#appliance repair software database

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What is Appliance Repair Service Management Software?

In today’s fast-paced world, appliance repair businesses face various challenges in managing their operations efficiently. From handling customer requests to scheduling appointments, managing inventory, and keeping track of technician assignments, the demands can be overwhelming. However, with the advent of technology, there is a solution to these complexities – Appliance Repair Service Management Software. In this article, we will explore the benefits and functionalities of such software, which has become an indispensable tool for modern appliance repair service providers.

[servicecrmindia]

Best Appliance repair business software - Service CRM

Appliance repair business software, also known as Service CRM, is a critical tool for businesses in this industry. It streamlines and automates various aspects of the repair process, making it more efficient and organized. With Service CRM, technicians can easily schedule appointments, track inventory, and generate invoices. Appliance repair business software also enables businesses to maintain a customer database and send out reminders for regular maintenance or service updates.

[ghosttbeef]

feeling some kinda way bc i've been going down a little rabbit hole of tech videos on youtube ( technology connections! lots of neat videos that are accessible as laypeople too) and through that I learned that the reason every microwave has like. reheat, popcorn, cook xyz vegetable buttons, because the first ones to do this in like ~80s actually Had a moisture sensor and would calculate the time based on that. And sure, maybe some higher end microwaves on the market today still have these features instead of just slapping a timer on, but they almost certainly want to connect to the internet and have some obtuse huge screen with sign in and all the trappings of smart appliance bullshit in them. Whereas the older microwaves had all of this programmed in on a chip that is laughably small to how technology has advanced, and many of them still actually function while the newest Smart One is going to obsolete in a couple years because it will either fail or the service will go out or some other bullshit like that. and it's just so ..... these nicer features have always been available, easily so too, in 40 y/o tech that probably still works (AND IF IT DOESNT IT CAN ACTUALLY BE REPAIRED !). Anythign that could possibly have data stored on it now needs to connect to wifi, and you need to manage an account and beholden to the whims of the company that makes the service attached to it to be able to continue using it. I got a color changing lightbulb for my room recently because I get migraines and that was the only way I could really feasible dim the lights in my room without getting like... the perfect assortment of lamps or something. And these lightbulbs need to be connected to wifi to work, and they want to be on all of the time and the app wants to get my location every time I open it. Fortunately they don't need to be reconnected or whatever when I actually turn them off, and the app doesnt refuse to work if I don't give it my location, but this could have easily been the case !!

hell, my old roommates got a vacuum that needed wifi and I remember having to put off cleaning because it needed a fucking software update. (this is a regular ass vacuum btw, not like a roomba or something that could actually benefit from software). They got it during the pandemic when the old one broke and it was the only option within budget. I couldn't find any of the color changing lights that functioned without an app, like a remote or something- MAYBE i could find an LED strip or string lights that work with a remote, but who fucking knows at this point. I know I had one like that like... ten years ago.

i know everyone already knows how bad technology currently is and that it's built to be obsolete ina few years, and unrepairable to boot, but I think it's easy for folks my age and younger (people who grew up with devices that could easily pair to wifi) to think that there's still meaningful improvement in a lot of these devices but like. not really. lots of things that insist they need wifi to work could work via remote or just by having a database in them. buttons are more user friendly and easily repairable than touch screens. (my workplace got new ovens with touchscreens about a year ago and the touchscreens are already failing, but the old one with buttons was fucking Ancient.)

it doesn't need to be this way !

[remindaxllc]

Keeping Your Investments Safe: The Value of a Warranty Tracker

In the age of consumerism, purchasing electronic gadgets, appliances, vehicles, and even household items has become a routine aspect of modern life. However, with these investments come concerns about durability, malfunctions, and repairs. That's where warranty tracker step in, providing a digital solution to manage warranties efficiently. In this article, we'll explore the importance of warranty trackers and how they can help consumers protect their investments.

Understanding Warranties

Before delving into the benefits of warranty trackers, it's essential to understand the significance of warranties themselves. Warranties are essentially promises made by manufacturers or sellers regarding the quality and performance of a product. They typically cover repairs or replacements within a specified period, offering consumers peace of mind and protection against faulty products.

The Challenge of Warranty Management

Despite the benefits of warranties, managing them effectively can be a daunting task. With multiple purchases over time, keeping track of warranty documents, expiration dates, and service agreements can quickly become overwhelming. Traditional methods such as filing paper documents or relying on email confirmations are prone to errors and oversights, potentially leading to missed opportunities for repairs or replacements.

Enter the Warranty Tracker

This is where warranty tracking software come to the rescue. These digital tools provide a centralized platform for consumers to store and manage warranty information for all their purchases. Whether it's a smartphone, a refrigerator, or a power tool, users can input details such as purchase date, warranty duration, and terms of coverage into the tracker, creating a comprehensive database of their warranties.

Benefits of Warranty Trackers

1. Organization and Accessibility:

Warranty trackers offer a systematic approach to organizing warranty information. Users can easily access details about their warranties, including expiration dates and contact information for manufacturers or service providers, all in one place.

2. Timely Reminders:

One of the key features of warranty trackers is the ability to set reminders for upcoming warranty expirations. This proactive approach ensures that users are aware of impending deadlines, allowing them to take necessary actions such as scheduling inspections or initiating repairs before warranties lapse.

3. Maximizing Benefits:

By keeping track of warranty information, users can maximize the benefits of their warranties. They can quickly identify eligible products for repairs or replacements, ensuring that they take full advantage of the coverage provided by manufacturers or extended warranty plans.

4. Streamlining Claims Process:

In the event of a malfunction or breakdown, expiration date tracker streamline the claims process by providing all relevant information in one place. Users can easily retrieve warranty details and contact information, expediting the resolution of issues and minimizing downtime.

The Future of Warranty Management

As technology continues to advance, so too will warranty trackers. Future iterations may incorporate features such as automatic warranty registration, integration with purchase receipts and invoices, and even predictive analytics to anticipate potential issues before they occur. Additionally, advancements in blockchain technology could enhance security and transparency in warranty management, reducing the risk of fraud and counterfeit products.

Conclusion

In conclusion, warranty trackers play a crucial role in helping consumers protect their investments and maximize the benefits of warranties. By providing organization, accessibility, and timely reminders, these digital tools empower users to stay informed and proactive when it comes to warranty management. Whether you're a tech enthusiast, a homeowner, or a business owner, a recurring deadlines tracker can be a valuable asset in safeguarding your purchases and ensuring peace of mind for years to come.

Source Url:- https://sites.google.com/view/remindaxllccom121214/home

[smartzinc]

How AI Property Management Software Streamlines Finding Maintenance Vendors

Handling maintenance is one of the biggest operational challenges for landlords, especially locating qualified yet affordable vendors. But AI-powered property management software aims to automate finding and managing local providers to reduce this burden. Advanced algorithms help landlords efficiently connect with the best maintenance pros without needing to employ full-time technicians.

Automated Vendor Sourcing 

AI-driven platforms can instantly source licensed, insured vendors in your area to fulfill any maintenance request. Just describe the issue like “clogged sink” or “broken A/C” and the software identifies available handymen, plumbers, HVAC pros and more. This on-demand access removes manual provider search efforts.

Central Vendor Database

Smart systems aggregate and store provider information to build a centralized vendor database. Details like licenses, insurance, specialties, service areas, costs, ratings and reviews are organized for easy browsing. Landlords can quickly filter and compare options for their specific needs. The algorithm-assembled database replaces messy paper records.

Location-Based Matching

When a repair is needed, AI matches the request to vendors based on geographic proximity to the rental unit. This convenient location-based search saves travel time versus contractors driving across town. Location data also confirms vendors service your neighborhood.

