#the hindu newspaper analysis today

[ambitiousbaba]

The Hindu Editorial Analysis : 24th September 2024

The Hindu Editorial Analysis We understand the significance of reading The Hindu newspaper for enhancing reading skills, improving comprehension of passages, staying informed about current events, enhancing essay writing, and more, especially for banking aspirants who need to focus on editorials for vocabulary building. This article will delve into today’s editorial points along with practice…

[lawexamguide]

The Importance of Current Affairs in Law Entrance Exams

In the competitive arena of law entrance exams such as CLAT (Common Law Admission Test), LSAT (Law School Admission Test), and others, mastering current affairs is not just advantageous—it is essential. Daily Current affairs encompass recent events, policy changes, and global developments that are crucial for understanding contemporary legal issues. This guide explores the significance of current affairs in law entrance exams and provides practical strategies for integrating them into your preparation.

The Importance of Current Affairs in Law Entrance Exams

Contextual Understanding of Legal Principles

Current affairs offer real-world examples of how legal principles are applied, which enhances students' understanding of the law's practical implications.

Real-World Application: Familiarity with recent judicial decisions, legislative changes, and policy reforms helps students comprehend how laws are enacted and enforced. Example: The 2023 amendment to the Personal Data Protection Bill in India illustrates the adaptation of privacy laws to technological advancements. Understanding such amendments aids in grasping the dynamic nature of legal frameworks.

Enhancing Analytical and Critical Thinking Skills

Engaging with current affairs develops critical thinking and analytical skills, which are vital for law entrance exams.

Complex Issues: Current affairs involve multifaceted issues requiring nuanced analysis. This engagement improves the ability to evaluate arguments and identify biases. Example: The ongoing debate on climate change regulations involves diverse perspectives, from environmental groups to industrial stakeholders. Analyzing such debates hones skills in evaluating conflicting arguments and understanding legal and ethical implications.

Preparation for General Knowledge Sections

Current affairs are a significant component of the general knowledge sections in many law entrance exams, which test awareness of recent events and their relevance.

Exam Relevance: These sections may include questions on national and international events, political developments, and economic changes. Example: Recent changes in international trade agreements or national elections are common topics. Being knowledgeable about these events helps in answering related questions accurately.

Improving Essay and Interview Performance

Current affairs knowledge enhances performance in essay writing and interviews, which are critical components of the law entrance exam process.

Essay Writing: Essays often address contemporary legal or social issues. Being well-versed in current affairs enables students to write informed and relevant essays. Example: An essay on the impact of social media on freedom of speech can be enriched by discussing recent cases or debates related to online expression.

Interview Skills: Interviews may include questions on recent developments and their implications. Demonstrating awareness of current affairs during interviews can significantly improve performance. Example: Discussing recent labor law reforms during an interview showcases your knowledge and analytical abilities.

Checkout Today's Current Affairs

Strategies for Incorporating Current Affairs into Your Preparation

Daily News Consumption

Integrate news reading into your daily routine to stay updated with recent developments.

Routine Reading: Read reputable newspapers and news websites daily to gain a comprehensive view of current affairs.

Action Plan:

Newspapers: Subscribe to major newspapers like The Hindu, The Times of India, and The Economic Times.

Online News Platforms: Use news websites and apps like BBC News, Reuters, and Al Jazeera.

Newsletters: Subscribe to newsletters from credible sources for summaries and analyses.

Utilize Current Affairs Magazines and Online Resources

Specialized magazines and online resources offer targeted content on current affairs relevant to competitive exams.

Specialized Resources: These resources provide summaries, quizzes, and detailed analyses of important events.

Action Plan:

Magazines: Subscribe to magazines like Pratiyogita Darpan and Competition Success Review.

Online Resources: Use websites like Affairs Cloud, Adda247, or StudyIQ.

Apps: Download current affairs apps for daily updates and practice questions.

Engage in Discussion Forums and Study Groups

Participate in discussion forums and study groups to gain diverse perspectives on current affairs.

Collaborative Learning: Engaging in discussions helps explore different viewpoints and enhances understanding.

Action Plan:

Online Forums: Join forums dedicated to law entrance exams and current affairs.

Study Groups: Form or join study groups with peers preparing for law exams.

Debate Clubs: Participate in debate clubs focusing on current issues to practice argumentation skills.

Practice with Mock Tests and Sample Papers

Incorporate current affairs questions into mock tests and practice papers to familiarize yourself with the exam format.

Simulation Practice: Regularly take mock tests that include current affairs sections to assess your knowledge and improve your exam strategy.

Action Plan:

Mock Tests: Include current affairs questions in your practice tests.

Sample Papers: Review past question papers to identify frequently covered topics.

Timed Practice: Practice under timed conditions to build speed and accuracy.

Read More: The Role of Law Schools in Shaping Future Legal Professionals

Additional Tips for Mastering Current Affairs

Focus on Major Events

Pay attention to significant national and international events, policy changes, and judicial decisions.

Key Areas: Major events are often the focus of exam questions.

Example: Summarize and analyze important events such as international summits or major legislative changes.

Create a Current Affairs Journal

Maintain a journal to record and summarize key current affairs updates.

Organized Notes: A journal helps consolidate information and review key points.

Action Plan:

Daily Entries: Record summaries of significant news and developments.

Categorization: Organize entries by categories like politics, economics, and legal issues.

Stay Curious and Informed

Cultivate an interest in current affairs beyond exam requirements to enhance overall understanding.

Active Engagement: Engage with diverse topics and viewpoints to stay informed.

Action Plan:

Read Beyond Headlines: Dive deeper into articles to understand context and background.

