing certain standardized properties and a single function. Let’s first see what those properties are and why they are that way.

friendlyName This is a display name for the machine, and it follows these rules:

is sentence-case (like a normal sentence),

must not have ending punctuation,

must be fewer than 50 characters.

description This should be a clear one-sentence description in the imperative mood (i.e. the authoritative voice) of what the machine does. An example would be “Issue a JSON Web Token”, rather than “Issues a JSON Web Token”. Its only constraint is:

It should be fewer than 80 characters.

extendedDescription (optional) This property provides optional supplemental information, extending what was already said in the description property. In this field, you may use punctuation and complete sentences.

It should be fewer than 2000 characters.

moreInfoUrl (optional) This field contains a URL in which additional information about the inner workings or functionality of the machine can be found. This is particularly helpful for machines that communicate with third-party APIs such as GitHub and Auth0.

sideEffects (optional) This is an optional field that you can either omit or set as cacheable or idempotent. If set to cacheable, then .cache() can be used with this machine. Note that only machines that do not have sideEffects should be set to cacheable.

sync (optional) Machines are asynchronous by default. Setting the sync option to true turns off async for that machine, and you can then use it as a regular function (without async/await, or then()).

inputs

This is the specification or declaration of the values that the machine function expects. Let’s look at the different fields of a machine’s input.

brand Using the machine snippet above as our guide, the brand field is called the input key. It is normally camel-cased, and it must be an alphanumeric string starting with a lowercase letter.

No special characters are allowed in an input key identifier or field.

friendlyName This is a human-readable display name for the input. It should:

be sentence-case,

have no ending punctuation,

be fewer than 50 characters.

description This is a short description describing the input’s use.

extendedDescription Just like the extendedDescription field on the machine itself, this field provides supplemental information about this particular input.

moreInfoUrl This is an optional URL that provides more information about the input, if needed.

required By default, every input is optional. What that means is that if, by runtime, no value is provided for an input, then the fn would be undefined. If your inputs are not optional, then it’s best to set this field as true because this would make the machine throw an error.

example This field is used to determined the expected data type of the input.

whereToGet This is an optional documentation object that provides additional information on how to locate adequate values for this input. This is particularly useful for things like API keys, tokens, and so on.

whereToGet.description This is a clear one-sentence description, also in the imperative mood, that describes how to find the right value for this input.

extendedDescription This provides additional information on where to get a suitable input value for this machine.

exits

This is the specification for all possible exit callbacks that this machine’s fn implementation can trigger. This implies that each exit represents one possible outcome of the machine’s execution.

success This is the standardized exit key in the machine specification that signifies that everything went well and the machine worked without any errors. Let’s look at the properties it could expose:

outputFriendlyName This is simply a display name for the exit output.

outputDescription This short noun phrase describes the output of an exit.

Other exits signify that something went wrong and that the machine encountered an error. The naming convention for such exits should follow the naming convention for the input’s key. Let’s see the fields under such exits:

description This is a short description describing when the exit would be called.

extendedDescription This provides additional information about when this exit would be called. It’s optional. You may use full Markdown syntax in this field, and as usual, it should be fewer than 2000 characters.

You Made It!

That was a lot to take in. But don’t worry: When you start authoring machines, these conventions will stick, especially after your first machine, which we will write together shortly. But first…

Machinepacks

When authoring machines, machinepacks are what you publish on npm. They are simply sets of related utilities for performing common, repetitive development tasks with Node.js. So let’s say you have a machinepack that works with arrays; it would be a bundle of machines that works on arrays, like concat(), map(), etc. See the Arrays machinepack in the registry to get a full view.

Machinepacks Naming Convention

All machinepacks must follow the standard of having “machinepack-” as a prefix, followed by the name of the machine. For example, machinepack-array, machinepack-sessionauth.

Our First Machinepack

To better understand machines, we will write and publish a machinepack that is a wrapper for the file-contributors npm package.

Getting Started

We require the following to craft our machinepack:

Machinepack CLI tool You can get it by running:

npm install -g machinepack

Yeoman scaffolding tool Install it globally by running:

npm install -g yo

Machinepack Yeomen generator Install it like so:

npm install -g generator-machinepack

Note: I am assuming that Node.js and npm are already installed on your machine.

