#dot vs non dot drug test

[wescreen]

Drug & Alcohol Testing Service

Website : https://www.wescreen.net/

Address : Miami, Florida, USA

We screen provides Drug and Alcohol testing services for all needs including employment, DOT, court-ordered, and school.

We offer a variety of drug screen panels, by collecting urine, and hair specimens. Our alcohol testing is done by BAT machine, and/or urine and ETG testing.

We collect DOT compliant drug and alcohol testing for all of the industry categories; FMCSA, FTA, FRA, PHMSA, USCG and FAA. We abide by the Department of Transportation rule 49 CFR Part 40. Our specimens are sent to a SAMHSA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration) certified laboratory, and reviewed by a MRO (Medical Review Officer).

On-site/mobile testing is also available, contact us for fee and availability. If your needing same day results, we offer rapid/instant tests as well.

We service the surrounding areas of Miami-Dade County; Wyndwood, Miami, North Miami, North Miami Beach, Opa-Locka, Miami Gardens, Aventura, Brickell, Sunny Isles, Miami Beach, ETC.

Our Services:

Fingerprint Testing

Parternity Testing

Drug/Alcohol testing

Instagram : https://www.instagram.com/wescreen1/

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[noelpike]

Drug testing is a common practice in today’s workplace. However, not all drug tests are created equal. There are two main types of drug tests – DOT and non-DOT drug testing. In this article, we will discuss the differences between these two types of drug testing. Learn more - https://www.redeem-officesetup.com/dot-vs-non-dot-drug-testing-what-you-need-to-know/

[drugtestpanels]

drug test panels

[jonathanalumbaugh]

Weekly Digest

Dec 16, 2017, 3rd issue.

A roundup of stuff I consumed this week. Published weekly(ish).

Read

Whoever your graphic design portfolio site is aimed at, you have to remember that people’s time and attention is limited. Employers, to take one example, may look at dozens of portfolios in the space of 10 minutes. So you only have a few seconds to really grab their attention and enthuse them.

—8 great graphic design portfolio sites for 2018

Paying for more than 3,500 daily drinks for six years, it turns out, is expensive. The NIH would need more funding—and soon, a team stepped up to the plate. The Foundation of the NIH, a little-known 20-year-old non-profit that calls on donors to support NIH science, was talking to alcohol corporations. By the fall of 2014, the study was relying on the industry for “separate contributions to the Foundation of the NIH beyond what the NIAAA could afford,” as Mukamal put it in an e-mail to a prospective collaborator. Later that year, Congress encouraged the NIH to sponsor the study, but lawmakers didn’t provide any money. Five corporations—Anheuser-Busch InBev, Diageo, Pernod Ricard, Heineken, and Carlsberg—have since provided a total of $67 million. The foundation is seeking another $23 million, according to its director of development, Julie Wolf-Rodda.

—A MASSIVE HEALTH STUDY ON BOOZE, BROUGHT TO YOU BY BIG ALCOHOL

When Starbucks (SBUX) announced that it was closing its Teavana tea line and wanted to shutter all of its stores, mall operator Simon Property Group (SPG) countered with a lawsuit. Simon cited in part the effect the store closures might have on other mall tenants.

Earlier this month, a judge upheld Simons' suit, ordering Teavana to keep 77 of its stores open.

—America's malls are rotting away

The Dots claims to have a quarter of a million members and current clients include Google, Burberry, Sony Pictures, Viacom, M&C Saatchi, Warner Music, Tate, Discovery Networks and VICE amongst others.

—Aiming to be the LinkedIn for creatives, The Dots raises £4m

The Cboe's bitcoin futures fell 10 percent Wednesday, triggering a two-minute trading halt early Wednesday afternoon.

—Bitcoin futures briefly halted after plunging 10%

Through a very clever scheme, the people behind Tether can continue to send Bitcoin into the stratosphere until it reaches a not-yet-known breaking point. 

—Bitcoin Only Has One Way To Go If This Is True

—Bitcoin Price Dilemma: Bull and Bear Paths in Play

—Botera – Free Font

"He is being a huge assh*le and avoiding you so it literally forces you to be the one to break up with him because he's too much of a coward to do it himself. GOD, I HATE GUYS."

—"Breakup Ghosting" Is the Most Cowardly Way to End a Relationship

—Britain rejected the EU, and the EU is loving its new life

“Although the science is still evolving, there are concerns among some public health professionals and members of the public regarding long-term, high use exposure to the energy emitted by cellphones,” Dr. Karen Smith, CDPH Director and State Public Health Officer, said in a statement.

—California Warns People to Limit Exposure to Cellphones

There is a way CSS can get its hands on data in HTML, so long as that data is within an attribute on that HTML element. 

—The CSS attr() function got nothin’ on custom properties

“The recent coverage of AI as a single, unified power is a predictable upshot of a self-aggrandizing Silicon Valley culture that believes it can summon a Godhead,” says Thomas Arnold 

—Former Google and Uber engineer is developing an AI 'god'

Here are two facts: 1) Throughout the tail end of Matt Lauer’s tenure at NBC’s Today, ABC’s Good Morning America beat it in the ratings, and 2) In the two weeks since Lauer was kicked to the curb for sexual misconduct and replaced by Hoda Kotb, Today’s viewership has surpassed GMA’s by a considerable margin.

Here are two opinions: 1) No one ever really liked Matt Lauer, but tolerated him as you would a friend you’ve known for 20 years but have nothing in common with anymore, 2) Hota Kotb makes everything better.

—A Funny Thing Is Happening to Today Now That Matt Lauer Is Gone: Its Ratings Are Going Up

The game challenges you to build an empire that stands the test of time, taking your civilization from the Stone Age to the Information Age as you wage war, conduct diplomacy, advance your culture, and go head-to-head with history’s greatest leaders.

—Get the newest game in 'Sid Meier’s Civilization' series for 50% off

Amazingly, despite the mind control and hypnosis, the girl resisted being totally drawn into her father’s “cult of three.” But she suffered from self-loathing and took to self-harm as a coping mechanism.

—Girl’s father tortured her for a decade to make her ‘superhuman’

The most searched for dog breed was the golden retriever.

—Google's top searches for 2017: Matt Lauer, Hurricane Irma and more

"A few months ago, I started collecting stories from people about their real experiences with loneliness. I started small, asking my immediate network to share with their friends/family, and was flooded with submissions from people of all ages and walks of life.

"The Loneliness Project is an interactive web archive I created to present and give these stories a home online. I believe in design as a tool to elevate others' voices. Stories have tremendous power to spark empathy, and I believe that the relationship between design and emotion only strengthens this power.

—Graphic designer tackles issue of wide-spread loneliness in moving campaign

While the Windows 10 OpenSSH software is currently in Beta, it still works really well. Especially the client as you no longer need to use a 3rd party SSH client such as Putty when you wish to connect to a SSH server.

—Here's How to Enable the Built-In Windows 10 OpenSSH Client

In America we have settled on patterns of land use that might as well have been designed to prevent spontaneous encounters, the kind out of which rich social ties are built. 

—How our housing choices make adult friendships more difficult

Today was "Break the Internet" day, in which many websites altered their appearance and urged visitors to contact members of Congress about the pending repeal (see the gallery above for examples from Reddit, Kickstarter, GitHub, Mozilla, and others).

—How Reddit and others “broke the Internet” to support net neutrality today

“He’s the Usain Bolt of business for Jamaica,” Richards said. “For each Jamaican immigrant, Lowell Hawthorne is me, he’s you. He was the soul of Jamaica, the son of our soil, and all of our struggles were identified with him.”

—How the Jamaican patty king made it to the top — before ending it all

—How to break a CAPTCHA system in 15 minutes with Machine Learning

After the trap has snapped shut, the plant turns it into an external stomach, sealing the trap so no air gets in or out. Glands produce enzymes that digest the insect, first the exoskeleton made of chitin, then the nitrogen-rich blood, which is called hemolyph.

The digestion takes several days depending on the size of the insect, and then the leaf re-opens. By that time, the insect is a "shadow skeleton" that is easily blown away by the wind.

—How the Venus Flytrap Kills and Digests Its Prey

Back at The Shed, Phoebe has arrived. She's an intuitive waitress who can really get across the nuances of our menu, like how – by serving pudding in mugs – we're aiming to replicate the experience of what it's like to eat pudding out of a mug. 

—I Made My Shed the Top Rated Restaurant On TripAdvisor

In order to create a candlestick chart, you must have a data set that contains open, high, low and closevalues for each time period you want to display. The hollow or filled portion of the candlestick is called “the body” (also referred to as “the real body”). The long thin lines above and below the body represent the high/low range and are called “shadows” (also referred to as “wicks” and “tails”). The high is marked by the top of the upper shadow and the low by the bottom of the lower shadow.

—Introduction to Candlesticks

The object in question is ‘Oumuamua, an asteroid from another star system currently zipping past Jupiter at about 196,000 miles per hour, too fast to be trapped by the sun’s gravitational pull. First discovered in mid-October by astronomers at the Pan-STARRS project at the University of Hawaii, the 800-meter-long, 80-meter-wide, cigar-shaped rock is, technically speaking, weird as hell—and that’s precisely why some scientists think it’s not a natural object.

—Is This Cigar-Shaped Asteroid Watching Us?

I tried out LinkedIn Career Advice and Bumble Bizz over the course of a work week and compared them in terms of how easy they are to use and the kind of people they introduce you to.

—I tried LinkedIn's career advice app vs. dating app Bumble's version and discovered major flaws with both

“The Bitcoin dream is all but dead,” I wrote.

—I Was Wrong About Bitcoin. Here’s Why.

—Jessen's Orthogonal Icosahedron

In the study, depressed patients who got an infusion of ketamine reported rapid relief from suicidal thoughts—many as soon as a few hours after receiving the drug.

—Ketamine Relieved Suicidal Thoughts Within Hours in Hospital Study

We are trying to create an Open Source Website that searches through an open database of Interactive Maps focused on learning in a linear way. It leverages all of world’s knowledge in a unique way. It takes the Wikipedia model of curating knowledge but applies it to curating links in a meaningful and visual way.

—Learn Anything White Paper

"It was a very new word [in 1841]," Sokolowski said. "[Noah Webster’s] definition is not the definition that you and I would understand today. His definition was, 'The qualities of females,' so basically feminism to Noah Webster meant femaleness. We do see evidence that the word was used in the 19th century in a medical sense, for the physical characteristics of a developing teenager, before it was used as a political term, if you will."

—Merriam-Webster's word of the year for 2017: 'Feminism'

The Wall Street Journal issued a new note on its style blog earlier this week, suggesting the publication not write about millennials with such disdain.

"What we usually mean is young people, so we probably should just say that," the new WSJ note reads. "Many of the habits and attributes of millennials are common for people in their 20s, with or without a snotty term."

—'Millennials': Be Careful How We Use This Label

As of writing, the CoinDesk's Bitcoin Price Index (BPI) is at $16,743 levels. The world's largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization has appreciated 0.72 percent in the last 24 hours, going by CoinMarketCap data.

—No Stopping? After New High, Bitcoin Price Eyes $20k

People who tested as being more conscientious but less open were more sensitive to typos, while those with less agreeable personalities got more upset by grammatical errors.

"Perhaps because less agreeable people are less tolerant of deviations from convention," the researchers wrote.

Interestingly, how neurotic someone was didn't affect how they interpreted mistakes.

—People Who Constantly Point Out Grammar Mistakes Are Pretty Much Jerks, Scientists Find

Hydrogen particles are made up of an electron and a proton. Exciton particles, then, are made up of an electron that’s escaped and the negative space it left behind when it did so. The hole actually acts like a particle, attracting the escaped electron and bonding with it; they orbit each other the same way an electron and a proton would.

