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Will it be beneficial to study SDN if you are CCNA certified?

Will it be beneficial to study SDN if you are CCNA certified?

CCNA is the leading IT certification course provided by Cisco for those IT experts working in the networking field. Upon completion of this job, the IT professionals can easily demonstrate to their companies that they understand how to strengthen Cisco ideas into the networking field.

To comprehend the SDN, think about just two technical functions in the IT networking field. One is programming, and the other one is dealing with the entire networking gadgets physically. So the SDN relates to the programming skills, which make it possible for any specific to interact with the Cisco devices. It is helpful to study SDN if any individual is in the networking field, regardless of whether he holds any Cisco certification.

SDN represents Software Defined Network, and besides Cisco, many other suppliers have likewise begun releasing this software-based integration to streamline their production efficiency and communicating with them rapidly. This automation is still in progress, which implies understanding SDN can be a plus for any CCNA. It would always be better to get certified in any higher-level IT certification course provided by Cisco.

They can then use these higher-level Cisco IT certs to get promoted to higher-level ranks and earn more money. In brief, many arguments support both two theories of getting licensed with one additional Cisco technical certification to discover SDN.

The reason behind the SDN popularity increase is also because of some restrictions to traditional networking. Traditional networking utilizes a distributed model where procedures like ARP, EIGRP, STP, and so on can be run independently on every network device, making these networking gadgets independent of interacting without any primary device having control over the whole network. Utilizing an SDN controller, the entire network can be managed and monitored according to the vendor’s requirement.

The SDN and CCNA, when combined with the skills of any IT professional working in the networking field, can be helpful to the individual, so it will be a great concept initially to get CCNA certified — going through the SDN and taking the abilities to the next level by getting other Cisco IT accreditations, which unquestionably requires some real difficult work and preparation and correct planning.

The individuals will need to stick with an excellent plan to plan for their whole career lead through all the Cisco IT accreditation courses. Cisco Exam disposes of can be used as an extra supplement in learning and quickly acquiring the abilities while practicing PASSHOT Cisco practice tests. These tests dispose and practice tests can be readily available all over the web.

The Cisco certified trainers are already preparing the PASSHOT Cisco practice tests, and practicing them guarantees to pass any of the Cisco exams in the first attempt.

Therefore, concluding to the end, it is easy to ascertain that the IT experts can enhance their abilities utilizing IT certification courses, which have now ended up being obligatory for these people to showcase their talent by becoming accredited from worldwide reputed technology giants like Cisco, Google, Amazon, RedHat, and so on. Those who choose to become certified get picked by the employers over their non-IT certified peers.

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PASSHOThas the most professional teachers and updated the latest question bank every day. Then, these professional teachers answer the questions patiently. Since our learning materials are very accurate that at least one CCIE will be produced at the PASSHOTevery day.

CISCO CCIE WRITTEN DUMPS

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Why SD-WAN is better choice than MPLS in 2021

Why SD-WAN is better choice than MPLS in 2021

Thinking about both of the above technologies in mind, we have to through each of them, including their advantages and shortcoming; we can easily choose which of them can be the best choice in 2020. Before taking a glimpse at both of them, SD-WAN is the innovation that has reinvented the IT networking market. SD-WAN has enabled companies to acquire better control over their networking gadgets utilizing a software-defined solution.

Formerly, the standard networks do not enable organizations to have more control over the gadgets since each of the networking devices, including routers and switches, has its own EIGRP, STP, ARP, etc. This indicates that they can be independently communicated; however, utilizing a software-defined technology, they can be more scalable and efficient at the same time.

Cisco SD-WAN solutions provide a cloud-based networking architect that can be handled quickly using Cisco’s vManage software application. This SD-WAN option can be monitored on a real-time basis.

On the other hand, MPLS is a multiprotocol label switching typically used to transfer crucial details over the internet utilizing dedicated links leased by Internet Service Providers (ISPs). When utilizing MPLS, the packets’ story is tagged with their particular labels permits the router to process them without doing thorough package analysis. Multiprotocol label switching circuits are likewise an ubiquitous yet crucial part of lots of services’ IT facilities.

These MPLS have extremely steep bandwidth expenses because they are much pricey than the essential broadband connections and priced per bandwidth basis. The banks mainly use them for their ATM services. MPLS have their advantages and some disadvantages, and cost issues are among the top of such impediments. Numerous companies have accepted using SD-WAN options besides their traditional networking options. This may not be as much affordable for them now. Still, in the future, they can quickly discover SD-WAN options cheaply when they switch utilizing hybrid options, i.e., running both SD-WAN and traditional networks parallel.

In short, the SD-WAN innovation will be a more cost-effective, highly trusted, and scalable technology that will replace the traditional networking options in the future. Cisco and its other rivals have been offering such SD-WAN options to their vendors. However, it is tough to count on other than Cisco as if the service provided by Cisco’s competitor is software-defined or not.

Cisco is the pioneer in the network options market, making it an innovation giant that also provides IT experts certifications for enhancing their skills. These accreditations are challenging since they are developed to examine the person’s technical knowledge thoroughly. Those who want to take these accreditation tests need to prepare before appearing in this exam. The individuals have to prove their abilities in the examination before getting these abilities validated by Cisco.

There are many methods where the individuals can prepare for their upcoming tests, and the resources like Cisco examination discards and the PASSHOT Cisco practice tests can be a simple alternative for supplementing the brain.

They also include related info about the SD-WAN and MPLS and concluding the topic. Both SD-WAN and MPLS have their applications; however, the SD-WAN up until now can be the much better choice to be selected in 2021.PASS HOT

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What are the curricula in the brand-new CCNA?

What are the curricula in the brand-new CCNA?

You could use the CCNA syllabus to help the prospects choose whether you want to attempt this certification. The CCNA 200–301 course syllabus would offer you a great idea of what you would need to discover to end up being accredited.

IP Data Networks

The course would include information on how information networks work and how the network’s gadgets would work. It would be covering what TCP/IP models are and how information flows within the information network.

LAN Switching

It would likewise teach you the basics about working with switches work and running switches within a network. It would likewise teach you about verifying your networks using telnet, ping, and SSH and setting up and verifying switch operations.