Automatic Availability Checking

Beyond just identifying providers, AI platforms integrate with vendor calendars to check real-time availability. When you submit a request, the software pings contractors and confirms who can respond soonest based on existing bookings. This automates scheduling the fastest available pros.

Smart Multi-Vendor Assignment

For larger tasks spanning multiple disciplines - like a kitchen remodel needing plumbers, electricians, contractors - AI can automatically divvy up and sequence portions across appropriate vendors. This coordinated vendor assignment removes the puzzle of project management.

Predictive Maintenance Alerts 

By analyzing equipment runtime data, AI platforms forecast maintenance needs before breakdowns occur. Smart alerts prompt preventative maintenance like duct cleaning, gutter cleaning, HVAC servicing based on actual usage metrics. This prediction enables conveniently bundling maintenance requests.  

Damage and Risk Analysis

AI-enabled image recognition can scan maintenance photo submissions to detect damage severity, structural issues, leak sources, etc. These insights help systems automatically categorize requests as regular or emergency for vendor prioritization. Photos also augment repair descriptions.

Automated Repair Estimates

For common fixes like appliance repairs or plumbing jobs, AI can provide preliminary cost estimates based on historical data before even contacting vendors. This gives landlords an expected budget for the issue. Vendor quotes still validate final pricing.

Digital Service Proposals and Invoicing

Rather than juggling paper proposals and invoices, AI systems digitally manage the exchange of all financial documents. Vendors submit electronic quotes, landlords approve online, and invoices integrate seamlessly into accounting systems. No more chasing paper trails.

Review and Rating Capabilities

Central platforms allow landlords to read and leave detailed reviews of vendors once jobs are complete. This crowdsourced rating system helps identify the highest quality providers. Landlords can then match future requests with top-rated vendors.

Ongoing Performance Monitoring

AI tracks key vendor metrics like response time, workmanship complaints, billing accuracy and more. As data accumulates, underperforming vendors become apparent by metrics and can be avoided. This prevents repeat issues.

Customized Recommendations 

Based on property and equipment details, location, and cost preferences, AI recommends a shortlist of optimized vendors tailored for each maintenance case. This customized suggestion simplifies selection.

While still new, AI-powered maintenance management shows promise to automate the heavy lifting of coordinating vendors for landlords. Reduced time locating qualified, available technicians means more efficient repairs. Smarter assignment, collaboration, and oversight produces better resident satisfaction. With the benefits of AI, landlords can focus on strategic oversight rather than vendor administration.

[findenegeymanagement]

Benefits of an Energy Management System

An energy management system (EMS) is a software platform that allows companies to track their energy usage and take steps to reduce their consumption. It can be a great way for businesses to improve their energy efficiency and boost their brand image as a result. Read more great facts on canada carbon sustainability, click here.

A good EMS platform is an essential component in a company’s sustainable development plan and helps to achieve business objectives, reduce energy costs, and reduce carbon emissions. It also offers the opportunity for businesses to make a positive impact on the world around them. For more useful reference regarding energy services, have a peek here.

The first benefit of an EMS is that it gives a comprehensive view of a company’s energy use across multiple sites and facilities. This gives a clear picture of how much electricity is used, what the costs are, and where improvements can be made to save money.

This information is then sent to a central database so that it can be accessed by all parties involved in the company’s sustainability planning and energy management. This provides the technical and financial managers with the ability to monitor energy usage in real time and make accurate decisions that benefit their business.

Another benefit is that it makes it easy for a company to monitor their performance and see how they compare to their peers. This helps to ensure that they are making the best possible business decisions, and can be a key factor in winning new clients.

Using an EMS can save up to 10% of your total energy bills on average, and can pay for itself within the first 3 years. This is because EMS systems can detect a number of issues that could otherwise go unnoticed, such as faulty equipment or devices that are running inefficiently.

An EMS can reduce your business’ energy bill by detecting these issues and notifying you of them before they get out of hand. It can also help you to identify and fix any issues before they become costly to repair or replace.

Some EMS systems also offer automatic fault detection that can notify you when a device or device component is about to fail and require replacement. This can prevent costly failures and ensure that your building stays fully functional.

These systems can also be used to reduce the energy usage of existing equipment and appliances. This can include air-conditioners, lighting, and heating.

This can be a valuable feature for companies that own or manage large amounts of different equipment. This can allow them to keep their costs down by making sure that they are only using the most efficient devices.

A great EMS system will have a range of sensors that are connected to the various systems throughout a building and can detect when they’re being used incorrectly. This will then allow the system to automatically switch off the equipment or equipment components that are consuming too much power.

Lastly, the best EMS will have a variety of data analytics features that allow you to understand your energy usage and how it is changing over time. This can be a valuable tool for any business, and will allow you to understand exactly how you can improve your building’s energy efficiency. Please view this site https://www.wikihow.com/Save-Energy-in-Your-Home for further details.

[phantomtutor]