—PHYSICS BREAKTHROUGH: NEW FORM OF MATTER, EXCITONIUM, FINALLY PROVED TO EXIST AFTER 50-YEAR SEARCH 

For reasons that people are now trying to determine, this weekend the internet turned its collective gaze to a short story called “Cat Person.”

Response to the story has varied from praise for its relatability to flat dismissal to jokes about how everyone is talking about a—Who’da thunk it?—short story of all things.

—The reaction to “Cat Person” shows how the internet can even ruin fiction

—Regular Icosahedron

—Repeal Day Poster – Summit Brewing Co.

[Dr. Simon Bramhall of the UK] pleaded guilty to charges that he etched his initials, “SB,” onto the livers of two transplant patients with an argon beam in 2013. Bramhall admitted the assaults in a hearing in Birmingham crown court on Wednesday, according to several news outlets.

—SB WUZ HERE: Surgeon pleads guilty to burning initials into patients’ organs

I get what you’re doing. Really, I do. You’re trying to shit on people’s musical tastes to either appear more well-versed in music than them or you just want to see the shocked look on people’s faces as you besmirch their favorite band. And listen, I don’t blame you for either. They’re both fun activities that I partake in on the reg. If you name me a band you like, I will find a hundred different ways to judge you on your taste. If the band happens to feature a white guy with dreads, make it three hundred. But The Beatles, dude? The fucking Beatles? You are really scraping the barrel if you are knocking people for liking The Beatles, you moron. 

—Shut Your Dumb, Stupid Mouth about the Beatles Being Overrated

—Sonakinatography I Movement #III for Multi-Media

The font the menu is written in can convey similar messages; for instance an italic typeface conveys a perception of quality. But using elaborate fonts that are hard to read could also have another effect – it could alter how the food itself tastes.

A study conducted by researchers in Switzerland found that a wine labelled with a difficult-to-read script was liked more by drinkers than the same wine carrying a simpler typeface. Spence’s own research has also found that consumers often associate rounder typefaces with sweeter tastes, while angular fonts tend to convey a salty, sour or bitter experience.

—The secret tricks hidden inside restaurant menus

On Allison Benedikt, Lorin Stein, and the perils of extracting universal principles from fairytale endings...

“My career, at the time, was in his hands,” Allison Benedikt wrote at Slate this week, about the beginning of her relationship with John Cook, her husband of 14 years. They were colleagues at a magazine when they first kissed, and he was her senior. That kiss took place “on the steps of the West 4th subway station,” Benedikt writes, and Cook did it “without first getting [her] consent.” The piece is an intervention into the conversation on office sexual harassment, with Benedikt fearing “the consequences of overcorrection” on this issue.

—So You Married Your Flirty Boss

“We encourage the use of Teslas for commercial purposes and we’ll work proactively with these customers to find charging solutions that work best for them,” the statement said.

—Tesla Tells New Taxi, Uber Drivers Not to Use Its Superchargers

The deep web refers to anything you can’t access in a search engine, either because it’s protected behind a password or because it’s buried deep within a regular website. The dark web is a subsection of the deep web that you can only access with a special browser like Tor to mask your IP address.

—Things You Can Do on the Dark Web That Aren't Illegal 

—This Graphic Explains Just How Crazy The Cryptocurrency Bubble Is

One such study published in the journal Neuroimage and highlighted on PsyBlog actually found that some forms of daydreaming cause measurable changes in the brain. This suggests that, done right, daydreaming actually requires attention and control.

—This Is the Correct Way to Daydream, According to a Harvard Psychiatrist

"VR can be stored in the brain's memory center in ways that are strikingly similar to real-world physical experiences," said Stanford's Bailenson, author of the forthcoming book "Experience on Demand," about his two decades of research on the psychological effects of virtual reality. "When VR is done well, the brain believes it is real."

—The very real health dangers of virtual reality

Respect for children means respect for the adults that they will one day become; it means helping them to the knowledge, skills, and social graces that they will need if they are to be respected in that wider world where they will be on their own and no longer protected. For the teacher, respect for children means giving them whatever one has by way of knowledge, teaching them to distinguish real knowledge from mere opinion, and introducing them to the subjects that make the mind adaptable to the unforeseen.

—The Virtue of Irrelevance

—You Will Lose Your Job to a Robot—and Sooner Than You Think 

Watched

—Jessen's Orthogonal Icosahedron

[myassignmenthelp01]

AI vs Coronavirus: How AI Helping Fight Against COVID-19?

The Coronavirus outspread has caused panic around the globe, and people are taking all possible steps to tackle this problem. Doctors are using many measures and trying new medicines on patients and till now they have successfully treated many patients. The data shows that around 3 lac and 86 thousand of people have been tested positive for Coronavirus. And out of these people, approximately 16 thousand people have lost their lives, and around 1 lac people have recovered.

The recovery of around 26 percent of people shows that the efforts made by various people are working. Other than doctors, many other bodies are working. One of them is AI, the branch of Computer science that helps society in multiple ways and resolves issues in innovative ways.

1. NanoX

One of the AI technology is NanoX which is working in developing a standing X-ray machine that will help tape topographic images of the lungs. The plan is to install such a device in public places like train stations, airports, seaports and more such places. It will help segregate infected persons from the non-infected persons and maintain data of all the people. This data can be further used to quarantine people and prevent the disease from spreading.

1. Blue Dot

It is an artificial intelligence database organization that uses an algorithm based on machine learning and natural language processing to analyze information from various sources and keep track of infectious people. Blue Dot has been warning its customers to avoid Wuhan according to the database it has. Blue Dot also predicted outbreaks in Asian cities by studying flight paths and itineraries.

3. Dearden

Some scientists from Korean-based firm Deargen Inc. made a report on simplified chemical sequence instead of 2D and 3D molecular structures. This was a study to find out how strongly a molecule of interest will bind to a target protein. It was found that FDA-approved antiviral drugs like Atazanavir (that was prescribed for HIV) can bind and block a protein on the SARS-Cov-2, the virus which causes Coronavirush. The model also detected three more antivirals that might restrict the virus.

4. Deep Mind

Deep Mind, another product of computer science helps by using Artificial Intelligence to resolve issues innovatively. After the Coronavirus killed many people worldwide, the team behind the application has been working to find the properties of the deadly virus. It is also working on the structure predictions of several under-studied proteins which are linked to SARS-CoV-2, the other name of Coronavirus.

So here is how again technology and AI are joining hands to save the day once again. As computer scientists are working to heal the world, you do your bit and stay home. Stay safe and take care

Reference From - AI vs Coronavirus

[margdarsanme]

