#nested switch case in java

[javagoal]

A program is a list of instructions or blocks of instructions. If you are stuck in understanding the main concept of Control structure in Java then here is the right way to understand it easily.

[inextures]

JDK 19 – All You Need to Know About Latest Java Release

On September 20, 2022, the most recent version of Java 19, or JDK 19, was published. It includes 7 significant platform advancements that should make developers’ jobs easier.

A Quick Glance on Java 19

Structured Concurrency

Virtual Threads

A Preview of record pattern

Foreign Function & Memory API (Preview)

Pattern Matching for switch

Vector API

Port the JDK to Linux/RISC-V (2 incubators and 4 preview features,1 final feature under Hotspot Compiler)

Structured Concurrency (preview)

JEP 428 has two objectives –

Improve the multithreaded code’s ability to be dependable, observable, and maintainable.

Promote the use of concurrent programming methods that can lessen common shutdown and cancellation risks, such as thread leaks and cancellation delays.

Virtual Threads

Due to their lightweight operation, virtual threads are useful for high-throughput concurrent applications.

A Preview of record pattern

A sneak peek at record patterns to break down record values. It is possible to nest record forms and type patterns to provide declarative, potent, and modular data processing. The proposal aims to enhance pattern matching to describe more complex, composable data searches without altering type patterns’ syntax or semantics.

Foreign Function & Memory API (Preview)

Java developers have a few options available when it comes to obtaining off-heap data: Should they choose the safe but inefficient route (ByteBuffer) or should they choose performance above safety (Unsafe)?

Pattern Matching for switch

Pattern matching has been added to Java’s switch expressions and statements. A complex data-oriented query can be constructed succinctly and safely by extending pattern matching to switch, which allows expressions to be checked against a set of patterns with each one having a defined action.

Some of its major goals are –

Allowing patterns to show in case labels can make switch expressions and statements more helpful and descriptive.

Whenever necessary, let the switch drop its previous null-hostility.

By mandating that pattern switch statements cover all potential input values, you can increase the security of switch statements.

Check that every switch expression and statement presently in use executes and compiles with the same semantics.

Vector API

A new feature will be added to JDK 19, allowing vectors to be stored and loaded from memory segments. It has been incubated in JDK 16, JDK 17, and JDK 18.

This JDK 19 innovation will also add extend and compress, two cross-lane vector operations, along with a companion mask compress function. The query results are filtered with the aid of the compress procedure.

Port for Linux/RISC-V (incubator)

In addition to programmatic features, JEP 422 porting OpenJDK to Linux for the RISC-V chip architecture is available. Although there aren’t many RISC-V devices available for purchase right now, this technology seems promising, therefore Java support will be helpful.

Wrapping Up

JDK 19 finally introduces virtual threads developed by Project Loom. I’m hoping you’re as eager to employ virtual threads in your projects as I am!

The management of jobs that are divided into parallel subtasks will be substantially simplified by Structured Concurrency, which is still in the incubation stage.

Originally published by: https://www.inexture.com/java-19-jdk-release/

[myprogrammingsolver]

Loop Statements Solution

1. Write a Java program by using three for loops to print the following pattern: 1****** 12***** 123**** 1234*** 12345** 123456* 1234567 2.CheckOddEven (if-else): Write a program called CheckOddEven which prints “Odd Number” if the int variable “number” is odd, or “Even Number” otherwise. The program shall always print “BYE!” before exiting. 3.PrintNumberInWord (nested-if, switch-case): Write a…

[programmingsolver]

Loop Statements Solution

1. Write a Java program by using three for loops to print the following pattern: 1****** 12***** 123**** 1234*** 12345** 123456* 1234567 2.CheckOddEven (if-else): Write a program called CheckOddEven which prints “Odd Number” if the int variable “number” is odd, or “Even Number” otherwise. The program shall always print “BYE!” before exiting. 3.PrintNumberInWord (nested-if, switch-case): Write a…

[szhmidty]

VS

The second way of doing things isn’t the worst in the world, but any time you find yourself doing nested if statements you probably want to think about using a switch case block or some kind of hash table (Tables in Lua, Dictionaries in Python, Hash Maps in Java, etc).

But like, look at the weird limitations of the second one. String comparisons aside, god knows you’re not going to write all of that on one line. The natural thing to do is to put a new line for each conditional. But doing that introduces white space in a block that is supposed to be text, so the whitespace is interpreted as text, producing weird outputs where each heading down the list has more and more whitespace added to it. So you’re forced to comment out the ends of those lines. That weird formatting requirement is itself a result of the limitation of TeX to scan around and modify it’s behaviour based on the preceding and following characters, because Turing complete is not the same as feasible and it would take absolutely forever for package maintainers to write in a way that doesn’t result in undesired behaviour.

None of this is a huge deal, but writing everything using the TeX family is like this, you have to constantly keep in mind the implementation details of every package you use and its side effects. At a certain point it feels like running a marathon with a rock in my shoe.

So like: I'm not alone in thinking that LaTeX should be rebuilt from the ground up, right?

I love it for what it can do, but its so painful to use. If I want to create a Nomenclature with subheadings, the recommended way to do it involves renewing a command and using nested string comparisons, one for each subheading (basically if {MarkerA} then {HeadingA} else {if {MarkerB} then {HeadingB} else {etc}}); there's only so much careful code styling can do to make that not horrible to read and write. And that's to say nothing of the weird way the nomencl package actually uses the markers, probably itself a result of the limitation that commands can have only one optional argument.

Everything in LaTeX is like this: a horrible kludge of code that can do anything, but making it do what you want is painful. That nothing has surpassed it in the last 30 years is less a testament of LaTeX's power and more a testament of everyone else being insane.

Probably luaLaTeX could fix some of this, but then I'd have to learn lua which like, fine, I'd probably enjoy it, but I wouldn't be able to collaborate with anyone because they won't know lua.