IP Addressing

Courses covering this part of the syllabus are required to teach you about the requirement for IPv4 and IPv6. They ought to teach you the significant difference between personal and public IP addresses for IPv4. When you would have completed, you are required to describe what proper address plans would be for both IPv4 and IPv6, and you need to be able to discuss the running of IPv4 and IPv6 concurrently. You must also have the ability to define and explain the technologies required to run IPv4 and IPv6 together.

IP Routing

IP routing must be covering the essentials of what a router is in addition to basic routing ideas. It needs to teach you about the process of booting a Cisco router, how to set up a router using the command line process and validating your serial and Ethernet interfaces.

IP Services

A course in IP Services that would be preparing you for the CCNA accreditation test need to teach you what DHCP is and about verifying DHCP on your Cisco router. It needs to explain what ACL is and what would be the functions and applications of type of ACL would be. It needs to also teach and explain to you the critical operation of NAT and the setup of NAT.

Network Security

A course in network security needs to teach you about Network Security. You also need to be proficient in the configuration of other networking gadget security functions.

Troubleshooting

The CCNA accreditation examination might concern various troubleshooting problems, so a CCNA certification course should consist of details about repairing numerous networking problems. It would help if you needed to learn to troubleshoot fundamental router operations. It would help if you discovered how to monitor data and how to make use of NetFlow.

Now that you have obtained the knowledge about what you would have in your CCNA Exam, you must be looking forward to getting in-depth knowledge concerning the same and acquire this certification. If so, you ought to check out the PASSHOT CCNA Braindump to attain success in your first attempt.

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Newest CCNP Security Salary & Job Description in 2021

Newest CCNP Security Salary & Job Description in 2021

Software and networking would be ending up being increasingly more interconnected day by day, developing an even higher requirement for scalable, robust security throughout all platforms, from networks to mobile phones.

With intent-based networking, security groups would benefit from automation for scaling their security solutions. For taking advantage of these opportunities, today’s security professionals would need a broader series of abilities and a more in-depth focus in strategic innovation locations.

The CCNP Security accreditation program would be able to provide you precisely that breadth and depth. Also, you would need to enlist yourself in excellent and reputable training courses like such used by the PASSHOT for getting this certification.

Cisco would have created the CCNP Security certification to help the prospects prove their skills in the ever-changing landscape of security technologies. The certificate would be covering core technologies as well as a security focus location of your option.

Advantages

· Showing the world you know your things by getting a high-value accreditation

· Customizing your accreditation to your technical focus.

· Positioning yourself to achieve improvement in the busy world of security innovations.

· Adding security automation skills to your locations of proficiency.

· Earning a Specialist accreditation for clearing any CCNP examination — core or concentration.

· Qualifying for the CCIE Security lab exam by clearing the CCNP core exam.

· Linking that CCNP accreditation badge to all your social media profiles would provide you the recognition.

Earning your CCNP Security accreditation

The CCNP Security accreditation program would be preparing you for today’s professional-level job roles in security technologies. One of the industry’s most appreciated certifications, CCNP, would verify the core understanding you require while offering the versatility to choose a focus location.

For making CCNP Security, you would require to clear two exams: a core examination and a concentration exam of your choice.

The core examination, otherwise known as Implementing and Operating Cisco Security Core Technologies v1.0 with examination code 350–701 SCOR, would be concentrating on your understanding of security facilities which would be consisting of network security, content security, exposure, cloud security, endpoint detection, and protection, safe network gain access to, and enforcement.

· The core examination is likewise considered the exam through which you could even get approved for CCIE Security accreditation.

Concentration examinations would be concentrating on emerging and industry-specific subjects like the Cisco Firepower, e-mail security, identity services, web security, VPNs, and automation. You would have the ability to prepare for concentration exams by taking matching Cisco training courses.

You could select your CCNP Security concentration exam from these options:

· Automating and Programming Cisco Security Solutions

· Implementing and Configuring Cisco Identity Services Engine

· Implementing Secure Solutions with Virtual Private Networks

· Securing Email with Cisco Email Security Appliance

· Securing Networks with Cisco Firepower

· Securing the online with Cisco Web Security Appliance

Salary and Job Opportunities:

The CCNP Security certification and training program would provide real-world, job-focused abilities in essential locations. CCNP Security would be verifying the understanding which you require to master your job. If we speak about the salary, the CCNP Security expert salary would be ranging from around $87,915 per year for the post of Network Engineer to $109,474 per annum for the Network Security Engineer position.

Hence, if you wish to get your profession in Informational Security, you ought to obtain the CCNP Security Certification. For that, you will require proper and reliable training and research study discards providers like the PASSHOT.

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How to prevent IPv6 VPN breakthrough?

Today I will tell you how to prevent IPv6 VPN breakthroughs.

Without a properly configured remote access VPN, IPv6 traffic from remote devices may escape corporate security controls.

This vulnerability occurs because some of these remote access VPNs are configured to inspect and apply security controls only to IPv4 traffic as it passes through the VPN concentrator, without enabling similar protection for IPv6 traffic.

This allows IPv6 traffic to access the Internet directly without the need to apply these controls. This problem is known as the IPv6 VPN breakthrough and is well known, but often overlooked.

Why Ignore IPv6 VPN Breakthrough

Many businesses don't know how often IPv6 is used on devices that access their network through a VPN. Phones, tablets and laptops used to remotely access corporate networks typically support IPv6, and broadband and cellular services may also support IPv6 for Internet access.

As a result, companies generally do not consider IPv6 as a security factor. They configured their VPN to inspect only IPv4 traffic, which allowed mobile devices to freely access IPv6 sites, which could pose a danger to business networks, devices, and data.

The way IPv4 protection works is that once a VPN is established, the VPN concentrator checks the traffic bound to the Internet and blocks the traffic bound to the destination determined by the policies configured by the enterprise.

The figure above shows a typical corporate VPN user laptop with an IPv4 VPN tunnel established only back to the perimeter of the corporate Internet. The red line indicates IPv4 traffic that is targeted by the enterprise to apply traffic inspection and security controls to Internet-bound traffic. All IPv4 traffic must pass through the VPN tunnel and cannot directly access the Internet, but IPv6 traffic indicated by the blue line is OK.

Most corporate VPNs enforce so-called non-split tunnels to enforce security by forcing all IPv4 connections to traverse the VPN. Without a split tunnel, once a VPN connection is established, the remote device cannot establish a separate connection to the entire Internet.