Follow Expert Opinions: Listen to expert analyses for a comprehensive view of current issues.

Conclusion

Current affairs are integral to law entrance exams, influencing various aspects of the preparation process from contextual understanding of legal principles to performance in general knowledge sections. A strategic approach—comprising regular news consumption, utilizing specialized resources, engaging in discussions, and practicing with mock tests—will enhance your exam performance and provide a solid foundation for a successful legal career.

Final Thoughts

Stay Consistent: Make current affairs a consistent part of your study routine.

Be Analytical: Develop a critical approach to understanding and analyzing current events.

Embrace Learning: View current affairs as an opportunity for continuous learning and growth.

[nithiyanantha]

How to Enhance Your General Knowledge for the IAS Exam

General Knowledge plays a very important role in the IAS exam-both in Prelims and Mains. Good GK helps not only in attempting specific questions but also provides you with a broader perspective, thus improving the quality of your answers. If you want to crack the IAS examination, building up your general knowledge is an ongoing process that requires a strategy, consistency, and use of appropriate resources. Here's how you can build up your GK and inch closer to your IAS dream.

 1. Read Newspapers Daily

One of the most efficient ways to improve your general knowledge is to read newspapers daily. Current event coverage, editorial analyses, and other essential issues are dealt with in-depth in newspapers and magazines like The Hindu and The Indian Express. Such regular reading will help you stay informed about events in the country and the world, economic updates, and governmental policies. As a matter of fact, this habit was considered one of the most important aspects for training by the best IAS academy in Coimbatore, and thus, daily analysis of newspapers is part of their curriculum in keeping their students updated.

 2. Follow Trusted News Apps and Websites

Besides newspapers, following reliable news applications and websites is a must. Websites like BBC, Al Jazeera, and Reuters provide unmatched news reports with objectivity. Turn on their notifications to receive breaking news and other updates on your phone or tablet. In this way, you will be updated even when there is a small break in your study time. The best IAS academy in Coimbatore usually suggests a few apps that would be more useful for IAS aspirants, so that the students draw quality information.

 3. Refer to Standard GK Books

Books are an especial means of improving general knowledge for competitive exams. Books like Manorama Yearbook and Lucent's General Knowledge are quite popular among IAS aspirants. These books have a vast amount of information on every subject-from history to geography, science, and politics. Regular reading and revising of the books will bring about a sea change in your GK.

 4. Watch Educational Videos and Documentaries

Visual learning is a surefire way for information to stick in your head. Watching educational videos and documentaries related to any topic or current issues on YouTube, National Geographic, and Discovery Channel will definitely help in better understanding. The best IAS academy in Coimbatore would suggest viewing video content along with reading for the same reason-to make the learning more interactive and long-lasting.

 5. Participate in GK Quizzes and Discussions

Regular GK quizzes and group discussion with fellow aspirants not only test your knowledge but also expose you to something new. There are several online platforms where you can participate in quizzes specifically designed for IAS preparation. Besides, joining discussion forums or study groups will present you with different angles of viewing on current events and important topics, especially those organized by the best IAS academy in Coimbatore.

 6. Avail GK Apps

There are a number of apps that provide the sole service of improving your general knowledge. Applications such as Daily Current Affairs & GK, GK Today, and Gradeup send daily updates, quizzes, and mock tests which prove to be very helpful for IAS aspirants. Integration of this in your daily study routine can really boost up your GK.

 7. Revise Regularly

Improvement of general knowledge does not mean acquisition of new information alone but retains the acquired information. For retention, revision is a must and regular. Set apart part of every week rereading your notes, books, and news highlights. In that way, such knowledge gets embedded in the mind and can be better referred to during the examination.

 Conclusion

The elements required for improvement in General Knowledge at the IAS examination include dedication, consistency, and proper strategy. Reading of newspapers, referring to standard books, discussion, and modern tools like applications or videos will help build up a strong foundation for General Knowledge that would serve well during the examination. The best IAS academy in Coimbatore knows this, and enforces it in their general training programs so their students are always prepared.

BestIASAcademyInCoimbatore IASPreparation GeneralKnowledge

[maatutorialblogs]

Conquering Defence Exams: Staying Sharp on Defence News

Cracking the NDA or other defence exams requires dedication and a strong knowledge base. A crucial aspect is staying updated on defence news and current affairs. This blog, brought to you by Maa Tutorial Defence Academy (one of the Best Defence Academies / a leading NDA coaching institute), will guide you on mastering this skill.

Why Defence News Matters

Defence exams like NDA and AFCAT heavily emphasize General Awareness, often with a specific focus on defence issues. Being well-informed about:

Recent military exercises and procurements

Defence policies and international relations

Technological advancements in weaponry and warfare

can give you a significant edge. Not only will you be able to answer specific questions, but you'll also demonstrate a genuine interest and understanding of defence matters – qualities valued in future officers.

Sharpening Your Defence News Arsenal

Here are some effective ways to stay on top of defence news:

Newspapers and Magazines: Develop a habit of reading newspapers like The Hindu or The Indian Express. Look for dedicated defence sections or columns. Consider magazines like 'Yojana' and 'India Today' for in-depth analysis.

Government Websites: Primary sources like the Press Information Bureau (PIB) and the Ministry of Defence (MoD) websites offer reliable information on government policies, defence initiatives, and military developments.

Defence Websites and Apps: Several websites and apps cater specifically to defence aspirants. These offer curated content, quizzes, and analysis of defence news, making learning interactive and engaging.

Social Media (Selectively): Follow the social media handles of credible news agencies, defence publications, and the Indian Armed Forces. However, be cautious of misinformation and rely only on verified sources.