Generating Your First Machinepack

Using the CLI tools that we installed above, let’s generate a new machinepack using the machinepack generator. Do this by first going into the directory that you want the generator to generate the files in, and then run the following:

yo machinepack

The command above will start an interactive process of generating a barebones machinepack for you. It will ask you a couple of questions; be sure to say yes to it creating an example machine.

Note: I noticed that the Yeoman generator has some issues when using Node.js 12 or 13. So, I recommend using nvm, and install Node.js 10.x, which is the environment that worked for me.

If everything has gone as planned, then we would have generated the base layer of our machinepack. Let’s take a peek:

DELETE_THIS_FILE.md machines/ package.json package.lock.json README.md index.js node_modules/

The above are the files generated for you. Let’s play with our example machine, found inside the machines directory. Because we have the machinepack CLI tool installed, we could run the following:

machinepack ls

This would list the available machines in our machines directory. Currently, there is one, the say-hello machine. Let’s find out what say-hello does by running this:

machinepack exec say-hello

This will prompt you for a name to enter, and it will print the output of the say-hello machine.

As you’ll notice, the CLI tool is leveraging the standardization of machines to get the machine’s description and functionality. Pretty neat!

Let’s Make A Machine

Let’s add our own machine, which will wrap the file-contributors and node-fetch packages (we will also need to install those with npm). So, run this:

npm install file-contributors node-fetch --save

Then, add a new machine by running:

machinepack add

You will be prompted to fill in the friendly name, the description (optional), and the extended description (also optional) for the machine. After that, you will have successfully generated your machine.

Now, let’s flesh out the functionality of this machine. Open the new machine that you generated in your editor. Then, require the file-contributors package, like so:

const fetch = require('node-fetch'); const getFileContributors = require('file-contributors').default; global.fetch = fetch; // workaround since file-contributors uses windows.fetch() internally

Note: We are using node-fetch package and the global.fetch = fetch workaround because the file-contributors package uses windows.fetch() internally, which is not available in Node.js.

The file-contributors’ getFileContributors requires three parameters to work: owner (the owner of the repository), repo (the repository), and path (the path to the file). So, if you’ve been following along, then you’ll know that these would go in our inputs key. Let’s add these now:

... inputs: { owner: { friendlyName: 'Owner', description: 'The owner of the repository', required: true, example: 'DominusKelvin' }, repo: { friendlyName: 'Repository', description: 'The Github repository', required: true, example: 'machinepack-filecontributors' }, path: { friendlyName: 'Path', description: 'The relative path to the file', required: true, example: 'README.md' } }, ...

Now, let’s add the exits. Originally, the CLI added a success exit for us. We would modify this and then add another exit in case things don’t go as planned.

exits: { success: { outputFriendlyName: 'File Contributors', outputDescription: 'An array of the contributors on a particular file', variableName: 'fileContributors', description: 'Done.', }, error: { description: 'An error occurred trying to get file contributors' } },

Finally let’s craft the meat of the machine, which is the fn:

fn: function(inputs, exits) { const contributors = getFileContributors(inputs.owner, inputs.repo, inputs.path) .then(contributors => { return exits.success(contributors) }).catch((error) => { return exits.error(error) }) },

And voilà! We have crafted our first machine. Let’s try it out using the CLI by running the following:

machinepack exec get-file-contributors

A prompt would appear asking for owner, repo, and path, successively. If everything has gone as planned, then our machine will exit with success, and we will see an array of the contributors for the repository file we’ve specified.

Usage In Code

I know we won’t be using the CLI for consuming the machinepack in our code base. So, below is a snippet of how we’d consume machines from a machinepack:

var FileContributors = require('machinepack-filecontributors'); // Fetch metadata about a repository on GitHub. FileContributors.getFileContributors({ owner: 'DominusKelvin', repo: 'vue-cli-plugin-chakra-ui', path: 'README.md' }).exec({ // An unexpected error occurred. error: function (){ }, // OK. success: function (contributors){ console.log('Got:\n', contributors); }, });

Conclusion

Congratulations! You’ve just become familiar with the machine specification, created your own machine, and seen how to consume machines. I’ll be glad to see the machines you create.

Resources

Check out the repository for this article. The npm package we created is also available on npm.