SOLUTION AT Academic Writers Bay ANSWER THE FOLLOWING 5 QUESTIONS: Question 1) 5 points “eXtra was established in Saudi Arabia in 2003, to provide customers with complete shopping experience for consumer electronics and home appliances. eXtra offers all the leading international brands and stocks an extensive product range including TV, audio systems, computers, mobile phones and IT communications, cameras, home appliances and personal care products. The product range is supported by comprehensive after sales services such as extended warrantee, free home delivery and AC installation. In addition it offers anytime anywhere computer maintenance, remote assistance over the phone 24 hours 7 days a week, and mobile setup with total back-up and maintenance through its trade mark Force 24/7. With 3 dedicated service centers across the kingdom, eXtra also offer household machines and electronics repairs.” Source: https://www.extra.com/en-sa/aboutextra 1- Apply Porter’s competitive forces model to eXtra. 2- Which of the four generic strategies is the company using? Question 2) 3 points You have been asked to design a new database for a small automobile company. This database will be used by the HR, Sales and the Maintenance departments to manage the company’s data. 1- Choose two tables that can be created in this database. In each table, identify the attributes (columns), their datatype and the primary key of each table. Question 3) 4 points You are starting a small bakery shop. Given your type of products (baked goods). 1- Could your firm be a digital firm? 2- If so, what would make this a digital firm? Question 4) 4 points You have recently opened a new pet shop. This shop also has a specialized pet clinic. 1- Explain how the use of information system could help achieve better customer intimacy? Question 5) 4 points Because of your experience in information systems, your friend has asked for your advice to enhance the efficiency of his business, which is a local book shop. 1- Describe three types of business process that a book shop has. 2- How these business processes can be better coordinated through information systems? MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS: MANAGING THE DIGITAL FIRM FIFTEENTH EDITION CHAPTER 1 INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN BUSINESS TODAY Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. HOW INFORMATION SYSTEMS ARE TRANSFORMING BUSINESS • MOBILE DIGITAL PLATFORM • SYSTEMS USED TO IMPROVE CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE, RESPOND TO CUSTOMER DEMAND, REDUCE INVENTORIES, AND MORE • GROWING ONLINE NEWSPAPER READERSHIP • EXPANDING E-COMMERCE AND INTERNET ADVERTISING • NEW FEDERAL SECURITY AND ACCOUNTING LAWS Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. FIGURE 1.1: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CAPITAL INVESTMENT Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. WHAT’S NEW IN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (1 OF 2) • TECHNOLOGY • CLOUD COMPUTING • BIG DATA AND THE INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) • MOBILE DIGITAL PLATFORM • MANAGEMENT • ONLINE COLLABORATION AND SOCIAL NETWORKING SOFTWARE • BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE • VIRTUAL MEETINGS Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. WHAT’S NEW IN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (2 OF 2) • ORGANIZATIONS • SOCIAL BUSINESS • TELEWORK • CO-CREATION OF BUSINESS VALUE Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. GLOBALIZATION CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES: A FLATTENED WORLD • INTERNET HAS DRASTICALLY REDUCED COSTS OF OPERATING ON GLOBAL SCALE • INCREASES IN FOREIGN TRADE, OUTSOURCING • PRESENTS BOTH CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. THE EMERGING DIGITAL FIRM • IN A FULLY DIGITAL FIRM: • SIGNIFICANT BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS ARE DIGITALLY ENABLED AND MEDIATED • CORE BUSINESS PROCESSES ARE ACCOMPLISHED THROUGH DIGITAL NETWORKS • KEY CORPORATE ASSETS ARE MANAGED DIGITALLY • DIGITAL FIRMS OFFER GREATER FLEXIBILITY IN ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT • TIME SHIFTING, SPACE SHIFTING Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. STRATEGIC BUSINESS OBJECTIVES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS (1 OF 2) • GROWING INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN: • ABILITY TO USE INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY AND • ABILITY TO IMPLEMENT CORPORATE STRATEGIES AND ACHIEVE CORPORATE GOALS Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. STRATEGIC BUSINESS OBJECTIVES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS (2 OF 2) • FIRMS INVEST HEAVILY IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS TO ACHIEVE SIX STRATEGIC BUSINESS OBJECTIVES: 1. OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE 2. NEW PRODUCTS, SERVICES, AND BUSINESS MODELS 3. CUSTOMER AND SUPPLIER INTIMACY 4. IMPROVED DECISION MAKING 5. COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE 6. SURVIVAL Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. FIGURE 1.2: THE INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONS AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. OPERATIONAL INTELLIGENCE • IMPROVEMENT OF EFFICIENCY TO ATTAIN HIGHER PROFITABILITY • INFORMATION SYSTEMS, TECHNOLOGY AN IMPORTANT TOOL IN ACHIEVING GREATER EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY • WALMART’S RETAIL LINK SYSTEM LINKS SUPPLIERS TO STORES FOR SUPERIOR REPLENISHMENT SYSTEM Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. NEW PRODUCTS, SERVICES, AND BUSINESS MODELS • BUSINESS MODEL: DESCRIBES HOW COMPANY PRODUCES, DELIVERS, AND SELLS PRODUCT OR SERVICE TO CREATE WEALTH • INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY A MAJOR ENABLING TOOL FOR NEW PRODUCTS, SERVICES, BUSINESS MODELS • EXAMPLES: APPLE’S IPAD, GOOGLE’S ANDROID OS, AND NETFLIX Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. CUSTOMER AND SUPPLIER INTIMACY • SERVING CUSTOMERS WELL LEADS THEM TO RETURN, INCREASING REVENUE AND PROFITS • EXAMPLE: HIGH-END HOTELS THAT USE COMPUTERS TO TRACK CUSTOMER PREFERENCES AND THEN MONITOR AND CUSTOMIZE THE ENVIRONMENT • INTIMACY WITH SUPPLIERS ALLOWS THEM TO PROVIDE VITAL INPUTS, WHICH LOWERS COSTS • EXAMPLE: JCPENNEY’S INFORMATION SYSTEM WHICH LINKS SALES RECORDS TO CONTRACT MANUFACTURER Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. IMPROVED DECISION MAKING • WITHOUT ACCURATE INFORMATION: • MANAGERS MUST USE FORECASTS, BEST GUESSES, LUCK • RESULTS IN: • OVERPRODUCTION, UNDERPRODUCTION • MISALLOCATION OF RESOURCES • POOR RESPONSE TIMES • POOR OUTCOMES RAISE COSTS, LOSE CUSTOMERS • EXAMPLE: VERIZON’S WEB-BASED DIGITAL DASHBOARD TO PROVIDE MANAGERS WITH REAL-TIME DATA ON CUSTOMER COMPLAINTS, NETWORK PERFORMANCE, LINE OUTAGES, AND SO ON Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE • DELIVERING BETTER PERFORMANCE • CHARGING LESS FOR SUPERIOR PRODUCTS • RESPONDING TO CUSTOMERS AND SUPPLIERS IN REAL TIME • EXAMPLES: APPLE, WALMART, UPS Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. SURVIVAL • INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AS NECESSITY OF BUSINESS • INDUSTRY-LEVEL CHANGES • EXAMPLE: CITIBANK’S INTRODUCTION OF ATMS • GOVERNMENTAL REGULATIONS REQUIRING RECORDKEEPING • EXAMPLES: TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT, SARBANES-OXLEY ACT • DODD-FRANK ACT Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. WHAT IS AN INFORMATION SYSTEM? (1 OF 3) • INFORMATION SYSTEM • SET OF INTERRELATED COMPONENTS • COLLECT, PROCESS, STORE, AND DISTRIBUTE INFORMATION • SUPPORT DECISION MAKING, COORDINATION, AND CONTROL • INFORMATION VS. DATA • DATA ARE STREAMS OF RAW FACTS • INFORMATION IS DATA SHAPED INTO MEANINGFUL FORM Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. FIGURE 1.3: DATA AND INFORMATION Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. WHAT IS AN INFORMATION SYSTEM? (2 OF 3) • THREE ACTIVITIES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS PRODUCE INFORMATION ORGANIZATIONS NEED • INPUT: CAPTURES RAW DATA FROM ORGANIZATION OR EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT • PROCESSING: CONVERTS RAW DATA INTO MEANINGFUL FORM • OUTPUT: TRANSFERS PROCESSED INFORMATION TO PEOPLE OR ACTIVITIES THAT USE IT Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. WHAT IS AN INFORMATION SYSTEM? (3 OF 3) • FEEDBACK • OUTPUT IS RETURNED TO APPROPRIATE MEMBERS OF ORGANIZATION TO HELP EVALUATE OR CORRECT INPUT STAGE • COMPUTER/COMPUTER PROGRAM VS. INFORMATION SYSTEM • COMPUTERS AND SOFTWARE ARE TECHNICAL FOUNDATION AND TOOLS, SIMILAR TO THE MATERIAL AND TOOLS USED TO BUILD A HOUSE Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. FIGURE 1.4: FUNCTIONS OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. DIMENSIONS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS • ORGANIZATIONS • MANAGEMENT • TECHNOLOGY Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd.