Monthly Defence Magazines: Consider subscribing to monthly magazines dedicated to defence exams. These provide comprehensive coverage of relevant topics, keeping you updated with current affairs and strategic developments.

Advantage

At Maa Tutorial Defence Academy, we understand the importance of staying informed. Our experienced faculty incorporates current Defence news into their teaching, ensuring you're exposed to the latest developments. Additionally, our study materials and mock tests often feature defence-related topics, allowing you to test your knowledge under exam-like conditions.

Remember, staying updated on defence news isn't just about scoring well; it's about demonstrating your passion and preparedness for a career in the Indian defence forces.

Make informed choices, stay ahead of the curve, and achieve your Defence exam dreams!

[kgsupsccourses]

Mastering Current Affairs for SSC CGL: A Comprehensive Guide

Current affairs play a crucial role in cracking competitive exams like SSC CGL. Understanding the recent happenings, governmental policies, and major global events can significantly enhance your performance. At Khan Global Studies, we emphasize the importance of a structured approach to mastering current affairs for SSC CGL preparation.

Why Current Affairs Matter in SSC CGL

The Staff Selection Commission - Combined Graduate Level (SSC CGL) exam tests candidates on a variety of subjects, with current affairs being an integral part. The General Awareness section, which includes current affairs, can be a game-changer. This section not only tests your knowledge of recent events but also your understanding of their implications. Scoring well in this segment can give you a competitive edge.

Timeframe for Current Affairs Preparation

For SSC CGL, focusing on current affairs from the past six to eight months before the exam is generally sufficient. However, keeping an eye on major events from the previous year can also be beneficial. This time frame ensures you have a comprehensive grasp of recent developments that are likely to be asked in the exam.

Key Areas to Focus On

National and International News: Stay updated with significant national events, policy changes, and international relations that impact India.

Government Policies and Schemes: Focus on new and ongoing government initiatives, welfare schemes, and major reforms introduced in various sectors.

Economic Developments: Keep track of the Union Budget, economic surveys, important economic indicators, and major economic policies.

Science and Technology: Follow advancements in science and technology, space missions, and innovations that have a bearing on India's development.

Sports and Awards: Stay informed about major sports events, achievements, and notable awards in various fields.

Effective Strategies for Current Affairs Preparation

Daily News Reading: Start your day with a reputable newspaper like The Hindu or Times of India. Focus on headlines, editorials, and opinion pieces for a comprehensive understanding of current events.

Monthly Magazines: Magazines like Pratiyogita Darpan and Competition Success Review offer summarized content and in-depth analysis of major events, making them valuable resources.

Online Resources and Apps: Utilize apps like GK Today, Gradeup, and SSC-specific websites for concise updates and quizzes. These platforms provide regular updates and are handy for quick revisions.

Making Notes: Develop a habit of making concise notes on a daily basis. Summarize key points and revise them periodically. This practice aids in better retention and quick revision before the exam.

Regular Quizzes and Mock Tests: Participate in online quizzes and mock tests to assess your preparation level. This practice helps in identifying areas needing improvement and boosts your confidence.

Conclusion

Mastering current affairs for SSC CGL requires dedication and a strategic approach. By focusing on relevant topics and employing effective study strategies, you can excel in the General Awareness section. At Khan Global Studies, we guide our students to not just prepare but excel in their SSC CGL journey through a well-rounded and comprehensive preparation plan.

[sabdiawaaz]

ਪੰਜਾਬ ਵਿੱਚ 1 ਜੁਲਾਈ ਤੋਂ 300 ਯੂਨਿਟ ਬਿਜਲੀ ਮੁਫ਼ਤ

ਪੰਜਾਬ ਵਿੱਚ 1 ਜੁਲਾਈ ਤੋਂ 300 ਯੂਨਿਟ ਬਿਜਲੀ ਮੁਫ਼ਤ

  ▪️2 ਮਹੀਨੇ ਵਿੱਚ 600 ਯੂਨਿਟ ਬਿਜਲੀ ਮੁਫ਼ਤ ▪️2 kW ਤੱਕ ਦੇ ਸਾਰੇ ਪਰਿਵਾਰਾਂ ਦਾ 31 ਦਸੰਬਰ 2021 ਤੱਕ ਬਿੱਲ ਮੁਆਫ਼ ▪️ਕਮਰਸ਼ੀਅਲ ਕੁਨੈਕਸ਼ਨ ਦੇ ਰੇਟ ਨਹੀਂ ਵਧਣਗੇ.  

[jvias]

Tips For UPSC Preparation

UPSC CSE is one of the most prestigious exams and attempted by lakhs of aspirants every year.The exam is challenging for many reasons, like it’s vast syllabus, unpredictable questions asked by commission and huge number of applicants.

We will provide you some tips here which will help you to achieve what you are aspiring for.

Tip 1: Survey

Try to know what UPSC is and the job profile of an IAS/IPS. You may have to compromise your family time for the sake of your job.Listen to experiences shared by retired IAS/IPS officers. With power comes huge responsibility.

Tip 2: Be ready

Once you realize that you can be a part of this bureaucracy then prepare yourself. Prepare yourself for the long journey, for being focused, for staying motivated. This journey is really very long. It will take one year before you appear for the exam.

Tip 3: Exam Pattern

Know the UPSC CSE pattern and syllabus. It has three stages: Prelims, Mains and Interview. Read the syllabus for both prelims and mains. Mug up the syllabus.prepare

Paper 1      GS          100 MCQs     200 Marks

Paper 2     CSAT     80 MCQs       200 Marks

For CSAT, candidates have to score 33% (66 marks) to qualify for Prelims.