[inlarn]

Basic hello world program in java

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Write a java program to convert temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit

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Write a java program to arrange strings in alphabetical order

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Write a single dimension array in a java program to modify the element located in the leftwards direction

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Write a program to print the down arrow pattern in java

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Write a java program to print binary search program using while loop

Java program to print the ascending order using for loop

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Write a java program to create a singly linked list and display the element

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[harrymarxblog-blog]

Classic ASP with OO: full inheritance

Classic ASP with OO: full inheritance

Harry Marx

OK - I added the source here for you as well - and if you want to read my self-praise thereafter, you are warned.

http://www.nimbushost.co.za/sandbox/asp/aspp.asp?fname=example

PS. I found some major issues in the code and fixed it... working even better now :-)

PS2. This was done in 2015 - now 2018 - major upgrade available - soon will add a new link.

Note - this is not just about how nice classic ASP is, it is also about enhancements of it.

Topic 1: Classic ASP - is it still alive?

You may think I'm mad, but I will make a statement and support it with some interesting facts... "Classic ASP is among, if not THE, most advanced programming language there ever was. "

Now the reasons I say so...

Imagine you have a programming language that CANNOT do some stuff.

Take for example Classic ASP, one of the scripting language used in IIS for web pages (although not "supported" any more...)

There are stuff you cannot do with classic ASP, for example its class structures does not have inheritance and therefore not polymorphism. Imagine your pet language is JAVA, yes, it also has limitations - no multiple inheritance. And so does all languages have some shortcoming.

Now, my question to you is, can YOUR pet language be "extended" to do what they say it can't?

I will stick to Classic ASP for now.

My first problem was runtime includes. An include is like a "module", another source file, that IIS pulls into the main source file. You specify the name of the file where you want it to be included, and it is compiled into your source exactly where you want it. Nice.

But my problem was that I had many of these, and they are becoming co-dependent.  A and B used C (each included C), and if you included A and B into main.asp, you generally get "name redefinition errors".

So can Classic ASPs do runtime includes, and thereby test is C is already included and then NOT include it a 2nd time? NO, it can't. Oops, sorry, it CAN!

For example, a very naïve implementation:

    Dim fso, f, alreadydone

    if instr(alreadydone, "myRuntimeInclude.INC") = 0 then

       alreadydone = alreadydone & "myRuntimeInclude.INC"

       Set fso = Server.CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")

       set f = fso.OpenTextFile("myRuntimeInclude.INC", 1)

       source = f.ReadAll

       f.close

       set f = Nothing

       set fso = Nothing

       ExecuteGlobal source

     end if

Now you could package this in a nice SUB, do error handling, etc., and put it inside its own include, and you have the beginnings of runtime includes. In particular, you can add a global variable to this include, into which you add the names of the files included, and NOT include them a 2nd time.

So with a few simple lines of code, ExecuteGlobal enabled Classic ASP to do something it could not.

For example, doing a runtime include like this, will of course not do the nested static includes. No problem - turn the INCLUDE function into a recursive one, and do the static includes also runtime!

Does this makes everything slower? With todays fast servers and cached hard drives etc? Yes, slightly, but just throw more hardware at it and we are OK again - ha ha ha. Yes it is slower, but if you want speed - you would not have gone for classic asp. C++ comes to mind.

And what about HTML and scripting intermixed, as classic asp developers usually does?

No problem - execute the script and print the html as you parse the tags in the include!

Now I will of course add some more notes here, and finally provide you with the source code, but if you are wondering what the final product does, here are a few features:

* dynamic includes

* inheritance - multiple inheritance in fact

* private / inherited methods / properties

* polymorphism

* try - finally - catch blocks

* optional parameters

* function overloading

Thinking about function overloading... Classic VB, being practically a non-typed language, actually is "typed" like any other language. The difference is that in languages like C, pascal, java, dotnet etc., you define the variable's type, and it is fixed. In Classic ASP, the type of a variable is NOT fixed, and it changes according to the type of data in it - much more dynamic than ANY other language I know of. All other languages resolve the overloading at compile time, which is quicker, but still static. Classic ASP, if it had overloading, would have had to do the binding to the correct version of the overloaded method, at runtime - totally dynamic.

Yes, the example source I added here does ALL of the above!

Inheritance

So lets tackle the difficult issues, firstly inheritance:

Imagine you want to inherit from Parent. The ideal would be that you can simply in the ChildClass say:

#inherits filename

where filename contains a class definition with the same name as the file. OR,

#inherits classname in filename

where the file may contain multiple classes. (Or #inherit classname, where the file is assumed to have the same name.)

In theory all the runtime include will have to do is to read the body of the parent class and insert it into the child class's body, right?

It should drop the "class classname" and "end class" declarations from the parent of course.

This was simple. To implement this was in fact just 26 lines of code...

What about private and public  items in a class? Well the words "private" and "public" are already used in classic ASP, so why not extend it to OO directive?

#private initiates a section of not inherited  properties and methods, and must be followed with

#public which switches inheritance on again.

To implement this is a breeze - all you do is cut the parts in the Parent source between #private and #public.

To implement this was in fact just 7 lines of code...

What about #abstract methods? A one liner! Replace the #abstract tag with ThrowCustomError "abstract method not defined".

So what happens if the parent has a method "Display" and the child attempts to override it? You will get two definitions of Display in the childe class, and it will not compile - Name redefinition error.

This is a good thing! Because now you know you are trying to override a parent 's method.

The way to allow this is to use #overrides or #extends This will flag the assembler to drop the Display method from the parent definition, or to keep it with an adapted name parent_Display(). Simple, but in order to make provision for properties, subs functions, etc., this took much more code to implement, exactly 45 lines.

This #overrides tag does introduce a slight deviation from the normal OO conventions. It means you cannot call the parent's Display method inside the Child method. All the overridden methods are not available. But there is an easy fix if this is actually required. Many time you would inside a child's method do some action, and then call the parent's method with the same name. This is very much standard practice.

The #extends tag causes the parent's class to be renamed before it is added into the child class. You can call the inherited method with parent_display(). Why did I do it like this? Read on.

So all in all, it took exactly 90 lines of code, in the runtime include class, to enable the gist of OO into classic ASP. I am thinking, this is why MS has dropped support for classic ASP - it is simply too powerful.... ;-)

To recap, we implemented:

#inherits

#private

#public

#overrides

#extends

#abstract

.... in about 90 lines of classic ASP code.

