#bobby fischer chess 1967

[henk-heijmans]

Bobby Fischer (1943 – 2008 / USA), the best (and worst) thing to ever happen to American chess, 1967 - by Philippe Halsman (1906 – 1979), Latvian/Russian/American

[arinewman7]

Bobby Fischer

Photography by Philippe Halsman

New York City, 1967

[bobbyfischerhistory]

Chess: Fischer Wins Again

The Guardian London, Greater London, England Thursday, January 26, 1967

Chess: Fischer Wins Again BOBBY FISCHER has just won the United States championship for the eighth time at the age of 23. His continued success when the incentive which brought the first victory is long past is a remarkable achievement. Fischer scored 9½ out of 11, conceding only three draws and finishing two points ahead of the runner-up. Larry Evans, who was himself 1½ points clear of Benko and Sherwin in third place. Reshevsky, once the undisputed king of American chess, scored only 4½ points to finish a modest eighth. Here are two of Fischer's wins from the US championship.

https://bobby-fischer-1967.blogspot.com/2018/04/chess-fischer-wins-again.html

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29360582/chess_fischer_wins_again/

https://www.facebook.com/BobbyFischerTruth/posts/582185978967550

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 9.1

1145 – The main altar of Lund Cathedral, at the time seat of the archiepiscopal see of all the Nordic countries, is consecrated. 1173 – The widow Stamira sacrifices herself in order to raise the siege of Ancona by the forces of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. 1355 – King Tvrtko I of Bosnia writes In castro nostro Vizoka vocatum from the Old town of Visoki. 1420 – A 9.4 MS-strong earthquake shakes Chile's Atacama Region causing tsunamis in Chile as well as Hawaii and Japan. 1449 – Tumu Crisis: The Mongols capture the Emperor of China. 1529 – The Spanish fort of Sancti Spiritu, the first one built in modern Argentina, is destroyed by natives. 1532 – Lady Anne Boleyn is made Marquess of Pembroke by her fiancé, King Henry VIII of England. 1604 – Adi Granth, now known as Guru Granth Sahib, the holy scripture of Sikhs, was first installed at Harmandir Sahib. 1644 – Battle of Tippermuir: James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose defeats the Earl of Wemyss's Covenanters, reviving the Royalist cause. 1715 – At the age of five, Louis XV becomes king of France in succession to his great-grandfather, King Louis XIV. 1763 – Catherine II of Russia endorses Ivan Betskoy's plans for a Foundling Home in Moscow. 1772 – The Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa is founded in San Luis Obispo, California. 1774 – Massachusetts Bay colonists rise up in the bloodless Powder Alarm. 1804 – Juno, one of the largest asteroids in the Main Belt, is discovered by the German astronomer Karl Ludwig Harding. 1831 – The Order of St. Gregory the Great is established by Pope Gregory XVI of the Vatican State to recognize high support for the Vatican or for the Pope, by a man or a woman, and not necessarily a Roman Catholic. 1836 – Narcissa Whitman, one of the first English-speaking white women to settle west of the Rocky Mountains, arrives at Walla Walla, Washington. 1838 – Saint Andrew's Scots School, the oldest school of British origin in South America, is established. 1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Chantilly: Confederate Army troops defeat a group of retreating Union Army troops in Chantilly, Virginia. 1864 – American Civil War: The Confederate Army General John Bell Hood orders the evacuation of Atlanta, ending a four-month siege by General William Tecumseh Sherman. 1870 – Franco-Prussian War: The Battle of Sedan is fought, resulting in a decisive Prussian victory. 1873 – Cetshwayo ascends to the throne as king of the Zulu nation following the death of his father Mpande. 1878 – Emma Nutt becomes the world's first female telephone operator when she is recruited by Alexander Graham Bell to the Boston Telephone Dispatch Company. 1880 – The army of Mohammad Ayub Khan is routed by the British at the Battle of Kandahar, ending the Second Anglo-Afghan War. 1894 – Over 400 people die in the Great Hinckley Fire, a forest fire in Hinckley, Minnesota. 1897 – The Tremont Street Subway in Boston opens, becoming the first underground rapid transit system in North America. 1905 – Alberta and Saskatchewan join the Canadian confederation. 1906 – The International Federation of Intellectual Property Attorneys is established. 1911 – The armored cruiser Georgios Averof is commissioned into the Greek Navy. It now serves as a museum ship. 1914 – St. Petersburg, Russia, changes its name to Petrograd. 1914 – The last known passenger pigeon, a female named Martha, dies in captivity in the Cincinnati Zoo. 1920 – The Fountain of Time opens as a tribute to the 100 years of peace between the United States and Great Britain following the Treaty of Ghent. 1923 – The Great Kantō earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama, killing about 105,000 people. 1928 – Ahmet Zogu declares Albania to be a monarchy and proclaims himself king. 1934 – The first Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer animated cartoon, The Discontented Canary, is released to movie theatres. 1939 – World War II: Nazi Germany and Slovakia invade Poland, beginning the European phase of World War II. 1939 – General George C. Marshall becomes Chief of Staff of the United States Army. 1939 – The Wound Badge for Wehrmacht, SS, Kriegsmarine, and Luftwaffe soldiers is instituted. The final version of the Iron Cross is also instituted on this date. 1939 – Switzerland mobilizes its forces and the Swiss Parliament elects Henri Guisan to head the Swiss Armed Forces (an event that can happen only during war or mobilization). 1939 – Adolf Hitler signs an order to begin the systematic euthanasia of mentally ill and disabled people. 1941 – The Holocaust: The Nazis execute 2,500 Jews by shooting in Ostroh, Ukraine. 1951 – The United States, Australia and New Zealand sign a mutual defense pact, called the ANZUS Treaty. 1952 – The Old Man and the Sea, the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Ernest Hemingway, is first published. 1958 – Iceland expands its fishing zone, putting it into conflict with the United Kingdom, beginning the Cod Wars. 1961 – The Eritrean War of Independence officially begins with the shooting of Ethiopian police by Hamid Idris Awate. 1961 – The first conference of the Non-Aligned Countries is held in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. 1967 – The Khmer–Chinese Friendship Association is banned in Cambodia. 1967 – Six-Day War: The Khartoum Resolution is issued at the Arab Summit, and eight countries adopt the "three 'no's against Israel". 1969 – A coup in Libya brings Muammar Gaddafi to power. 1969 – Trần Thiện Khiêm becomes Prime Minister of South Vietnam under President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu. 1970 – Palestinian guerrillas attack the motorcade of King Hussein of Jordan in a failed assassination attempt. 1972 – In Reykjavík, Iceland, American Bobby Fischer beats Russian Boris Spassky to become the world chess champion. 1974 – The SR-71 Blackbird sets (and holds) the record for flying from New York to London in the time of one hour, 54 minutes and 56.4 seconds at a speed of 1,435.587 miles per hour (2,310.353 km/h). 1979 – The American space probe Pioneer 11 becomes the first spacecraft to visit Saturn when it passes the planet at a distance of 21,000 kilometres (13,000 mi). 1980 – Major General Chun Doo-hwan becomes President of South Korea, following the resignation of Choi Kyu-hah. 1981 – A coup d'état in the Central African Republic overthrows President David Dacko. 1982 – The United States Air Force Space Command is founded. 1983 – Cold War: Korean Air Lines Flight 007 is shot down by a Soviet Union jet fighter when the commercial aircraft enters Soviet airspace, killing all 269 on board, including Congressman Lawrence McDonald. 1985 – A joint American–French expedition locates the wreckage of the RMS Titanic. 1991 – Uzbekistan declares independence from the Soviet Union. 2004 – The Beslan school siege begins when armed terrorists take schoolchildren and school staff hostage in North Ossetia, Russia; by the end of the siege, three days later, more than 385 people are dead (including hostages, other civilians, security personnel and terrorists).

