#pythontry

[learning-code-ficusoft]

Tips for managing exceptions and debugging Python code.

Managing exceptions and debugging effectively in Python is crucial for writing reliable and maintainable code. Here are some key tips to help with exception handling and debugging:

1. Use Try-Except Blocks Wisely

Wrap only the code that might raise an exception in try blocks.

Catch specific exceptions instead of using a general except Exception to avoid masking unexpected issues.

pythontry: result = 10 / 0 except ZeroDivisionError as e: print(f"Error: {e}")

2. Use the Else Clause in Try-Except Blocks

The else clause runs only if no exception occurs, keeping your code cleaner.

pythontry: num = int(input("Enter a number: ")) except ValueError: print("Invalid input! Please enter a number.") else: print(f"Valid number: {num}")

3. Leverage Finally for Cleanup

The finally block runs regardless of whether an exception occurred, useful for resource cleanup.

pythontry: file = open("data.txt", "r") content = file.read() except FileNotFoundError: print("File not found!") finally: file.close() # Ensures the file is closed even if an error occurs

4. Raise Custom Exceptions for Clarity

Define custom exceptions when the built-in ones don’t convey the specific issue.

python class CustomError(Exception): passdef check_value(val): if val < 0: raise CustomError("Negative values are not allowed.")try: check_value(-5) except CustomError as e: print(f"Custom Exception Caught: {e}")

5. Use Logging Instead of Print

The logging module provides better error tracking, filtering, and logging to files.

pythonimport logginglogging.basicConfig(level=logging.ERROR, filename="error.log")try: value = int("abc") except ValueError as e: logging.error(f"ValueError occurred: {e}")

6. Debug with Python Debugger (pdb)

The built-in pdb module allows interactive debugging.

pythonimport pdbdef buggy_function(): x = 10 y = 0 pdb.set_trace() # Execution will pause here for debugging return x / ybuggy_function()

Use commands like n (next line), s (step into), c (continue), q (quit).

7. Use Assertions for Debugging

Use assert to check conditions during development.

pythondef process_data(data): assert isinstance(data, list), "Data must be a list" return sum(data) / len(data)process_data("Not a list") # Raises AssertionError

8. Handle Multiple Exceptions Separately

Avoid catching multiple exception types in a single block if they need different handling.

pythontry: num = int(input("Enter a number: ")) result = 10 / num except ValueError: print("Invalid number!") except ZeroDivisionError: print("Cannot divide by zero!")

9. Use Tracebacks for Better Error Analysis

The traceback module provides detailed error information.

pythonimport tracebacktry: 1 / 0 except Exception: print(traceback.format_exc())

10. Use IDE Debugging Tools

Modern IDEs like PyCharm, VS Code, and Jupyter Notebooks have built-in debuggers that allow breakpoints and step-through debugging.

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