And there is a small bonus. If you carefully check the code, you will notice that if A inherits from B, and B from C, all the "parents" are assembled into the source if A. The runtime include does not differentiate between who is doing what inheritance. This means you can actually have a child class inherits from multiple parents!!! You can define a chile and say:

class Child_class

#inherits A

#inherits B

...

end class

VERY few languages can do this! And that is why the #extended classes are renamed for the parent class. You can now call A_display() or B_display(), inside the child.

And you also get the case where A inherits B, which inherits C, and you want to call C_display() in A!

..now that is something to digest.

polymorphism

This is one of the complexities of OO that very few people understand. I will explain it as simple as I can.

Imagine you have two different types of objects, a square, and a circle. They are derived from "Form". Now you can define an object of type Form, and treat it as a container, in which a Square or a Circle is instantiated. Now you can call the container's Dsiplay() method, and polyM allows the correct Display method to be invoked, relative to if the container contained a Square or Circle.

At compile time, the compiler does not know which, or even if the display method is implemented.

Yet at run time, it calls the correct method!

You can have a function that takes Form as parameter, and inside the function call the Form.display method. Depending if the argument provided was a circle or square, the correct method is called.

This is in other words runtime binding or linking.

Normally as the example went, you require a "parent" class, which is often an abstract class, to act as type (container) for the derived classes. And normally you can only do this type of runtime linking, if the parent class defines a method (can be abstract) with this name.

But, the way in which this OO implementation works - you don't need either...!? because classic ASP is un-typed.

I can define a function that accepts a parameter:

Sub doDisplay(Obj)     Obj.Display   End sub

This is perfectly "compilable" in classic ASP, even though the class is never defined for Obj. Of course trying to execute it with doDisplay 10  will throw an error, because 10 does not have a Display method.

However, I can call this sub with ANY object, regardless of parentage, as long as the object has a Display method. And it will call the correct method - polymorphism without the overhead of an abstract method, or even a container class!

Heresy!

try-catch blocks

Now this is a tougher one. We want something like:

Try

    a = 1     a = a/0

    a = 2 Finally     a=0 Catch     Response.write "ERROR: div/0<br>" End try

Note the order of the finally and catch blocks. I swapped these for reasons explained later...

The issues is that classic ASP only provides us with the "on error resume next" mechanism.

I played around with some ideas, and the best I came up for now is to do it with a limitation - you cannot do a do-loop inside the try-catch block.

This is because I use an EXIT DO to jump out of the try-block.

So a simple solution is to translate the code into something like:

on error resume next Do

    a = 1: if err.number<>0 then exit Do     a = 1/0: if err.number<>0 then exit Do

    a = 2: if err.number<>0 then exit Do loop until True a=0 select case err.number

   Case 0

   case else       Response.write "ERROR: div/0<br>" end select

Err.Clear

on error goto 0

To get this working was a bit more difficult, it took about 66 lines of code.

Still, its working...

Arrays

I played around with [] brackets being replaced by array(). This is not very useful, but still its working.

For examp:

function foo( p )

   dim pp

   for each pp in p

      response.write pp & "<br>"

   next

end function

This you can then call with foo[], foo[1] or foo[1,2,3].

Function overloading

I started implementing function overloading, using the variable name, and an assigned type, as in : dim xxx #as myInt, where myInt could be ANY symbol. This I will call Variable Type Overloading. I implemented it as a global setting, and the value inside the variable does NOT carry the type with. Wherever xxx is used in the page, in all the includes as well, it is assumed to be of type myInt. This type has absolutely no effect on execution of any normal classic asp code, and only comes into affect when you overloaded a function/sub/property using Variable Name overloading: function foo(X #as myInt) can only be called now with xxx as input argument.

This is all done at compile time.

Take note that the variable type is GLOBAL, to all code underneath a runtime include, and all static includes inside the runtime include. This works for function, subs and properties, but I have not debugged it well.

Rather then I realized that classic ASP is not a type-less language, it merely hides the type from the developer, and as a bonus, the type of the variable can indeed be changed.

a = "string" 'a's type is String

a = 1 'a's type is now Integer

This is HUGE - I know of no other language that allows variable's types to change runtime, well other than when using polymorphism. So I realized that there is a 2nd form of function overloading possible: Value Type Overloading. And this has me excited.

With value type overloading, binding to the correct version of the function/sub/property is based on the data type in the variable, runtime! This is of course not achieved without overhead, as all runtime binding (even polymorphism) requires overhead. Yet it is simple and quick.

One important constraint to notice is that you CANNOT intermix variable type overloading and value type overloading in the same function. Keep them apart. This is because the one happens in the pre-processor, and the value type overloading happens runtime.

Variable type overloading is based on the actual symbol used for the data argument, while value type overloading is on the actual type of data being passed.

Value based overloading is local to within a class, or global outside all classes in a runtime include, and all nested includes. You can have the same function name as a class method, and as a global function, but they will be overloaded separately. Within a class, if you have two versions with the same pattern, you will get name redefinition errors, as the function name is merged with the pattern, and the combination is not unique. Functions that are inherited, are also pushed into the value type overload handler stack. If a parent's and child's function name and pattern are the same, you will get name redefinition errors.

There are a few constraints ito overloading:

*All versions of the function/property/sub must be of the same definition - they must be subs, or functions, or properties - you cannot mix these. All must public/private. Only a GET and a LET property can have the same overloaded name, any other will cause compile errors.

*Another silly constraint is that the definition of the method's name and parameters

must be in the same line, no line continuation character.

*Valid types are all types as returned by TypeName(): Byte, Integer, Long, Single,

Double, Currency, Decimal, Date, String, Boolean, Empty, Null, Object, Unknown,

Nothing, Error or the class name of an object.

You can also overload the return value of a getter or function. The return type will not be matched to the current type of whereto the value is returned, instead you have to tag the function/getter call itself with a type tag ex.: X = myFunc(Y) #of string. Only patterns that is tagged to return a string, will match to this call. Take note - the return type tag is not validated against the actual value returned either. So if function myFunc(Y) #of String  actually returns a n integer, the system will not see this as an error.