मेडिकल सांइस के संक्षिप्त शब्द Medical Science Shortcut Words

Medical  Abbreviations List / हाॅस्पिटल, क्लेनिक में डाॅक्टर द्वारा मरीज उपचार एवं दवाईयों के लिए सम्बन्धित पर्चा, लेटर, डोक्यूमेंटस तैयार किया जाता है। जोकि हर कोई व्यक्ति आसानी से नहीं समझ पाता है। मरीज विवरण तैयार करने में डाॅक्टर/एक्सपर्ट मेडिकल भाषा में र्शाटकट कीवर्डस में विवरण लिखते हैं। जिसे उपचार सारणी बनने से लेकर ऑफिस रिकाॅर्ड के लिए रखा जाता है। मेडिकल सांइस में अकसर डाॅक्टर/एक्सपर्ट मरीज का सम्पूर्ण विवरण बहुत कम संकेतिक भाषा में रखते हैं, ताकि मरीज उपचार करने में आसानी हो, आसानी से दवाईयां, उपचार और सुझाव पूरी जानकारी एक मात्र कागज लिख सकें और उपचार में देरी ना हो। अधिक-से अधिक मरीजों की सम्पूर्ण जानकारी एक मात्र "डाॅक्टर पैड" में सलंग्न हो सके। और ज्यादा से ज्यादा मरीजों का उपचार शीघ्रता से हो सके। हाॅस्पिटल, क्लेनिक में डाॅक्टर/एक्सपर्ट की ड्यूटी शिफ्ट बदलने पर, दूसरे डाॅक्टर/एक्सपर्ट की गैरहाजरी में या मेडिकल शाॅप से उपचार हेतु दवाईयां, सर्जरी सामग्री या फिर बीमारी को समझना या उपचार से जुड़ी बारीकियों को जानने में आसानी बनी रहे। इस सभी उपरोक्त वजहों से डाॅक्टर/एक्सपर्ट संकेतिक भाषा का प्रयोग करते हैं। जिनहें Medical Abbreviations कहा जाता है। मेडिकल सांइस से जुड़े सभी Antimicrobial, Mechanism और Organism के Abbreviations / र्शाटकट वर्डस विस्तार से निम्न प्रकार हैं। जोकि बहुत ही हेल्पफुल हैं। डाॅक्टर और मेडिकल से जुड़ी संकेतिक भाषा जानकारी का आसानी से पता लगा सकते हैं। CARE SHORTCUT KEYS AXR = abdominal x-ray BAC = blood alcohol content BC = birth control BE = barium enema BMT = bone marrow transplant Bx = biopsy BRP = bathroom privileges CPR = cardiopulmonary resuscitation CXR = chest x-ray ECC = emergency cardiac care ECG or EKG = electrocardiogram ECMO = Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ECT = Electroconvulsive therapy ECV = External cephalic version FB = Foreign body FNA = Fine needle aspiration FOBT = Fecal occult blood testing GLT = Glucose loading test GTT = Glucose tolerance test H20 = Water I&D = Incision and drainage IM = Intramuscular I&O = Intake and output IV = Intravenous IUPC = Intrauterine pressure catheter In vitro = In the laboratory In vivo = In the body KUB = Kidney, ureter, bladder (x-ray) OGTT = Oral glucose tolerance test PAP = Pulmonary artery pressure; Papanicolaou test PEEP = Positive end expiratory pressure PT = Physical therapy T&C = Type and cross (blood) TPA = Tissue plasminogen activator (dissolve clots), total parenteral alimentation UA = Urinalysis US = Ultrasound XRT = External radiation therapy BODY DESCRIPTION SHORTCUT KEYS ABD = Abdomen AD = Right ear AL = Left ear AU = Both ears BMD = Bone mass density BMI = Body mass index BMR = Basal metabolic rate CBD = Common bile duct CBF = Cerebral blood flow FL = Femur length FROM = Free range of motion HC = Head circumference IBW = Ideal body weight LLL = Left lower lobe LLQ = Left lower quadrant LUL = Left upper lobe LUQ = Left upper quadrant LV = Left ventricle OD = Right eye OS = Left eye OU = Both eyes PNS = Peripheral nervous system RA = Right atrium RUL = Right upper lobe RUQ = Right upper quadrant RV = Right ventricle, residual volume TLC = Total lung capacity UE = Upper extremity WT = Weight DIAGNOSIS & CONDITION SHORTCUT KEYS ADHD = Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder AF = Acid-fast AIDS = Acquired immune deficiency syndrome A&O = Alert and oriented AOB = Alcohol on breath ARDS = Adult respiratory distress syndrome ARF = Acute renal failure, acute rheumatic fever BAD = Bipolar affective disorder BM = Bowel movement BP = Blood pressure CA = Cancer CAB = Carotid artery bruit CABG = Coronary artery bypass graft CAD = Coronary artery disease CBC = Complete blood count CF = Cystic fibrosis C/F = Chills, fever COVID 19 = Corona Virus CFT = Complement fixation testing CHD = Congenital heart disease CHF = Congestive heart failure COLD = Chronic obstructive lung disease COPD = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CP = Chest pain CP = Cerebral palsy C/S = Cesarean section CV = Cardiovascular CVA = Cerebral vascular accident (stroke) DTR = Deep tendon reflex DVT = Deep venous thrombosis Dx = Diagnosis EBL = Estimated blood loss EBV = Epstein-Barr virus EC = Eye contact ECASA = Enteric coated acetylsalicylic acid EGC = Early gastric cancer FAS = Fetal alcohol syndrome FB = Foreign body F/C = Fever, chills FEF = Forced expiratory flow FHR= Fetal heart rate FM = Fetal movement FRC = Functional residual capacity FSE = Fetal scalp electrode FSH = Follicle stimulating hormone FT = Full term FX = Fracture GA = Gestational age GH = Growth hormone GHRH = Growth hormone releasing hormone GI = Gastrointestinal GLT = Glucose loading test GSW = Gunshot wound GTT = Glucose tolerance test GU = Genitourinary HA = Headache HA = Hemolytic anemia HAV = Hepatitis A virus HBV = Hepatitis B virus Hb = Hemoglobin HCV = Hepatitis C virus HDL = High density lipoprotein HDV = Hepatitis D virus HIV = Human immunodeficiency virus HPA = Hypothalamic suppression test HR = Heart rate HTN = Hypertension IBD = Inflammatory bowel disease IBS = Inflammatory bowel syndrome ICP = Intracranial pressure IDDM = Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus IPF = Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis IUI = Intrauterine insemination IUP = Intrauterine pregnancy IVF = In vitro fertilization IVIG = Intravenous immune globulin IVP = Intravenous push JCV = JC virus JRA = Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis JVD = Jugular venous distension KS = Kaposi sarcoma LAD = Leukocyte adhesion deficiency LBP = Ower back pain LBW = Low birth weight LIH = Left inguinal hernia LOF = Loss of fluid MD = Muscular dystrophy MR = Mental retardation MS = Multiple sclerosis NAD = No acute distress Nat/O = Birth NIDDM = Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus NM = Neuromuscular N/V = Nausea vomiting NVD = Normal vaginal delivery OCD = Obsessive compulsive disorder ON = Optic neuritis OSA = Obstructive sleep apnea PD = Parkinson's disease PE = Pulmonary embolism PKD = Polycystic kidney disease PID = Pelvic inflammatory disease PIH = Pregnancy induced hypertension PMS = Premenstrual syndrome PTSD = Post-traumatic stress disorder RA = Rheumatoid arthritis RAD = Reactive airway disease RDS = Respiratory distress syndrome REM = Rapid eye movements RHD = Rheumatic heart disease RXN = Reaction SAB = Spontaneous abortion SBO = Small bowel obstruction SBS = Shaken baby syndrome SOB = Shortness of breath STD = Sexually transmitted disease TAH = Total abdominal hysterectomy TB = Tuberculosis TBI = Traumatic brain injury TGA = Transient global amnesia UC = Ulcerative colitis UO = Urine output URI = Upper respiratory infection UTI = Urinary tract infection VB = Vaginal bleeding VBAC = Vaginal birth after caesarean section VF = Ventricular fibrillation VH = Vaginal hysterectomy, hallucination VIP = Voluntary interruption of pregnancy COMMUNICATION SHORTCUT KEYS AA =  Amino acid ABG =  Arterial blood gas ADM =  Admission, admitted ALS =  Advanced life support, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis AMA = Against medical advice, American Medical Association ASAP = As soon as possible A&W = Alive and well C = Centigrade, celsius CC = Cubic centimeter, chief complaint, critical care, complications, carbon copy C/O =  Complains of, care of CO2 = Carbon dioxide D/C =  Discontinue or discharge DNR =  Do not resuscitate DO = Disorder DOA = Dead on arrival or date of admission DOB = Date of birth DOT = Directly observed therapy DSM = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders EDC = Estimated date of confinement EDD = Estimated delivery date EGA = Estimated gestational age ER = Emergency room F = Fahrenheit H&P = History & physical examination HPI = History of present illness H/O = History of HR = Heart rate or hour HS = Hour of sleep (bedtime) ICU = Intensive care unit ID = Infectious diseases IP = Inpatient IQ = Intelligence quotient IU = International units MCO = Managed care organization MG = milligram MVA = motor vehicle accident ML = milliliter NKDA = no known drug allergies NTG = nitroglycerin O2 = oxygen OPD = outpatient department P = pulse Post-op = postoperative (after surgery) Pre-op = preoperative (before surgery) PA or PT = patient PCP = primary care physician RBC = red blood cell RF = risk factor S = without (sans) SX = symptoms S/S = signs and symptoms STAT = immediately T = temperature TPR = temperature, pulse, respiration USOH = usual state of health VS = vital signs VSS = vital signs stable WB = whole blood WBC = white blood cell WNL = within normal limits MECHANISM SHORTCUT KEYS beta-lactamase = blac ESBL, all types = esbl ESBL, CTX-M type = esbl_ctxm mecA gene = mecA methicillin resistant = metR mupA gene = mupA ORGANISM SHORTCUT KEYS Alpha-haemolytic streptococcus = as Beta-haemolytic streptococcus = bs Coagulase-negative staphylococcus = cn Enterobacte = re Enterococcus = ec Escherichia coli = eo Klebsiell = ak Proteea = ep Pseudomonas =  ps Serratia = gn Staphylococcus aureus = st Streptococcus pneumoniae = pn ANTIMICROBIAL SHORTCUT KEYS amoxicillin = amx amoxicillin/clavulanate = amc amikacin = amk ampicillin = amp azithromycin = azm cefaclor = cec cefotaxime = ctx cefoxitin = fox ceftaroline = cpt ceftazidime = caz ceftazidime/avibactam = cza ceftobiprole = bpr ceftolozane/tazobactam = c_t cefuroxime = cxm ciprofloxacin = cip clarithromycin = clr clindamycin = cli colistin = cst dalbavancin = dal daptomycin = dap doripenem = dor ertapenem = etp erythromycin = ery faropenem = far fusidic acid = fus gemifloxacin = gem gentamicin = gen imipenem = ipm imipenem/relebactam= ipr levofloxacin = lvx linezolid = lzd meropenem = mem metronidazole = mtz minocycline = min moxifloxacin = mxf mupirocin = mup oxacillin = oxa penicillin = pen piperacillin/tazobactam =tzp rifampicin = rif solithromycin = sol teicoplanin = tec telavancin = tlv telithromycin = tel tetracycline = tet tigecycline = tgc tobramycin = tob trimethoprim = tmp trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole = sxt vancomycin = van

via Blogger https://ift.tt/3bQ6xrd

[wikipress01]

The HIV-positive man who stopped thousands getting the virus

Greg Owen wished a brand new drug, not accessible via the NHS, that will cease him changing into HIV-positive. But it was too late – he already had the virus. Despite this, he and a good friend labored on an bold plan to assist thousands of others get the new remedy.

“You know when you do one thing… when your whole life changes? Pressing that send on Facebook was actually the moment my whole life changed.”

Greg Owen grew up in Belfast, the eldest of six youngsters. It was the 1980s, the peak of the Troubles, and he was, as he places it, “very gay”.

Fast-forward to London in 2015. Greg is working in bars and golf equipment, sleeping on pals’ sofas.

There is not any signal of what’s to return – that Greg goes to assist save thousands of lives and alter the method the NHS thinks about homosexual males having intercourse.

Then, Greg met Alex Craddock.

“He was cute, a little bit sassy. And I fancied him a little bit,” says Greg.

Alex had simply come again from New York. He had one thing Greg wished very a lot. He was on Prep, a comparatively new drug seen as a game-changer in the battle in opposition to HIV an infection.

If you might be on Prep and have intercourse with somebody with HIV, the drug will cease you changing into HIV constructive – even in case you are not sporting a condom.

Greg was intrigued. “I was trying to get Prep. And Alex was already on it. He’d got in the States.” Alex instructed him it was straightforward to get in New York. But Alex’s provide was about to expire. Here in the UK, it wasn’t accessible.

“I’d been given this amazing new thing and then it had been taken away from me,” Alex says. “That’s when I first met Greg.”

At the time, HIV diagnoses for top danger teams in the UK have been going up. One in eight homosexual males in London had HIV.

Short for pre-exposure prophylaxis, Prep is a tablet you’re taking earlier than penetrative intercourse.

Some customers take it every day – whereas others take it “on demand”, in the days earlier than and after intercourse.

If a condom just isn’t worn, and also you come into contact with HIV, the drug stops the virus from getting into the bloodstream completely. Prep is prevention not remedy.

But earlier than you possibly can take Prep, it’s important to ensure you do not have already got HIV.

Greg had managed to pay money for a small quantity of the drug – and so he went for a check.

He wasn’t too frightened as he’d gone for sexually transmitted an infection (STI) checks pretty often. He was watching the physician. He knew the way it labored. The testing package would present one dot for unfavourable, and two for constructive. Suddenly, in a heartbeat, every little thing modified.

“Literally, ‘Boom,’ like two dots so [the doctor] didn’t even have to say anything, I saw it because it was sitting in-between us.”

Greg felt numb, trapped and alone. “I was seeing people go past me and I felt like I was in like a bubble – like there was a something separating me from the rest of the world.”

And that is when he made the choice that modified his life and perhaps that of thousands of different homosexual males.

He determined to disclose this large secret to the world. So, he posted on Facebook that he was HIV constructive. And he talked about Prep – this drug few knew a lot about, which might have stopped him getting HIV.

His telephone “just lit up”, he says.

“First of all, people couldn’t believe I’d done that. And then there was, ‘What is all this Prep stuff?’ Why would Prep have kept you HIV negative?’ So, I could tell people what Prep was and I could tell people how it worked. And then obviously the next question was, ‘How do I get Prep?'”

Watch Greg and Alex’s story

The People vs The NHS: Who Gets the Drugs? was first broadcast on BBC Two.

It is now accessible on the BBC iPlayer together with extra programmes about the NHS at 70.

And that was Greg and Alex’s subsequent transfer.

“We don’t even need the government right now,” Alex recollects them saying. “We can do it ourselves. We’ll tell everyone to order pharmaceutical drugs on the internet and start taking them.”

From Alex’s bed room, they began constructing an internet site.

First, got here all the medical data folks wanted to know. And then, the bit everybody wished – the alternative to “click to buy”. “We didn’t want to make any money ourselves. We were just linking up buyers to sellers,” Greg says.

It was a easy, radical thought.

“I’m not going to wait for the NHS to come and save me,” Alex recollects. “I want Prep now and this is how I’m going to get it.”

So, they referred to as the web site I Want Prep Now. It launched in October 2015.

They obtained 400 hits in the first 24 hours and it mushroomed from there.

Then, the medical career took an curiosity.

Mags Portman, an NHS advisor on HIV and sexual well being, emailed Greg asking if she might meet. Will Nutland, an activist at Prepster, an internet site giving details about Prep, additionally turned concerned.

Will even turned a guinea pig.

He took Prep capsules from new suppliers after which had his blood examined at Portman’s sexual well being clinic. It examined greater than 300 batches and located no fakes.

At the identical time, the UK Medical Research Council was operating the Proud examine, evaluating homosexual males on Prep in opposition to non-users.

The outcome was so clear-cut – an 86% fall in new HIV infections amongst in Prep customers – that the examine was ended early and people on the examine not taking Prep have been instantly provided it.

So the place was NHS England?

At the finish of 2014, it had begun a course of to resolve whether or not Prep must be made accessible. Time handed, nothing occurred.

“It was very, very difficult and frustrating as a clinician to know that this HIV prevention tool was out there,” says Mags.