(ra, il, al)

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Understanding Machines: An Open Standard For JavaScript Functions

About The Author

Kelvin Omereshone is the CTO at Quru Lab. Kelvin was formerly a Front-end engineer at myPadi.ng. He’s the creator of NUXtjs Africa community and very passionate … More about Kelvin …

In this article, Kelvin Omereshone introduces you to machines, an open standard for JavaScript functions. At the end of this article, you should be familiar with what machines are and how to implement them.

As developers, we always seek ways to do our job better, whether by following patterns, using well-written libraries and frameworks, or what have you. In this article, I’ll share with you a JavaScript specification for easily consumable functions. This article is intended for JavaScript developers, and you’ll learn how to write JavaScript functions with a universal API that makes it easy for those functions to be consumed. This would be particularly helpful for authoring npm packages (as we will see by the end of this article).

There is no special prerequisite for this article. If you can write a JavaScript function, then you’ll be able to follow along. With all that said, let’s dive in.

What Are Machines?

Machines are self-documenting and predictable JavaScript functions that follow the machine specification, written by Mike McNeil. A machine is characterized by the following:

It must have one clear purpose, whether it’s to send an email, issue a JSON Web Token, make a fetch request, etc.

It must follow the specification, which makes machines predictable for consumption via npm installations.

As an example, here is a collection of machines that provides simple and consistent APIs for working with Cloudinary. This collection exposes functions (machines) for uploading images, deleting images, and more. That’s all that machines are really: They just expose a simple and consistent API for working with JavaScript and Node.js functions.

Features of Machines

Machines are self-documenting. This means you can just look at a machine and knows what it’s doing and what it will run (the parameters). This feature really sold me on them. All machines are self-documenting, making them predictable.

Machines are quick to implement, as we will see. Using the machinepack tool for the command-line interface (CLI), we can quickly scaffold a machine and publish it to npm.

Machines are easy to debug. This is also because every machine has a standardized API. We can easily debug machines because they are predictable.

Are There Machines Out There?

You might be thinking, “If machines are so good, then why haven’t I heard about them until now?” In fact, they are already widely used. If you’ve used the Node.js MVC framework Sails.js, then you have either written a machine or interfaced with a couple. The author of Sails.js is also the author of the machine specification.

In addition to the Sails.js framework, you could browse available machines on npm by searching for machinepack, or head over to http://node-machine.org/machinepacks, which is machinepack’s registry daemon; it syncs with npm and updates every 10 minutes.

Machines are universal. As a package consumer, you will know what to expect. So, no more trying to guess the API of a particular package you’ve installed. If it’s a machine, then you can expect it to follow the same easy-to-use interface.

Now that we have a handle on what machines are, let’s look into the specification by analyzing a sample machine.

The Machine Specification

module.exports = { friendlyName: 'Do something', description: 'Do something with the provided inputs that results in one of the exit scenarios.', extendedDescription: 'This optional extended description can be used to communicate caveats, technical notes, or any other sort of additional information which might be helpful for users of this machine.', moreInfoUrl: 'https://stripe.com/docs/api#list_cards', sideEffects: 'cacheable', sync: true, inputs: { brand: { friendlyName: 'Some input', description: 'The brand of gummy worms.', extendedDescription: 'The provided value will be matched against all known gummy worm brands. The match is case-insensitive, and tolerant of typos within Levenstein edit distance

The snippet above is taken from the interactive example on the official website. Let’s dissect this machine.

From looking at the snippet above, we can see that a machine is an exported object containing certain standardized properties and a single function. Let’s first see what those properties are and why they are that way.

friendlyName This is a display name for the machine, and it follows these rules:

is sentence-case (like a normal sentence),

must not have ending punctuation,

must be fewer than 50 characters.

description This should be a clear one-sentence description in the imperative mood (i.e. the authoritative voice) of what the machine does. An example would be “Issue a JSON Web Token”, rather than “Issues a JSON Web Token”. Its only constraint is:

It should be fewer than 80 characters.

extendedDescription (optional) This property provides optional supplemental information, extending what was already said in the description property. In this field, you may use punctuation and complete sentences.

It should be fewer than 2000 characters.

moreInfoUrl (optional) This field contains a URL in which additional information about the inner workings or functionality of the machine can be found. This is particularly helpful for machines that communicate with third-party APIs such as GitHub and Auth0.

sideEffects (optional) This is an optional field that you can either omit or set as cacheable or idempotent. If set to cacheable, then .cache() can be used with this machine. Note that only machines that do not have sideEffects should be set to cacheable.

sync (optional) Machines are asynchronous by default. Setting the sync option to true turns off async for that machine, and you can then use it as a regular function (without async/await, or then()).

inputs

This is the specification or declaration of the values that the machine function expects. Let’s look at the different fields of a machine’s input.

brand Using the machine snippet above as our guide, the brand field is called the input key. It is normally camel-cased, and it must be an alphanumeric string starting with a lowercase letter.