To know how and what to study, analyze the previous year questions asked by the commission.

Syllabus and previous year questions will act as a guide for you.

Tip 4: Time Table

Make a timetable for one year first. Whole syllabus should be completed with the set timetable.

Begin with an optional subject which will take three to four months. This will go along with UPSC current affairs reading and GS as well.

Try to sync current affairs with GS topics. 

After optional is done, you can now divide your GS and optional timing giving more focus to GS. 

Once this is done, shift all your focus to prelims.Dedicated 3 months should be given for UPSC preparation.

You can visit Jatin Verma’s IAS Academy’s website for joining 120 days plan for free.

Tip 5: Newspaper

Newspaper reading is crucial from day one to the last day. This last day of preparation is the day of your interview. The Hindu or Indian Express should be read on a regular basis. Notes should be made from it and important data should be extracted and noted down.

You can watch  youtube videos to know the strategy in detail and get a clearer idea.

Tip 6: NCERTs

NCERTs form the foundation of preparation. NCERT books from class 6 to 12 should be read.UPSC asks questions directly from NCERTs. These marks are in your hand, you have to grab them. It even forms the benchmark score. Because many aspirants will be able to solve these questions correctly, and you can’t miss these marks. If you missed them, you will be out of the race there itself.

Geography                  Class 6 to 12

History                        Class 6 to 12 

                                     Old NCERT by R.S Sharma /Satish Chandra

Art and Culture         Class 11 and 12

Indian economy        Class 9 to 12

Tip 7: Important websites

 There are many important government websites which you should be visiting. PIB is the most important.All the ministry website should be visited. Atleast go through them every week. Schemes and its details can be read from respective websites. FAQ on schemes are good sources of relevant information.

Tip 8: Notes

First tip on this is do not make notes from first reading.You may find almost everything important in first reading. Only do underline with pencil for the first reading. From second reading inwards, you can start making notes. Notes making should be crisp and concise. It should not be the copy paste of a textbook. Key words, flow charts and diagrams should be used. Make use of one note or evernote for digital notes making.Like cashless economy, paperless economy is easy and viable.

Tip 9: Mapping

Map study is something which requires time. It is hard to sit and mug up maps in some days. It should get organic with gradual process. Make a habit of looking at maps every day.

Map study should  be done under various headings such as geographical features like mountains, rivers,etc.Under this, know its origin,course,states and recent development.

Important places in news should be linked to map plotting.

There are some favourite areas of UPSC like Asia, gulf region from which they will ask map based questions.

Tip 10 : Answer Writing 

Answer writing is an inevitable part of UPSC preparation. Don’t wait for the syllabus to complete and then write. AAs soon as you finish one topic, start writing on that topic. You can find questions on multiple online IAS coaching websites.

Tip 11: PYQ

Previous Year Questions analysis is very important. You can analyse it by taking use of  online coaching institutes which provide prelims and mains analysis of every year question papers. You can also buy books available in the market for the same.

PYQ ensures your preparation in the correct direction. Try to solve them as well.

Tip 12: Test Series

Joining any mock test for UPSC is important as this will make sure you are handling your emotions well in the exam hall. It will also bring you in the practice of handling and solving new types of questions because UPSC anyway asks unpredictable types of questions.

UPSC free mock tests are easily available in the market.

After every mock, analyse your performance. Read the detailed given answers carefully.

Tip 14: Revision

 Revise , revise and revise. Follow the scientific way of revision.Our brain tends to forget learnt things if it is not revised in regular intervals of time. What you read today and notes made should be revised within 24 hours. Then  after seven days,then 15 days,the 30 so on. It is a little tricky to revise such a big quantity of notes.

For this you make use of digital sheets, notes and reminders.

Tip 15: Health

Health should be a priority. You can’t concentrate if you are not well. Maintain a good diet and have brain foods like almonds,green vegetables,fruits,etc.

[pegasusindiaspy]

Pegasus India List

Pegasus Project : Names Revealed

Amnesty International worked to analyze the phones of 10 Indians. Each phone showed signs of either attempted hacking or successful compromise.

The presence of a number within the database does NOT necessarily indicate that the target's device was successful. Without evidence from forensic analysis, it's impossible to tell if there were successful hacks or attempts. The list's names have been distinguished. Potential targets are those whose numbers appear on the list but whose devices have not been forensically analysed by Amnesty. If the phones of potential targets show evidence of successful hacking attempts, then they are classified as such.

161 names were revealed that were potential targets or targets for surveillance by clients at the NSO Group. The data was distributed over multiple stories. They are all listed below. This list does not include names that were disclosed by Pegasus project partners. Lets see Pegasus India List.

Journalists

At least 40 journalists that were either surveillance targets or targets. Seven journalists had their phones examined by an investigator. Five showed evidence of Pegasus infection.

1. M.K. Venu Founding editor. The phone of the victim was also forensically examined and Pegasus-related traces were discovered.

2. Sushant Singh:A former journalist for Indian Express, who now writes about national security. Amnesty came to the conclusion that his phone was compromised following a forensic investigation.

3. Siddharth Varadarajan: Founding editor The phone was then forensically analysed. Pegasus had compromised the phone, according to the analysis.

4. Paranjoy Guha Thakurta:FormerEPWNow, editorNewsclick. Pegasus compromised his phone and forensic analysis revealed that.

5. S.N.M. Abdi:FormerOutlookAccording to forensic analysis, journalist whose phone was stolen.

6. Vijaita Singh: The HinduReporter who covers the ministry of home. Her phone was examined by an investigator. However, there was no evidence that a hacker attempted to access it.

7. Smita SharmaFormer TV18 anchor. Although evidence was found of a attempted hack, it did not indicate that the phone had been infected.