[aparchives]

#ThisWeekInHistory: Academy Award-winning actress Vivien Leigh, 53, died in London (7/8/1967); the World Chess Championship opened as grandmasters Bobby Fischer of the United States and defending champion Boris Spassky of the Soviet Union began play in Reykjavik, Iceland (7/11/1972); John F. Kennedy won the Democratic presidential nomination on the first ballot at his party’s convention in Los Angeles, outdrawing rivals including Lyndon B. Johnson, Stuart Symington and Adlai Stevenson (7/13/1960). 

[thestorybehindourmusic]

Album Art (part 2)

As I continue discovering the art of album covers, an art that was almost lost to the world of digital music and streaming, I’ve come to realize that some albums were done by very famous visual artists. I don’t mean the copy of Beethoven’s 5th that has some painting by Monet on the cover, I mean artwork that was actually made for and produced specifically to be an album cover.

The first album that had a famous artist produce the artwork for it was the cover of Jackie Gleason’s 1955 easy listening release “Lonesome Echo”. It is not really music that you can hear on KEOM but if any of the audience happens to be fans of the 20th century artist Salvador Dali, then you will be scouring the used record shops to find your very own copy of the only album cover the painter did.

Another famous pop artist that made special art for an album cover was Andy Warhol for the band the Velvet Underground . I’m not sure when KEOM will ever put Velvet Underground into the play rotation, but it is still a great piece of album art and worth noting. You did get to hear some Velvet Underground at the intro of today’s show(Small Clip From Sweet Jane).  The artist had a relationship with the band for a few years prior to the 1967 release with his artwork on the cover. Mr. Warhol had been producing a very different style of art from items or pictures that most Americans were already familiar with. He remade things like soup cans and pictures of Marilyn Monroe in to crazy pieces of art. The album is a simple picture of a banana in the usual cartoony Warhol style that is easy to identify.

(One Less Bell To Answer by The 5th Dimension)A song that you might hear on KEOM is this one by the 5th Dimension, “One Less Bell to Answer” from their 1970 “Portrait” album. This time the famous artist was known for his sports related art and was the official artist of the Olympic Games. He painted everything from golfer Arnold Palmer to famous racehorses and was even on television as he painted the otherwise dull chess match between Boris Spassky and american Bobby Fischer. His name was LeRoy Neiman and like the two artists I mentioned before, his style was unmistakable. Mr. Neiman never had his subjects “sit” for him but rather insisted that he do his sketches as the action took place. He went to the studio and drew the group in action and then returned to New York and turned those sketches into an amazing full color album cover.

I’ll have examples of these covers on my blog site so you can enjoy them too. Next time we’ll talk about some covers that were just too much for the censors. And remember, as you’re looking through those old used albums, that cover may be by a famous artist.

[multipleservicelisting]

Lubomir Kavalek, Czech Who Became U.S. Chess Champion, Dies at 77

Lubomir Kavalek, a chess grandmaster who fled Czechoslovakia after the 1968 Soviet invasion and, after moving to the United States, became a three-time national champion, died on Monday at his home in Reston, Va. He was 77.

His wife, Irena Kavalek, said the cause was cancer.

From the mid-1960s until about 1980, Mr. Kavalek (pronounced kuv-AH-lick) was consistently among the best chess players in the world, winning more than a dozen major international tournaments. His world ranking peaked at No. 10 in 1974.

He was also one of the first and most elite players to flee the Soviet bloc for the West.

Mr. Kavalek was playing in a tournament in Poland in August 1968 when the Soviet tanks rolled into Czechoslovakia to put down the rising tide of political liberalization and dissent. Ms. Kavalek, then Irena Koritsanska, was with him in Poland. It was immediately clear to them, she said. that they did not want to stay in the East.

As soon as the tournament was over, they drove back to Prague, where Mr. Kavalek paused only to gather a few things. He then jumped in his car and drove to Austria. He had a visa to enter the country, where he was expecting to take part in a tournament in a few weeks. From there he went to Munich to stay with his father, who was working for Radio Free Europe and whom he had not seen in 20 years.