“We couldn’t access it and we couldn’t prescribe it and we were seeing people that we knew were at risk and then coming back with HIV.”

By 2016, the NHS was nonetheless debating the matter. And then it mentioned no.

“I was gobsmacked,” says Sheena McCormack, professor of medical epidemiology, who ran the Proud trial.

“Oh, my goodness, it was absolutely horrifying,” says Mags.

But what started in a bed room ended up going to the High Court.

The National Aids Trust, a charity, took NHS England to courtroom. They wished Prep to be checked out based on the identical guidelines as another new treatment can be.

The stakes have been excessive. The Terrence Higgins Trust – one other main HIV/Aids charity – despatched a letter to the Times, saying that on daily basis Prep was delayed no less than 17 folks have been changing into contaminated with HIV.

The authorized case was advanced. The NHS mentioned it wasn’t legally required to fund prevention. That was the job of native authorities, it mentioned.

The NHS was dealing with one among the largest funding crises in its seven-decade historical past. It was not a superb time to be taking up new funding duties. Today, regardless of file ranges of funding, there are nonetheless funding gaps.

The case additionally revealed one thing else – society’s view of what homosexual males have been entitled to.

The journalist and broadcaster Andrew Pierce, who is homosexual himself, is in opposition to Prep being funded by the state.

“I don’t think the NHS can afford £450 per month to a homosexual,” he says.

“Because this is what it is about – indulging gay men who don’t want to use a condom. Well, that is outrageous – why should the taxpayer subsidise a reckless sex life?”

But for Greg, “gay guys have the right to fear-free, guilt-free, disease-free sex”. For too lengthy, he says, there was an excessive amount of self-loathing.

“We are ultimately conditioned to believe that love, particularly sex between two men, always has to come at a price. And it doesn’t.”

In courtroom, the NHS’s argument unravelled. It turned out it did fund prevention – statins, for instance, which assist to decrease dangerous ldl cholesterol. The choose discovered unequivocally in favour of the National Aids Trust.

But NHS England mentioned it could attraction and despatched out a press launch that Ian Green, chief govt of the Terrence Higgins Trust, remembers all too effectively. “They said the decision had been taken for high risk men who have condomless sex, with multiple sexual partners – it was condemnatory.”

For Greg, it was hurtful. “It just felt, that felt really vicious actually. It felt like sour grapes.”

Suddenly the NHS’s decision-making was below the microscope at nearly a philosophical stage.

“It’s interesting, this question of personal responsibility and on what role it plays in the NHS’s decisions – officially it doesn’t play any role at all,” says Sean Sinclair, a medical ethicist at the University of Leeds. “Unofficially, you can see it playing a role.”

The matter was settled in November 2016. The NHS misplaced its authorized attraction and must take duty for Prep.

Greg, by now again in Northern Ireland, was working in a pub. “I was literally crying. Serving pints of beer to this poor Belfast boy who probably thought I was absolutely off my rocker.”

So what’s occurred since then?

By summer time final 12 months, eight clinics in London, and several other outdoors the capital, had taken half in a trial to offer Prep. And many extra males purchase the drug privately resulting from higher consciousness. In August 2017, the NHS in England introduced it could give Prep to 10,000 folks in a £10m trial lasting three years.

In Wales, the drug is offered from chosen NHS sexual well being clinics as a part of an analogous trial. Prep just isn’t presently accessible from the NHS in Northern Ireland. Scotland is the solely a part of the UK to supply full Prep provision via the NHS.

For the first time lately, the HIV analysis fee in homosexual males is down. From 2015 to 2016, it was down by about 20% nationwide. But in sure clinics in London it fell by 40%.

“That was the first moment when we were able to take a step back and actually be quite shocked at how effective all of this was,” says Alex.

Opponents say Prep could undermine safe-sex messages. They level to a four-year Australian examine in the Lancet, suggesting that as Prep use grows, condom use falls. And males not on the drug, due to this fact not benefiting from it, have been additionally having extra condomless intercourse, the researchers say.

But for Sheena McCormack, who ran the Proud trial, Prep continues to be a game-changer.

“We in all probability had carried out as a lot as we presumably might in the method of frequent testing, early analysis and early remedy.

“The piece that was lacking was the HIV-negative people who have been catching HIV in-between their HIV assessments. That’s the place Prep fills the hole.”

Prep can also save the NHS cash.

Scientists at University College London who studied its cost-effectiveness mentioned it could value cash for the first few a long time however after 40 years it could start to avoid wasting the NHS money.

And after 80 years it could save the UK about £1bn, they predicted.

Greg typically tears up when he thinks about the place they have to.

He remembers one telephone name particularly that made him cry. Sheena McCormack was on the line. It was Christmas 2016, a number of weeks after the Appeal Court victory.

She instructed him that with out his web site, the one arrange by him and Alex, there would have been solely tiny numbers of individuals on Prep.

“Sheena was like, ‘I want you to strip it back, think about the people, of the thousands of people walking around now HIV negative because of something that you did.'”

Looking again, Greg says there was no grand plan. “I had a humble objective. I just wanted one person to remain HIV negative on the back of my diagnosis. That way it’s HIV equal. If we prevent a second person, then I have won – my HIV status didn’t cost anything.”

It’s truthful to say, he received large.

Image copyright:

BBC, Getty Images, Greg Owen, Claire McGeown and Alex Craddock.

Source hyperlink from http://www.wikipress.co.uk/health/the-hiv-positive-man-who-stopped-thousands-getting-the-virus/

[thersatetreaul]

Instant Drug Testing Vs. Laboratory Testing

What’s The Difference Between an Instant Drug Test and Laboratory Drug Test?

Overview

When it’s time to administer a drug test, many questions can come to mind. What type of test is most appropriate for my particular business? Which type of test would provide the best means to obtain testing information? And what is the cost of using an instant drug test versus getting the tests done in a lab? This article will explore both instant and lab drug testing, discuss different options in each category, and show how both types of testing methods each have benefits and pitfalls.

Assumptions

While many instant drug tests are seen as initial screening methods, with lab results being the ultimate indicator of accuracy, many instant drug tests are now compliant with the very same certifications and follow the safety guidelines set for by the C.L.I.A., which ensures that testing meets quality standards for best practices in safety. Drug testing has been proven to decrease employee absenteeism, turnover rates, and increase employee productivity. Furthermore, having a testing program in place discourages employees from abusing drugs, and is also part of keeping operating costs down by avoiding potential risk for employee accidents and worker’s compensation claims. In hospitals and clinics, safety is also an utmost concern with regard to patient care and rehabilitation. Now employers and clinic managers have more options than ever to provide the highest quality drug testing services within their organizations. Let’s have a closer look at both forms of testing.

A Closer Look at Instant Drug Tests

Instant drug tests are all over the market. They can be found at a local drug store or Walmart, purchased online individually, or in bulk like we do at DTIB. Costs for instant drug tests range from $10-75 for an individual test, and from $2-10 when buying tests in bulk. While not all Instant Drug Tests are created equally, there are many options and methods for testing with instant or very quick results. Instant drug tests can get results from saliva, hair, or urine, and can detect a wide range of substances from alcohol to the latest trend among drug abusers.

Which Test is Best?

Choosing a drug test that adhere to your company’s policies can often depend on the type of work being done. If you are in charge of a rehabilitation unit, you will need a much more comprehensive test that includes testing for specialty drugs that are likely to be abused.

If you own a construction company, it might be enough to do a simple test that covers the major drugs that are abused to ensure that your employees will be able to perform their jobs safely.

Some tests offered at DTIB test for a single drug, such as an alcohol test. In addition to a comprehensive exam for hiring and periodic “No Tolerance” testing, a simple alcohol test can be used to test employees who might be providing cause to suspect substance abuse, or in the event of an accident. Having a strict policy with instant access to a drug test gives a clear message that drug abusers need not apply.

How Do Instant Drug Tests Work?

The most commonly used method of instant drug testing is a urine cup. To take the test, a sample of urine is collected, and the cup is sealed. Results can be read in as little as five minutes by viewing the multi-colored panels on the outside label of the cups. These tests can test for a single drug, or for up to sixteen different types of drugs in the system. Urine Cup tests each have threshold for the amounts of drugs in the system that are tested. When these thresholds are reached, the panel will indicate a positive result for that drug.

While many urine cups are known for not always being accurate, there are options that are high quality tests which are not only CLIA approved, but have produced results that are 99% accurate, such as our thirteen panel and sixteen panel megacup tests.

A Closer Look at Laboratory Drug Testing

How Laboratory Testing Works

Laboratory testing is a standard practice for many companies who are onboarding new employees, or testing employees who are returning to the workplace after a leave of absence. Lab specialists collect the samples and provide the results to the employers. While some see drug testing as an invasion of privacy, because tests can reveal medications and other medical conditions which may not interfere with job performance, almost 40% of large companies now use laboratory drug testing because it has shown to improve productivity and provide motivation for employees who are using drugs to get help.

Ordinarily, new hires are given instructions to visit the lab to provide a sample. It is up to the employee to make their way to the lab during business hours. When the employee arrives, they are provided the test, and provide the sample in a controlled environment.

Laboratory Wait Times

In densely populated areas, waiting in line at a laboratory can take hours. Test results can also take longer than the standard 24-hour turnaround, which means potential delays for HR managers who need the results in order to move forward in the hiring process.

Laboratory tests might be worth the wait if the tester needs to verify drug abuse in a court of law, or if a company does not have a dedicated person available to manage testing. However, a standard laboratory testing is a costly practice.

Benefits and Pitfalls

Instant Drug Testing

The benefits of instant drug testing are clear – an employer can instantly test employees on site without requiring they take an additional trip to the lab. Comprehensive instant drug tests like the sixteen-panel tests we offer at DTIB ensure that potential employees and hiring managers make the most of testing time with only one sample needed, and one test to take. The procedure for testing via urine or saliva collection is streamlined due to the ease of having all potential employees easily gathered in one place, versus relying upon each individual to make it into a nearby lab for testing in time for the beginning of group trainings.

Administering testing on-site saves time and money on laboratory testing costs, as instant tests cost much less than laboratory testing, averaging $7 per tests when purchased in bulk versus $30-38 per test at a lab, thereby decreasing the upfront cost of hiring and testing employees.

Laboratory Testing

There are certainly benefits to taking the route of laboratory testing as well. According to an employee who blogs about working at Quest Diagnostics, “…Lab-based testing is the only drug testing method permitted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) and the Department of Transportation (DOT). Due to these certifications, lab-based test results provide empirical data to prove accuracy claims. Lab-based testing also provides additional security in knowing non-negative results are tested a second time to confirm the screening result.” This means that if your company or organization must adhere to these guidelines, then using a laboratory is the only possible route for testing. It might not be the most economical route, but the results will be accurate, and proven so with two testings. Testing data from SAMHSA laboratories can be used as evidence in a court of law.

The pitfall of laboratory testing is not just the cost, but the wait time for results – In the case of Quest Diagnostics, it can take up to 24 hours to get the results of a negative test, and up to 72 hours for the results of a non-negative test. Another point to consider is that while most lab tests cover the most commonly abused drugs like amphetamines, barbiturates, opioids, and methamphetamines, an additional test (for an additional fee) is often required to detect specialty drugs like Ecstasy and K2/Spice.

In a Nutshell

If a company requires adherence to SAMHSA testing methods, and is likely to need this information to present as evidence in court, then a laboratory test is the only option. The cost is significantly more, and the time it takes for your employee and your hiring manager to receive the info is much longer, but companies can be assured that the tests administered are done correctly.