Usually, this is done by advertising the IPv4 default route (0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0) to the VPN client over the VPN tunnel. The IPv4 default route is inserted into the routing table of the VPN client and is represented by a red field on the laptop screen in Figure 1. Therefore, when end users run a VPN, all their connection attempts to IPv4 websites are checked through the company's intranet hairpin.

The security problem is that companies usually do not apply the no split-tunneling setting on the VPN to include the IPv6 default route, which is also in the VPN client routing table (:: / 0), which is indicated by the blue field in the figure. Laptop screen. This allows IPv6 traffic to access the Internet directly, bypassing any company's Internet perimeter security measures.

Enterprises should face the fact that they already have IPv6-enabled devices on their networks and mobile employees, so they should take a proactive approach to eliminate this security breach.

How to prevent IPv6 VPN breakthrough

The recommended way to produce the best results is to control the situation by enabling IPv6 across the VPN and the company. Businesses should start enabling IPv6 connections around their Internet perimeter and then establish IPv6 connections with VPNs. Modern enterprise perimeter firewalls and their VPN software are already capable of using IPv6, just enable and configure it. In this case, the traffic looks like the figure below.

This is the recommended IPv6-enabled VPN architecture, where VPN clients use both IPv4 and IPv6 network connections. It has both IPv4 and IPv6 routing tables, and each of their default routes directs Internet traffic to the VPN tunnel.

This allows the company's Internet peripheral systems to check both protocols and apply security protections equally, preventing IPv6 VPN breakthroughs.

The second option is to use a VPN client, which prevents IPv6 leaks on its own. For example, Cisco AnyConnect clients paired with Cisco's ASA security appliance can control how split tunneling is configured on IPv6-enabled clients.

Similarly, Palo Alto Networks GlobalProtect VPN and Fortinet SSL VPN FortiClient also support IPv6. Just enable IPv6 and control it through a VPN policy.

Unfortunately, the approach taken by some organizations is to break IPv6 connections while establishing a VPN tunnel. In this case, the VPN server advertises the IPv6 default route (:: / 0) to the routing table of the VPN client to direct all IPv6 connections through the VPN tunnel.

However, when the VPN and the company's internal network use only IPv4, all IPv6 connections will be dropped. If an enterprise does not have an IPv6 connection to the VPN, the enterprise should not advertise this IPv6 default route, as this will cause application connectivity issues for all VPN clients that try to access applications using IPv6.

Users who need to access an IPv6-enabled site will initially experience a failed connection and then be delayed due to client fallback to IPv4.

The third option is to register the Domain Name System (DNS) to prevent IPv6 VPN breakthroughs. In this case, VPNs that only retain IPv4 will remain in place, but all DNS address resolution will be forced along the tunnel. IPv6 DNS queries will be suppressed, but IPv4 queries will succeed.

By making certain IPv6-enabled applications perform poorly in IPv6 DNS resolution and connection attempt timeouts, and fallback to IPv4, this can have an adverse effect. This also makes troubleshooting application issues more difficult as IT administrators need to find applications that may be using IPv4 and / or IPv6 and try to separate the issue from DNS, connectivity, VPN policies and VPN client configuration.

The longer an enterprise waits to build an IPv6-enabled enterprise remote access VPN, the more serious the problem of IPv6 VPN breakthroughs. End-user devices will increasingly use IPv6, and less and less IPv4 traffic will be returned through corporate VPNs. Businesses should be aware of the breakthrough issues of IPv6 VPNs and work hard to take steps to enable IPv6 on their Internet borders and remote access VPNs.

The above is the news sharing from the PASSHOT. I hope it can be inspired you. If you think today' s content is not too bad, you are welcome to share it with other friends. There are more latest CCNA 200-301 dumps and CCIE Written dumps waiting for you.

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CCNA Classroom Streamlined Notes (2)  ccie rs practice labs

Telnet *.*.*.* The device to be telnet needs to set the password of line vty. If you need to enter privileged mode, you need to configure it.

Enable password

Show users (check "Who" is logged in locally)

Show sessions (view "I" telnet outgoing session)

Clear line * (forced interrupt "telnet to local" session)

Disconnect * (forced interrupt "telnet out" session)

=========================================================== ===============

Show flash: (view the IOS file in flash)

Copy running-config tftp: (copy running-config to the tftp service)

Copy tftp: running-config

Copy startup-config tftp:

Copy tftp: startup-config

Copy flash: tftp:

Copy tftp: flash:

Copy flash: tftp://1.1.1.1/c2500-ik8os-l.122-31.bin

=========================================================== ===============

Switch function:

1. Address Learning Address learing

2. Forward/Filter Decision Forward/Filter Decision

3. Loop avoidance Loop avoidance

=========================================================== ===============

Three forwarding modes of the switch:

1. Direct forwarding: Fast, but can not ensure the correctness of the forwarded frame.

2. Storage forwarding: Slow speed, to ensure the correctness of the frame being forwarded.

3. Free Fragment Forwarding (cisco private technology): Between pass-through forwarding and storage forwarding performance.

Store and forward, the FCS of the recalculated frame is compared with the original FCS of the frame to determine whether to forward or discard.

Free fragment forwarding, detecting only the first 64 bytes of the frame, judging the integrity of the frame.

The free-shard forwarding mechanism can only be implemented on CISCO devices. CISCO 1900 series switches use free shard forwarding to forward this forwarding method by default.

=========================================================== =====================

Address learning, forwarding filtering, etc. of the switch:

1. The switch will first cache the frame source address.

2. When the destination address is unknown, the switch will flood the data frame (when the target address is known, the frame will not be flooded)

3. For broadcast frames and multicast data frames, the switch forwards by default.

4. If the source address and destination address of the data frame are from the same port, the switch will discard the data frame by default.

=========================================================== =====================

Show ip route (view current routing table)

(Configure static route):

Ip route (Destnation Network IP) (NetMask) [NextHopIP | LocalInterface]

Destnation Network IP: Target Network IP

NetMask: Target Network Subnet Mask

NextHopIP: Next Hop IP

LocalInterface: local interface

1.0.0.0 2.0.0.0 3.0.0.0 4.0.0.0 ----- s1 RA s0 >-------- s1 RB s0 --------- s1 RC s0 ------ 1 1 2 1 2 1

RA:

Ip route 4.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 2.0.0.2

Ip route 4.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 s0

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Autonomous system:

IGPs: Internal Gateway Routing Protocol, which maintains routes within an autonomous system

RIPv1, RIPv2, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF, ISIS

EGPs: External Gateway Routing Protocol, Maintaining Routes between Autonomous Systems

BGP

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Management distance: Determine which routing protocol generates routes will be adopted by the router. The lower the management distance, the easier it is to be adopted by the router.