Only 24 hours after leaving Poland, Mr. Kavalek was safely in West Germany.

Ms. Koritsanska left Czechoslovakia a month later for Amsterdam on a student visa. She did not return, living there for four years and seeing Mr. Kavalek from time to time.

Mr. Kavalek stayed with his father until 1970, when he emigrated to the United States with help from the United States Chess Federation. He eventually became a citizen. Ms. Koritsanska was able to join him in 1972, and they were married shortly afterward.

From the moment he entered the United States, Mr. Kavalek, who was often called Lubosh, was among the country’s top players.

In 1972, he tied for first in the United States Championship. It was a qualifying tournament for the cycle for the world championship, but Mr. Kavalek lost the playoff to Robert Byrne. He tied for first again the next year, this time with John Grefe.

In 1978, he finally took clear first.

Mr. Kavalek became a member of the biennial United States Chess Olympiad team and played for it seven times from 1972 to 1986, including three times as the top board. He played on the 1976 team that was the first American team to win the gold medal since the 1930s, though the win was tainted: The Soviet bloc countries had boycotted the competition because it was held in Israel.

Lubomir Kavalek was born in Prague on Aug. 9, 1943, the only child of Ludomir and Stephanie (Kreipl) Kavalek. His father worked in the film industry, and his mother was a nurse.

When he was 5, his parents split up and his father left for West Germany.

Mr. Kavalek was about 11 when he started playing chess. He joined a chess club in his school and took to the game instantly.

In 1962, just after he turned 19, he won the Czechoslovak championship, becoming the country’s youngest champion. He won the title again in 1968, shortly before he fled the country.

In 1965, he was awarded the title grandmaster, the game’s highest, by the World Chess Federation, the game’s governing body. At the time, there were fewer than 100 grandmasters in the world; there are now more than 1,700.

He studied communication and journalism in Czechoslovakia and, when he arrived in the United States, studied Russian literature for two years at George Washington University in Washington.

During his first two years in the United States, he worked for Voice of America. As part of his work, he covered the 1972 world championship match in Reykjavik, Iceland, between the American Bobby Fischer and the Russian Boris Spassky. He also helped Mr. Fischer analyze some of the games during the match. (They had played each other once, during a world championship qualifying tournament in 1967. That game ended in a draw.) After Mr. Fischer won and became world champion, he gave Mr. Kavalek an exclusive interview.

In 1973, Mr. Kavalek became a full-time chess professional. In addition to earning some tournament prize money, he supported himself by writing about chess, particularly in his later years. He wrote several chess books and articles for Chess Life, the official magazine of the United States Chess Federation, and British Chess Magazine. From 1973 to 1986, he was editor in chief of chess publishing for a small company, RHM Press.

He also wrote a chess column for The Washington Post from 1986 to 2010 and, after The Post canceled the column, for The Huffington Post until 2017.

Ryan Grim, who was The Huffington Post’s Washington bureau chief from 2009 to 2017, sometimes edited Mr. Kavalek’s columns. “He was a very good writer,” Mr. Grim said. “His column took very little editing.”

In addition to his wife, Mr. Kavalek is survived by their son, Steven, and a grandson.

In 1979, Mr. Kavalek tried his hand as a chess promoter, organizing an elite 10-player tournament in Montreal that featured most of the world’s top players, including Mr. Kavalek himself. The tournament was won by Anatoly Karpov, the reigning world champion.

The format was that each player faced all the others twice. In the first half of the tournament, Mr. Kavalek finished last, scoring only 1.5 points out of a possible 9. But in the second half he roared back, playing the best of anyone to score 6.5 points.

    Multiple Service Listing for Business Owners | Tools to Grow Your Local Business

www.MultipleServiceListing.com 

from Multiple Service Listing https://ift.tt/399d5C3

[federer7]

USA. New York City. Halsman's studio. 1967.  Bobby FISCHER, US chess champion.

© Philippe Halsman/Magnum Photos

[chesstourscl]

Miniaturas inmortales: La masacre de Fischer (new). Robert James Fischer...

[thechesspuzzler]

Geller: Fischer’s Worst Nightmare – Scopje 1967

[typologycentral]

Combine Your Western Astrology + Your Chinese Zodiac Signs.