If a company adheres to a strict “No Tolerance” policy, and wants the flexibility to manage their own drug testings, then an instant drug test is an excellent choice. Advancements to instant tests ensure 99% accuracy, and provide results in as little as five minutes, saving money and time for the company and the employees.

Conclusion

Is one method of drug testing more accurate than another? It really comes down to that one final percent. With a 99% accuracy rate for instant drug testing, it is hard to believe that a laboratory test is still required by some organizations. However, with guidelines that must be followed by having a second test on file, laboratory tests ensure that the final 1% is there by providing an additional verification for accuracy.

For today’s employers and clinics, instant drug testing offers an efficient and alternative way to get results in as little as five minutes with a single saliva, hair, or urine sample, and provides highly accurate results at a fraction of the cost of traditional lab testing.

References:

https://ohsonline.com/Articles/2012/10/01/Drug-Testing-Promotes-Workplace-Safety.aspx

http://www.cannamm.com/news/blog/advantages-disadvantages-to-lab-based-urine-testing/

https://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/IVDRegulatoryAssistance/ucm124105.htm

from https://drugtestsinbulk.com/blog/instant-drug-testing-vs-laboratory-testing/ from https://drugtestsinbulk0.tumblr.com/post/164499447114

[drugtests0]

Instant Drug Testing Vs. Laboratory Testing

What’s The Difference Between an Instant Drug Test and Laboratory Drug Test?

Overview

When it’s time to administer a drug test, many questions can come to mind. What type of test is most appropriate for my particular business? Which type of test would provide the best means to obtain testing information? And what is the cost of using an instant drug test versus getting the tests done in a lab? This article will explore both instant and lab drug testing, discuss different options in each category, and show how both types of testing methods each have benefits and pitfalls.

Assumptions

While many instant drug tests are seen as initial screening methods, with lab results being the ultimate indicator of accuracy, many instant drug tests are now compliant with the very same certifications and follow the safety guidelines set for by the C.L.I.A., which ensures that testing meets quality standards for best practices in safety. Drug testing has been proven to decrease employee absenteeism, turnover rates, and increase employee productivity. Furthermore, having a testing program in place discourages employees from abusing drugs, and is also part of keeping operating costs down by avoiding potential risk for employee accidents and worker’s compensation claims. In hospitals and clinics, safety is also an utmost concern with regard to patient care and rehabilitation. Now employers and clinic managers have more options than ever to provide the highest quality drug testing services within their organizations. Let’s have a closer look at both forms of testing.

A Closer Look at Instant Drug Tests

Instant drug tests are all over the market. They can be found at a local drug store or Walmart, purchased online individually, or in bulk like we do at DTIB. Costs for instant drug tests range from $10-75 for an individual test, and from $2-10 when buying tests in bulk. While not all Instant Drug Tests are created equally, there are many options and methods for testing with instant or very quick results. Instant drug tests can get results from saliva, hair, or urine, and can detect a wide range of substances from alcohol to the latest trend among drug abusers.

Which Test is Best?

Choosing a drug test that adhere to your company’s policies can often depend on the type of work being done. If you are in charge of a rehabilitation unit, you will need a much more comprehensive test that includes testing for specialty drugs that are likely to be abused.

If you own a construction company, it might be enough to do a simple test that covers the major drugs that are abused to ensure that your employees will be able to perform their jobs safely.

Some tests offered at DTIB test for a single drug, such as an alcohol test. In addition to a comprehensive exam for hiring and periodic “No Tolerance” testing, a simple alcohol test can be used to test employees who might be providing cause to suspect substance abuse, or in the event of an accident. Having a strict policy with instant access to a drug test gives a clear message that drug abusers need not apply.

How Do Instant Drug Tests Work?

The most commonly used method of instant drug testing is a urine cup. To take the test, a sample of urine is collected, and the cup is sealed. Results can be read in as little as five minutes by viewing the multi-colored panels on the outside label of the cups. These tests can test for a single drug, or for up to sixteen different types of drugs in the system. Urine Cup tests each have threshold for the amounts of drugs in the system that are tested. When these thresholds are reached, the panel will indicate a positive result for that drug.

While many urine cups are known for not always being accurate, there are options that are high quality tests which are not only CLIA approved, but have produced results that are 99% accurate, such as our thirteen panel and sixteen panel megacup tests.

A Closer Look at Laboratory Drug Testing

 How Laboratory Testing Works

Laboratory testing is a standard practice for many companies who are onboarding new employees, or testing employees who are returning to the workplace after a leave of absence. Lab specialists collect the samples and provide the results to the employers. While some see drug testing as an invasion of privacy, because tests can reveal medications and other medical conditions which may not interfere with job performance, almost 40% of large companies now use laboratory drug testing because it has shown to improve productivity and provide motivation for employees who are using drugs to get help.

Ordinarily, new hires are given instructions to visit the lab to provide a sample. It is up to the employee to make their way to the lab during business hours. When the employee arrives, they are provided the test, and provide the sample in a controlled environment.

Laboratory Wait Times

In densely populated areas, waiting in line at a laboratory can take hours. Test results can also take longer than the standard 24-hour turnaround, which means potential delays for HR managers who need the results in order to move forward in the hiring process.

Laboratory tests might be worth the wait if the tester needs to verify drug abuse in a court of law, or if a company does not have a dedicated person available to manage testing. However, a standard laboratory testing is a costly practice.

Benefits and Pitfalls

Instant Drug Testing

The benefits of instant drug testing are clear – an employer can instantly test employees on site without requiring they take an additional trip to the lab. Comprehensive instant drug tests like the sixteen-panel tests we offer at DTIB ensure that potential employees and hiring managers make the most of testing time with only one sample needed, and one test to take. The procedure for testing via urine or saliva collection is streamlined due to the ease of having all potential employees easily gathered in one place, versus relying upon each individual to make it into a nearby lab for testing in time for the beginning of group trainings.

Administering testing on-site saves time and money on laboratory testing costs, as instant tests cost much less than laboratory testing, averaging $7 per tests when purchased in bulk versus $30-38 per test at a lab, thereby decreasing the upfront cost of hiring and testing employees.

Laboratory Testing

There are certainly benefits to taking the route of laboratory testing as well. According to an employee who blogs about working at Quest Diagnostics, “…Lab-based testing is the only drug testing method permitted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) and the Department of Transportation (DOT). Due to these certifications, lab-based test results provide empirical data to prove accuracy claims. Lab-based testing also provides additional security in knowing non-negative results are tested a second time to confirm the screening result.” This means that if your company or organization must adhere to these guidelines, then using a laboratory is the only possible route for testing. It might not be the most economical route, but the results will be accurate, and proven so with two testings. Testing data from SAMHSA laboratories can be used as evidence in a court of law.

The pitfall of laboratory testing is not just the cost, but the wait time for results – In the case of Quest Diagnostics, it can take up to 24 hours to get the results of a negative test, and up to 72 hours for the results of a non-negative test. Another point to consider is that while most lab tests cover the most commonly abused drugs like amphetamines, barbiturates, opioids, and methamphetamines, an additional test (for an additional fee) is often required to detect specialty drugs like Ecstasy and K2/Spice.

In a Nutshell

If a company requires adherence to SAMHSA testing methods, and is likely to need this information to present as evidence in court, then a laboratory test is the only option. The cost is significantly more, and the time it takes for your employee and your hiring manager to receive the info is much longer, but companies can be assured that the tests administered are done correctly.

If a company adheres to a strict “No Tolerance” policy, and wants the flexibility to manage their own drug testings, then an instant drug test is an excellent choice. Advancements to instant tests ensure 99% accuracy, and provide results in as little as five minutes, saving money and time for the company and the employees.

Conclusion

Is one method of drug testing more accurate than another? It really comes down to that one final percent. With a 99% accuracy rate for instant drug testing, it is hard to believe that a laboratory test is still required by some organizations. However, with guidelines that must be followed by having a second test on file, laboratory tests ensure that the final 1% is there by providing an additional verification for accuracy.

For today’s employers and clinics, instant drug testing offers an efficient and alternative way to get results in as little as five minutes with a single saliva, hair, or urine sample, and provides highly accurate results at a fraction of the cost of traditional lab testing.

 References:

https://ohsonline.com/Articles/2012/10/01/Drug-Testing-Promotes-Workplace-Safety.aspx

http://www.cannamm.com/news/blog/advantages-disadvantages-to-lab-based-urine-testing/

https://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/IVDRegulatoryAssistance/ucm124105.htm

  from https://drugtestsinbulk.com/blog/instant-drug-testing-vs-laboratory-testing/ from http://drugtestsinbulk0.blogspot.com/2017/08/instant-drug-testing-vs-laboratory.html from http://salivadrugtest0.blogspot.com/2017/08/instant-drug-testing-vs-laboratory.html

[oraldrugtest]

Instant Drug Testing Vs. Laboratory Testing

What’s The Difference Between an Instant Drug Test and Laboratory Drug Test?

Overview

When it’s time to administer a drug test, many questions can come to mind. What type of test is most appropriate for my particular business? Which type of test would provide the best means to obtain testing information? And what is the cost of using an instant drug test versus getting the tests done in a lab? This article will explore both instant and lab drug testing, discuss different options in each category, and show how both types of testing methods each have benefits and pitfalls.

Assumptions

While many instant drug tests are seen as initial screening methods, with lab results being the ultimate indicator of accuracy, many instant drug tests are now compliant with the very same certifications and follow the safety guidelines set for by the C.L.I.A., which ensures that testing meets quality standards for best practices in safety. Drug testing has been proven to decrease employee absenteeism, turnover rates, and increase employee productivity. Furthermore, having a testing program in place discourages employees from abusing drugs, and is also part of keeping operating costs down by avoiding potential risk for employee accidents and worker’s compensation claims. In hospitals and clinics, safety is also an utmost concern with regard to patient care and rehabilitation. Now employers and clinic managers have more options than ever to provide the highest quality drug testing services within their organizations. Let’s have a closer look at both forms of testing.

A Closer Look at Instant Drug Tests

Instant drug tests are all over the market. They can be found at a local drug store or Walmart, purchased online individually, or in bulk like we do at DTIB. Costs for instant drug tests range from $10-75 for an individual test, and from $2-10 when buying tests in bulk. While not all Instant Drug Tests are created equally, there are many options and methods for testing with instant or very quick results. Instant drug tests can get results from saliva, hair, or urine, and can detect a wide range of substances from alcohol to the latest trend among drug abusers.

Which Test is Best?

Choosing a drug test that adhere to your company’s policies can often depend on the type of work being done. If you are in charge of a rehabilitation unit, you will need a much more comprehensive test that includes testing for specialty drugs that are likely to be abused.

If you own a construction company, it might be enough to do a simple test that covers the major drugs that are abused to ensure that your employees will be able to perform their jobs safely.

Some tests offered at DTIB test for a single drug, such as an alcohol test. In addition to a comprehensive exam for hiring and periodic “No Tolerance” testing, a simple alcohol test can be used to test employees who might be providing cause to suspect substance abuse, or in the event of an accident. Having a strict policy with instant access to a drug test gives a clear message that drug abusers need not apply.

How Do Instant Drug Tests Work?

The most commonly used method of instant drug testing is a urine cup. To take the test, a sample of urine is collected, and the cup is sealed. Results can be read in as little as five minutes by viewing the multi-colored panels on the outside label of the cups. These tests can test for a single drug, or for up to sixteen different types of drugs in the system. Urine Cup tests each have threshold for the amounts of drugs in the system that are tested. When these thresholds are reached, the panel will indicate a positive result for that drug.

While many urine cups are known for not always being accurate, there are options that are high quality tests which are not only CLIA approved, but have produced results that are 99% accurate, such as our thirteen panel and sixteen panel megacup tests.