FIGURE 1.5: INFORMATION SYSTEMS ARE MORE THAN COMPUTERS Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. DIMENSIONS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS: ORGANIZATIONS (1 OF 2) • HIERARCHY OF AUTHORITY, RESPONSIBILITY • SENIOR MANAGEMENT • MIDDLE MANAGEMENT • OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT • KNOWLEDGE WORKERS • DATA WORKERS • PRODUCTION OR SERVICE WORKERS Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. FIGURE 1.6: LEVELS IN A FIRM Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. DIMENSIONS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS: ORGANIZATIONS (2 OF 2) • SEPARATION OF BUSINESS FUNCTIONS • • • • SALES AND MARKETING HUMAN RESOURCES FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING MANUFACTURING AND PRODUCTION • UNIQUE BUSINESS PROCESSES • UNIQUE BUSINESS CULTURE • ORGANIZATIONAL POLITICS Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. DIMENSIONS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS: MANAGEMENT • MANAGERS SET ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGY FOR RESPONDING TO BUSINESS CHALLENGES • IN ADDITION, MANAGERS MUST ACT CREATIVELY • CREATION OF NEW PRODUCTS AND SERVICES • OCCASIONALLY RE-CREATING THE ORGANIZATION Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. DIMENSIONS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS: TECHNOLOGY • COMPUTER HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE • DATA MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY • NETWORKING AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY • NETWORKS, THE INTERNET, INTRANETS AND EXTRANETS, WORLD WIDE WEB • IT INFRASTRUCTURE: PROVIDES PLATFORM THAT SYSTEM IS BUILT ON Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. IT ISN’T JUST TECHNOLOGY: A BUSINESS PERSPECTIVE ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS (1 OF 3) • INFORMATION SYSTEM IS INSTRUMENT FOR CREATING VALUE • INVESTMENTS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY WILL RESULT IN SUPERIOR RETURNS • PRODUCTIVITY INCREASES • REVENUE INCREASES • SUPERIOR LONG-TERM STRATEGIC POSITIONING Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. IT ISN’T JUST TECHNOLOGY: A BUSINESS PERSPECTIVE ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS (2 OF 3) • BUSINESS INFORMATION VALUE CHAIN • RAW DATA ACQUIRED AND TRANSFORMED THROUGH STAGES THAT ADD VALUE TO THAT INFORMATION • VALUE OF INFORMATION SYSTEM DETERMINED IN PART BY EXTENT TO WHICH IT LEADS TO BETTER DECISIONS, GREATER EFFICIENCY, AND HIGHER PROFITS • BUSINESS PERSPECTIVE • CALLS ATTENTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL AND MANAGERIAL NATURE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. IT ISN’T JUST TECHNOLOGY: A BUSINESS PERSPECTIVE ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS (3 OF 3) • INVESTING IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DOES NOT GUARANTEE GOOD RETURNS • THERE IS CONSIDERABLE VARIATION IN THE RETURNS FIRMS RECEIVE FROM SYSTEMS INVESTMENTS • FACTORS • ADOPTING THE RIGHT BUSINESS MODEL • INVESTING IN COMPLEMENTARY ASSETS (ORGANIZATIONAL AND MANAGEMENT CAPITAL) Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. FIGURE 1.7: THE BUSINESS INFORMATION VALUE CHAIN Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. FIGURE 1.8: VARIATION IN RETURNS ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. COMPLEMENTARY ASSETS: ORGANIZATIONAL CAPITAL AND THE RIGHT BUSINESS MODEL (1 OF 2) • ASSETS REQUIRED TO DERIVE VALUE FROM A PRIMARY INVESTMENT • FIRMS SUPPORTING TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENTS WITH INVESTMENT IN COMPLEMENTARY ASSETS RECEIVE SUPERIOR RETURNS • EXAMPLE: INVEST IN TECHNOLOGY AND THE PEOPLE TO MAKE IT WORK PROPERLY Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. COMPLEMENTARY ASSETS: ORGANIZATIONAL CAPITAL AND THE RIGHT BUSINESS MODEL (2 OF 2) • COMPLEMENTARY ASSETS • EXAMPLES OF ORGANIZATIONAL ASSETS • APPROPRIATE BUSINESS MODEL • EFFICIENT BUSINESS PROCESSES • EXAMPLES OF MANAGERIAL ASSETS • INCENTIVES FOR MANAGEMENT INNOVATION • TEAMWORK AND COLLABORATIVE WORK ENVIRONMENTS • EXAMPLES OF SOCIAL ASSETS • THE INTERNET AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURE • TECHNOLOGY STANDARDS Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. FIGURE 1.9: CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. TECHNICAL APPROACH • EMPHASIZES MATHEMATICALLY BASED MODELS • COMPUTER SCIENCE, MANAGEMENT SCIENCE, OPERATIONS RESEARCH Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. BEHAVIORAL APPROACH • BEHAVIORAL ISSUES (STRATEGIC BUSINESS INTEGRATION, IMPLEMENTATION, ETC.) • PSYCHOLOGY, ECONOMICS, SOCIOLOGY Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd.

APPROACH OF THIS TEXT: SOCIOTECHNICAL SYSTEMS (1 OF 2) • MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS • COMBINES COMPUTER SCIENCE, MANAGEMENT SCIENCE, OPERATIONS RESEARCH, AND PRACTICAL ORIENTATION WITH BEHAVIORAL ISSUES • FOUR MAIN ACTORS • • • • SUPPLIERS OF HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE BUSINESS FIRMS MANAGERS AND EMPLOYEES FIRM’S ENVIRONMENT (LEGAL, SOCIAL, CULTURAL CONTEXT) Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. APPROACH OF THIS TEXT: SOCIOTECHNICAL SYSTEMS (2 OF 2) • SOCIOTECHNICAL VIEW • OPTIMAL ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE ACHIEVED BY JOINTLY OPTIMIZING BOTH SOCIAL AND TECHNICAL SYSTEMS USED IN PRODUCTION • HELPS AVOID PURELY TECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. FIGURE 1.10: A SOCIOTECHNICAL PERSPECTIVE ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm Fifteenth edition Chapter 2 Global E-business and Collaboration Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Business Processes (1 of 2) • Business processes – Flows of material, information, knowledge – Sets of activities, steps – May be tied to functional area or be crossfunctional • Businesses: Can be seen as collection of business processes • Business processes may be assets or liabilities Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Business Processes (2 of 2) • Examples of functional business processes – Manufacturing and production ▪ Assembling the product – Sales and marketing ▪ Identifying customers – Finance and accounting ▪ Creating financial statements – Human resources ▪ Hiring employees Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Figure 2.1: The Order Fulfillment Process Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. How Information Technology Improves Business Processes • Increasing efficiency of existing processes – Automating steps that were manual • Enabling entirely new processes – – – – Changing flow of information Replacing sequential steps with parallel steps Eliminating delays in decision making Supporting new business models Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Systems for Different Management Groups (1 of 2) • Transaction processing systems (TPS) – Serve operational managers and staff – Perform and record daily routine transactions necessary to conduct business ▪ Examples: sales order entry, payroll, shipping – Allow managers to monitor status of operations and relations with external environment – Serve predefined, structured goals and decision making Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Figure 2.2: A Payroll TPS Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Systems for Different Management Groups (2 of 2) • Systems for business intelligence – Data and software tools for organizing and analyzing data – Used to help managers and users make improved decisions • Management information systems(MIS) • Decision support systems(DSS) • Executive support systems(ESS) Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Management Information Systems (MIS) • Serve middle management • Provide reports on firm’s current performance, based on data from TPS • Provide answers to routine questions with predefined procedure for answering them • Typically have little analytic capability Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Figure 2.3: How Management Information Systems Obtain Their Data from the Organization’s TPS Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Figure 2.4: Sample MIS Report Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Decision support systems(DSS) • Serve middle management • Support nonroutine decision making – Example: What is the impact on production schedule if December sales doubled? • May use external information as well TPS / MIS data • Model driven DSS – Voyage-estimating systems • Data driven DSS – Intrawest’s marketing analysis systems Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Figure 2.5: Voyage-Estimating DecisionSupport System Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Executive Support Systems(ESS) • Support senior management • Address nonroutine decisions – Requiring judgment, evaluation, and insight • Incorporate data about external events (e.