Primal Astrology If you need to find your Chinese Astrology sign, click here. Pisces + Sheep = Leafy Seadragon PRIMAL ZODIAC SIGN OF LEAFY SEADRAGON Kind, dreamy, and sensitive, those born under the Primal Zodiac sign of the Leafy Seadragon are some of the world’s most imaginative thinkers. Like their animal namesake, members of this sign tend to float through life unnoticed, quietly and steadily making their way forward by following their excellent intuition. It’s easy for them to get sidetracked or caught up in the current of the real world, but Leafy Seadragons do best when they follow their hearts instead of trying to do what seems most practical. Practicality, organization, and efficiency are not their strengths, yet members of this sign often feel guilty or stupid for not mastering them. They are extremely sensitive to what others think about them and hate to appear weak or incapable. In truth, Leafy Seadragons are highly intelligent individuals who happen to have minds that work differently than most. They must learn to accept and embrace this reality if they ever want to feel content - an experience that is naturally difficult for them already. Because they are so sensitive, impressionable, and eager to please, members of this sign can be easily influenced by their surroundings. They often seek dominant personalities to help guide them through life and balance out their weaknesses, but this doesn’t always work as well as it sounds. Leafy Seadragons go with the flow, even if that flow takes them somewhere they don’t want to be. In the animal kingdom, their cousin the seahorse can anchor itself to the ocean floor, keeping it from washing ashore or into harm’s way. The leafy seadragon does not have this ability. More than anything, this is a sign of big dreamers. Those born under this sign spend a very sizable chunk of their time lost in their own thoughts, wading through the waters of their own dreams and visions to find the ideas that they believe can change the world. The thing is, they are right. Kurt Cobain and Billy Corgan re-invented rock music in the 1990’s, some 30 years after George Harrison did as a member of the Beatles. Alexander Graham Bell created the technology that allows people to communicate across the world, while Apple’s Steve Jobs has redesigned the way that technology is used in our everyday lives. Chess mastermind Bobby Fischer and Sistine Chapel painter Michelangelo are considered some of the greatest geniuses to have ever lived. Every one of them is a Leafy Seadragon. COMPATIBILITY (LOVE & FRIENDSHIP) Members of this sign enjoy being social, but also need a fair amount of time alone with their thoughts. Even if they have a career where they have to be the center of attention, Leafy Seadragons prefer to be on the sidelines of social situations. They prefer groups of like-minded individuals where they can share thoughts and ideas, particularly about esoteric topics that few others share their passion for. People like Leafy Seadragons because they are kind, giving, nurturing, and interesting. They are always well-mannered and well-dressed for social gatherings. While friendships are easy for this sign, romantic relationships tend to be much more complicated. Leafy Seadragons believe that what brings them success in their friendships should apply to their love lives, but this rarely ends up working. Those born under this sign tend to be attracted to their opposites, which naturally creates conflict in the relationship. They are loving and romantic, but also disorganized and absent-minded, which their partners (who are probably the opposite) are likely to find annoying. Add to that their immense sensitivity and you’ve got a big challenge on your hands. Luckily, Leafy Seadragons are resilient and believe that anything is possible. They have kind hearts and are always willing to make things right. CAREERS & GOALS All Leafy Seadragons have a keen artistic sensibility. Many are artists, actors, musicians, dancers, illustrators, and painters, but even those who aren’t are at the very least appreciators of art. They may or may not do it professionally, but you would be hard pressed to find a Leafy Seadragon who didn’t have an opinion on architecture, design, interior decorating, or art history. Each one could be an art critic in his or her own right, but they would rather spend their time creating than criticizing. This is not a sign known for having a very long attention span, so choosing a career where one has to sit in one place and focus for long periods of time is probably a bad idea. Leafy Seadragons need to take on several different projects each day, and if those projects help others than all the better. This is a sign who knows what their interests are and should try to find a career that fits those interests. The wrong career will ultimately lead to frustration, depression, and anxiety, no matter how hard they try to make it fit. FAMOUS LEAFY SEADRAGONS Adam Levine (3/18/1979) Benji and Joel Madden (3/11/1979) Jennifer Love Hewitt (2/21/1979) Billy Corgan (3/17/1967) Andrew Shue (2/20/1967) Kurt Cobain (2/20/1967) Bruce Willis (3/19/1955) Gary Sinise (3/17/1955) Dee Snider (3/15/1955) Gilbert Gottfried (2/28/1955) Alain Prost (2/24/1955) Steven Jobs (2/24/1955) Howard Jones (2/23/1955) Kelsey Grammer (2/21/1955) Bobby Fischer (3/9/1943) Lynn Redgrave (3/8/1943) Mary Frann (2/27/1943) George Harrison (2/25/1943) David Geffen (2/21/1943) Hal Linden (3/20/1931) Rupert Murdoch (3/11/1931) Mikhail Gorbachev (3/2/1931) Nat "King" Cole (3/17/1919) Jennifer Jones (3/2/1919) Earl Scheib (2/28/1907) Robert Young (2/22/1907) Sheldon Leonard (2/22/1907) Shemp Howard (3/17/1895) Alexander Graham Bell (3/3/1847) James Madison (3/16/1751) Michelangelo Buonarroti (3/6/1475) ZODIAC CALCULATION Leafy Seadragons have the Tropical Sun sign of Pisces, and are born during the Chinese Zodiac’s Year of the Sheep. http://www.typologycentral.com/forums/other-personality-systems/89448-combine-western-astrology-chinese-zodiac-signs-new-post.html?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=tumblr