No special characters are allowed in an input key identifier or field.

friendlyName This is a human-readable display name for the input. It should:

be sentence-case,

have no ending punctuation,

be fewer than 50 characters.

description This is a short description describing the input’s use.

extendedDescription Just like the extendedDescription field on the machine itself, this field provides supplemental information about this particular input.

moreInfoUrl This is an optional URL that provides more information about the input, if needed.

required By default, every input is optional. What that means is that if, by runtime, no value is provided for an input, then the fn would be undefined. If your inputs are not optional, then it’s best to set this field as true because this would make the machine throw an error.

example This field is used to determined the expected data type of the input.

whereToGet This is an optional documentation object that provides additional information on how to locate adequate values for this input. This is particularly useful for things like API keys, tokens, and so on.

whereToGet.description This is a clear one-sentence description, also in the imperative mood, that describes how to find the right value for this input.

extendedDescription This provides additional information on where to get a suitable input value for this machine.

exits

This is the specification for all possible exit callbacks that this machine’s fn implementation can trigger. This implies that each exit represents one possible outcome of the machine’s execution.

success This is the standardized exit key in the machine specification that signifies that everything went well and the machine worked without any errors. Let’s look at the properties it could expose:

outputFriendlyName This is simply a display name for the exit output.

outputDescription This short noun phrase describes the output of an exit.

Other exits signify that something went wrong and that the machine encountered an error. The naming convention for such exits should follow the naming convention for the input’s key. Let’s see the fields under such exits:

description This is a short description describing when the exit would be called.

extendedDescription This provides additional information about when this exit would be called. It’s optional. You may use full Markdown syntax in this field, and as usual, it should be fewer than 2000 characters.

You Made It!

That was a lot to take in. But don’t worry: When you start authoring machines, these conventions will stick, especially after your first machine, which we will write together shortly. But first…

Machinepacks

When authoring machines, machinepacks are what you publish on npm. They are simply sets of related utilities for performing common, repetitive development tasks with Node.js. So let’s say you have a machinepack that works with arrays; it would be a bundle of machines that works on arrays, like concat(), map(), etc. See the Arrays machinepack in the registry to get a full view.

Machinepacks Naming Convention

All machinepacks must follow the standard of having “machinepack-” as a prefix, followed by the name of the machine. For example, machinepack-array, machinepack-sessionauth.

Our First Machinepack

To better understand machines, we will write and publish a machinepack that is a wrapper for the file-contributors npm package.

Getting Started

We require the following to craft our machinepack:

Machinepack CLI tool You can get it by running:

npm install -g machinepack

Yeoman scaffolding tool Install it globally by running:

npm install -g yo

Machinepack Yeomen generator Install it like so:

npm install -g generator-machinepack

Note: I am assuming that Node.js and npm are already installed on your machine.

Generating Your First Machinepack

Using the CLI tools that we installed above, let’s generate a new machinepack using the machinepack generator. Do this by first going into the directory that you want the generator to generate the files in, and then run the following:

yo machinepack

The command above will start an interactive process of generating a barebones machinepack for you. It will ask you a couple of questions; be sure to say yes to it creating an example machine.

Note: I noticed that the Yeoman generator has some issues when using Node.js 12 or 13. So, I recommend using nvm, and install Node.js 10.x, which is the environment that worked for me.

If everything has gone as planned, then we would have generated the base layer of our machinepack. Let’s take a peek:

DELETE_THIS_FILE.md machines/ package.json package.lock.json README.md index.js node_modules/

The above are the files generated for you. Let’s play with our example machine, found inside the machines directory. Because we have the machinepack CLI tool installed, we could run the following:

machinepack ls

This would list the available machines in our machines directory. Currently, there is one, the say-hello machine. Let’s find out what say-hello does by running this:

machinepack exec say-hello

This will prompt you for a name to enter, and it will print the output of the say-hello machine.

As you’ll notice, the CLI tool is leveraging the standardization of machines to get the machine’s description and functionality. Pretty neat!