=========================================================== ================

Select the metric for the route:

RIP: is the hop count as the metric for selecting the best route. It will incorrectly choose the second best route.

IGRP: based on bandwidth, delay, reliability, load, MTU (maximum transmission unit)

=========================================================== ================

Distance vector routing protocol:

1. The content of the notice: a copy of the routing table (copy)

2. Announcement time: Periodic

3. The object of the announcement: the directly connected neighbor router

4. Ways of notification: Broadcast (RIPv1, IGRP)

Rule mechanism: 1. Define the maximum number 2. Horizontal separation 3. Route poisoning, toxicity reversal 4. Silence timer 5. Trigger update

=========================================================== ================

Rip : Router information protocol

Rip V1 uses broadcast announcement broadcast address: 255.255.255.255

1. Using hop count as a measure

2. Supports up to 6 paths of equal load (default set to 4)

3. Periodic announcement time: 30s Router rip (select rip as routing protocol)

Network *.*.*.* (announcement interface)

Announcement interface:

1. Add this interface to the rip process

2. Advertise the network of this interface to other routers

Show ip protocols (View RIP related information)

Rip management distance: 120

Debug ip rip (debug RIP routing)

Clear ip route * (clear route table)

=========================================================== ================

Rip Version 2 :

Ripv2 uses multicast mode to advertise the network, multicast address: 224.0.0.9

Router rip

Version 2 (configure rip version to version 2 )

No auto-summary (turn off automatic summarization)

Ripv2 certification:

A(config)#key chain A (configure keychain A)

A(config-keychain)#key 1 (configuration key 1)

A(config-keychain-key)#key-string cisco (definition password)

A(config-keychain-key)#exit

A(config-keychain)#exit A(config)#inte s 1 (Enter the interface of s 1 )

A(config-if)#ip rip authentication key-chain A (choose A's keychain)

A(config-if)#ip rip authentication mode md5 (cipher text authentication)

=========================================================== ===============

RIP supplement:

Passive-interface

Neighbor

If both neighbor and passive-interface are configured, then neighbor is not subject to passive-interface restrictions.

=========================================================== ===============

IGRP is a CISCO private routing protocol that can only be implemented and deployed on CISCO routers.

IGRP uses composite metrics to select the best route.

1. Bandwidth 2. Delay 3. Reliability 4. Load 5. MTU

IGRP supports equal-cost equalization load, and also supports non-equivalent equalization load.

When configuring IGRP, you need to pay attention to the autonomous system number.

Routers in the same autonomous system are able to learn to advertise related routes to each other.

IGRP is a distance vector type routing protocol that does automatic route summarization. There is no way to turn off this feature.

IGRP uses a 24-bit metric.

=========================================================== ===============

IGRP configuration

Router igrp

Network

Debug ip igrp events (Debug igrp related events)

Debug ip igrp transactions (Debug event content of igrp)

=========================================================== ===============

Link state type routing protocol:

1. Content of the announcement: Incremental update (OSPF lsa)

2. Announcement time: Trigger

3. The object of the announcement: has a neighbor relationship router

4. Ways of notification: Unicast & Multicast

=========================================================== ===============

EIGRP

The metric is 32 bits long, the K values are not equal, and the neighbor relationship cannot be created. The AS autonomous system is different and cannot create neighbor relationships. At a rate higher than T1, hello packets are sent every 5 seconds, at a rate lower than T1. On the other hand, hello packet will be sent every 60s.

EIGRP external routing management distance: 170

EIGRP internal routing management distance: 90

Show ip eigrp neighbors (view EIGRP's neighbors)

Show ip eigrp topology (view EIGRP's topology database)

Show ip route eigrp (See all EIGRP best routes (stored in the routing table))

EIGRP uses a wildcard mask configuration example:

Router eigrp 100

Network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.3

Network 192.168.1.4 0.0.0.3

Debug ip eigrp neighbor (debug neighbor creation process)

Debug ip eigrp notifications

=========================================================== ===============

OSPF open protocol is also a link state routing protocol.

OSPF uses IP packets for route advertisement and learning, Protocol Number : 89

OSPF only supports IP network environments and only supports equivalent load balancing.

=========================================================== ===============

Link State Routing Protocols

Need to create a neighbor relationship. Use multicast to route notifications (reliable).

Have a link state database (network map)

Use the appropriate algorithm, such as (SPF) to calculate the best route trigger update

=========================================================== ===============

The structure of OSPF:

1. Neighbor table => All neighbors

2. Topology table => Network map

3. Routing Table => Best Route

=========================================================== ==============

The process of OSPF creating neighbors:

1.Down

2.Init

3.Two-Way

4.ExStart

5.ExChange

6.Loading

7.Full

=========================================================== ===============

OSPF hierarchy benefits:

1. Reduce the routing table size

2. Speed up convergence

3. Limit the spread of LSA

4. Improve stability

=========================================================== ===============

OSPF area: 1. Transmission area (backbone area) 2. Common area (non-backbone area)

=========================================================== ===============

The higher the RouteID, the easier it becomes to become a DR (Designated Router designated router)

How is the RouterID generated?

1. If the router has a loopback interface, select the highest IP from the loopback interface as the router ID.

2. If the router does not store loopback, select the highest IP from the physical interface as the RouterID (the interface must be active)

=========================================================== ===============

10.1.1.0/0.0.0.255

10.1.1.0/255.255.255.0

10.1.1.1/255.255.255.255

10.1.1.1/0.0.0.0

Router ospf 1

Network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

OSPF notification learning that does not affect the process number

=========================================================== ===================

Show ip ospf neighbor (view neighbor (NeighborID is RouterID))

Show ip ospf interface serial 1 (View the router ID and OSPF process number and associated network type.)

Show ip protocols

Show ip route

Recommend PASSHOT for everyone, this is a website with a lot of articles about Cisco technology, and if you want to test Cisco CCIE Written examor Cisco CCIE LAB exam, you can consult here, you can guarantee 100% pass the exam.