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 9.1

1173 – The widow Stamira sacrifices herself in order to raise the siege of Ancona by the forces of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. 1355 – King Tvrtko I of Bosnia writes In castro nostro Vizoka vocatum from the Old town of Visoki. 1420 – A 9.4 MS-strong earthquake shakes Chile's Atacama Region causing tsunamis in Chile as well as Hawaii and Japan. 1449 – Tumu Crisis: The Mongols capture the Emperor of China. 1529 – The Spanish fort of Sancti Spiritu, the first one built in modern Argentina, is destroyed by natives. 1532 – Lady Anne Boleyn is made Marquess of Pembroke by her fiancé, King Henry VIII of England. 1604 – Adi Granth, now known as Guru Granth Sahib, the holy scripture of Sikhs, was first installed at Harmandir Sahib. 1644 – Battle of Tippermuir: James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose defeats the Earl of Wemyss's Covenanters, reviving the Royalist cause. 1715 – At the age of five, Louis XV becomes king of France in succession to his great-grandfather, King Louis XIV. 1763 – Catherine II of Russia endorses Ivan Betskoy's plans for a Foundling Home in Moscow. 1772 – The Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa is founded in San Luis Obispo, California. 1774 – Massachusetts Bay colonists rise up in the bloodless Powder Alarm. 1804 – Juno, one of the largest asteroids in the Main Belt, is discovered by the German astronomer Karl Ludwig Harding. 1831 – The Order of St. Gregory the Great is established by Pope Gregory XVI of the Vatican State to recognize high support for the Vatican or for the Pope, by a man or a woman, and not necessarily a Roman Catholic. 1836 – Narcissa Whitman, one of the first English-speaking white women to settle west of the Rocky Mountains, arrives at Walla Walla, Washington. 1838 – Saint Andrew's Scots School, the oldest school of British origin in South America, is established. 1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Chantilly: Confederate Army troops defeat a group of retreating Union Army troops in Chantilly, Virginia. 1864 – American Civil War: The Confederate Army General John Bell Hood orders the evacuation of Atlanta, ending a four-month siege by General William Tecumseh Sherman. 1870 – Franco-Prussian War: The Battle of Sedan is fought, resulting in a decisive Prussian victory. 1873 – Cetshwayo ascends to the throne as king of the Zulu nation following the death of his father Mpande. 1878 – Emma Nutt becomes the world's first female telephone operator when she is recruited by Alexander Graham Bell to the Boston Telephone Dispatch Company. 1880 – The army of Mohammad Ayub Khan is routed by the British at the Battle of Kandahar, ending the Second Anglo-Afghan War. 1894 – Over 400 people die in the Great Hinckley Fire, a forest fire in Hinckley, Minnesota. 1897 – The Tremont Street Subway in Boston opens, becoming the first underground rapid transit system in North America. 1905 – Alberta and Saskatchewan join the Canadian confederation. 1906 – The International Federation of Intellectual Property Attorneys is established. 1911 – The armored cruiser Georgios Averof is commissioned into the Greek Navy. It now serves as a museum ship. 1914 – St. Petersburg, Russia, changes its name to Petrograd. 1914 – The last known passenger pigeon, a female named Martha, dies in captivity in the Cincinnati Zoo. 1920 – The Fountain of Time opens as a tribute to the 100 years of peace between the United States and Great Britain following the Treaty of Ghent. 1923 – The Great Kantō earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama, killing about 105,000 people. 1928 – Ahmet Zogu declares Albania to be a monarchy and proclaims himself king. 1934 – The first Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer animated cartoon, The Discontented Canary, is released to movie theatres. 1939 – World War II: Nazi Germany and Slovakia invade Poland, beginning the European phase of World War II. 1939 – General George C. Marshall becomes Chief of Staff of the United States Army. 1939 – The Wound Badge for Wehrmacht, SS, Kriegsmarine, and Luftwaffe soldiers is instituted. The final version of the Iron Cross is also instituted on this date. 1939 – Switzerland mobilizes its forces and the Swiss Parliament elects Henri Guisan to head the Swiss Armed Forces (an event that can happen only during war or mobilization). 1939 – Adolf Hitler signs an order to begin the systematic euthanasia of mentally ill and disabled people. 1941 – The Nazis execute 2,500 Jews by shooting in Ostroh, Ukraine. 1951 – The United States, Australia and New Zealand sign a mutual defense pact, called the ANZUS Treaty. 1952 – The Old Man and the Sea, the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Ernest Hemingway, is first published. 1958 – Iceland expands its fishing zone, putting it into conflict with the United Kingdom, beginning the Cod Wars. 1961 – The Eritrean War of Independence officially begins with the shooting of Ethiopian police by Hamid Idris Awate. 1961 – The first conference of the Non-Aligned Countries is held in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. 1967 – The Khmer–Chinese Friendship Association is banned in Cambodia. 1967 – Six-Day War: The Khartoum Resolution is issued at the Arab Summit, and eight countries adopt the "three 'no's against Israel". 1969 – A coup in Libya brings Muammar Gaddafi to power. 1969 – Trần Thiện Khiêm becomes Prime Minister of South Vietnam under President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu. 1970 – Palestinian guerrillas attack the motorcade of King Hussein of Jordan in a failed assassination attempt. 1972 – In Reykjavík, Iceland, American Bobby Fischer beats Russian Boris Spassky to become the world chess champion. 1974 – The SR-71 Blackbird sets (and holds) the record for flying from New York to London in the time of one hour, 54 minutes and 56.4 seconds at a speed of 1,435.587 miles per hour (2,310.353 km/h). 1979 – The American space probe Pioneer 11 becomes the first spacecraft to visit Saturn when it passes the planet at a distance of 21,000 kilometres (13,000 mi). 1980 – Major General Chun Doo-hwan becomes President of South Korea, following the resignation of Choi Kyu-hah. 1981 – A coup d'état in the Central African Republic overthrows President David Dacko. 1982 – The United States Air Force Space Command is founded. 1983 – Cold War: Korean Air Lines Flight 007 is shot down by a Soviet Union jet fighter when the commercial aircraft enters Soviet airspace, killing all 269 on board, including Congressman Lawrence McDonald. 1985 – A joint American–French expedition locates the wreckage of the RMS Titanic. 1991 – Uzbekistan declares independence from the Soviet Union. 2004 – The Beslan school siege begins when armed terrorists take schoolchildren and school staff hostage in North Ossetia, Russia; by the end of the siege three days later more than 385 people are dead (including hostages, other civilians, security personnel and terrorists). 2019 – Hurricane Dorian makes landfall in the Bahamas, killing at least 74 people and causing around $3.4 billion worth of damage.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 9.1