Also if you call myFunc with no type tag, as in X = myFunc(Y), it will match - if the type is omitted when calling the function, the return type of the overloaded function is ignored.

ooo

So tell me classic ASP is not powerful. To do all this, we needed just over 1000 lines of code.

By the way, I work at one of the largest universities in the world, and this whole runtime include concept, is forming the base of its current IIS web sites. In other words, it does work :-)

[sagar-jaybhay]

You Should Know these things Conditional Or Control Flow Statement 2019

New Post has been published on https://is.gd/qGtjEg

You Should Know these things Conditional Or Control Flow Statement 2019

Check This Previous blog post written by Sagar Jaybhay for better understanding.

Part 1: https://sagarjaybhay.net/google-go-tutorial-by-sagar-jaybhay-blog-1/

Part 2: https://sagarjaybhay.net/packages-and-golang-command-part-2/

Part 3: https://sagarjaybhay.net/detail-datatypes-in-golang-you-should-know-2019/

Part 4:https://sagarjaybhay.net/tutorial-go-language-constant-in-golang-2019/

You Should Know This Things About conditional statement or Control Flow Statement in Golang

Conditional Statement In Golang

If statement

Like any other programming language golang also support for conditional statement and it allows a developer to execute code based on condition result in the term in if statement. The if statement executes based on true or false.

In if expression need not be surrounded by parentheses ( ) but the braces   are required.

(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push();

If statement: it executes only based on a condition is true which is only one condition.

if i > 9 || i < 12 { fmt.Println("Hello, Mr.Sagar Jaybhay")

If..else: it is having 2 conditions and if one is true it will execute if block if not then it will execute else block.

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package main import ( "fmt" ) func main() var i = 1 if i > 9

If..else if…else: in these 2 conditions are managed if the first condition is not true then it will go to else if the block it will check that if it is not true then it will execute else block any condition is true then it will execute that respective block. The feature is similar to the regular programming language code for this is below.

If you want you can write multiple else if block in this statement.

package main import ( "fmt" ) func main() var i = 1 if i > 9 fmt.Println("i m in if block") else if i < 1 fmt.Println("i am in else if block") else fmt.Println("i am in else block")

if else if statement in golang

Nested If else

You can also write a nested if-else statement as per your requirement. See below code

package main import ( "fmt" ) func main() var i = 1 if 1 == 1 if i > 9 fmt.Println("i m in if block") else if i < 1 fmt.Println("i am in else if block") else fmt.Println("i am in else block") else fmt.Println("variable i not equal to 1")

Nested If else statement

Control Flow Statement in Golang

Switch Statement in golang

A switch statement in golang is the same as the switch statement in other languages like Java, C#, C, and C++.

The switch statement is a shorter way to write an if-else statement. The subtle difference between other language switch statements and golang switch statements is that golang automatically inserts break statements at the end of the case statement but in other languages, you need to specify break statements explicitly. A second important difference is that golang cases need not be constants and values of a case be anything.

package main import "fmt" func main() var a = 2 switch a case 1: fmt.Printf("1") case 2: fmt.Printf("2") case 3: fmt.Printf("3")

See this above code in this we not added break statement even though the output will print only 2 value as shown in the below image.

Switch statement in golang

Switch statement flow diagram

switch statement flow diagram in golang

Switch evaluates its cases from top to bottom and it stops when the case succeeds. Another thing is that in most programming languages switch statements you need to pass value but in golang, you no need to pass any value it evaluates as true and executes the conditions. See below example we are not passing any value to switch statement and in case statement we evaluate the expression based on that condition is executed.

package main import "fmt" func main() var a = 2 switch a case 1: fmt.Printf("1") case 2: fmt.Printf("2") case 3: fmt.Printf("3") anotherswitch() func anotherswitch() println("i am in another_switch function") var number = 40 switch case number == 10: println("number is 10") number = number + 10 case number == 20: println("number is 20") default: println("nothing has found") println("number is ", number)

GitHub Project Link :- https://github.com/Sagar-Jaybhay/GoLanguageLab

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[bayu-ti-poltektegal]

Belajar Java: Memahami 3 Bentuk Percabangan dalam Java

Kalau kita perhatikan, alur pengeksekusian sebuah kode program dikerjakan satu per satu dari atas sampai ke bawah.

Baris demi baris dibaca, kemudian komputer mengerjakan apa yang diperintahkan.

Misalnya seperti ini:

Alur programnya satu, tidak ada belokan atau percabangan.

Ngomong-ngomong apa itu percabangan?

Percabangan hanyalah sebuah istilah yang digunakan untuk menyebut alur program yang bercabang.

Percabangan juga dikenal dengan “Control Flow”, “Struktur Kondisi”, “Struktur IF”, “Decision”, dsb. Semuanya itu sama.

Pada diagram alur (Flow Chart) seperti di atas, alurnya memang satu.

Tapi setelah kita menggunakan percabangan, alurnya akan bertambah menjadi seperti ini.

Lalu bagaimana cara menulis kode percabangan dalam Java?

Caranya: menggunakan kata kunci if, else, switch, dan case, dan operator ternary.

Contoh format stuktur IF seperti ini:

if( suatu_kondisi ) {    // lakukan sesuatu kalau kondisi benar    // Lakukan ini juga }

suatu_kondisi hanya bernilai true/false saja. Kita bisa gunakan operator relasi dan logika di sini.

Untuk lebih jelasnya, nanti akan kita bahas.

Sebelumnya, kamu perlu tahu dulu tiga bentuk percabangan pada Java:

Percabangan IF

Percabangan IF/ELSE

Percabangan IF/ELSE/IF atau SWITCH/CASE

Mari kita bahas satu per satu…

1. Percabangan IF

Percabangan ini hanya memiliki satu pilihan. Artinya, pilihan di dalam IF hanya akan dikerjakan kalau kondisinya benar.

Tapi kalau salah… tidak akan melakukan apa-apa. Alias lanjut eksekusi ke perintah berikutnya.

Contoh:

Pernahkah kalian belanja di toko, kemudian kalau belanja di atas sekian ribu dapat hadiah atau diskon.