8. Shishir Gupta: Executive editor atHindustan Times

9. Rohini Singh:Freelance journalist, who has written numerous exposes. About controversial business dealings by politicians or their families.

10. Devirupa Mitra: Editor in chief of the diplomatic section.

11. Prashant Jha:Views editorHindustan TimesPreviously, he was the chief of the Bureau.

12. Prem Shankar Jiha:A veteran journalist who was in editorial positions at Hindustan Times TheTimes of India He is also a regular contributor to several newspapers.

13. Swati Chakravedi She wrote a book that focuses on the infamous BJP IT Cell.

14. Rahul Singh:Defence correspondentHindustan Times.

15. Aurangzeb NaqshbandiAn ex-political reporter who worked previously forHindustan TimesIncluding coverage of the Congress party.

16. Ritika ChopraA journalist for theIndian ExpressWho covers education and Election Commission beats.

17. Muzamil JaleelAnotherIndian ExpressKashmiri journalist

18. Sandeep Unnithan India TodayJournalist who covers defence and Indian military.

19. Manoj Gopta:TV18 Security and investigations editor

20. J. Gopikrishnan:Investigative reporterThe PioneerHe also broke the 2G telecom fraud.

21. Saikat Datta:Formerly, I was a national-security reporter.

22. Ifthikar Gilani:FormerDNAReporter covering Kashmir.

23. Manoranjan Gupta:Frontier TV's Northeast editor in Chief

24. Sanjay Shyam:Bihar-based journalist.

25. Jaspal Singh Sheran:A Ludhiana-based Punjabi newspaper editor-in chief, this octogenarian is also the editor-in–chiefRozana Pehredar.

26. Roopesh Kumar Singh:A freelancer based in Jharkhand’s Ramgarh.

27. Deepak GidwaniFormer correspondentDNALucknow.

28. Sumir KaulPTI News Agency: A journalist

29.Shabir Hussain:Kashmiri-based political commentator, based in Delhi.

Politicians, political figures, and anyone associated with them

1. Rahul Gandhi:The Congress party leader, who was presumed to have been the prime ministerial nominee for the two previous general elections.

2. Alankar SawaiRahul Gandhi was a close friend.

3. Sachin RaoRahul Gandhi has another aide who is a member on the Congress Working Committee.

4. Prashant Kishor:An election strategist who worked for multiple political parties, including Congress and the BJP. His phone was forensically examined and indicated signs of a successful hack.

5. Abhishek Banerjee:Trinamool Congress MP and nephew to Mamata Banerjee, West Bengal chief minister.

6. Ashwini Vaishnaw:Former IAS officer made Union cabinet minister in recent expansion.

7. Prahlad Singh Patel:Another cabinet minister in Union government. His wife, secretaries and assistants. Cook, gardener, etc.

8. Pravin Togadia:Former head, Vishwa India Parishad.

9. Pradeep AwasthiVasundhara Raje Skindia was the former chief minister in Rajasthan.

10. Sanjay Kachroo:Smriti Iraniani, the then minister of human resources development, chose a corporate executive to be her officer on special duty in 2014. She was never officially appointed. His father and minor son are also listed.

11. G. ParameshwaraDeputy chief Minister in the JD(S) - Congress coalition government in Karnataka. It was toppled following several MLAs defecting to the BJP.

12: SatishPersonal secretary to H.D. Kumaraswamy, the chief minister in Karnataka.

13. VenkateshPersonal secretary to Siddaramaiah who was the Congress chief Minister of Karnataka during Kumaraswamy.

14. Manjunath Muddegowda:H.D. Devegowda. They are also part of Pegasus India List.

Constitutional authority

1. Ashok LavasaHe was a career bureaucrat but was also a target of surveillance as an election commissioner.

Academicians, lawyers, and activists

1. Hany Babu M.T. :An accused at Delhi University in the Elgar Parishad case is a professor

2. Rona WilsonAn activist for prisoners' rights who is also an accused in the Elgar Parishad trial.

3. Vernon Gonsalves:An activist for human rights. Elgar Parishad: He is also charged.

4. Anand TeltumbdeElgar Parishad: Academic and civil rights activist.

5. Shoma Sen:Retired professor, and one of the suspects in the Elgar Parishad trial.

6. Gautam Navrakha:Journalist and rights activist, Elgar Parishad is his case.

7. Arun FerreiraOne of the Elgar Parishad lawyers.

8. Sudha Bhardwaj:Activist, lawyer, and accused in Elgar Parishad case

9. Pavana:Varavara Rao is the daughter of a Telugu poet. She is charged in the Elgar Parishad trial.

10. Minal GadlingSurendra Gadling's spouse is being charged in the Elgar Parishad trial.

11. Nihalsing Rathod:Surendra Gadling's associate and lawyer.

12. Jagadish Mehram:Surendra Gadling has another lawyer.

13. Maruti Kurwatkar:He was charged in several cases under Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act. Surendra Gadling represented him.

14. Shalini Gera:Sudha Bharadwaj has been represented by an attorney.

15. Ankit GrewalSudha Bharadwaj is a close associate in law.

16. Jaison Cooper:Anand Teltumbde's friend, a Kerala-based rights activist.

17. Rupali Jadhav:Kabir Kala Manch, a member of the cultural troupe.

18. Lalsu Nagoti:Mahesh Raut is close to a lawyer, and he is being accused in the Elgar Parishad matter.

19. Soni Sori:Bastar-based tribal rights activist.

20 Lingaram Kodopi:Soni Sori's nephew, a journalist.

21. Degree Prasad ChouhanA Chhattisgarh state president for the People's Union for Civil Liberties.

22. Rakesh Ranjan:A Sri Ram College of Commerce assistant professor

23. Ashok BhartiChairman of All India Ambedkar Mahasabha (an umbrella organization of Dalit rights' groups).

24. Umar KhalidJawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), former student. During the notorious JNU sloganeering trial, he was first arrested for sedition. He is currently being held in prison, and is awaiting trial for the Delhi riots conspiracy case.