Let’s Make A Machine

Let’s add our own machine, which will wrap the file-contributors and node-fetch packages (we will also need to install those with npm). So, run this:

npm install file-contributors node-fetch --save

Then, add a new machine by running:

machinepack add

You will be prompted to fill in the friendly name, the description (optional), and the extended description (also optional) for the machine. After that, you will have successfully generated your machine.

Now, let’s flesh out the functionality of this machine. Open the new machine that you generated in your editor. Then, require the file-contributors package, like so:

const fetch = require('node-fetch'); const getFileContributors = require('file-contributors').default; global.fetch = fetch; // workaround since file-contributors uses windows.fetch() internally

Note: We are using node-fetch package and the global.fetch = fetch workaround because the file-contributors package uses windows.fetch() internally, which is not available in Node.js.

The file-contributors’ getFileContributors requires three parameters to work: owner (the owner of the repository), repo (the repository), and path (the path to the file). So, if you’ve been following along, then you’ll know that these would go in our inputs key. Let’s add these now:

... inputs: { owner: { friendlyName: 'Owner', description: 'The owner of the repository', required: true, example: 'DominusKelvin' }, repo: { friendlyName: 'Repository', description: 'The Github repository', required: true, example: 'machinepack-filecontributors' }, path: { friendlyName: 'Path', description: 'The relative path to the file', required: true, example: 'README.md' } }, ...

Now, let’s add the exits. Originally, the CLI added a success exit for us. We would modify this and then add another exit in case things don’t go as planned.

exits: { success: { outputFriendlyName: 'File Contributors', outputDescription: 'An array of the contributors on a particular file', variableName: 'fileContributors', description: 'Done.', }, error: { description: 'An error occurred trying to get file contributors' } },

Finally let’s craft the meat of the machine, which is the fn:

fn: function(inputs, exits) { const contributors = getFileContributors(inputs.owner, inputs.repo, inputs.path) .then(contributors => { return exits.success(contributors) }).catch((error) => { return exits.error(error) }) },

And voilà! We have crafted our first machine. Let’s try it out using the CLI by running the following:

machinepack exec get-file-contributors

A prompt would appear asking for owner, repo, and path, successively. If everything has gone as planned, then our machine will exit with success, and we will see an array of the contributors for the repository file we’ve specified.

Usage In Code

I know we won’t be using the CLI for consuming the machinepack in our code base. So, below is a snippet of how we’d consume machines from a machinepack:

var FileContributors = require('machinepack-filecontributors'); // Fetch metadata about a repository on GitHub. FileContributors.getFileContributors({ owner: 'DominusKelvin', repo: 'vue-cli-plugin-chakra-ui', path: 'README.md' }).exec({ // An unexpected error occurred. error: function (){ }, // OK. success: function (contributors){ console.log('Got:\n', contributors); }, });

Conclusion

Congratulations! You’ve just become familiar with the machine specification, created your own machine, and seen how to consume machines. I’ll be glad to see the machines you create.

Resources

Check out the repository for this article. The npm package we created is also available on npm.

(ra, il, al)

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The Best JavaScript and CSS Libraries for 2017

Our mission at Tutorialzine is to keep you up to date with the latest and coolest trends in web development. Over the last year, we presented you a number of interesting libraries and resources, that we thought are worth checking out. That's why in this article we decided to share with you a collection of those, that stood out the most.

Wrapper for indexedDB and WebSQL that improves the ability of web apps to store data locally for offline use. Writing and reading is done in a similar fashion to localStorage but many types of data can be saved instead of only strings. It also offers a dual API, which gives developers the choice to use either callbacks or promises. You can find more about it in our Make IndexedDB a Breeze With LocalForage article.

AOS is a CSS library that allows you to add on scroll animation effects. The library is highly customizable, very tiny, easy to use (install via CDN), and most importantly performs well, which can be an issue with other animate on scroll libraries.

MJML is a simple XML-like language that provides simple markup syntax with various stylized components that can be compiled to email-friendly HTML. This way we don't have to manually code entire layouts out of tables and legacy in-line styles. It also offers a rich set of standardized components with various customization options. For more detailed information, you can check our Building Responsive Emails with MJML tutorial.