Nah! Contoh kasus seperti itu, dapat kita selesaikan dengan menggunakan percabangan ini.

untuk lebih jelasnya…

Mari Kita Membuat Program Hadiah

Misalkan ada sebuah toko buku. Mereka memberikan hadiah berupa perlengkapan sekolah kepada pembeli yang belanja di atas Rp 100.000.

Maka programnya bisa kita buat seperti ini:

import java.util.Scanner; public class Hadiah {    public static void main(String[] args) {        // membuat variabel belanja dan scanner        int belanja = 0;        Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);        // mengambil input        System.out.print("Total Belanjaan: Rp ");        belanja = scan.nextInt();        // cek apakah dia belanja di atas 100000        if ( belanja > 100000 ) {            System.out.println("Selamat, anda mendapatkan hadiah!");        }        System.out.println("Terima kasih...");    } }

Jalankan programnya dan perhatikanlah hasilnya.

Cobalah untuk memberikan nilai di bawah 100000 dan perhatikan apa akan yang terjadi.

2. Percabangan IF/ELSE

Sedangkan percabangan IF/ELSE memiliki pilihan alternatif kalau kondisinya salah.

IF: “Jika kondisi benar maka kerjakan ini, kalau tidak silahkan lanjut”

IF/ESLE: “Jika kondisi benar maka kerjakan ini, kalau salah maka kerjakan yang itu, setelah itu lanjut”

Begitulah perbedaan IF dengan IF/ELSE.

Sekarang mari kita coba dalam kode program…

Program Cek Kelulusan

Misalkan, kalau nilai siswa lebih besar dari 70, maka ia dinyatakan lulus. Kalau tidak, maka dia gagal.

Programnya bisa kita buat seperti ini:

import java.util.Scanner; public class CekKelulusan {    public static void main(String[] args) {        // membuat variabel dan Scanner        int nilai;        String nama;        Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);        // mengambil input        System.out.print("Nama: ");        nama = scan.nextLine();        System.out.print("Nilai: ");        nilai = scan.nextInt();        // cek apakah dia lulus atau tidak        if( nilai >= 70 ) {            System.out.println("Selemat " + nama + ", anda lulus!");        } else {            System.out.println("Maaf " + nama + ", anda gagal");        }    } }

Hasil outputnya:

Cobalah untuk merubah nilai yang dimasukkan dan perhatikan apa yang akan terjadi.

Percabangan IF/ELSE dengan Operator Ternary

Selain menggunakan struktur seperti di atas, percahangan ini juga dapat menggunakan operator ternary.

Seperti yang sudah kita pelajari pada pembahasan tentang operator. Operator ternary memiliki konsep yang sama seperti percabganan IF/ELSE.

Contoh programnya:

public class OperatorTernary {    public static void main(String[] args) {        boolean suka = true;        String jawaban;        // menggunakan operator ternary        jawaban = suka ? "iya" : "tidak";        // menampilkan jawaban        System.out.println(jawaban);    } }

3. Percabangan IF/ELSE/IF dan SWITCH/CASE

Jika percabangan IF/ESLE hanya memiliki dua pilihan saja. Maka percahangan IF/ELSE/IF memiliki lebih dari dua pilihan.

Formatnya seperti ini:

if (suatu kondisi) {    // maka kerjakan ini    // kerjakan perintah ini juga    // … } else if (kondisi lain) {    // kerjakan ini    // kerjakan ini juga    // … } else if (kondisi yang lain lagi) {    // kerjakan perintah ini    // kerjakan ini juga    // … } esle {    // kerjakan ini kalau    // semua kondisi di atas    // tidak ada yang benar    // … }

Coba perhatikan contohnya:

Jika nilainya lebih besar dari 90, maka grade-nya “A”. Sedangkan kalau lebih besar dari 80, maka “B+”. Lebih besar dari 70, maka “B”, dan seterusnya.

Lebih jelasnya, mari kita buat program.

Program HitungGrade

Silahkan buat sebuah class baru bernama HitungGrade, kemudian ikuti kode program berikut.

import java.util.Scanner; public class HitungGrade {    public static void main(String[] args) {        // membuat variabel dan scanner        int nilai;        String grade;        Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);        // mengambil input        System.out.print("Inputkan nilai: ");        nilai = scan.nextInt();        // higung gradenya        if ( nilai >= 90 ) {            grade = "A";        } else if ( nilai >= 80 ){            grade = "B+";        } else if ( nilai >= 70 ){            grade = "B";        } else if ( nilai >= 60 ){            grade = "C+";        } else if ( nilai >= 50 ){            grade = "C";        } else if ( nilai >= 40 ){            grade = "D";        } else {            grade = "E";        }        // cetak hasilnya        System.out.println("Grade: " + grade);    } }

Hasil outputnya:

Percabangan SWITCH/CASE

Percabangan SWITCH/CASE sebenarnya adalah bentuk lain dari IF/ELSE/IF.

Bedanya, percabangan ini menggunakan kata kunci switch dan case.

Formatnya juga berbeda, tapi cara kerjanya sama.

switch(variabel){    case 1:        // kerjakan kode ini        // kode ini juga        break;    case 2:        // kerjakan kode ini        // kode ini juga        break;    case 3:        // kerjakan kode ini        // kode ini juga        break;    default:        // kerjakan kode ini        // kode ini juga        break; }

Perhatikan: case 1 artinya nilai variabel yang akan dibandingkan, apakah nilainya sama dengan 1 atau tidak.

Kalau iya, maka kerjakan kode yang ada di dalam case 1.

Bisa juga betuknya berbeda, misalnya seperti ini:

switch (variabel) {    case 'A':        // lakukan sesuatu        break;    case 'B':        // lakukan ini        break;    default:        // lakukan ini }

Perlu diperhatikan juga: di sana ada kata kunci break dan default.

break artinya berhenti. Ini untuk memerintahkan komputer untuk berhenti mengecek case yang lainnya.

default artinya jika nilai variabel tidak ada yang sama dengan pilihan case di atas, maka kerjakan kode yang ada di dalam default.