25. Anirban Battacharya:Khalid, a former JNU student was also taken into custody on suspicion of sedition.

26. Banjyotsna Lahiri:You can also be a JNU student.

27. Bela BhatiaChhattisgarh's lawyer and human rights activist.

28. Shiv Gopal MaishraA leader of the railway union.

29. Anjani Kumar:Delhi-based labour rights activist.

30. Alok ShuklaA prominent anti-coal mining activist who was also the convenor of Chhattisgarh Bachao Andolan.

31. Saroj GiriA Delhi University professor.

32 Shubhranshu Choudhary:Bastar-based peace activist.

33. Sandeep Kumar Rai:Former BBC journalist and trade union activist.

34 Khalid Khan:Sandeep Kumar Rai's friend.

35 Ipsa ShatakshiA Jharkhand-based activist.

37. S.A.R. GeelaniProfessor at Delhi University who was later convicted in the Parliament Bombing Case. His phone was forensically analyzed and showed signs that it had been infected by Pegasus.

38. G. HaragopalHe was a retired professor at the University of Hyderabad. He was also chairman of the Saibaba Defence Committee. Three of his smartphones were forensically examined, and the results were non-conclusive.

39. Vasantha Kumari:G.N., an ex-university professor from Delhi, was married to G.N. Saibaba was convicted in connection with a banned Maoist group.

40 Jagdeep Chhokar:Co-founder of Association for Democratic Reforms.

Civilians : Pegasus India List

1. A former Supreme Court staffer:The woman had accused Ranjan Gogoi (then chief justice of India) of sexual harassment. Her family members were also possible targets.

Figures taken from the Northeast

1. Samujjal Bhattacharjee:Assistant to the All Assam Students Union. Also member of the high-level advisory committee for the Assam Accord.

2. Anup Chetia:The leader of the United Liberation Front of Assam.

3. Malem NingthoujaManipuri writer based in Delhi.

Naga leaders

1. Atem VashumAn assumed successor to Th. Muivah, the leader of the National Socialist Council of Nagalim. Muivah.

2. Apam Muivah:Th. is another NSCN (I-M), leader. Muivah is Muivah’s newphew.

3. Anthony Shimray:The commander-in-chief of the Naga Army of NSCN. (I-M).

4. Phunting ShimrangFormer commander-in-chief of the NSCN's Naga Army (I-M).

5. Kitovi Zhimomi:Convenor, Naga National Policy Groups (NNPGs). Narendra Modi was in talks with the groups to find a 'one solution to the Naga question'.

Scientists or others in the health sector

1. Gagandeep Kang:One of India’s top virologists was involved in fighting the Nipah disease.

2. Hari Menon:The Indian head for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

CBI officers, and those who are related to them

1. Alok Verma:Verma, who was the former chief of Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), was added to the list shortly after Modi was removed from office. It would be possible to add the personal phone numbers of his wife and daughter as well as his son-in-law to the list. This would make it 8 numbers total from this family.

2. Rakesh Athana:Verma was also added to the list at the same time Asthana, a former senior CBI officer. He is close to Modi and currently leads the BSF.

3. A.K. SharmaAn additional CBI official of high rank was added to this list along with Asthana, Verma, and Verma.

Businesspersons

1. Anil AmbaniReliance ADAG chairman. Anil Ambani used the phone number in 2018. This was after controversy over Rafale had intensified.

2. Tony JesudasanADAG is the corporate communications chief. Ambani also added his number. Jesudasan’s wife also has a number.

3. Venkata Rao Posina:India representative of Dassault Aviation.

4. Inderjit Sial:Ex-head of Saab India.

5. Pratyush Kumar:Boeing India boss.

6. Harmanjit Nagi:EDF is the head of the French energy firm.

India's Tibetan activists, officials and clerics

1. Tempa Tsering:Long-term Envoy for Dalai Lama in New Delhi

2. Tenzin Taklha:Senior aide of Dalai Lama.

3. Chimmey Rigzen:Senior aide to Dalai Lama.

4. Lobsang Sangay:Former head of exile Tibetan government.

Figures from Kashmir

1. Bilal Lone:An independent leader and brother to Sajad Loone, Peoples Conference leader. His phone was forensically analyzed. The forensic analysis of his phone revealed Pegasus spyware, even though it is different from the one he used to be targeted in the leaked database.

2. Tariq Bukhari:Altaf Bukhari is the brother of Apni Party leader. He is a businessman, and political leader. In April 2019, he was questioned by NIA for a 'terror financing' case.

3. Syed Naseem GeelaniSyed Ali Shah Geelani, a prominent separatist leader, is a scientist.

4. Mirwaiz Umar Farooq:Separatist leader, head of Hurriyat Conference. He is also chief cleric at Jama Masjid.

5. Waqar BhattiProminent human right activist.

6. Zaffar Akbar Bhat:Influential Shia cleric, associated with Hurriyat and prominent separatist leader.

Figures of national security : Pegasus India List

1. K.K. SharmaWhen he was identified as a possible target of surveillance, he was the head the Border Security Force (BSF).

2. Jagdish Mathani:BSF inspector General who was integral in the Union home ministry’s comprehensive integrated border management (CIBMS), smart fencing project.