The editor engine behind Microsoft's Electron based Visual Studio Code. It has everything you'd expect out of a modern code editor - syntax highlighting for many languages, multiple cursors, keyboard shortcuts, code completion, etc. Monaco is open-sourced so it can be used to power any editor project you have in mind.

This futuristic library allows you to create virtual reality experiences using only good ol' web technologies. After you've created your 3D world in HTML, A-frame will take it and split it into two screens with slightly different viewing angles. Now, you can run your demo on your mobile phone using Google Cardboard or another headset and have some serious VR fun.

Bootstrap 4 brings many changes and new features to the grid system we are all so familiar with from version 3. The new version of the framework brings forth a lot of great changes, including a flexbox-based grid system, new and restyled components, and faster ES6 JavaScript plugins. Another cool new feature is the auto-layout mode. It allows developers to leave out the size of columns, making them automatically distribute the space in that row.

Prettier is an opinionated JavaScript formatter inspired by refmt with advanced support for language features from ES2017, JSX, and Flow. It removes all original formatting and ensures that all outputted JavaScript conforms to a consistent style.

Library for running browser JavaScript code in the GPU. With GPU.js you can execute complex calculations much quicker by compiling specially written JS into shader language that can run on the GPU via WebGL. If WebGL isn't available the functions fallback to regular JavaScript.

This is an updated version of the popular Node.js request library. It is a more lightweight HTTP client solution that is built on top of the browser's native Fetch API and shimmed for Node.js. When compressed R2's size is only 16K, compared to request's ~500K footprint.

Puppeteer is a high-level Node.js API for working with the new headless Chrome feature. It is an official Google project maintained by the Chrome DevTools team. In a headless environment you can generate screenshots and PDFs, navigate between links and app states, automate user input and form validation testing and scrape data from websites. You can read more about it in our article Automating Google Chrome with Node.js where we try out some of its features.

Push is the fastest library for managing JavaScript desktop notifications. It is based on the powerful Notification API but also acts as a reliable cross-browser solution, falling back to older implementations if the user’s browser does not have support for the new API. For a closer look you can check our The Easiest Way To Show Browser Notifications tutorial.

Draggable is a simple, easy to use, modular drag and drop library by Shopify. It provides excellent drag and drop functionality with fast DOM reordering, clean API and accessible markup. Draggable comes with additional modules that can be included to add more features like sorting, swapping and other utilities.

A library that showcases modern mobile devices created with pure CSS. It includes some of the most popular mobile devices like iPhone 8, iPadPro, MacBook and Samsung Galaxy S8. The designs are elegant and high-quality and can be used for landing or screenshot pages.

Card is a tiny vanilla JS project (with a jQuery version) that will make your credit card forms much more fun and interactive. After a quick installation, the library will take your form and transform it into an animated CSS-only credit card that gets filled as users input their data.

Webpack is a powerful open-source module bundler and preprocessor that can handle a large variety of tasks. Over the last few years it has become the prefered javascript bundler for most developers. It can create single bundle or multiple chunks that are loaded asynchronously at runtime, has a highly modular plugin system, and allows advanced code splitting.

Deeplearn.js is an open-source library that brings performant machine learning building blocks to the web. It offers two APIs, an immediate execution model and a deferred execution model. This library can be used for everything from education to model understanding and art projects. For a closer look on machine learning, check our 10 Machine Learning Examples in JavaScript article.

KeystoneJS is a powerful CMS framework, build on Express and MongoDB. It allows you to easily create dynamic projects with well-structured routes, templates and models. It offers a good-looking admin UI, helpful API utilities, session management, email sending, extensions, and much more. It also offers a command line tool for creating a new project and setting up all of its assets.

Popper is a JavaScript library for adding tooltips and popovers to HTML elements. It offers a large number of customization options and is fully modular with separate plugins for every feature. Popper is really small in size, has absolutely no dependencies and is very easy to use. It is used by companies like Twitter in Bootstrap 4, Microsoft in WebClipper and Atlassian in AtlasKit.

Apollo Client is a fully-featured GraphQL client that can be used with every frontend platform. It is easy to get started with, built for modern, interactive React apps, amazingly small - under 25kb compressed, community-focused and is extremely adaptable to fit your needs.

Animate.css is a cross-browser library for CSS animations. It is really easy to use and offers a large number of different animation effects like bounce, pulse, swing, fade, flip and many more. It can be used for emphasis, home pages, sliders or anywhere you like to add some cool and fun animation effects.

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