Pilihan default bisa juga tidak memiliki break, karena dia adalah pilihan terakhir. Artinya pengecekan akan berakhir di situ.

Contoh program dengan percabangan SWITCH/CASE

import java.util.Scanner; public class LampuLalulintas {    public static void main(String[] args) {        // membuat variabel dan Scanner        String lampu;        Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);        // mengambil input        System.out.print("Inputkan nama warna: ");        lampu = scan.nextLine();        switch(lampu){            case "merah":                System.out.println("Lampu merah, berhenti!");                break;            case "kuning":                System.out.println("Lampu kuning, harap hati-hati!");                break;            case "hijau":                System.out.println("Lampu hijau, silahkan jalan!");                break;            default:                System.out.println("Warna lampu salah!");        }    } }

Hasil outputnya:

Eksperimen: Cobalah untuk menghilangkan break di salah satu case dan perhatikanlah hasilnya.

Percabangan dalam Percabangan (Nested)

Kita sudah tahu tiga bentuk dasar percabganan di Java. Selanjutnya, kita coba bahas percabangan yang ada di dalam perbangan (perabangan bersarang).

Sebenarnya pembahasan ini saya ingin pisahkan. Namun, baiknya digabungkan di sini aja.

Anggap saja pembahasan bonus .

Baiklah…

Jadi, percabangan itu bisa dibuat di dalam percabangan. Kadang teknik ini disebut juga nested if.

Contoh kasus:

Misalnya ada model bisinis seperti ini di sebuah toko. Ketika orang membayar di kasir, biasanya ditanya ada kartu member untuk mendapatkan diskon dan sebagainya.

Apakah anda punya kartu member?   - ya       * Apakah belanjaan anda lebih dari 500rb?           # ya : mendapatkan diskon 50rb           # tidak : tidak mendapatkan diskon       * Apakah belanjaan anda lebih dari 100rb?           # ya : mendapatkan diskon 15rb           # tidak: tidak mendapatkan diskon   - tidak       * Apakah belanjaan anda lebih dari 100rb?           # ya : mendapatkan diskon 10rb           # tidak: tidak mendapatkan diskon

Paham?

Kalau tidak, coba perhatikan flow chart-nya:

Masih belum paham?

Kalau begitu mari kita coba dalam program.

Silahkan buat class baru bernama Kasir dan ikuti kode program berikut ini.

import java.util.Scanner; public class Kasir {    public static void main(String[] args) {        // deklarasi variabel dan Scanner        int belanjaan, diskon, bayar;        String kartu;        Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);        // mengambil input        System.out.print("Apakah ada kartu member: ");        kartu = scan.nextLine();        System.out.print("Total belanjaan: ");        belanjaan = scan.nextInt();        // proses        if (kartu.equalsIgnoreCase("ya")) {            if (belanjaan > 500000) {                diskon = 50000;            } else if (belanjaan > 100000) {                diskon = 15000;            } else {                diskon = 0;            }        } else {            if (belanjaan > 100000) {                diskon = 5000;            } else {                diskon = 0;            }        }        // total yang harus dibayar        bayar = belanjaan - diskon;        // output        System.out.println("Total Bayar: Rp " + bayar);    }   }

Hasil outputnya:

Cobalah untuk mengubah nilai yang dimasukkan dan perhatikan hasilnya.

Mungkin di sana ada yang perlu diperhatikan:

Fungsi equalsIgnoreCase("ya") digunakan untuk membandingkan String dengan tidak memperdulikan huruf besar dan kecilnya.

Ada juga Fungsi equals(), fungsinya sama. Tapi equals() akan memperhatikan case hurufnya.

Kenapa tidak menggunakan operator == atau !=?

Di Java memang seperti itu.

Kalau kita ingin membandingkan nilai String, ya… menggunakan fungsi yang dua tadi.

Tapi, kalau membandingkan selain String, maka bisa pakai operator == atau !=.

Menggunakan Operator Logika dalam Percabangan

Operator logika dalam percabangan sebenarnya bisa membuat percabangan menjadi lebih singkat.

Misal ada program Tilang dengan logika seperti ini:

public class Tilang {    public static void main(String[] args) {        boolean SIM = false;        boolean STNK = true;        // cek apakah dia akan ditilang atau tidak        if(SIM == true){            if( STNK == true ) {                System.out.println("Tidak ditilang!");            }        } else {            System.out.println("Anda ditilang!");        }    } }

Perhatikan: di sana kita menggunakan percabangan bersarang untuk mengecek, apakah dia ditilang atau tidak.

Hal ini sebenarnya bisa disingkat dengan operator logika, sehingga menjadi seperti ini:

public class Tilang {    public static void main(String[] args) {        boolean SIM = false;        boolean STNK = true;        // cek apakah dia akan ditilang atau tidak        if(SIM == true && STNK == true){            System.out.println("Tidak ditilang!");        } else {            System.out.println("Anda ditilang!");        }    } }

Pada kode di atas, kita menggunakan operator AND (&&).

Karena logikanya: Si pengendara tidak akan ditilang kalau punya SIM dan STNK.

Apa Selanjutnya?

Kita sudah peljari beberapa macam bentuk percabagan dan pernak-perniknya, ringkasananya seperti ini:

Percabangan IF, hanya memiliki satu pilihan;

Percabangan IF/ELSE memiliki dua pilihan;

Percabangan dengan operator ternary adalah bentuk lain dari IF/ELSE;

Percabangan IF/ELSE/IF memiliki lebih dari dua pilihan;

Percabangan SWITCH/CASE adalah bentuk lain dari IF/ELSE/IF;

Percabangan bersarang adalah percabangan dalam Percabangan;

Penggunaan operator logika dalam percabangan bisa membuat percabangan menjadi lebih singkat.