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Big News! Goodbye CCIE Routing and Switching, Hello CCIE Enterprise Infrastructu

In the early hours of this morning, the Cisco Symposium was held in the United States which it was announced that a new certification system would be released on 24th February,2020. The current certification deadline was on 23rd February,2020! Existing certifications are still valid but if certified after on 24th February new certifications and related certificates will be obtained.

CCNA changes：

The original CCNA of the 9 major directions merged. Only one test was unified that the test code 200-301

CCNP changes:

The original CCNP RS and CCNP Wireless directions merge into CCNP Enterprise direction

The CCNP exam format change that originally required 3-5 written tests to pass. The next generation of CCNP certification can only be obtained through 2 exams. That must take a core exam and plus an optional exam.

Next generation CCNP can be directly tested without first having CCNA certification.

Enterprise Infrastructure (formerly R&S) and Enterprise Wireless (formerly Wireless) test the same IE written test NP written test and IE written test is the same test, take down NP/IE written test can choose to directly obtain LAB to become CCIE or refer to an optional exam to become CCNP and can be test more flexible

LAB Exam module changed from three modules of TS+DIAG+Configuration to Design+deploy,operate and Optimize two modules

The re-authentication form is changed to require 120 credits to be activated. It is similar to the test NP certification that only one core exam and one optional exam can be completed

The next generation of CCIE is still valid for 3 years but can be activated for more than 3 years with the option of a rework test without the need to re-test LAB activation

Ten years of honor CCIE changed to 20 years of honor CCIE

The above is the content of today's Cisco Seminar. 6 years of precipitation in exchange for the next generation of network system changes

Overall

Cisco's transformation heralds a more systematic and diverse certification of the next generation of network engineer talent, advocating a special (core exam) multi-precision (optional exam) that allows you to choose the direction and content of your studies flexibly according to your interests or business needs.

At the same time, there are automation and development involved in each direction so that the original relatively simple implementation of delivery engineers have the opportunity to move to a higher level of design and development!

New changes have brought new challenges ,new opportunities, actively embraced the new era, and are the best of our generation of network engineers.

Today, PASSHOT open the next generation of Cisco Curriculum system reform, adhering to the consistent attitude towards the students. It will bring you a more efficient curriculum system and more grounded professional teaching. Please wait and see.

Finally, what do you thinking about? If you missed this time, it is difficult to have exam in the future. Buy CCIE Written exam course and CCIE Lab exam course that you will have a biggest discount! We will help our pass the CCIE exam!

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The difference between FTP, SFTP, FTPS  ccie lab download

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First, FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

 The full name of FTP is File Transfer Protocol. Used for bidirectional transfer of control files on the Internet. At the same time, it is also an application. There are different FTP applications based on different operating systems, and all of these applications follow the same protocol to transfer files. In the use of FTP, users often encounter two concepts: "Download" and "Upload". A "download" file is a copy of a file from a remote host to its own computer; an "upload" file is a copy of the file from its own computer to a remote host. In the Internet language, users can upload (download) files to (from) a remote host through a client program. In the TCP/IP protocol, the FTP standard command TCP port number is 21, and the port mode data port is 20. The FTP task is to transfer files from one computer to another without being restricted by the operating system.

There are two ways to transfer FTP: ASCII, binary.

1.ASCII transmission method

 Assume that the file being copied by the user contains simple ASCII text. If it is not UNIX running on a remote machine, ftp usually automatically adjusts the contents of the file when the file is transferred in order to interpret the file as another computer to store the text file. format.

 However, it is often the case that the files that the user is transferring contain not text files, they may be programs, databases, word processing files or compressed files. Use the binary command to tell ftp a verbatim copy before copying any non-text files.

2. Binary transfer mode

 In binary transfer, the bit order of the file is saved so that the original and the copy are bit by bit. Even if the file containing the bit sequence on the destination machine is meaningless. For example, Macintosh sends the executable file to the Windows system in binary mode. On the other system, this file cannot be executed.

 If you transfer binary files in ASCII mode, they will still be translated even if they are not needed. This will corrupt the data. (The ASCII mode generally assumes that the first significant digit of each character is meaningless because the ASCII character combination does not use it. If you transfer binary files, all bits are important.)

FTP supports two modes: Standard (PORT mode, active mode), Passive (PASV, passive mode).

1.Port mode

 The FTP client first establishes a connection with the server's TCP port 21 to send commands. The client sends a PORT command on this channel when it needs to receive data. The PORT command contains what port the client uses to receive data. When transmitting data, the server sends data through the TCP port of its own connection to the designated port of the client. The FTP server must establish a new connection with the client to transfer data.

2.Passive mode

 The establishment of the control channel is similar to the Standard mode, but the Pasv command is sent after the connection is established. After receiving the Pasv command, the server opens a temporary port (port number greater than 1023 is less than 65535) and notifies the client of the request to transmit data on this port. The client connects to the FTP server and the FTP server will transmit data through this port.

 Many firewalls are not allowed to accept externally initiated connections when they are set up. Therefore, many FTP servers behind the firewall or intranet do not support PASV mode because the client cannot open the high-end port of the FTP server through the firewall. The client of the network cannot log in to the FTP server in PORT mode because the TCP 20 from the server cannot establish a new connection with the client on the internal network, resulting in inoperability.

Second, FTPS (a multi-transport protocol)

 A multi-transport protocol, equivalent to an encrypted version of FTP. The default port number is 21. When you send and receive files on an FTP server, you face two risks. The first risk is encrypting files as they are uploaded. The second risk is that these files will stay on the FTP server while you wait for the recipient to download, then how do you keep these files secure? Your second choice (creating an SSL-enabled FTP server) will allow your host to upload these files using an FTPS connection. This includes using an SSL layer encryption control and data channel under the FTP protocol. One alternative to FTPS is the Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP). This protocol uses an SSH file transfer protocol to encrypt FTP connections from the client to the server. SSL (Secure Sockets Layer), and its successor, Transport Layer Security (TLS), is a security protocol that provides security and data integrity for network communications. TLS and SSL encrypt the network connection at the transport layer.

 FTPS is an enhanced FTP protocol that uses standard FTP protocols and commands at the Secure Sockets Layer to add SSL security to the FTP protocol and data channels. FTPS is also called "FTP-SSL" and "FTP-over-SSL". SSL is a protocol that encrypts and decrypts data in a secure connection between a client and an SSL-enabled server.