A Closer Look at Laboratory Drug Testing

  How Laboratory Testing Works

Laboratory testing is a standard practice for many companies who are onboarding new employees, or testing employees who are returning to the workplace after a leave of absence. Lab specialists collect the samples and provide the results to the employers. While some see drug testing as an invasion of privacy, because tests can reveal medications and other medical conditions which may not interfere with job performance, almost 40% of large companies now use laboratory drug testing because it has shown to improve productivity and provide motivation for employees who are using drugs to get help.

Ordinarily, new hires are given instructions to visit the lab to provide a sample. It is up to the employee to make their way to the lab during business hours. When the employee arrives, they are provided the test, and provide the sample in a controlled environment.

Laboratory Wait Times

In densely populated areas, waiting in line at a laboratory can take hours. Test results can also take longer than the standard 24-hour turnaround, which means potential delays for HR managers who need the results in order to move forward in the hiring process.

Laboratory tests might be worth the wait if the tester needs to verify drug abuse in a court of law, or if a company does not have a dedicated person available to manage testing. However, a standard laboratory testing is a costly practice.

Benefits and Pitfalls

Instant Drug Testing

The benefits of instant drug testing are clear – an employer can instantly test employees on site without requiring they take an additional trip to the lab. Comprehensive instant drug tests like the sixteen-panel tests we offer at DTIB ensure that potential employees and hiring managers make the most of testing time with only one sample needed, and one test to take. The procedure for testing via urine or saliva collection is streamlined due to the ease of having all potential employees easily gathered in one place, versus relying upon each individual to make it into a nearby lab for testing in time for the beginning of group trainings.

Administering testing on-site saves time and money on laboratory testing costs, as instant tests cost much less than laboratory testing, averaging $7 per tests when purchased in bulk versus $30-38 per test at a lab, thereby decreasing the upfront cost of hiring and testing employees.

Laboratory Testing

There are certainly benefits to taking the route of laboratory testing as well. According to an employee who blogs about working at Quest Diagnostics, “…Lab-based testing is the only drug testing method permitted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) and the Department of Transportation (DOT). Due to these certifications, lab-based test results provide empirical data to prove accuracy claims. Lab-based testing also provides additional security in knowing non-negative results are tested a second time to confirm the screening result.” This means that if your company or organization must adhere to these guidelines, then using a laboratory is the only possible route for testing. It might not be the most economical route, but the results will be accurate, and proven so with two testings. Testing data from SAMHSA laboratories can be used as evidence in a court of law.

The pitfall of laboratory testing is not just the cost, but the wait time for results – In the case of Quest Diagnostics, it can take up to 24 hours to get the results of a negative test, and up to 72 hours for the results of a non-negative test. Another point to consider is that while most lab tests cover the most commonly abused drugs like amphetamines, barbiturates, opioids, and methamphetamines, an additional test (for an additional fee) is often required to detect specialty drugs like Ecstasy and K2/Spice.

In a Nutshell

If a company requires adherence to SAMHSA testing methods, and is likely to need this information to present as evidence in court, then a laboratory test is the only option. The cost is significantly more, and the time it takes for your employee and your hiring manager to receive the info is much longer, but companies can be assured that the tests administered are done correctly.

If a company adheres to a strict “No Tolerance” policy, and wants the flexibility to manage their own drug testings, then an instant drug test is an excellent choice. Advancements to instant tests ensure 99% accuracy, and provide results in as little as five minutes, saving money and time for the company and the employees.

Conclusion

Is one method of drug testing more accurate than another? It really comes down to that one final percent. With a 99% accuracy rate for instant drug testing, it is hard to believe that a laboratory test is still required by some organizations. However, with guidelines that must be followed by having a second test on file, laboratory tests ensure that the final 1% is there by providing an additional verification for accuracy.

For today’s employers and clinics, instant drug testing offers an efficient and alternative way to get results in as little as five minutes with a single saliva, hair, or urine sample, and provides highly accurate results at a fraction of the cost of traditional lab testing.

  References:

https://ohsonline.com/Articles/2012/10/01/Drug-Testing-Promotes-Workplace-Safety.aspx

http://www.cannamm.com/news/blog/advantages-disadvantages-to-lab-based-urine-testing/

https://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/IVDRegulatoryAssistance/ucm124105.htm

  From https://drugtestsinbulk.com/blog/instant-drug-testing-vs-laboratory-testing/

from https://drugtestsinbulk0.wordpress.com/2017/08/22/instant-drug-testing-vs-laboratory-testing/

[corydelano]

Instant Drug Testing Vs. Laboratory Testing

What’s The Difference Between an Instant Drug Test and Laboratory Drug Test?

Overview

When it’s time to administer a drug test, many questions can come to mind. What type of test is most appropriate for my particular business? Which type of test would provide the best means to obtain testing information? And what is the cost of using an instant drug test versus getting the tests done in a lab? This article will explore both instant and lab drug testing, discuss different options in each category, and show how both types of testing methods each have benefits and pitfalls.

Assumptions

While many instant drug tests are seen as initial screening methods, with lab results being the ultimate indicator of accuracy, many instant drug tests are now compliant with the very same certifications and follow the safety guidelines set for by the C.L.I.A., which ensures that testing meets quality standards for best practices in safety. Drug testing has been proven to decrease employee absenteeism, turnover rates, and increase employee productivity. Furthermore, having a testing program in place discourages employees from abusing drugs, and is also part of keeping operating costs down by avoiding potential risk for employee accidents and worker’s compensation claims. In hospitals and clinics, safety is also an utmost concern with regard to patient care and rehabilitation. Now employers and clinic managers have more options than ever to provide the highest quality drug testing services within their organizations. Let’s have a closer look at both forms of testing.

A Closer Look at Instant Drug Tests

Instant drug tests are all over the market. They can be found at a local drug store or Walmart, purchased online individually, or in bulk like we do at DTIB. Costs for instant drug tests range from $10-75 for an individual test, and from $2-10 when buying tests in bulk. While not all Instant Drug Tests are created equally, there are many options and methods for testing with instant or very quick results. Instant drug tests can get results from saliva, hair, or urine, and can detect a wide range of substances from alcohol to the latest trend among drug abusers.

Which Test is Best?

Choosing a drug test that adhere to your company’s policies can often depend on the type of work being done. If you are in charge of a rehabilitation unit, you will need a much more comprehensive test that includes testing for specialty drugs that are likely to be abused.

If you own a construction company, it might be enough to do a simple test that covers the major drugs that are abused to ensure that your employees will be able to perform their jobs safely.

Some tests offered at DTIB test for a single drug, such as an alcohol test. In addition to a comprehensive exam for hiring and periodic “No Tolerance” testing, a simple alcohol test can be used to test employees who might be providing cause to suspect substance abuse, or in the event of an accident. Having a strict policy with instant access to a drug test gives a clear message that drug abusers need not apply.

How Do Instant Drug Tests Work?

The most commonly used method of instant drug testing is a urine cup. To take the test, a sample of urine is collected, and the cup is sealed. Results can be read in as little as five minutes by viewing the multi-colored panels on the outside label of the cups. These tests can test for a single drug, or for up to sixteen different types of drugs in the system. Urine Cup tests each have threshold for the amounts of drugs in the system that are tested. When these thresholds are reached, the panel will indicate a positive result for that drug.

While many urine cups are known for not always being accurate, there are options that are high quality tests which are not only CLIA approved, but have produced results that are 99% accurate, such as our thirteen panel and sixteen panel megacup tests.

A Closer Look at Laboratory Drug Testing

 How Laboratory Testing Works

Laboratory testing is a standard practice for many companies who are onboarding new employees, or testing employees who are returning to the workplace after a leave of absence. Lab specialists collect the samples and provide the results to the employers. While some see drug testing as an invasion of privacy, because tests can reveal medications and other medical conditions which may not interfere with job performance, almost 40% of large companies now use laboratory drug testing because it has shown to improve productivity and provide motivation for employees who are using drugs to get help.

Ordinarily, new hires are given instructions to visit the lab to provide a sample. It is up to the employee to make their way to the lab during business hours. When the employee arrives, they are provided the test, and provide the sample in a controlled environment.

Laboratory Wait Times

In densely populated areas, waiting in line at a laboratory can take hours. Test results can also take longer than the standard 24-hour turnaround, which means potential delays for HR managers who need the results in order to move forward in the hiring process.

Laboratory tests might be worth the wait if the tester needs to verify drug abuse in a court of law, or if a company does not have a dedicated person available to manage testing. However, a standard laboratory testing is a costly practice.

Benefits and Pitfalls

Instant Drug Testing

The benefits of instant drug testing are clear – an employer can instantly test employees on site without requiring they take an additional trip to the lab. Comprehensive instant drug tests like the sixteen-panel tests we offer at DTIB ensure that potential employees and hiring managers make the most of testing time with only one sample needed, and one test to take. The procedure for testing via urine or saliva collection is streamlined due to the ease of having all potential employees easily gathered in one place, versus relying upon each individual to make it into a nearby lab for testing in time for the beginning of group trainings.

Administering testing on-site saves time and money on laboratory testing costs, as instant tests cost much less than laboratory testing, averaging $7 per tests when purchased in bulk versus $30-38 per test at a lab, thereby decreasing the upfront cost of hiring and testing employees.

Laboratory Testing

There are certainly benefits to taking the route of laboratory testing as well. According to an employee who blogs about working at Quest Diagnostics, “…Lab-based testing is the only drug testing method permitted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) and the Department of Transportation (DOT). Due to these certifications, lab-based test results provide empirical data to prove accuracy claims. Lab-based testing also provides additional security in knowing non-negative results are tested a second time to confirm the screening result.” This means that if your company or organization must adhere to these guidelines, then using a laboratory is the only possible route for testing. It might not be the most economical route, but the results will be accurate, and proven so with two testings. Testing data from SAMHSA laboratories can be used as evidence in a court of law.

The pitfall of laboratory testing is not just the cost, but the wait time for results – In the case of Quest Diagnostics, it can take up to 24 hours to get the results of a negative test, and up to 72 hours for the results of a non-negative test. Another point to consider is that while most lab tests cover the most commonly abused drugs like amphetamines, barbiturates, opioids, and methamphetamines, an additional test (for an additional fee) is often required to detect specialty drugs like Ecstasy and K2/Spice.

In a Nutshell

If a company requires adherence to SAMHSA testing methods, and is likely to need this information to present as evidence in court, then a laboratory test is the only option. The cost is significantly more, and the time it takes for your employee and your hiring manager to receive the info is much longer, but companies can be assured that the tests administered are done correctly.

If a company adheres to a strict “No Tolerance” policy, and wants the flexibility to manage their own drug testings, then an instant drug test is an excellent choice. Advancements to instant tests ensure 99% accuracy, and provide results in as little as five minutes, saving money and time for the company and the employees.

Conclusion

Is one method of drug testing more accurate than another? It really comes down to that one final percent. With a 99% accuracy rate for instant drug testing, it is hard to believe that a laboratory test is still required by some organizations. However, with guidelines that must be followed by having a second test on file, laboratory tests ensure that the final 1% is there by providing an additional verification for accuracy.

For today’s employers and clinics, instant drug testing offers an efficient and alternative way to get results in as little as five minutes with a single saliva, hair, or urine sample, and provides highly accurate results at a fraction of the cost of traditional lab testing.