1355 – King Tvrtko I of Bosnia writes In castro nostro Vizoka vocatum from the Old town of Visoki. 1420 – A 9.4 MS-strong earthquake shakes Chile's Atacama Region causing tsunamis in Chile as well as Hawaii and Japan. 1449 – Tumu Crisis: Mongols capture the Emperor of China. 1529 – The Spanish fort of Sancti Spiritu, the first one built in modern Argentina, is destroyed by natives. 1532 – Lady Anne Boleyn is made Marquess of Pembroke by her fiancé, King Henry VIII of England. 1604 – Adi Granth, now known as Guru Granth Sahib, the holy scripture of Sikhs, was first installed at Harmandir Sahib. 1644 – Battle of Tippermuir: James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose defeats the Earl of Wemyss's Covenanters, reviving the Royalist cause. 1715 – King Louis XIV of France dies after a reign of 72 years, which is the longest of any major European monarch. 1763 – Catherine II of Russia endorses Ivan Betskoy's plans for a Foundling Home in Moscow 1772 – The Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa is founded in San Luis Obispo, California. 1774 – Massachusetts Bay colonists rise up in the bloodless Powder Alarm. 1804 – Juno, one of the largest asteroids in the Main Belt, is discovered by the German astronomer Karl Ludwig Harding. 1831 – The high honor of Order of St. Gregory the Great is established by Pope Gregory XVI of the Vatican State to recognize high support for the Vatican or for the Pope, by a man or a woman, and not necessarily a Roman Catholic. 1836 – Narcissa Whitman, one of the first English-speaking white women to settle west of the Rocky Mountains, arrives at Walla Walla, Washington. 1838 – Saint Andrew's Scots School, the oldest school of British origin in South America, is established. 1859 – One of the largest coronal mass ejections ever recorded, later to be known as the Carrington Event, occurs. 1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Chantilly: Confederate Army troops defeat a group of retreating Union Army troops in Chantilly, Virginia. 1864 – American Civil War: The Confederate Army General John Bell Hood orders the evacuation of Atlanta, ending a four-month siege by General William Tecumseh Sherman. 1870 – Franco-Prussian War: The Battle of Sedan is fought, resulting in a decisive Prussian victory. 1873 – Cetshwayo ascends to the throne as king of the Zulu nation following the death of his father Mpande. 1878 – Emma Nutt becomes the world's first female telephone operator when she is recruited by Alexander Graham Bell to the Boston Telephone Dispatch Company. 1880 – The army of Mohammad Ayub Khan is routed by the British at the Battle of Kandahar, ending the Second Anglo-Afghan War 1894 – Over 400 people die in the Great Hinckley Fire, a forest fire in Hinckley, Minnesota. 1897 – The Tremont Street Subway in Boston opens, becoming the first underground rapid transit system in North America. 1905 – Alberta and Saskatchewan join the Canadian confederation. 1906 – The International Federation of Intellectual Property Attorneys is established. 1911 – The armored cruiser Georgios Averof is commissioned into the Greek Navy. It now serves as a museum ship. 1914 – St. Petersburg, Russia, changes its name to Petrograd. 1914 – The last known passenger pigeon, a female named Martha, dies in captivity in the Cincinnati Zoo. 1920 – The Fountain of Time opens as a tribute to the 100 years of peace between the United States and Great Britain following the Treaty of Ghent. 1923 – The Great Kantō earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama, killing about 105,000 people. 1928 – Ahmet Zogu declares Albania to be a monarchy and proclaims himself king. 1934 – The first Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer animated cartoon, The Discontented Canary, is released to movie theatres. 1939 – World War II: Nazi Germany and Slovakia invade Poland, beginning the European phase of World War II. 1939 – General George C. Marshall becomes Chief of Staff of the United States Army. 1939 – The Wound Badge for Wehrmacht, SS, Kriegsmarine, and Luftwaffe soldiers is instituted. The final version of the Iron Cross is also instituted on this date. 1939 – Switzerland mobilizes its forces and the Swiss Parliament elects Henri Guisan to head the Swiss Armed Forces (an event that can happen only during war or mobilization). 1939 – Adolf Hitler signs an order to begin the systematic euthanasia of mentally ill and disabled people. 1951 – The United States, Australia and New Zealand sign a mutual defense pact, called the ANZUS Treaty. 1952 – The Old Man and the Sea, the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Ernest Hemingway, is first published. 1958 – Iceland expands its fishing zone, putting it into conflict with the United Kingdom, beginning the Cod Wars. 1961 – The Eritrean War of Independence officially begins with the shooting of the Ethiopian police by Hamid Idris Awate. 1961 – The first conference of the Non-Aligned Countries is held in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. 1967 – The Khmer–Chinese Friendship Association is banned in Cambodia. 1967 – Six-Day War: The Khartoum Resolution is issued at the Arab Summit, and eight countries adopt the "three 'no's against Israel. 1969 – A coup in Libya brings Muammar Gaddafi to power. 1969 – Trần Thiện Khiêm becomes Prime Minister of South Vietnam under President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu. 1970 – Attempted assassination of King Hussein of Jordan by Palestinian guerrillas, who attack his motorcade. 1972 – In Reykjavík, Iceland, American Bobby Fischer beats Russian Boris Spassky to become the world chess champion. 1974 – The SR-71 Blackbird sets (and holds) the record for flying from New York to London in the time of 1 hour, 54 minutes and 56.4 seconds at a speed of 1,435.587 miles per hour (2,310.353 km/h). 1979 – The American space probe Pioneer 11 becomes the first spacecraft to visit Saturn when it passes the planet at a distance of 21,000 kilometres (13,000 mi). 1980 – Major General Chun Doo-hwan becomes President of South Korea, following the resignation of Choi Kyu-hah. 1981 – A coup d'état in the Central African Republic overthrows President David Dacko. 1982 – The United States Air Force Space Command is founded. 1983 – Cold War: Korean Air Lines Flight 007 is shot down by a Soviet Union jet fighter when the commercial aircraft enters Soviet airspace, killing all 269 on board, including Congressman Lawrence McDonald. 1985 – A joint American–French expedition locates the wreckage of the RMS Titanic. 1991 – Uzbekistan declares independence from the Soviet Union. 2004 – The Crisis in Beslan commences when armed terrorists take schoolchildren and school staff hostage in North Ossetia (Russia); by the end of the siege three days later more than 385 people are dead (including hostages, other civilians, security personnel and terrorists).