 Similar to the sftp connection method, you can use FileZilla and other transfer software to connect to FTPS for uploading, downloading files, creating and deleting directories. In the case of FileZilla connection, there are explicit and implicit TLS/SSL connections. There are also fingerprint tips.

The SSL/TLS protocol works on top of the transport layer (TCP/IP) but below the application layer. Therefore, it can be easily implemented on application layer protocols such as HTTP, Telnet, POP3, IMAP4, SMTP and FTP. There are at least two different initialization methods for SSL security extensions: explicit security and implicit security.

1) Display security: In order to establish an SSL connection, explicit security requires the FTP client to send a specific command to the FTP server after establishing a connection with the FTP server. The client uses the server's default port.

2) Implicit security: When an FTP client connects to an FTP server, implicit security will automatically start running with the SSL connection. In implicit security, the server defines a specific port (TCP port 990) for the client to establish a secure connection with.

Third, SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol)

 Sftp is an abbreviation of Secure File Transfer Protocol, a secure file transfer protocol. A secure encryption method can be provided for transferring files. Sftp has almost the same syntax and functionality as ftp. SFTP is part of SSH and is a secure way to transfer files to the Blogger server. In fact, the SSH package already contains a secure file transfer subsystem called SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol). SFTP itself does not have a separate daemon. It must be done using the sshd daemon (the port number is 22 by default). The corresponding connection operation, so in a sense, SFTP is not like a server program, but more like a client program. SFTP also uses encrypted transmission of authentication information and transmitted data, so using SFTP is very secure. However, since this transmission method uses encryption/decryption technology, the transmission efficiency is much lower than that of ordinary FTP. If you have higher requirements for network security, you can use SFTP instead of FTP.

(This is what I found in a website that collects many CCIE routing and switching, security, big data, etc., and strongly recommend everyone to visit)

[passhotdumps]

cisco security practice exam CCIE Security exam upgraded

More Cisco technical articles are available at PASSHOT, which not only allows you to learn Cisco work skills but also helps you pass various CISCO exams, such as CCIE WRITTEN EXAM and CCIE LAB EXAM!

Note that this announcement from Cisco is sort of a “pre-announcement” in that the official CCIE Security 4.0 change hasn’t been announced but will be really soon. This

means if you want to take the v3 Security lab you should book your date

ASAP

From Cisco.com: http://www.cisco.com/cisco/web/solutions/small_business/resource_center/articles/be_more_productive/how_to_become_an_it_security_expert/index.html

The Real Life of an Expert: Introducing the New CCIE Security

CCIE Security 4.0 is unusual among security certificates for its

up-to-date, real-world content. It emphasizes security competency and

efficient problem solving in networks that use cloud services, carry

voice and ** traffic, and are accessed by a variety of wireless devices.

The content, currently in development, may include real-world applications that involve:

Securing both wireless and wired networks, including managing security policy by device and service

Extending application awareness to security devices, moving security up

to Layer 7 from the stateless packets of Layers 3 and 4, and applying

policy on a per-identity basis

Applying security policy in a network that has voice and video traffic

  Securing networks that use managed services, dual ISPs, IPv6, or IP multicast

  Cisco will soon announce the blueprints for the

CCIE Security 4.0 written and lab exams; the first exam will take place

approximately six months later.

            Module 1: Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance Essentials

         Lesson 1: Evaluating Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance Technologies

           Firewalls and Security Domains

           Firewall Technologies

           Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance Features

         Lesson 2: Identifying Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance Families

           Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance Hardware

           Cisco ASA Appliance SSMs

         Lesson 3: Identifying Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance Licensing Options

           Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance Licensing Options

           Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance Licensing Requirements

     Module 2: Basic Connectivity and Device Management

         Lesson 1: Preparing the Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance for Network Integration

           Managing the Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance Boot Process

           Managing the Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance Using the CLI

           Managing the Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance Using Cisco ASDM

           Navigating Basic Cisco ASDM Features

           Managing the Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance Basic Upgrade

         Lesson 2: Managing Basic Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance Network Settings

           Managing Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance Security Levels

           Configuring and Verifying Basic Connectivity Parameters

           Configuring and Verifying Interface VLANs

           Configuring a Default Route

           Configuring and Verifying the Cisco ASA Security Appliance DHCP Server

           Troubleshooting Basic Connectivity

         Lesson 3: Configuring Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance Device Management Features

           Configuring and Verifying Basic Device Management Settings

           File System Management Overview

           Managing Cisco ASA Software and Feature Activation

           Configuring and Verifying Time Settings

           Configuring and Verifying Event and Session Logging

           Configuring and Verifying Remote Management Channels

           Configuring and Verifying AAA for Management Access

           Troubleshooting AAA for Management Access

     Module 3: Network Integration

         Lesson 1: Configuring Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance NAT Features

           NAT on Cisco ASA Software Version 8.2 and Earlier

           NAT on Cisco ASA Software Version 8.3 and Later

           Configuring Object (Auto) NAT

           Configuring Manual NAT

           Tuning and Troubleshooting NAT on the Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance

         Lesson 2: Configuring Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance Basic Access Control Features

           Connection Table and Local Host Table

           Configuring and Verifying Interface ACLs

           Configuring and Verifying Global ACLs

           Configuring and Verifying Object Groups

           Configuring and Verifying Public Servers

           Configuring and Verifying Other Basic Access Controls

           Troubleshooting ACLs

         Lesson 3: Configuring Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance Routing Features

           Static Routing

           Dynamic Routing

           EIGRP Configuration and Verification

           Multicast Support

         Lesson 4: Configuring the Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance Transparent Firewall

           Transparent Firewall Essentials

           Configuring and Verifying Transparent Firewall Mode

           Configuring and Verifying Transparent Firewall Layer 3 Through Layer 7 Access Controls

           Configuring and Verifying Transparent Firewall Layer 2 Access Controls

           Troubleshooting Transparent Firewall

     Module 4: Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance Policy Control

         Lesson 1: Defining the Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance MPF

           Cisco MPF Overview

           Configuring and Verifying Layer 3 and Layer 4 Policies

           Configuring and Verifying a Policy for Management Traffic

         Lesson 2: Configuring Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance Connection Policy and QoS Settings