g., new tax laws or competitors) as well as summarized information from internal MIS and DSS • Example: Digital dashboard with real-time view of firm’s financial performance Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Enterprise Applications • Systems for linking the enterprise • Span functional areas • Execute business processes across the firm • Include all levels of management • Four major applications – – – – Enterprise systems Supply chain management systems Customer relationship management systems Knowledge management systems Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Figure 2.6: Enterprise Application Architecture Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Enterprise Systems • Collect data from different firm functions and store data in single central data repository • Resolve problems of fragmented data • Enable: – Coordination of daily activities – Efficient response to customer orders (production, inventory) – Decision making by managers about daily operations and longerterm planning Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Supply Chain Management (SCM) Systems • Manage firm’s relationships with suppliers • Share information about: – Orders, production, inventory levels, delivery of products and services • Goal: – Right amount of products to destination with least amount of time and lowest cost Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems • Provide information to coordinate all of the business processes that deal with customers – Sales – Marketing – Customer service • Helps firms identify, attract, and retain most profitable customers Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) • Support processes for capturing and applying knowledge and expertise – How to create, produce, and deliver products and services • Collect internal knowledge and experience within firm and make it available to employees • Link to external sources of knowledge Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Intranets and Extranets • Also used to increase integration and expedite the flow of information • Intranets – Internal company websites accessible only by employees • Extranets – Company websites accessible externally only to vendors and suppliers – Often used to coordinate supply chain Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. E-business, E-commerce, and E-government • E-business – Use of digital technology and Internet to drive major business processes • E-commerce – Subset of e-business – Buying and selling goods and services through Internet • E-government – Using Internet technology to deliver information and services to citizens, employees, and businesses Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. What Is Collaboration? • Collaboration – Short lived or long term – Informal or formal (teams) • Growing importance of collaboration – – – – – – Changing nature of work Growth of professional work—“interaction jobs” Changing organization of the firm Changing scope of the firm Emphasis on innovation Changing culture of work Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. What Is Social Business? • Social business – Use of social networking platforms (internal and external) to engage employees, customers, and suppliers • Aims to deepen interactions and expedite information sharing • “Conversations” • Requires information transparency – Driving the exchange of information without intervention from executives or others Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Business Benefits of Collaboration and Teamwork • Investments in collaboration technology can bring organization improvements, returning high ROI • Benefits – – – – – Productivity Quality Innovation Customer service Financial performance ▪ Profitability, sales, sales growth Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Figure 2.7: Requirements for Collaboration Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Building a Collaborative Culture and Business Processes • “Command and control” organizations – No value placed on teamwork or lower-level participation in decisions

• Collaborative business culture – Senior managers rely on teams of employees – Policies, products, designs, processes, and systems rely on teams – The managers purpose is to build teams Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Tools and Technologies for Collaboration and Social Business • E-mail and instant messaging (IM) • Wikis • Virtual worlds • Collaboration and social business platforms – – – – Virtual meeting systems (telepresence) Cloud collaboration services (Google Drive, Google Docs, etc.) Microsoft SharePoint and IBM Notes Enterprise social networking tools Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Checklist for Managers: Evaluating and Selecting Collaboration and Social Software Tools • Time/space matrix • Six steps in evaluating software tools – – – – – – Identify your firm’s collaboration challenges Identify what kinds of solutions are available Analyze available products’ cost and benefits Evaluate security risks Consult users for implementation and training issues Evaluate product vendors Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Figure 2.8: The Time/Space Collaboration and Social Tool Matrix Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. The Information Systems Department • Often headed by chief information officer (CIO) – Other senior positions include chief security officer (CSO), chief knowledge officer (CKO), chief privacy officer (CPO), chief data officer (CDO) • Programmers • Systems analysts • Information systems managers • End users Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Organizing the Information Systems Function • IT governance – – – – Strategies and policies for using IT in the organization Decision rights Accountability Organization of information systems function ▪ Centralized, decentralized, and so on Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm Fifteenth edition Chapter 3 Information Systems, Organizations, and Strategy Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. The Relationship Between Organizations and Information Technology • Information technology and organizations influence each other – Relationship influenced by organization’s ▪ Structure ▪ Business processes ▪ Politics ▪ Culture ▪ Environment ▪ Management decisions Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Figure 3.1: The Two-Way Relationship Between Organizations and Information Technology Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. What Is an Organization? • Technical definition – Formal social structure that processes resources from environment to produce outputs – A formal legal entity with internal rules and procedures, as well as a social structure • Behavioral definition – A collection of rights, privileges, obligations, and responsibilities that is delicately balanced over a period of time through conflict and conflict resolution Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Figure 3.2: The Technical Microeconomic Definition of the Organization Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Figure 3.3: The Behavioral View of Organizations Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Features of Organizations • Use of hierarchical structure • Accountability, authority in system of impartial decision making • Adherence to principle of efficiency • Routines and business processes • Organizational politics, culture, environments, and structures Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Routines and Business Processes • Routines (standard operating procedures) – Precise rules, procedures, and practices developed to cope with virtually all expected situations • Business processes: Collections of routines • Business firm: Collection of business processes Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Figure 3.4: Routines, Business Processes, and Firms Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Organizational Politics • Divergent viewpoints lead to political struggle, competition, and conflict. • Political resistance greatly hampers organizational change. Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Organizational Culture • Encompasses set

of assumptions that define goal and product – What products the organization should produce – How and where it should be produced – For whom the products should be produced • May be powerful unifying force as well as restraint on change Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Organizational Environments • Organizations and environments have a reciprocal relationship • Organizations are open to, and dependent on, the social and physical environment • Organizations can influence their environments • Environments generally change faster than organizations • Information systems can be instrument of environmental scanning, act as a lens Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Figure 3.5: Environments and Organizations Have a Reciprocal Relationship Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Disruptive Technologies • Substitute products that perform as well as or better than existing product • Technology that brings sweeping change to businesses, industries, markets • Examples: personal computers, word processing software, the Internet, the PageRank algorithm • First movers and fast followers – First movers—inventors of disruptive technologies – Fast followers—firms with the size and resources to capitalize on that technology Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Organizational Structure • Five basic kinds of organizational structure (Mintzberg) – – – – – Entrepreneurial Machine bureaucracy Divisionalized bureaucracy Professional bureaucracy Adhocracy • Information system often reflects organizational structure Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Other Organizational Features • Goals – Coercive, utilitarian, normative, and so on • Constituencies • Leadership styles • Types of tasks Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Economic Impacts • IT changes relative costs of capital and the costs of information • Information systems technology is a factor of production, like capital and labor • IT affects the cost and quality of information and changes economics of information – Information technology helps firms contract in size because it can reduce transaction costs (the cost of participating in markets) ▪ Outsourcing Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Transaction Cost Theory • Firms seek to economize on transaction costs (the costs of participating in markets) – Vertical integration, hiring more employees, buying suppliers and distributors • IT lowers market transaction costs, making it worthwhile for firms to transact with other firms rather than grow the number of employees Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Agency Theory • Firm is nexus of contracts among self-interested parties requiring supervision • Firms experience agency costs (the cost of managing and supervising) which rise as firm grows • IT can reduce agency costs, making it possible for firms to grow without adding to the costs of supervising, and without adding employees Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Organizational and Behavioral Impacts • IT flattens organizations – Decision making is pushed to lower levels – Fewer managers are needed (IT enables faster decision making and increases span of control) • Postindustrial organizations – Organizations flatten because in postindustrial societies, authority increasingly relies on knowledge and competence rather than formal positions Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Figure 3.6: Flattening Organizations Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Understanding Organizational Resistance to Change • Information systems become bound up in organizational politics because they influence access to a key resource—information • Information systems potentially change an organization’s structure, culture, politics, and work • Four factors – – – – Nature of the innovation Structure of organization Culture of organization Tasks affected by innovation Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Figure 3.7: Organizational Resistance to Information System Innovations Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. The Internet and