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 9.1

1355 – King Tvrtko I of Bosnia writes In castro nostro Vizoka vocatum from the Old town of Visoki. 1449 – Tumu Crisis: Mongols capture the Emperor of China. 1529 – The Spanish fort of Sancti Spiritu, the first one built in modern Argentina, is destroyed by natives. 1532 – Lady Anne Boleyn is made Marquess of Pembroke by her fiancé, King Henry VIII of England. 1604 – Adi Granth, now known as Guru Granth Sahib, the holy scripture of Sikhs, was first installed at Harmandir Sahib. 1644 – Battle of Tippermuir: James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose defeats the Earl of Wemyss's Covenanters, reviving the Royalist cause. 1715 – King Louis XIV of France dies after a reign of 72 years, which is the longest of any major European monarch. 1763 – Catherine II of Russia endorses Ivan Betskoy's plans for a Foundling Home in Moscow 1772 – The Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa is founded in San Luis Obispo, California. 1774 – Massachusetts Bay colonists rise up in the bloodless Powder Alarm. 1804 – Juno, one of the largest asteroids in the Main Belt, is discovered by the German astronomer Karl Ludwig Harding. 1831 – The high honor of Order of St. Gregory the Great is established by Pope Gregory XVI of the Vatican State to recognize high support for the Vatican or for the Pope, by a man or a woman, and not necessarily a Roman Catholic. 1836 – Narcissa Whitman, one of the first English-speaking white women to settle west of the Rocky Mountains, arrives at Walla Walla, Washington. 1838 – Saint Andrew's Scots School, the oldest school of British origin in South America, is established. 1859 – One of the largest coronal mass ejections ever recorded, later to be known as the Carrington Event, occurs. 1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Chantilly: Confederate Army troops defeat a group of retreating Union Army troops in Chantilly, Virginia. 1864 – American Civil War: The Confederate Army General John Bell Hood orders the evacuation of Atlanta, ending a four-month siege by General William Tecumseh Sherman. 1870 – Franco-Prussian War: The Battle of Sedan is fought, resulting in a decisive Prussian victory. 1873 – Cetshwayo ascends to the throne as king of the Zulu nation following the death of his father Mpande. 1878 – Emma Nutt becomes the world's first female telephone operator when she is recruited by Alexander Graham Bell to the Boston Telephone Dispatch Company. 1880 – The army of Mohammad Ayub Khan is routed by the British at the Battle of Kandahar, ending the Second Anglo-Afghan War 1894 – Over 400 people die in the Great Hinckley Fire, a forest fire in Hinckley, Minnesota. 1897 – The Tremont Street Subway in Boston opens, becoming the first underground rapid transit system in North America. 1905 – Alberta and Saskatchewan join the Canadian confederation. 1906 – The International Federation of Intellectual Property Attorneys is established. 1911 – The armored cruiser Georgios Averof is commissioned into the Greek Navy. It now serves as a museum ship. 1914 – St. Petersburg, Russia, changes its name to Petrograd. 1914 – The last known passenger pigeon, a female named Martha, dies in captivity in the Cincinnati Zoo. 1920 – The Fountain of Time opens as a tribute to the 100 years of peace between the United States and Great Britain following the Treaty of Ghent. 1923 – The Great Kantō earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama, killing about 105,000 people. 1928 – Ahmet Zogu declares Albania to be a monarchy and proclaims himself king. 1934 – The first Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer animated cartoon, The Discontented Canary, is released to movie theatres. 1939 – World War II: Nazi Germany and Slovakia invade Poland, beginning the European phase of World War II. 1939 – General George C. Marshall becomes Chief of Staff of the United States Army. 1939 – The Wound Badge for Wehrmacht, SS, Kriegsmarine, and Luftwaffe soldiers is instituted. The final version of the Iron Cross is also instituted on this date. 1939 – Switzerland mobilizes its forces and the Swiss Parliament elects Henri Guisan to head the Swiss Armed Forces (an event that can happen only during war or mobilization). 1939 – Adolf Hitler signs an order to begin the systematic euthanasia of mentally ill and disabled people. 1951 – The United States, Australia and New Zealand sign a mutual defense pact, called the ANZUS Treaty. 1952 – The Old Man and the Sea, the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Ernest Hemingway, is first published. 1958 – Iceland expands its fishing zone, putting it into conflict with the United Kingdom, beginning the Cod Wars. 1961 – The Eritrean War of Independence officially begins with the shooting of the Ethiopian police by Hamid Idris Awate. 1961 – The first conference of the Non-Aligned Countries is held in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. 1967 – The Khmer–Chinese Friendship Association is banned in Cambodia. 1969 – A coup in Libya brings Muammar Gaddafi to power. 1969 – Trần Thiện Khiêm becomes Prime Minister of South Vietnam under President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu. 1970 – Attempted assassination of King Hussein of Jordan by Palestinian guerrillas, who attack his motorcade. 1972 – In Reykjavík, Iceland, American Bobby Fischer beats Russian Boris Spassky to become the world chess champion. 1974 – The SR-71 Blackbird sets (and holds) the record for flying from New York to London in the time of 1 hour, 54 minutes and 56.4 seconds at a speed of 1,435.587 miles per hour (2,310.353 km/h). 1979 – The American space probe Pioneer 11 becomes the first spacecraft to visit Saturn when it passes the planet at a distance of 21,000 kilometres (13,000 mi). 1980 – Major General Chun Doo-hwan becomes President of South Korea, following the resignation of Choi Kyu-hah. 1981 – A coup d'état in the Central African Republic overthrows President David Dacko. 1982 – The United States Air Force Space Command is founded. 1983 – Cold War: Korean Air Lines Flight 007 is shot down by a Soviet Union jet fighter when the commercial aircraft enters Soviet airspace, killing all 269 on board, including Congressman Lawrence McDonald. 1985 – A joint American–French expedition locates the wreckage of the RMS Titanic. 1991 – Uzbekistan declares independence from the Soviet Union. 2004 – The Crisis in Beslan commences when armed terrorists take schoolchildren and school staff hostage in North Ossetia (Russia); by the end of the siege three days later more than 385 people are dead (including hostages, other civilians, security personnel and terrorists).