           Basic Stateful Inspection Tuning Features

           Tuning Basic OSI Layer 3 and Layer 4 Inspection

           Configuring and Verifying Advanced Connection Settings

           Configuring and Verifying Support for Dynamic Protocols

           Configuring the Botnet Traffic Filter

           Configuring QoS on the Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance

           Troubleshooting OSI Layer 3 and Layer 4 Inspection

         Lesson 3: Configuring Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance Advanced Application Inspections

           Layer 5 to Layer 7 Policy Control Overview

           Configuring and Verifying HTTP Inspection

           Configuring and Verifying FTP Inspection

           Supporting Other Layer 5 to Layer 7 Applications

           Troubleshooting Application Layer Inspection

         Lesson 4: Configuring Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance User-Based Policies

           AAA and Cut-Through Proxy Overview

           Configuring and Verifying Cut-Through Proxy Authentication

           Configuring Authentication Prompts and Timeouts

           Configuring and Verifying Cut-Through Proxy Authorization

           Configuring and Verifying Cut-Through Proxy Accounting

           Troubleshooting Cut-Through Proxy Operations

     Module 5: Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance High Availability and Virtualization

         Lesson 1: Configuring Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance Interface Redundancy Features

           Configuring and Verifying EtherChannel

           Configuring and Verifying Redundant Interfaces

           Troubleshooting EtherChannel and Redundant Interfaces

         Lesson 2: Configuring Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance Active/Standby High Availability

           Configuration Choices, Basic Procedures, and Required Input Parameters

           Configuring and Verifying Active/Standby Failover

           Tuning and Managing Active/Standby Failover

           Remote Command Execution

           Troubleshooting Active/Standby Failover

         Lesson 3: Configuring Security Contexts on the Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance

           Multiple-Context Mode

           Configuring Security Contexts

           Verifying and Managing Security Contexts

           Configuring and Verifying Resource Management

           Troubleshooting Security Contexts

         Lesson 4: Configuring Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance Active/Active High Availability

           Active/Active Failover

           Configuring and Verifying Active/Active Failover

           Tuning and Managing Active/Active Failover

           Troubleshooting Active/Active Failover

     Lab 2-1: Preparing the Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance for Network Integration

   Lab 2-2: Configuring the Cisco ASA Adaptive Security Appliance for Secure Network Integration

   Lab 2-3: Configuring Management Features

   Lab 3-1: Configuring NAT

   Lab 3-2: Configuring Basic Cisco Access Control Features

   Lab 3-3: Configuring Transparent Firewall (Optional)

   Lab 4-1: Configuring MPF, Basic Stateful Inspections, and QoS

   Lab 4-2: Configuring MPF Advanced Application Inspections

   Lab 4-3: Configuring Cut-Through Proxy

   Lab 5-1: Configuring Active/Standby High Availability

   Lab 5-2: Configuring Active/Active High Availability

[passhotdumps]

CCIE cultivation tips 1 ccie r&s lab blog

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This is not the end point, not even the starting point of the end point, but it may be the end point of the starting point. --Winston Churchill

The CCIE club has two popular words. "When you decide to become CCIE, you are already CCIE." And "Every CCIE is a story." This is my first CCIE routing and switching direction. Two sentences harvested in the course. Today, after so many years, I want to add a sentence "CCIE is just a starting point." To friends who are already CCIEed.

When I read "The Evergreen" at noon, I saw the story of a gangster master and shared it with everyone first.

     A martial arts master squatted in front of the martial arts master, accepting the hard-won black belt ritual. After many years of rigorous training, this apprentice finally made a name in the martial arts.

   "Before giving you the black belt, you must accept another test." Master Wu Lin said.

   "I am ready." The apprentice replied, thinking that it might be the last round of practice.

   “You have to answer the most basic question: What is the true meaning of the black belt?”

   "It is the end of my martial arts process." The apprentice said, "It is a reward that I should get hard to practice."

   Master Wu Xue is waiting for him to say something. Obviously he is not satisfied with the apprentice's answer. Finally he spoke up: "You haven't gotten to take the black belt. Come back a year later."

   A year later, the apprentice once again squatted in front of the martial arts master.

   "What is the real meaning of the black belt?" asked the master.

   "It is a symbol of excellence and highest achievement in the martial arts of this family." The apprentice said.

   Master Wu Xue, wait, wait, after a few minutes, I still don't speak, obviously he is not satisfied. Finally he said: "You still haven't got the black belt. Come back a year later."

   A year later, the apprentice was kneeling in front of Master. Master asked again: "What is the real meaning of the black belt?"

   “The black belt represents the beginning – the starting point for the endless process of tempering, striving and pursuing higher standards.”

   "Good. You can accept the black belt and start fighting."

  Many years ago, at a CCIE club sharing session, I talked to CCIE members about the true value of CCIE. This is my own journey along the way. The value of CCIE in my mind is not a result. It is a process, a passion that has never been experienced or disappeared in your life, a journey of your youth through the years of youth, a song written with blood.

[passhotdumps]

Comparison of the ASA NAT8.3

The comparison of the following commands is summarized by an engineer on the Internet. The personal feelings are summed up well. The special records are as follows and some examples are given. After the ASA configuration 8.3 is mainly the biggest change in NAT, basically restart. It mainly means to define an object first and then call the object. Obviously, this is to learn from other manufacturers. It also shows that Cisco is not self-sufficient and is constantly learning and improving. However, I think it is hard to understand after 8.3NAT. Of course, this is  personal idea so you have to relearn the configuration. I remember that when I was configuring it, it took me half a year to understand the meaning of these NATs. In the configuration or often in the project configuration error that I also cannot find the reason. I suggest you guys can slowly try in the project. It is possible to really understand the following commands.

The above configuration is the most commonly used one-to-one static mapping, mainly to do some mapping to the server, so that the external network can access, it is obvious that the mapping does not call the currently defined parameters, so far, still do not understand the reason. The second mapping is port mapping. This is very common and is the most used in the project. The client has only one public network address, but needs to do different services for different servers, so it is distinguished by port. Note that the complete configuration also has the following commands, which need to be released and applied to the interface.

object network 192.168.1.1

host 192.168.1.1

nat (inside1,outside) static interface service tcp 80 80

 nat (inside1,outside) static interface service tcp 443 443 access-list 101 extended permit tcp any host 192.168.1.1 eq 80

access-list 101 extended permit tcp any host 192.168.1.1 eq 443

access-group 101 in interface outside

The most commonly used of the above configurations is PAT.

object network inside1

subnet 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0

nat (inside1,outside) dynamic interface

object network inside0 subnet 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0

nat (inside0,outside) dynamic interface

route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 18.12.18.13

Note: The above configuration is the PAT conversion of multiple internal network ports.