3. Jitendra Kumar Ojha:A senior official in the Research and Analysis Wing. He was made a target of surveillance in the wake of his January 2018 retirement.

4. Colonel Mukul dev:An army officer who refused to accept the government's request that rations be cut for officers posted in peace-areas.

5. Colonel Amit Kumar:Another army officer, who petitioned the Supreme Court in support of 356 Army personnel for relief from what they had discovered was an imminent dilution under the Armed Forces Special Forces Act (AFSPA), filed a Petition.

Bureaucrats and officials of investigating agencies

1. Rajeshwar Singh:His agency had several high-profile, high-profile investigations led by a senior enforcement directorate officer. Potential targets for surveillance included his wife and both of their sisters.

2. Abha Singh:Rajeshwar Singh's brother is a Mumbai-based lawyer. Although her mobile phone was forensically analyzed, the results were not conclusive.

3. V.K. JainA former officer in the Indian Administrative Service, who was a personal assistant of Arvind Kejriwal, chief minister of Delhi.

Official Bihar cricket

1. Rakesh Tiwary:The current chief of Bihar Cricket Association.

PSU bureaucrats, lobbyists and businesspeople

1. NareshGoyal:Jet Airways ex-boss who ran into legal problems.

2. Ajay Sing:SpiceJet managing director and chairman

3. Prashant Ruia:Director of Essar Group.

4. Vikramkothari:Associated with Rotomac Pens - a group that was investigated as a suspect in loan fraud.

5. Rahul Kothari:Vikram Kothari is Vikram's son.

6. C. SivasankaranAircel maverick entrepreneur and former promoter, who was also under surveillance.

7. B.C. TripathiFormer head of GAIL India state-run GAIL India. As non-executive chairman, he joined Essar January 2020.

8. V. Balasubramanian:Reliance Industries' long-time lobbyist.

9. A.N. Sethuraman: A lobbyist associated the Reliance AD Group.

Tamil politicians and activists

1. SeemanLeader of the Naam Thaamizhar Katchi, this man is vocal in support of Sri Lankan Tamils.

2: Thirumurugan Gandhi:The founder of the May 17, which fights for Sri Lankan Tamils' rights, He was also a supporter of the anti-Sterlite protests, and other civil rights movements.

3. K. RamakrishnanAn activist with decades of expertise. He was with Dravidar Kazhagam but later left to create the Thanthai Periyar Dravidar Kazhagam.

4. Kumaresan:Periyar founded the Dravidar Kamhagam as its treasurer.

Supreme Court Judges, Officials and Lawyers

1. N.K. Gandhi:Former Supreme Court registrar, who worked in the crucial "writ" section.

2. T.I. RajputAnother Supreme Court Register.

3. Justice Arun MishraRetired Supreme Court Judge who is now the head of National Human Rights Commission (NHRC). The potential target of surveillance was a number that had been registered in the name and address of the judge. Sources at the BSNL said that there were no sources. Justice Mishra had the number registered from September 18, 2010 to September 19, 2018. The judge stated that he had given it up on April 21, 2014.

4. Vijay Agarwal: Counsel for fugitive diamantaire Nirav Modi. After signing on as Modi’s lawyer, he was chosen as a target of surveillance. His wife's number was also a potential target.

5. Aljo P. Joseph:Lawyer representing Christian Michel in the Agusta Westland fraud. Amnesty's tech group says that preliminary indications point to Pegasus targeting his iPhone data.

6. M. Thangathurai:A junior lawyer working for Mukul Rohatgi, the former attorney general. He stated that his telephone number is listed under the name of his boss in many places, such as the bank, so that the senior advocate doesn't get disturbed by "routine".

The world's leaders

1. Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador:While he is currently the president of Mexico, he was also targeted before his election in 2018 His aides also were targeted.

2. Emmanuel MacronFrance's president.

3. Imran Khan:The prime minister, Pakistan.

4. Mostafa Madbouly:The prime minister in Egypt.

5. Saad-Eddine El Othmani:The prime minister of Morocco.

6. Barham Salih:The president of Iraq.

7. Cyril RamaphosaThe president of South Africa.

8. Mohammed VI:Morocco's King.

9. Saad Hariri:Former prime Minister of Lebanon.

10: Ruhakana Rugunda:Former prime Minister of Uganda.

11. Noureddine Beoui:Former prime Minister of Algeria.

12. Charles Michel:The current president of European Council is a former prime minister of Belgium.

13. Panah Huseynov:Former prime minister, Azerbaijan.

14. Felipe Calderon:Former Mexican president

Jamal Khashoggi-related people

Jamal Khashoggi was a Saudi dissident and wrote for the Washington Post. Assassins sent by the Saudi government allegedly murdered him at the Saudi embassy. His associates or the investigation into their deaths were all targets or potential targets of surveillance.

1. Hatice CengizTurkish doctorate student engaged to Jamal Khashoggi Her phone was forensically analyzed.

2. Hanan Elatr:Khashoggi was the man she married. Her phone was also forensically examined.

3. Wadah Khanfar:The former director-general ofAl JazeeraTelevision network. His phone was forensically examined.

4. Turan Kislakci:Cengiz was introduced by a Turkish journalist.

5. Irfan FidanChief Turkish prosecutor responsible for investigations into Khashoggi’s murder.

Dubai rulers are individuals who are connected

1. Sheikha Latifa:A member the Dubai royal family, and the daughter of Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum (the UAE's prime minister). She attempted to flee from her father's care but was captured by Indian forces in Goa and brought back to Dubai.

2. Haya bint Hussein:Estranged spouse of Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum

3. David Haigh:British activist and lawyer who participated in the campaign for Sheikha Latifa's release. Pegasus was confirmed by forensic analysis of his phone.