 References:

https://ohsonline.com/Articles/2012/10/01/Drug-Testing-Promotes-Workplace-Safety.aspx

http://www.cannamm.com/news/blog/advantages-disadvantages-to-lab-based-urine-testing/

https://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/IVDRegulatoryAssistance/ucm124105.htm

  from https://drugtestsinbulk.com/blog/instant-drug-testing-vs-laboratory-testing/ from http://drugtestsinbulk0.blogspot.com/2017/08/instant-drug-testing-vs-laboratory.html

[margdarsanme]

मेडिकल सांइस के संक्षिप्त शब्द Medical Science Shortcut Words

Medical  Abbreviations List / हाॅस्पिटल, क्लेनिक में डाॅक्टर द्वारा मरीज उपचार एवं दवाईयों के लिए सम्बन्धित पर्चा, लेटर, डोक्यूमेंटस तैयार किया जाता है। जोकि हर कोई व्यक्ति आसानी से नहीं समझ पाता है। मरीज विवरण तैयार करने में डाॅक्टर/एक्सपर्ट मेडिकल भाषा में र्शाटकट कीवर्डस में विवरण लिखते हैं। जिसे उपचार सारणी बनने से लेकर ऑफिस रिकाॅर्ड के लिए रखा जाता है। मेडिकल सांइस में अकसर डाॅक्टर/एक्सपर्ट मरीज का सम्पूर्ण विवरण बहुत कम संकेतिक भाषा में रखते हैं, ताकि मरीज उपचार करने में आसानी हो, आसानी से दवाईयां, उपचार और सुझाव पूरी जानकारी एक मात्र कागज लिख सकें और उपचार में देरी ना हो। अधिक-से अधिक मरीजों की सम्पूर्ण जानकारी एक मात्र "डाॅक्टर पैड" में सलंग्न हो सके। और ज्यादा से ज्यादा मरीजों का उपचार शीघ्रता से हो सके। हाॅस्पिटल, क्लेनिक में डाॅक्टर/एक्सपर्ट की ड्यूटी शिफ्ट बदलने पर, दूसरे डाॅक्टर/एक्सपर्ट की गैरहाजरी में या मेडिकल शाॅप से उपचार हेतु दवाईयां, सर्��री सामग्री या फिर बीमारी को समझना या उपचार से जुड़ी बारीकियों को जानने में आसानी बनी रहे। इस सभी उपरोक्त वजहों से डाॅक्टर/एक्सपर्ट संकेतिक भाषा का प्रयोग करते हैं। जिनहें Medical Abbreviations कहा जाता है। मेडिकल सांइस से जुड़े सभी Antimicrobial, Mechanism और Organism के Abbreviations / र्शाटकट वर्डस विस्तार से निम्न प्रकार हैं। जोकि बहुत ही हेल्पफुल हैं। डाॅक्टर और मेडिकल से जुड़ी संकेतिक भाषा जानकारी का आसानी से पता लगा सकते हैं। CARE SHORTCUT KEYS AXR = abdominal x-ray BAC = blood alcohol content BC = birth control BE = barium enema BMT = bone marrow transplant Bx = biopsy BRP = bathroom privileges CPR = cardiopulmonary resuscitation CXR = chest x-ray ECC = emergency cardiac care ECG or EKG = electrocardiogram ECMO = Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ECT = Electroconvulsive therapy ECV = External cephalic version FB = Foreign body FNA = Fine needle aspiration FOBT = Fecal occult blood testing GLT = Glucose loading test GTT = Glucose tolerance test H20 = Water I&D = Incision and drainage IM = Intramuscular I&O = Intake and output IV = Intravenous IUPC = Intrauterine pressure catheter In vitro = In the laboratory In vivo = In the body KUB = Kidney, ureter, bladder (x-ray) OGTT = Oral glucose tolerance test PAP = Pulmonary artery pressure; Papanicolaou test PEEP = Positive end expiratory pressure PT = Physical therapy T&C = Type and cross (blood) TPA = Tissue plasminogen activator (dissolve clots), total parenteral alimentation UA = Urinalysis US = Ultrasound XRT = External radiation therapy BODY DESCRIPTION SHORTCUT KEYS ABD = Abdomen AD = Right ear AL = Left ear AU = Both ears BMD = Bone mass density BMI = Body mass index BMR = Basal metabolic rate CBD = Common bile duct CBF = Cerebral blood flow FL = Femur length FROM = Free range of motion HC = Head circumference IBW = Ideal body weight LLL = Left lower lobe LLQ = Left lower quadrant LUL = Left upper lobe LUQ = Left upper quadrant LV = Left ventricle OD = Right eye OS = Left eye OU = Both eyes PNS = Peripheral nervous system RA = Right atrium RUL = Right upper lobe RUQ = Right upper quadrant RV = Right ventricle, residual volume TLC = Total lung capacity UE = Upper extremity WT = Weight DIAGNOSIS & CONDITION SHORTCUT KEYS ADHD = Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder AF = Acid-fast AIDS = Acquired immune deficiency syndrome A&O = Alert and oriented AOB = Alcohol on breath ARDS = Adult respiratory distress syndrome ARF = Acute renal failure, acute rheumatic fever BAD = Bipolar affective disorder BM = Bowel movement BP = Blood pressure CA = Cancer CAB = Carotid artery bruit CABG = Coronary artery bypass graft CAD = Coronary artery disease CBC = Complete blood count CF = Cystic fibrosis C/F = Chills, fever COVID 19 = Corona Virus CFT = Complement fixation testing CHD = Congenital heart disease CHF = Congestive heart failure COLD = Chronic obstructive lung disease COPD = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CP = Chest pain CP = Cerebral palsy C/S = Cesarean section CV = Cardiovascular CVA = Cerebral vascular accident (stroke) DTR = Deep tendon reflex DVT = Deep venous thrombosis Dx = Diagnosis EBL = Estimated blood loss EBV = Epstein-Barr virus EC = Eye contact ECASA = Enteric coated acetylsalicylic acid EGC = Early gastric cancer FAS = Fetal alcohol syndrome FB = Foreign body F/C = Fever, chills FEF = Forced expiratory flow FHR= Fetal heart rate FM = Fetal movement FRC = Functional residual capacity FSE = Fetal scalp electrode FSH = Follicle stimulating hormone FT = Full term FX = Fracture GA = Gestational age GH = Growth hormone GHRH = Growth hormone releasing hormone GI = Gastrointestinal GLT = Glucose loading test GSW = Gunshot wound GTT = Glucose tolerance test GU = Genitourinary HA = Headache HA = Hemolytic anemia HAV = Hepatitis A virus HBV = Hepatitis B virus Hb = Hemoglobin HCV = Hepatitis C virus HDL = High density lipoprotein HDV = Hepatitis D virus HIV = Human immunodeficiency virus HPA = Hypothalamic suppression test HR = Heart rate HTN = Hypertension IBD = Inflammatory bowel disease IBS = Inflammatory bowel syndrome ICP = Intracranial pressure IDDM = Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus IPF = Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis IUI = Intrauterine insemination IUP = Intrauterine pregnancy IVF = In vitro fertilization IVIG = Intravenous immune globulin IVP = Intravenous push JCV = JC virus JRA = Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis JVD = Jugular venous distension KS = Kaposi sarcoma LAD = Leukocyte adhesion deficiency LBP = Ower back pain LBW = Low birth weight LIH = Left inguinal hernia LOF = Loss of fluid MD = Muscular dystrophy MR = Mental retardation MS = Multiple sclerosis NAD = No acute distress Nat/O = Birth NIDDM = Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus NM = Neuromuscular N/V = Nausea vomiting NVD = Normal vaginal delivery OCD = Obsessive compulsive disorder ON = Optic neuritis OSA = Obstructive sleep apnea PD = Parkinson's disease PE = Pulmonary embolism PKD = Polycystic kidney disease PID = Pelvic inflammatory disease PIH = Pregnancy induced hypertension PMS = Premenstrual syndrome PTSD = Post-traumatic stress disorder RA = Rheumatoid arthritis RAD = Reactive airway disease RDS = Respiratory distress syndrome REM = Rapid eye movements RHD = Rheumatic heart disease RXN = Reaction SAB = Spontaneous abortion SBO = Small bowel obstruction SBS = Shaken baby syndrome SOB = Shortness of breath STD = Sexually transmitted disease TAH = Total abdominal hysterectomy TB = Tuberculosis TBI = Traumatic brain injury TGA = Transient global amnesia UC = Ulcerative colitis UO = Urine output URI = Upper respiratory infection UTI = Urinary tract infection VB = Vaginal bleeding VBAC = Vaginal birth after caesarean section VF = Ventricular fibrillation VH = Vaginal hysterectomy, hallucination VIP = Voluntary interruption of pregnancy COMMUNICATION SHORTCUT KEYS AA =  Amino acid ABG =  Arterial blood gas ADM =  Admission, admitted ALS =  Advanced life support, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis AMA = Against medical advice, American Medical Association ASAP = As soon as possible A&W = Alive and well C = Centigrade, celsius CC = Cubic centimeter, chief complaint, critical care, complications, carbon copy C/O =  Complains of, care of CO2 = Carbon dioxide D/C =  Discontinue or discharge DNR =  Do not resuscitate DO = Disorder DOA = Dead on arrival or date of admission DOB = Date of birth DOT = Directly observed therapy DSM = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders EDC = Estimated date of confinement EDD = Estimated delivery date EGA = Estimated gestational age ER = Emergency room F = Fahrenheit H&P = History & physical examination HPI = History of present illness H/O = History of HR = Heart rate or hour HS = Hour of sleep (bedtime) ICU = Intensive care unit ID = Infectious diseases IP = Inpatient IQ = Intelligence quotient IU = International units MCO = Managed care organization MG = milligram MVA = motor vehicle accident ML = milliliter NKDA = no known drug allergies NTG = nitroglycerin O2 = oxygen OPD = outpatient department P = pulse Post-op = postoperative (after surgery) Pre-op = preoperative (before surgery) PA or PT = patient PCP = primary care physician RBC = red blood cell RF = risk factor S = without (sans) SX = symptoms S/S = signs and symptoms STAT = immediately T = temperature TPR = temperature, pulse, respiration USOH = usual state of health VS = vital signs VSS = vital signs stable WB = whole blood WBC = white blood cell WNL = within normal limits MECHANISM SHORTCUT KEYS beta-lactamase = blac ESBL, all types = esbl ESBL, CTX-M type = esbl_ctxm mecA gene = mecA methicillin resistant = metR mupA gene = mupA ORGANISM SHORTCUT KEYS Alpha-haemolytic streptococcus = as Beta-haemolytic streptococcus = bs Coagulase-negative staphylococcus = cn Enterobacte = re Enterococcus = ec Escherichia coli = eo Klebsiell = ak Proteea = ep Pseudomonas =  ps Serratia = gn Staphylococcus aureus = st Streptococcus pneumoniae = pn ANTIMICROBIAL SHORTCUT KEYS amoxicillin = amx amoxicillin/clavulanate = amc amikacin = amk ampicillin = amp azithromycin = azm cefaclor = cec cefotaxime = ctx cefoxitin = fox ceftaroline = cpt ceftazidime = caz ceftazidime/avibactam = cza ceftobiprole = bpr ceftolozane/tazobactam = c_t cefuroxime = cxm ciprofloxacin = cip clarithromycin = clr clindamycin = cli colistin = cst dalbavancin = dal daptomycin = dap doripenem = dor ertapenem = etp erythromycin = ery faropenem = far fusidic acid = fus gemifloxacin = gem gentamicin = gen imipenem = ipm imipenem/relebactam= ipr levofloxacin = lvx linezolid = lzd meropenem = mem metronidazole = mtz minocycline = min moxifloxacin = mxf mupirocin = mup oxacillin = oxa penicillin = pen piperacillin/tazobactam =tzp rifampicin = rif solithromycin = sol teicoplanin = tec telavancin = tlv telithromycin = tel tetracycline = tet tigecycline = tgc tobramycin = tob trimethoprim = tmp trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole = sxt vancomycin = van