Organizations • The Internet increases the accessibility, storage, and distribution of information and knowledge for organizations • The Internet can greatly lower transaction and agency costs – Example: Large firm delivers internal manuals to employees via a corporate website, saving millions of dollars in distribution costs Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Implications for the Design and Understanding of Information Systems • Organizational factors in planning a new system: – Environment – Structure ▪ Hierarchy, specialization, routines, business processes – – – – Culture and politics Type of organization and style of leadership Main interest groups affected by system; attitudes of end users Tasks, decisions, and business processes the system will assist Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Porter’s Competitive Forces Model (1 of 3) • Why do some firms become leaders in their industry? • Michael Porter’s competitive forces model – Provides general view of firm, its competitors, and environment • Five competitive forces shape fate of firm: – – – – – Traditional competitors New market entrants Substitute products and services Customers Suppliers Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Porter’s Competitive Forces Model (2 of 3) • Traditional competitors – All firms share market space with competitors who are continuously devising new products, services, efficiencies, and switching costs • New market entrants – Some industries have high barriers to entry, for example, computer chip business – New companies have new equipment, younger workers, but little brand recognition Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Porter’s Competitive Forces Model (3 of 3) • Substitute products and services – Substitutes customers might use if your prices become too high, for example, iTunes substitutes for CDs • Customers – Can customers easily switch to competitor’s products? Can they force businesses to compete on price alone in transparent marketplace? • Suppliers – Market power of suppliers when firm cannot raise prices as fast as suppliers Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Figure 3.8: Porter’s Competitive Forces Model Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Information System Strategies for Dealing with Competitive Forces (1 of 3) • Four generic strategies for dealing with competitive forces, enabled by using IT: – – – – Low-cost leadership Product differentiation Focus on market niche Strengthen customer and supplier intimacy Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Information System Strategies for Dealing with Competitive Forces (2 of 3) • Low-cost leadership – Produce products and services at a lower price than competitors – Example: Walmart’s efficient customer response system • Product differentiation – Enable new products or services, greatly change customer convenience and experience – Example: Google, Nike, Apple – Mass customization Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Information System Strategies for Dealing with Competitive Forces (3 of 3) • Focus on market niche – Use information systems to enable a focused strategy on a single market niche; specialize – Example: Hilton Hotels’ OnQ system • Strengthen customer and supplier intimacy – Use information systems to develop strong ties and loyalty with customers and suppliers – Increase switching costs – Examples: Chrysler, Amazon, Starbucks Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. The Internet’s Impact on Competitive Advantage • Transformation or threat to some industries – Examples: travel agency, printed encyclopedia, media • Competitive forces still at work, but rivalry more intense • Universal standards allow new rivals, entrants to market • New opportunities for building brands and loyal customer bases Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Smart Products and the Internet of Things • Internet of Things (IoT) – Growing use of Internet-connected sensors in products • Smart products – Fitness equipment, health trackers • Expand product differentiation opportunities

– Increasing rivalry between competitors • Raise switching costs • Inhibit new entrants • May decrease power of suppliers Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. The Business Value Chain Model – Firm as series of activities that add value to products or services – Highlights activities where competitive strategies can best be applied • Primary activities vs. support activities – At each stage, determine how information systems can improve operational efficiency and improve customer and supplier intimacy – Utilize benchmarking, industry best practices Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Figure 3.9: The Value Chain Model Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Extending the Value Chain: The Value Web • Firm’s value chain is linked to value chains of suppliers, distributors, customers • Industry value chain • Value web – Collection of independent firms using highly synchronized IT to coordinate value chains to produce product or service collectively – More customer driven, less linear operation than traditional value chain Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Figure 3.10: The Value Web Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Synergies • When output of some units are used as inputs to others, or organizations pool markets and expertise • Example: merger of Bank of NY and JPMorgan Chase • Purchase of YouTube by Google Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Core Competencies • Activity for which firm is world-class leader • Relies on knowledge, experience, and sharing this across business units • Example: Procter & Gamble’s intranet and directory of subject matter experts Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Network-Based Strategies (1 of 3) • Take advantage of firm’s abilities to network with one another • Include use of: – Network economics – Virtual company model – Business ecosystems Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Network Economics • Marginal cost of adding new participant almost zero, with much greater marginal gain • Value of community grows with size • Value of software grows as installed customer base grows • Compare to traditional economics and law of diminishing returns Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Virtual Company Model • Virtual company – Uses networks to ally with other companies – Creates and distributes products without being limited by traditional organizational boundaries or physical locations • Example: Li & Fung – Manages production, shipment of garments for major fashion companies – Outsources all work to thousands of suppliers Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Business Ecosystems and Platforms • Industry sets of firms providing related services and products • Platforms – Microsoft, Facebook • Keystone firms • Niche firms • Individual firms can consider how IT will help them become profitable niche players in larger ecosystems Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Figure 3.11: An Ecosystem Strategic Model Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Challenges Posed by Strategic Information Systems • Sustaining competitive advantage – Competitors can retaliate and copy strategic systems – Systems may become tools for survival • Aligning IT with business objectives – Performing strategic systems analysis ▪ Structure of industry ▪ Firm value chains • Managing strategic transitions – Adopting strategic systems requires changes in business goals, relationships with customers and suppliers, and business processes Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm Fifteenth edition Chapter 6 Foundations of Business Intelligence: Databases and Information Management Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. File Organization Terms and Concepts • Database: Group of related files • File: Group of records of same type • Record: Group of related fields • Field: Group of characters as word(s) or number(s) • Entity: Person, place, thing on which we store information • Attribute: Each characteristic, or quality, describing entity Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd.

Figure 6.1: The Data Hierarchy Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Problems with the Traditional File Environment • Files maintained separately by different departments • Data redundancy • Data inconsistency • Program-data dependence • Lack of flexibility • Poor security • Lack of data sharing and availability Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Figure 6.2: Traditional File Processing Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Database Management Systems • Database – Serves many applications by centralizing data and controlling redundant data • Database management system (DBMS) – Interfaces between applications and physical data files – Separates logical and physical views of data – Solves problems of traditional file environment • Controls redundancy • Eliminates inconsistency • Uncouples programs and data • Enables organization to centrally manage data and data security Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Figure 6.3: Human Resources Database with Multiple Views Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Relational DBMS • Represent data as two-dimensional tables • Each table contains data on entity and attributes • Table: grid of columns and rows – – – – – Rows (tuples): Records for different entities Fields (columns): Represents attribute for entity Key field: Field used to uniquely identify each record Primary key: Field in table used for key fields Foreign key: Primary key used in second table as look-up field to identify records from original table Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Figure 6.4: Relational Database Tables Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Operations of a Relational DBMS • Three basic operations used to develop useful sets of data – SELECT ▪ Creates subset of data of all records that meet stated criteria – JOIN ▪ Combines relational tables to provide user with more information than available in individual tables – PROJECT ▪ Creates subset of columns in table, creating tables with only the information specified Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Figure 6.5: The Three Basic Operations of a Relational DBMS Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Capabilities of Database Management Systems • Data definition capability • Data dictionary • Querying and reporting – Data manipulation language ▪ Structured Query Language (SQL) • Many DBMS have report generation capabilities for creating polished reports (Microsoft Access) Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Figure 6.6: Access Data Dictionary Features Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Figure 6.7: Example of an SQL Query Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Figure 6.8: An Access Query Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Designing Databases • Conceptual design vs. physical design • Normalization – Streamlining complex groupings of data to minimize redundant data elements and awkward many-to-many relationships • Referential integrity – Rules used by RDBMS to ensure relationships between tables remain consistent • Entity-relationship diagram • A correct data model is essential for a system serving the business well Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Figure 6.9: An Unnormalized Relation for Order Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Figure 6.10: Normalized Tables Created from Order Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Figure 6.11: An Entity-Relationship Diagram Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Non-relational Databases and Databases in the Cloud • Non-relational databases: “NoSQL” – – – – More flexible data model Data sets stored across distributed machines Easier to scale Handle large volumes of unstructured and structured data • Databases in the cloud – Appeal to start-ups, smaller businesses – Amazon Relational Database Service, Microsoft SQL Azure – Private clouds Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. The Challenge of Big Data • Big data • Massive sets of unstructured/semi-structured data from web traffic, social media, sensors, and so on • Volumes too great for typical DBMS • Petabytes, exabytes of data • Can