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Running/testing a Java program

Introduction to Computer Programs

The Java Technology and Development Environment

Key Features of the Java Language

Creating a Java Main Class

Java Classes

The main Method

Data in the Cart

Introducing variables

Working with Strings

Working with numbers

Manipulating numeric data

Managing Multiple Items

Working with Conditions

Working with a List of Items

Processing a list of items

Describing Objects and Classes

Working with Object References

Introducing the Soccer League Use Case

Defining fields and methods

Doing more with Arrays

Introducing the NetBeans IDE

Declaring, Instantiating, and Initializing Objects

Working with objects and classes

Manipulating and Formatting the Data in Your Program

Using the StringBuilder Class

Using the Java API Docs

The remaining numeric operators

Promoting and casting variables

More about primitive data types

Using the String Class

Creating and Using Methods

How Arguments are Passed to a Method

Static methods and variables

Overloading a method

Using methods

Using Encapsulation

Access Control

Encapsulation

Overloading constructors

More on Conditionals

Using Switch Statements

More ways to use if/else constructs

Using the NetBeans Debugger

Relational and conditional operators

More on Arrays and Loops

Parsing the args Array

Two-dimensional Arrays

The ArrayList class

Nesting Loops

Alternate Looping Constructs

Working with Dates

Using Inheritance

Introducing polymorphism

Creating and extending abstract classes

Working with subclasses and superclasses

Overriding methods in the superclass

Overview of inheritance

Using Interfaces

Introducing Lambda expressions

Using Interfaces

Polymorphism in the JDK foundation classes

Using the List Interface

Handling Exceptions

Handling Exceptions: An overview

Propagation of exceptions

Catching and throwing exceptions

Handling multiple exceptions and errors

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BEATING THE OTHER ROAD AHEAD

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Nested if Statements in Java

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Overview of Nested if Statements in Java

Nested if Statement is one of the decisions making statements in Java that flows according to certain conditions. The branching of these conditions is a result of the program’s state change. That is, there will be an if-else condition inside another if-else. If, if-else, if-else-if, jump, switch-case, etc. are some of the other decision making…

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What is compiler / IDE

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Reference variables

Flowcharts

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Number System : Decimal , Binary , Octal , Hexadecimal

How is data Stored : 1’s complement and 2’s complement

Typecasting : Implicit and Explicit

Post and Pre

Scope of a variable

Conversion of Number System

What are Run Time Errors , Segmentation Fault , Compilation Error , Logical Error

Integer Overflow and Underflow

Wrap Around

Header Files

Global and local Variable

Call Stack

Range of Integers

Code Blocks IDE installation and familiarization

Debugging

Input-Output

Algorithms

Pointers

Requirements

Code::Blocks IDE (free)

Prepare to write thousands of lines of C++ code!

No previous experience with C++ or coding is required

Description

So, you’ve heard a lot about C++, but you don’t know how to get started?  This Udemy course is exactly what you need!

Well, I’m Harsh Kajla,  your instructor, and I’ve designed the C++ For Beginners : Step by Step and Practical just for you!

Choosing a course that’s perfect for you can be damn hard. You need Instructor:

Who are passionate about what they do

 Keep their courses continually updated

And most important, provide outstanding support and follow up to your questions

That’s what I do.

This is the most comprehensive, yet straight-forward, course for the C++ programming language on Udemy!

This course assumes no previous coding experience . It doesn’t matter if you have never written any programs or you have no idea about programming… After my course all of this will change. You will bust the myth that programming is a difficult thing!

A major focus is problem-solving skills, algorithms and strong fundamentals. Also, the focus of this course will be to make sure that you have done the substantial amount of coding by the end of it. You’ll be exposed from very easy to hard level of questions

After this course you will become smarter with your solutions and able to use the advanced components of the C++ language easily

Course is designed keeping in mind the requirements of beginners. Course starts with fundamentals of logic building and problem solving..

This course will enhance the problem solving skills of the students using C++. Course follow step-by-step approach to make students fall in love with programming and ignite their passion of coding with the help of problems ranging to easy to intermediate to expert level.

Moreover , I am using a pen tablet to write on the screen and provide even more visual explanations.

This course will teach you all the fundamentals you need. Trust me, you won’t need any other course to reach the intermediate/advanced level after this course.

With over 75+ lectures and more than 16+ hours of video this comprehensive course leaves no stone unturned!

You will learn how to program in C++ in a fast and easy way!  .This course will teach you C++ in a practical manner

As for the curriculum, curriculum is designed to make students proficient in programming .

You will learn theory and you will also gain lots of practice. During the course we will write many programs that will make you a great programmer.

I believe that when learning coding, it is best that you learn it while typing codes on your computer rather than just listening. This course exactly do that

I have made the course as friendly as possible. You don’t feel like you are listening to a professor but rather a friend with some funny jokes.

and we know friends are best teachers . 🙂

The course is continually updated and enhanced. This guarantees what you’re learning is relevant for you today and will never be obsolete..

I’ll personally answer all your questions

As if this course wasn’t complete enough, I offer full support, answering any questions  you have within 24 hours ,7 days a week (whereas many instructors answer just once per week, or not at all).

This means you’ll never find yourself stuck on one lesson for days on end. With my hand-holding guidance, you’ll progress smoothly through this course without any major roadblocks.

There’s no risk either!

This course comes with a full 30 day money-back guarantee. Meaning if you are not completely satisfied with the course or your progress, simply let me know and I’ll refund you 100%, every last penny no questions asked.

You either end up with learning C++, go on to develop great programs and potentially make an awesome career for yourself, or you try the course and simply get all your money back if you don’t like it…

You literally can’t lose.

  Many people think Coding can be mastered only by geniuses who have some supernatural intelligence levels but I must tell you, “You don’t need to be a genius to learn how to code. Only determination is required”

I strongly believe that with the right guidance and perfect determination, any student willing to learn programming can become a master of coding

Importantly, this course teach students the real-life skills needed to get those in-demand jobs or further your programming skills.

If you want to take ONE COURSE to master C++ take this course.

Ready to get started, ?

Enroll now using the “Buy Now” button on the right, . Or, take this course for a free spin using the preview feature, so you know you’re 100% certain this course is for you. See for yourself the great quality of my course and enjoy it!

So what are you waiting for? Learn C++ in a way that will advance your career and increase your knowledge, all in a fun and practical way!

See you on the inside (hurry, class is waiting!)

Click the Buy Now button and start learning now!