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मेडिकल सांइस के संक्षिप्त शब्द Medical Science Shortcut Words

Medical  Abbreviations List / हाॅस्पिटल, क्लेनिक में डाॅक्टर द्वारा मरीज उपचार एवं दवाईयों के लिए सम्बन्धित पर्चा, लेटर, डोक्यूमेंटस तैयार किया जाता है। जोकि हर कोई व्यक्ति आसानी से नहीं समझ पाता है। मरीज विवरण तैयार करने में डाॅक्टर/एक्सपर्ट मेडिकल भाषा में र्शाटकट कीवर्डस में विवरण लिखते हैं। जिसे उपचार सारणी बनने से लेकर ऑफिस रिकाॅर्ड के लिए रखा जाता है। मेडिकल सांइस में अकसर डाॅक्टर/एक्सपर्ट मरीज का सम्पूर्ण विवरण बहुत कम संकेतिक भाषा में रखते हैं, ताकि मरीज उपचार करने में आसानी हो, आसानी से दवाईयां, उपचार और सुझाव पूरी जानकारी एक मात्र कागज लिख सकें और उपचार में देरी ना हो। अधिक-से अधिक मरीजों की सम्पूर्ण जानकारी एक मात्र "डाॅक्टर पैड" में सलंग्न हो सके। और ज्यादा से ज्यादा मरीजों का उपचार शीघ्रता से हो सके। हाॅस्पिटल, क्लेनिक में डाॅक्टर/एक्सपर्ट की ड्यूटी शिफ्ट बदलने पर, दूसरे डाॅक्टर/एक्सपर्ट की गैरहाजरी में या मेडिकल शाॅप से उपचार हेतु दवाईयां, सर्जरी सामग्री या फिर बीमारी को समझना या उपचार से जुड़ी बारीकियों को जानने में आसानी बनी रहे। इस सभी उपरोक्त वजहों से डाॅक्टर/एक्सपर्ट संकेतिक भाषा का प्रयोग करते हैं। जिनहें Medical Abbreviations कहा जाता है। मेडिकल सांइस से जुड़े सभी Antimicrobial, Mechanism और Organism के Abbreviations / र्शाटकट वर्डस विस्तार से निम्न प्रकार हैं। जोकि बहुत ही हेल्पफुल हैं। डाॅक्टर और मेडिकल से जुड़ी संकेतिक भाषा जानकारी का आसानी से पता लगा सकते हैं। CARE SHORTCUT KEYS AXR = abdominal x-ray BAC = blood alcohol content BC = birth control BE = barium enema BMT = bone marrow transplant Bx = biopsy BRP = bathroom privileges CPR = cardiopulmonary resuscitation CXR = chest x-ray ECC = emergency cardiac care ECG or EKG = electrocardiogram ECMO = Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ECT = Electroconvulsive therapy ECV = External cephalic version FB = Foreign body FNA = Fine needle aspiration FOBT = Fecal occult blood testing GLT = Glucose loading test GTT = Glucose tolerance test H20 = Water I&D = Incision and drainage IM = Intramuscular I&O = Intake and output IV = Intravenous IUPC = Intrauterine pressure catheter In vitro = In the laboratory In vivo = In the body KUB = Kidney, ureter, bladder (x-ray) OGTT = Oral glucose tolerance test PAP = Pulmonary artery pressure; Papanicolaou test PEEP = Positive end expiratory pressure PT = Physical therapy T&C = Type and cross (blood) TPA = Tissue plasminogen activator (dissolve clots), total parenteral alimentation UA = Urinalysis US = Ultrasound XRT = External radiation therapy BODY DESCRIPTION SHORTCUT KEYS ABD = Abdomen AD = Right ear AL = Left ear AU = Both ears BMD = Bone mass density BMI = Body mass index BMR = Basal metabolic rate CBD = Common bile duct CBF = Cerebral blood flow FL = Femur length FROM = Free range of motion HC = Head circumference IBW = Ideal body weight LLL = Left lower lobe LLQ = Left lower quadrant LUL = Left upper lobe LUQ = Left upper quadrant LV = Left ventricle OD = Right eye OS = Left eye OU = Both eyes PNS = Peripheral nervous system RA = Right atrium RUL = Right upper lobe RUQ = Right upper quadrant RV = Right ventricle, residual volume TLC = Total lung capacity UE = Upper extremity WT = Weight DIAGNOSIS & CONDITION SHORTCUT KEYS ADHD = Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder AF = Acid-fast AIDS = Acquired immune deficiency syndrome A&O = Alert and oriented AOB = Alcohol on breath ARDS = Adult respiratory distress syndrome ARF = Acute renal failure, acute rheumatic fever BAD = Bipolar affective disorder BM = Bowel movement BP = Blood pressure CA = Cancer CAB = Carotid artery bruit CABG = Coronary artery bypass graft CAD = Coronary artery disease CBC = Complete blood count CF = Cystic fibrosis C/F = Chills, fever COVID 19 = Corona Virus CFT = Complement fixation testing CHD = Congenital heart disease CHF = Congestive heart failure COLD = Chronic obstructive lung disease COPD = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CP = Chest pain CP = Cerebral palsy C/S = Cesarean section CV = Cardiovascular CVA = Cerebral vascular accident (stroke) DTR = Deep tendon reflex DVT = Deep venous thrombosis Dx = Diagnosis EBL = Estimated blood loss EBV = Epstein-Barr virus EC = Eye contact ECASA = Enteric coated acetylsalicylic acid EGC = Early gastric cancer FAS = Fetal alcohol syndrome FB = Foreign body F/C = Fever, chills FEF = Forced expiratory flow FHR= Fetal heart rate FM = Fetal movement FRC = Functional residual capacity FSE = Fetal scalp electrode FSH = Follicle stimulating hormone FT = Full term FX = Fracture GA = Gestational age GH = Growth hormone GHRH = Growth hormone releasing hormone GI = Gastrointestinal GLT = Glucose loading test GSW = Gunshot wound GTT = Glucose tolerance test GU = Genitourinary HA = Headache HA = Hemolytic anemia HAV = Hepatitis A virus HBV = Hepatitis B virus Hb = Hemoglobin HCV = Hepatitis C virus HDL = High density lipoprotein HDV = Hepatitis D virus HIV = Human immunodeficiency virus HPA = Hypothalamic suppression test HR = Heart rate HTN = Hypertension IBD = Inflammatory bowel disease IBS = Inflammatory bowel syndrome ICP = Intracranial pressure IDDM = Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus IPF = Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis IUI = Intrauterine insemination IUP = Intrauterine pregnancy IVF = In vitro fertilization IVIG = Intravenous immune globulin IVP = Intravenous push JCV = JC virus JRA = Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis JVD = Jugular venous distension KS = Kaposi sarcoma LAD = Leukocyte adhesion deficiency LBP = Ower back pain LBW = Low birth weight LIH = Left inguinal hernia LOF = Loss of fluid MD = Muscular dystrophy MR = Mental retardation MS = Multiple sclerosis NAD = No acute distress Nat/O = Birth NIDDM = Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus NM = Neuromuscular N/V = Nausea vomiting NVD = Normal vaginal delivery OCD = Obsessive compulsive disorder ON = Optic neuritis OSA = Obstructive sleep apnea PD = Parkinson's disease PE = Pulmonary embolism PKD = Polycystic kidney disease PID = Pelvic inflammatory disease PIH = Pregnancy induced hypertension PMS = Premenstrual syndrome PTSD = Post-traumatic stress disorder RA = Rheumatoid arthritis RAD = Reactive airway disease RDS = Respiratory distress syndrome REM = Rapid eye movements RHD = Rheumatic heart disease RXN = Reaction SAB = Spontaneous abortion SBO = Small bowel obstruction SBS = Shaken baby syndrome SOB = Shortness of breath STD = Sexually transmitted disease TAH = Total abdominal hysterectomy TB = Tuberculosis TBI = Traumatic brain injury TGA = Transient global amnesia UC = Ulcerative colitis UO = Urine output URI = Upper respiratory infection UTI = Urinary tract infection VB = Vaginal bleeding VBAC = Vaginal birth after caesarean section VF = Ventricular fibrillation VH = Vaginal hysterectomy, hallucination VIP = Voluntary interruption of pregnancy COMMUNICATION SHORTCUT KEYS AA =  Amino acid ABG =  Arterial blood gas ADM =  Admission, admitted ALS =  Advanced life support, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis AMA = Against medical advice, American Medical Association ASAP = As soon as possible A&W = Alive and well C = Centigrade, celsius CC = Cubic centimeter, chief complaint, critical care, complications, carbon copy C/O =  Complains of, care of CO2 = Carbon dioxide D/C =  Discontinue or discharge DNR =  Do not resuscitate DO = Disorder DOA = Dead on arrival or date of admission DOB = Date of birth DOT = Directly observed therapy DSM = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders EDC = Estimated date of confinement EDD = Estimated delivery date EGA = Estimated gestational age ER = Emergency room F = Fahrenheit H&P = History & physical examination HPI = History of present illness H/O = History of HR = Heart rate or hour HS = Hour of sleep (bedtime) ICU = Intensive care unit ID = Infectious diseases IP = Inpatient IQ = Intelligence quotient IU = International units MCO = Managed care organization MG = milligram MVA = motor vehicle accident ML = milliliter NKDA = no known drug allergies NTG = nitroglycerin O2 = oxygen OPD = outpatient department P = pulse Post-op = postoperative (after surgery) Pre-op = preoperative (before surgery) PA or PT = patient PCP = primary care physician RBC = red blood cell RF = risk factor S = without (sans) SX = symptoms S/S = signs and symptoms STAT = immediately T = temperature TPR = temperature, pulse, respiration USOH = usual state of health VS = vital signs VSS = vital signs stable WB = whole blood WBC = white blood cell WNL = within normal limits MECHANISM SHORTCUT KEYS beta-lactamase = blac ESBL, all types = esbl ESBL, CTX-M type = esbl_ctxm mecA gene = mecA methicillin resistant = metR mupA gene = mupA ORGANISM SHORTCUT KEYS Alpha-haemolytic streptococcus = as Beta-haemolytic streptococcus = bs Coagulase-negative staphylococcus = cn Enterobacte = re Enterococcus = ec Escherichia coli = eo Klebsiell = ak Proteea = ep Pseudomonas =  ps Serratia = gn Staphylococcus aureus = st Streptococcus pneumoniae = pn ANTIMICROBIAL SHORTCUT KEYS amoxicillin = amx amoxicillin/clavulanate = amc amikacin = amk ampicillin = amp azithromycin = azm cefaclor = cec cefotaxime = ctx cefoxitin = fox ceftaroline = cpt ceftazidime = caz ceftazidime/avibactam = cza ceftobiprole = bpr ceftolozane/tazobactam = c_t cefuroxime = cxm ciprofloxacin = cip clarithromycin = clr clindamycin = cli colistin = cst dalbavancin = dal daptomycin = dap doripenem = dor ertapenem = etp erythromycin = ery faropenem = far fusidic acid = fus gemifloxacin = gem gentamicin = gen imipenem = ipm imipenem/relebactam= ipr levofloxacin = lvx linezolid = lzd meropenem = mem metronidazole = mtz minocycline = min moxifloxacin = mxf mupirocin = mup oxacillin = oxa penicillin = pen piperacillin/tazobactam =tzp rifampicin = rif solithromycin = sol teicoplanin = tec telavancin = tlv telithromycin = tel tetracycline = tet tigecycline = tgc tobramycin = tob trimethoprim = tmp trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole = sxt vancomycin = van

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