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[passhotdumps]

Summary of two Cisco S4500 switch configurations

The following are all the problems you will encounter when working through CCIE RS LAB EXAM.

The switchover between the two switches is very simple, the configuration is very simple, but from the beginning of this cut to the final completion, I calculated the time, about two hours, I personally feel that the efficiency is too bad, in fact, should be half Completed within an hour, so special summaries.

The time specified at that time was to change the equipment from 18 o'clock. The original equipment of the customer was an old S4506 switch.

You can see that the engine is a relatively old four-generation engine. There are only two boards on it. I believe many people can see that it is an old GBIC interface, and the fiber is single mode in yellow.

The model of the device that is being replaced now is

From this above, we can see a lot of information, the first is 0X2101, I found out in the summary, I did not update to 0X2102 in the end. Did not pay attention at the time:

This later discovered that it was a very big mistake. It is very likely that it will cause a fallback, but the luck at the time was not bad, and there was no retreat.

Let's take a look at the customer's old configuration:

The following configurations are deleted. The main configuration is as follows:

Cisco_4506#show run

Building configuration...

interface GigabitEthernet3/1

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport mode trunk

!

interface GigabitEthernet3/2

switchport trunk encapsulation dotlq

switchport mode trunk

!

interface GigabitEthernet5/1

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport mode trunk

!

interface GigabitEthernet5/2

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport mode trunk

interface GigabitEthernet5/3

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport mode trunk

interface Vlan1

ip address 192.168.0.2 255.255.255.0

interface Vlan10

ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

interface Vlan20

ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0

interface Vlan30

ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0

interface Vlan40

ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0

interface Vlan50

ip address 192.168.5.1 255.255.255.0

interface Vlan60

ip address 192.168.6.1 255.255.255.0

interface Vlan70

ip address 192.168.7.1 255.255.255.0

ip access-group 101 out

interface Vlan80

ip address 192.168.8.1 255.255.255.0

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1

ip http server ip http port 7777

ip http access-class 1

ip http authentication local

access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.1

access-list 1 permit 192.168.0.2 access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.232

access-list 100 deny ip 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 192.168.7.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 100 permit ip any any

access-list 101 deny ip 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 host 192.168.7.92

access-list 101 deny ip 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 host 192.168.7.92

access-list 101 deny ip 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 host 192.168.7.92

access-list 101 deny ip 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255 host 192.168.7.92

access-list 101 deny ip 192.168.5.0 0.0.0.255 host 192.168.7.92

access-list 101 permit ip any any

Obviously, the configuration is simple and simple. At the time of configuration, when all the configurations were imported into the new switch, the VLANs could not communicate with each other. I was surprised at the time. This is the default, why not here. I remember to manually open the command IP ROUTING. When I hit this command, I remembered that this is the engine of SUP7, and the license is LANBASE. It may not support routing. Because by default, this engine does not buy a license is a Layer 2 switch.

If I follow my own ideas, things will not be configured here, and the cutover work will end here. But this is not the case, but it can be done. In the second layer license, even in the case of lanbase, you can play static routes and support Layer 3 functions. Of course, if it is really not supported, I have written it before, you can use the RTU license, the order will not be repeated in this way.

Here to see the configuration of the new device with the cutover completed:

As can be seen from the figure, the box is the 4507R chassis. Support for dual engines, currently only one engine is configured. WS-X45-SUP7L-E, here again, this engine is usually licensed to send ip base when it is bought, that is, it supports OSPF. But this time did not send, everyone must pay attention when configuring, this time can be configured successfully, there is no fallback, it is because the customer's configuration is too simple, it is not worth mentioning, so it is successful, this is also entirely luck .

The above is my feeling of when I exam CISCO CCIE LAB and CISCO CCIE written exam. Hope you guys for your own dream to fight! Fighting!

[passhotdumps]

It is so easy to pass the CCIE exam, I did not expect this reason!

Back in the early days, Cisco was a big IT company with routers and switches all over the world so it’s natural to have Cisco on your own Cisco device. Certificates are divided into three levels, CCNA/CCNP/CCIE, where CCIE is the highest level and those who obtain the certificate are often referred to as network experts. It is very difficult to get this CCIE certificate at the beginning. To pass this certificate, you must first pass CCIE first. The Written exam, the content of this written test is also very difficult. So many people have failed in this part. Congratulation to you after passing the CCIE written exam, you mustpass the CCIE LAB exam within one year! If you have not taken the CCIE LAB exam within one year, your written test will be automatically revoked. Therefore, we can see the suffering of CCIE from here.

At the beginning, you want to go to CCIE for the LAB exam, you must have years of experience in Cisco networking because only with frequent Cisco devices that you can be familiar with Cisco configuration commands before you can pass the Cisco exam. Or, if you sign up for Cisco's training organization, the organization will have real the device is configured for you to familiarize you with the commands. That cost is very expensive and the price is often unaffordable by many people which also led to a low CCIE pass rate at that time!

Until this thing happened! ---Exam simulator

The emergence of this thing has been solved Training must use real physical devices which allows you to configure Cisco devices such as routers, switches, and firewalls on your computer simulator. Then we have the simulator now. However, what does this have to do with the easy passing of the CCIE exam?

The point is coming, now that we have freely configured the tools for Cisco configuration. What are we missing? That is the question and answer to the CCIE exam. Once we have the questions and answers to the exam, can we pass the exam very easily? The answer is yes. The problem now is kind of CCIE dumps searches a lot on Google, is everyone true? The answer is: Most of them are fake, their dumps cannot pass and there is no guarantee! Now, I recommend a guaranteed CCIE to everyone. The dumps website, called PASSHOT. Why it is recommended and is a guarantee that it provides refunds to consumers. Once you fail due to exam changes, PASSHOT will refund you the fee. I used to be cheap and believe in other CCIEs. Dumps' website which wasted a lot of money and bought a lot of useless dumps. Here I summed up a sentence that is not cheap, cheap, no good!

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