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 9.1

1355 – King Tvrtko I of Bosnia writes In castro nostro Vizoka vocatum from the Old town of Visoki. 1449 – Tumu Crisis: Mongols capture the Emperor of China. 1529 – The Spanish fort of Sancti Spiritu, the first one built in modern Argentina, is destroyed by natives. 1532 – Lady Anne Boleyn is made Marquess of Pembroke by her fiancé, King Henry VIII of England. 1604 – Adi Granth, now known as Guru Granth Sahib, the holy scripture of Sikhs, was first installed at Harmandir Sahib. 1644 – Battle of Tippermuir: James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose defeats the Earl of Wemyss's Covenanters, reviving the Royalist cause. 1715 – King Louis XIV of France dies after a reign of 72 years—the longest of any major European monarch. 1763 – Catherine II of Russia endorses Ivan Betskoy's plans for a Foundling Home in Moscow 1772 – The Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa is founded in San Luis Obispo, California. 1774 – Massachusetts Bay colonists rise up in the bloodless Powder Alarm. 1804 – Juno, one of the largest asteroids in the Main Belt, is discovered by the German astronomer Karl Ludwig Harding. 1831 – The high honor of Order of St. Gregory the Great is established by Pope Gregory XVI of the Vatican State to recognize high support for the Vatican or for the Pope, by a man or a woman, and not necessarily a Roman Catholic. 1836 – Narcissa Whitman, one of the first English-speaking white women to settle west of the Rocky Mountains, arrives at Walla Walla, Washington. 1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Chantilly: Confederate Army troops defeat a group of retreating Union Army troops in Chantilly, Virginia. 1864 – American Civil War: The Confederate Army General John Bell Hood orders the evacuation of Atlanta, ending a four-month siege by General William Tecumseh Sherman. 1870 – Franco-Prussian War: The Battle of Sedan is fought, resulting in a decisive Prussian victory. 1873 – Cetshwayo ascends to the throne as king of the Zulu nation following the death of his father Mpande. 1878 – Emma Nutt becomes the world's first female telephone operator when she is recruited by Alexander Graham Bell to the Boston Telephone Dispatch Company. 1880 – The army of Mohammad Ayub Khan is routed by the British at the Battle of Kandahar, ending the Second Anglo-Afghan War 1894 – Over 400 people die in the Great Hinckley Fire, a forest fire in Hinckley, Minnesota. 1897 – The Tremont Street Subway in Boston opens, becoming the first underground rapid transit system in North America. 1905 – Alberta and Saskatchewan join the Canadian confederation. 1906 – The International Federation of Intellectual Property Attorneys is established. 1910 – In Brazil, Sport Club Corinthians Paulista, the first FIFA World Club Champion, is founded. 1911 – The armored cruiser Georgios Averof is commissioned into the Greek Navy. It now serves as a museum ship. 1914 – St. Petersburg, Russia, changes its name to Petrograd. 1914 – The last known passenger pigeon, a female named Martha, dies in captivity in the Cincinnati Zoo. 1920 – The Fountain of Time opens as a tribute to the 100 years of peace between the United States and Great Britain following the Treaty of Ghent. 1923 – The Great Kantō earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama, killing about 105,000 people. 1928 – Ahmet Zogu declares Albania to be a monarchy and proclaims himself king. 1934 – The first Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer animated cartoon, The Discontented Canary, is released to movie theatres. 1939 – World War II: Nazi Germany and Slovakia invade Poland, beginning the European phase of World War II. 1939 – General George C. Marshall becomes Chief of Staff of the United States Army. 1939 – The Wound Badge for Wehrmacht, SS, Kriegsmarine, and Luftwaffe soldiers is instituted. The final version of the Iron Cross is also instituted on this date. 1939 – Switzerland mobilizes its forces and the Swiss Parliament elects Henri Guisan to head the Swiss Armed Forces (an event that can happen only during war or mobilization). 1939 – Adolf Hitler signs an order to begin the systematic euthanasia of mentally ill and disabled people. 1951 – The United States, Australia and New Zealand sign a mutual defense pact, called the ANZUS Treaty. 1952 – The Old Man and the Sea, the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Ernest Hemingway, is first published. 1958 – Iceland expands its fishing zone, putting it into conflict with the United Kingdom, beginning the Cod Wars. 1961 – The Eritrean War of Independence officially begins with the shooting of the Ethiopian police by Hamid Idris Awate. 1961 – The first conference of the Non Aligned Countries is held in Belgrade. 1967 – The Khmer–Chinese Friendship Association is banned in Cambodia. 1969 – A coup in Libya brings Muammar Gaddafi to power. 1969 – Trần Thiện Khiêm becomes Prime Minister of South Vietnam under President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu. 1970 – Attempted assassination of King Hussein of Jordan by Palestinian guerrillas, who attack his motorcade. 1972 – In Reykjavík, Iceland, American Bobby Fischer beats Russian Boris Spassky to become the world chess champion. 1974 – The SR-71 Blackbird sets (and holds) the record for flying from New York to London in the time of 1 hour, 54 minutes and 56.4 seconds at a speed of 1,435.587 miles per hour (2,310.353 km/h). 1979 – The American space probe Pioneer 11 becomes the first spacecraft to visit Saturn when it passes the planet at a distance of 21,000 kilometres (13,000 mi). 1980 – Major General Chun Doo-hwan becomes President of South Korea, following the resignation of Choi Kyu-hah. 1981 – A coup d'état in the Central African Republic overthrows President David Dacko. 1982 – The United States Air Force Space Command is founded. 1983 – Cold War: Korean Air Lines Flight 007 is shot down by a Soviet Union jet fighter when the commercial aircraft enters Soviet airspace, killing all 269 on board, including Congressman Lawrence McDonald. 1985 – A joint American–French expedition locates the wreckage of the RMS Titanic. 1991 – Uzbekistan declares independence from the Soviet Union. 2004 – The Crisis in Beslan commences when armed terrorists take schoolchildren and school staff hostage in North Ossetia (Russia); by the end of the siege three days later more than 385 people are dead (including hostages, other civilians, security personnel and terrorists).