reveal more patterns, relationships and anomalies • Requires new tools and technologies to manage and analyze Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Business Intelligence Infrastructure (1 of 3) • Array of tools for obtaining information from separate systems and from big data • Data warehouse – Stores current and historical data from many core operational transaction systems – Consolidates and standardizes information for use across enterprise, but data cannot be altered – Provides analysis and reporting tools Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Business Intelligence Infrastructure (2 of 3) • Data marts – Subset of data warehouse – Typically focus on single subject or line of business • Hadoop – Enables distributed parallel processing of big data across inexpensive computers – Key services ▪ Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS): data storage ▪ MapReduce: breaks data into clusters for work ▪ Hbase: NoSQL database – Used Yahoo, NextBio Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Business Intelligence Infrastructure (3 of 3) • In-memory computing – Used in big data analysis – Uses computers main memory (RAM) for data storage to avoid delays in retrieving data from disk storage – Can reduce hours/days of processing to seconds – Requires optimized hardware • Analytic platforms – High-speed platforms using both relational and non-relational tools optimized for large datasets Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Figure 6.12: Contemporary Business Intelligence Infrastructure Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Analytical Tools: Relationships, Patterns, Trends • Tools for consolidating, analyzing, and providing access to vast amounts of data to help users make better business decisions – – – – Multidimensional data analysis (OLAP) Data mining Text mining Web mining Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) • Supports multidimensional data analysis – Viewing data using multiple dimensions – Each aspect of information (product, pricing, cost, region, time period) is different dimension – Example: How many washers sold in the East in June compared with other regions? • OLAP enables rapid, online answers to ad hoc queries Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Figure 6.13: Multidimensional Data Model Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Data Mining • Finds hidden patterns, relationships in datasets – Example: customer buying patterns • Infers rules to predict future behavior • Types of information obtainable from data mining: – – – – – Associations Sequences Classification Clustering Forecasting Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Text Mining and Web Mining • Text mining – Extracts key elements from large unstructured data sets – Sentiment analysis software • Web mining – Discovery and analysis of useful patterns and information from web – Web content mining – Web structure mining – Web usage mining Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Databases and the Web – Many companies use the web to make some internal databases available to customers or partners – Typical configuration includes: • Web server • Application server/middleware/CGI scripts • Database server (hosting DBMS) – Advantages of using the web for database access: • Ease of use of browser software • Web interface requires few or no changes to database • Inexpensive to add web interface to system Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Figure 6.14: Linking Internal Databases to the Web Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Establishing an Information Policy • Firm’s rules, procedures, roles for sharing, managing, standardizing data • Data administration – Establishes policies and procedures to manage data • Data governance – Deals with policies and processes for managing availability, usability, integrity, and security of data, especially regarding government regulations • Database administration – Creating and maintaining database Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. Ensuring Data Quality • More than 25 percent of critical

data in Fortune 1000 company databases are inaccurate or incomplete • Before new database is in place, a firm must: – Identify and correct faulty data – Establish better routines for editing data once database in operation • Data quality audit • Data cleansing Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education Ltd. CLICK HERE TO GET A PROFESSIONAL WRITER TO WORK ON THIS PAPER AND OTHER SIMILAR PAPERS CLICK THE BUTTON TO MAKE YOUR ORDER

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A free model of Free APE to MP3 Converter 1.zero could be discovered on our software library. Transform movies to MP3, M4A or different media format. The program supports over 500 fashionable and rare video formats: MP4, AVI, FLV, MKV, DVD, WMV, HD, H.264, MOV, VOB, SWF, TS, ape2mp3 windows WebM, Xvid, and so forth. Save soundtracks and extract music from a video in seconds. Unique audio high quality is preserved. Define Title, Artist, Album, Genre, Monitor or Yr for output MP3 recordsdata. Convert APE To MP3 Format And Break up It To Explicit person Tracks Utilizing CUE File. Step 3: Initiate FLAC to MP3 Conversion. Click "Upload", select music information of the next codecs: AAC, FLAC, M4A, MP3, OGG, WAV, WMA. Monkey's Audio is an algorithm and file format for lossless audio information compression. Lossless data compression does not discard info by the technique of encoding, in contrast to lossy compression methods akin to AAC, MP3, Vorbis and Musepack. Proper-click on transformed merchandise and choose Play Destination" to play the destination file, select Browse Vacation spot Folder" to open Home windows Explorer to browse the destination file. Top-of-the-line WAV to MP3 Converter that has a free trial version is iSkysoft iMedia Converter Deluxe. This software program is an audio converter that supports totally different input and output video codecs. You'll be able to enter codecs like WAV, MP3, APE, MKA, AU, FLAC, CAF and output file codecs like MP3, AAC, OGG, M4A, APE SD2 and AIFF. Help Apple Lossless Audio Freeware get hold of of Superior MP3 Converter House home windows eight 1.1, dimension 11.ninety Mb. On the listing of installed programs choose Free APE to MP3 Converter and then click on Uninstall. This may launch the uninstall wizard. To MP3 Converter supports full tags transfer from source information to output MP3s. You also can get pleasure from better-organised music thanks to loading lacking ID3 tags from on-line databases or local folders and file names. Browse your laptop or community to seek out the ape information you need to convert. This APE Converter software highly support batch conversion. Once you complete all steps and changes, just click on "Convert" button on the right backside of the interface. Then, all of your APE recordsdata can be transformed to your wanted audio format in a short time. In your comfort, there is a "Total progress" bar to remind you the entire course of. And the Elapsed time or audio-transcoder.com Remaining time can be a reminder, too. MP3 is a digital music format which allows CD tracks to be reduced to around a tenth of their normal dimension and not using a important lack of high quality. MP3 eliminates quite a lot of the data recorded in a song that our ears will not be in a position to hear and then uses advanced algorithms to scale back the file measurement. This then lets you get tons of of songs on to a CD and it additionally has opened up a brand new market over the web - the obtain market as download times have been significantly lowered. Notice: Clicking the arrow allows you to see the last used output codecs. Output folder: You possibly can put the converted mp3 information in the input folder, or put them to a separate folder. It's extremely quick, OGG to MP3 Converter is the fastest OGG to MP3 Converter accessible. So as to efficiently play Monkey's Audio efficiently, we had higher convert APE to extra widely accepted audio format. 1. Make certain the APE and CUE files are in the identical folder. Do konwersji strumieni audio do MP3 wykorzystywana jest najnowsza wersja kodera LAME. Program obsługuje kodowanie ze stałą przepływnością bitów - CBR, średnią - ABR oraz zmienną - VBR (presety LAME). Metadane (tagi) ze źródłowych plików APE i CUE są kopiowane do wynikowych plików MP3. A5: NO, any business utilization is strictly prohibited. For industrial licensing relating to OGG To MP3 Converter, please contact marketataccmewaredotcom. For additional configuration, press Settings button near the Profile menu to name up the Profile Settings panel where you're allowed to adjust export audio parameters to customise your individual set of high quality, including encoder, pattern price, channels and bitrate. MP3 is a digital format for storage of audio information designed by MPEG programmers. It is among the most required codecs for digital coding. The format is extensively utilized in numerous file-sharing websites for evaluation downloading. I choose the mp3 profile. I choose the vacation spot. The only possibility i get ists container. I attempt changing the extension to mp3, and I get a white noise file. I'm going with thets option and I get a file with sound, but if I rename it to mp3 it turns into white noise again. Reduce APE information and in addition be part of APE information. Dealing with audio recordsdata is a norm in a technologically superior world. One needs to be educated for creating audio-visual displays. Artists have to master the craft of dealing with them as a way to make music. Good news! MP3 Toolkit, an all-in-one software program, is the newest creation that may surely make life easier for newbies and junkies alike. c. In windows explorer, choose your ape recordsdata, right click on them, click on convert to. Choose MP3, choose your settings. As to APE files associated with Cue, if there is no such thing as a Cue file, it may't select the music when playing the file. Open the Cue file with Notepad program, you'll discover that it data the singers of total album in APE files, album identify, APE file name, track number, each observe title, artist, begin time and end time. Thus it is so necessary for you if you wish to burn CD with the APE file, or to split single APE file into particular person songs.