Who this course is for:

Beginners – if you’ve never coded before, you can learn C++ step by step

Programmers switching to C++ from some other language such as Java, Ruby or Python

Any undergraduate student having C++ programming in curriculum

If you have previous experience in C++ programming or with any other programming language then this course is going to make your foundation more strong

Created by Harsh Kajla Last updated 1/2019 English English [Auto-generated]

Size: 8.76 GB

   Download Now

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The post Learn C++ Programming from Beginner to Expert : 2018 appeared first on Free Course Lab.

[online-tutorials-blog]

Java For Everyone - Zero to Hero

http://bit.ly/2R3DAjG Description This course is for anyone who wants to make career in Java Development, Automation Testing, Android Development. In this course, we will focus on below topics in detail considering that you are non java developer. This course will give you lot of motivation as we have tried to put lot of examples of real word. Very unique way to explain Object Oriented Programming like A PIE concept. Basic Java Basic computing Why Java? Configuring Eclipse IDE for Java How to create new java project? How to create a new java class? Running java class Viewing the results of java program Learning Java Introduction to Java programming Data Types in Java Primitive Data types Wrapper Classes Declaring Variables Writing java program and running Conditional Statements If condition If else condition If else if condition (nested if) Switch case statement Examples for all the above conditions Loop Statements While loop Do while For loop For each loop Examples for all the above loops Array How to declare array How to store values in array? Reading values in array (1 D & 2 D) String class Object creation String pool  Memory management  Utility method  Difference b/w == and equals method  Difference b/w object creation using new and string literals OOPS Static, Static block Instance, Init block Constructor, chaining Abstraction Polymorphism Inheritance Encapsulation Package What is package? How to create a package? How to import package into a different class? Collection ArrayList LinkedList HashSet TreeSet LinkedHashSet HashMap LinkedHashMap TreeMap Exception Handling CompileTime exception RunTime exception Custom Exception Java Design Patterns Design Pattern Concepts Singleton Factory, Abstract Factory Debug Scripts in Eclipse Understanding Debug Using Breakpoints Verify the values during debug Using step over, step into Tips for using Eclipse efficiently So, don’t think much and get started. I have trained more that 5000 students/IT professionals and now they all can write code in java. Basic knowledge Basic computing knowledge is enough for this course. As I have designed this course considering that you don’t have programming knowledge. And after this course you will be able to write code without any issue. What will you learn Core concepts of Java including Variables, datatypes, operators, control statements, arrays, packages, classpath, user-input and debugging Object Oriented Programming concepts with read life examples String with memory mapping Exception handling Java collections Design patterns And also you will learn how to debug code in eclipse.

[felord]

CSE 110 - Assignment 3 Solved                 

Your programming assignments require individual work and effort to be of any benefit. Every student must work independently on his or her assignments. You must work alone on the assignments – no collaboration of any kind is permitted. You cannot use Google, StackOverflow, Chegg or any other on-line resources to look up for the solution. Sharing your assignments with others in any way is NOT permitted. Violations of the University Academic Integrity policy will not be ignored.   Violations of the University Academic Integrity policy will not be ignored.     The university academic integrity policy is found at https://provost.asu.edu/academic-integrity Important Note: All submitted assignments must begin with the descriptive comment block.  To avoid losing trivial points, make sure this comment header is included in every assignment you submit. /*------------------------------------------------------------------------- // AUTHOR: your name // FILENAME: title of the source file // SPECIFICATION: description of the program // Name of the TA for your weekly lab // FOR: CSE 110- homework #- days and time of your class // TIME SPENT: how long it took you to complete the assignment //----------------------------------------------------------------------*/ Reasonably good amount of comments should be added in your program so that it is easy

Part 1: Written Exercises: (4 pts)

Rewrite the following set of if statements using a nested if-else structure. if (score >= 90) grade = 'A'; if (score >= 80 && score < 90) grade = 'B'; if (score >= 70 && score < 80) grade = 'C'; if (score >= 60 && score < 70) grade = 'D'; if (score < 60) grade = 'F';   Rewrite the following nested if-else statement as an equivalent switch s if (letter == 'A' | | letter == 'a')    System.out.println("Excellent");  else if (letter == 'B' | | letter == 'b')    System.out.println("You can do better"); else if (letter == 'C' | | letter == 'c') System.out.println("Try harder");  else if (letter == 'D' | | letter == 'd') System.out.println("Try much harder"); else System.out.println("Try another major! ");

Part 2: Programming: (16 points)

Write a program called Assignment3 (saved in a file Assignment3 .java) that asks a user to enter two strings.   First, the program prompts:   Please enter a string.   The program should read in the string, and prompts:   Please enter another string.   The program reads in two strings and it prints a menu to the user. The program asks for user to enter an option and performs one of the following: Here are the options on the menu:   Option a: checks if the length of the two strings are the same. Option b: checks if two strings are same or different. Option c: checks which string is lexically larger, or if they are same Option d: prints out the first character (index 0) of each string Option e: prints out a new string consisting of the first string concatenated (appended) with the second string. Option f: prints out two strings using upper case letters. Option q: quit the program. Here is the sample output your program should produce when the user enters the strings shown in bold: Sample Output : (the user enters the string shown in bold) Please enter a string. apple Please enter another string. orange   Command Options ----------------------------------- a: find if the lengths of the strings are equal b: find if the two strings are the same c: find which string is lexically larger d: print the first character of each string e: concatenate the two strings f: print both strings in uppercase q: quit this program     Please enter an option or type? a   The lengths are not the same.   Please enter an option or type? b   The two strings are different.   Please enter an option or type? c   The second string is lexically larger.   Please enter an option or type? d   The first character of the first string is a The first character of the second string is o   Please enter an option or type? e   The concatenation of two strings is "appleorange"   Please enter an option or type? f   The first string using upper case letters: APPLE The second string using upper case letters: ORANGE   Please enter an option or type? b   The two strings are different.   Please enter an option or type? q Press any key to continue . . .   Requirements: make sure you are using a switch statement for the menu. In addition, your program should keep asking for input until user chooses to quit. Helpful hints for doing this assignment: work on it in steps – always make sure your code compiles before you add more code the options are called in any order Read the full article