To transform audio streams to MP3 the appliance makes use of the newest version of the LAME encoder. The program helps encoding with a relentless bit price - CBR, common bitrate - ABR and variable bit charge - VBR (LAME presets). Metadata (tags) from the source FLAC and CUE recordsdata are copied to the output MP3 files. Click the "Add File" button on the left high of the program. In the popping up window, choose the APE file you want to the program. There is a small preview window for you to preview the audio files or video clips.We advocate utilizing Monkey's Audio to compress audio CDs to your PC. Your songs will not lose their high quality however will take up less house than in the event that they had been uncompressed. What's more, Monkey's Audio handles tag support, retaining all your file data, like artist title, track numbers and playing time. To convert OGG Vorbis to MP3, you just must follow 2 easy steps. When the file required to uninstall Magic APE to MP3 Converter is corrupted or missing, it will be unable to uninstall this system. In such circumstance, reinstalling Magic APE to MP3 Converter could do the trick. Run the installer both in the authentic disk or the download file to reinstall this system once more. Generally, the installer could can help you repair or uninstall this system as nicely.

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PyCharm crack is able to aid worker who the whole thing in expansion of network. It bounces calmest manners of in what way to engrave cryptogram to kind any spot. This submission resolves also elasticity apparatuses or ruses in construction unlike user interface design. Very erratic manipulators cannot identify about user interface proposal. This application drive expresses you anywhere to usage the ticket. Once you inscribe everything of cypher when comprehensive unique line this request brands emphasize wherever you need complete the fault. This claim likewise bounces us these abilities to correct our errors via manually as well as if you do not see what to prepare succeeding. This claim will then bounce you selection to auto correct. That people can change to an empathetic and type your web-site in extra relaxed ways lacking any matters, delivers relaxed to knob triangulation switches for disruption allowed coding. These assistance in whole expert Python expansion, it will give statistics improper in a relaxed to appreciate technique to correctly work together on exertion. Countless novel and enhanced tackles for translating appliances. I could not reason of a database through Software since I might belief it. The request resolve offer comprehensive help in growing of Internet. It consumes influential fitted repairing tackles. Refactoring is procedure of reformation encryption of sequencer wanting varying the exterior conduct of driver. The use of refactoring is to expand routine of sequencer. The computer programmer can re-factor enigma like vegetation, give new name in a nontoxic and competent approach. Crash identifies errors in addition faults. These blunders also errors stress the properties. An inaccuracy uncovering meaning can accept individual respected period. You jerry can easily generate everyday jobs designed for Spaces. Python is a lively article focused on program writing verbal that tin can is secondhand for countless types of software expansion in addition other turfs such in place of numbers discipline. It suggestions strong sustenance for mixing with extra idioms and tackles, derives by means of extensive typical lending library, and container be educated in a scarce beings. Helpful the Crack the good recover the point of select. Its Crack latest version is help for the more programming languages Typescript, Coffee Script, etc. Crack new version is easy to use for programming. Good software through the more plug-in. Its gives the more function to contact with the need of now a days programming. Crack provides the more code selection or more. Its contains a different color to use the each user. User can notice that the user through the more chances and ways. Successive key is calculated for qualified Python creators and takes countless landscapes to transaction with great code bases: code perusing in single unified boundary, reflex rearrangement. It is a bright Python publishing director with occupied sustenance for this, as fine in place of automated cypher study in addition code renovation. It takes a united Python de-bugger also a graphical element test jogger. It is planned by computer programmer to offer entirely tools those workers essential intended for effectual expansion of Python designed for computer scientist. Appeal sees the whole thing about cryptogram. Depend on it designed for bright code close, immediate fault inspection and fast shots, relaxed scheme triangulation. This claim offers many structures on behalf of creator, such as repairing also accumulating tackles. Around may be numerous linguists designed. 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Likewise, it resolves display the infection in scheme in addition propose a conceivable answer. There remain no confines to buoyed idioms for some agenda. We can do spontaneously expansion as it permits farsighted the variations glistening. Uncluttered the mesh page in spaces then at that time change cryptogram, He resolves the code vicissitudes productivity rapidly. Jet Brainpowers attempts its finest to offer all fecund tools to creators. Python takes diverse contexts for unlike sorts of progresses. You can organize web progress consuming the Threat, Decanter context. The agenda comprises changed idioms funding. A discrete donation is economy than donations for businesses for the reason that it is nontransferable. If we effort in a concern and acquisition and discrete payment, it remainders through you if you be situated to constantly dispensation the establishment. Proceeds gain of verbal aware cypher completion, error uncovering, Fly cipher injections! 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Python is a lively article focused on program writing verbal that tin can is secondhand for countless types of software expansion in addition other turfs such in place of numbers discipline. It suggestions strong sustenance for mixing with extra idioms and tackles, derives by means of extensive typical lending library, and container be educated in a scarce beings. Helpful the Crack the good recover the point of select. Its Crack latest version is help for the more programming languages Typescript, Coffee Script, etc. Crack new version is easy to use for programming. Good software through the more plug-in. Its gives the more function to contact with the need of now a days programming. Crack provides the more code selection or more. Its contains a different color to use the each user. User can notice that the user through the more chances and ways. Successive key is calculated for qualified Python creators and takes countless landscapes to transaction with great code bases: code perusing in single unified boundary, reflex rearrangement. It is a bright Python publishing director with occupied sustenance for this, as fine in place of automated cypher study in addition code renovation. It takes a united Python de-bugger also a graphical element test jogger. It is planned by computer programmer to offer entirely tools those workers essential intended for effectual expansion of Python designed for computer scientist. Appeal sees the whole thing about cryptogram. Depend on it designed for bright code close, immediate fault inspection and fast shots, relaxed scheme triangulation. This claim offers many structures on behalf of creator, such as repairing also accumulating tackles. Around may be numerous linguists designed. 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As apiece our prerequisite, you jerry can undeveloped the dynamism case, you do not lone except zip records. You can portion these zip documents anyplace you hunger. You can likewise electronic mail others through a scarce click. Beginning Crucial debugger through the Graphical UI intended for the java writing they stretch to generate then run our exam selection with inordinate coding help GUI test improper sprinter. The proficient would copiously control their cypher for python silhouette managing. Around are massive catalog apparatuses for experts. In calculation to totally directly above structures, it affords paramount class backing to few python snare expansion agendas. It offers live deletion tackles to worker. The worker unbolts the side besides, at identical time, it cruising, and then variations are actuality ended on side. 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[pycharm-professional-crac3s]

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