It was the Pegasus India List and will be updating it when we have new information.

[ambitiousbaba]

The Hindu Editorial Analysis : 23rd September 2024

The Hindu Editorial Analysis We understand the significance of reading The Hindu newspaper for enhancing reading skills, improving comprehension of passages, staying informed about current events, enhancing essay writing, and more, especially for banking aspirants who need to focus on editorials for vocabulary building. This article will delve into today’s editorial points along with practice…

[nithiyanantha]

 How to Stay Updated with Current Affairs for the IAS Exam

Staying updated with current affairs is a crucial aspect of IAS preparation. The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) places significant emphasis on a candidate's awareness of national and international events, as it reflects their understanding of the world around them and their ability to make informed decisions. But with the overwhelming amount of information available today, how can you effectively stay updated? Here’s a guide to help you navigate the vast sea of current affairs with efficiency and precision.

 1. Daily Newspaper Reading

One of the most reliable sources of current affairs is the daily newspaper. Publications like The Hindu, Indian Express, and Business Standard offer comprehensive coverage of important events, editorials, and expert opinions. Developing the habit of reading newspapers daily can significantly enhance your understanding of various issues. The best IAS academy in Coimbatore recommends dedicating at least an hour each morning to skim through the headlines, focusing on the most relevant articles that align with the UPSC syllabus.

 2. Monthly Magazines

Monthly magazines such as Yojana, Kurukshetra, and Frontline provide in-depth analysis of socio-economic issues, government policies, and other critical topics. These publications condense a month’s worth of news into detailed articles, offering insights that go beyond the daily news. The best IAS academy in Coimbatore often incorporates these magazines into their curriculum, ensuring that students have access to a well-rounded perspective on current affairs.

 3. Online Resources and Apps

In the digital age, staying updated with current affairs has become more convenient. Websites like PIB (Press Information Bureau), Rajya Sabha TV, and PRS India offer reliable and timely information. Additionally, apps like Inshorts and Daily Current Affairs & GK can provide quick updates, allowing you to stay informed on the go. The best IAS academy in Coimbatore encourages the use of these digital tools as a supplement to traditional study methods, ensuring that students can access information anytime, anywhere.

 4. Notes and Revision

Simply consuming news isn’t enough; you need to retain and understand it. Developing the habit of making concise notes on important topics can be incredibly beneficial. Focus on writing down key facts, figures, and your own analysis of events. This practice not only aids in memory retention but also makes revision easier as the exam approaches. The best IAS academy in Coimbatore emphasizes the importance of regular revision sessions, where students review their notes and discuss recent developments to reinforce their knowledge.

 5. Discussion Groups

Engaging in group discussions with fellow aspirants can offer new perspectives and help clarify doubts. Whether online or in person, these discussions can enhance your understanding of current affairs by exposing you to different viewpoints. It also keeps you motivated and accountable. The best IAS academy in Coimbatore often organizes group study sessions and discussions to foster a collaborative learning environment, where students can share insights and learn from each other.

 6. Mock Tests and Quizzes

To test your knowledge of current affairs, participating in mock tests and quizzes is essential. This not only helps you gauge your preparation but also familiarizes you with the type of questions that may appear in the exam. The best IAS academy in Coimbatore offers regular current affairs quizzes and mock tests, helping students assess their understanding and identify areas that need improvement.

 7. Editorials and Opinions

Reading editorials and opinion pieces is a great way to develop critical thinking and analytical skills, which are crucial for the IAS exam. These articles offer in-depth analysis of current issues, providing you with a more nuanced understanding. The best IAS academy in Coimbatore encourages students to regularly read and analyze editorials, as this practice helps in forming balanced and informed opinions.

 Conclusion

Staying updated with current affairs is a continuous process that requires discipline, consistency, and the right strategy. By combining traditional methods like newspaper reading with modern tools like apps and online resources, you can ensure that you’re well-prepared for the current affairs section of the IAS exam. The best IAS academy in Coimbatore provides a structured approach to mastering current affairs, guiding students through each step to ensure they are equipped with the knowledge and skills needed to excel in the exam. Remember, in the journey of IAS preparation, staying informed is not just an option; it’s a necessity.

[kgsupsccourses]

How Old Current Affairs are Asked in UPSC with Khan Global Studies

Preparing for the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) exam involves a keen understanding of current affairs, which form a significant portion of the syllabus. One common question among aspirants is how old the current affairs asked in the exam are. To address this, Khan Global Studies provides a comprehensive guide on the timeframe and relevance of current affairs in the UPSC examination.

Understanding the Time Frame for Current Affairs

The UPSC exam tests a candidate’s awareness and understanding of recent events. However, the definition of “recent” can vary. Based on trends and expert analysis from Khan Global Studies, here is a breakdown of the typical time frame for current affairs for UPSC.

1. Last One Year

The most critical period for current affairs is the 12 months leading up to the exam. Events, policies, and developments within this timeframe are highly relevant and are most frequently asked in both the Preliminary and Main examinations. Aspirants should focus extensively on this period, ensuring they are well-versed with major national and international events.

2. Last Two Years

While the primary focus should be on the last one year, it is also beneficial to cover significant events from the past two years. UPSC has been known to ask about important policies, schemes, and international agreements that have longer-term implications. Understanding the context and developments from the last two years provides a more comprehensive perspective and ensures you don’t miss out on crucial information.

3. Beyond Two Years

Occasionally, the UPSC may ask questions related to landmark events, policies, or schemes that are older than two years but have ongoing relevance or have significantly impacted current scenarios. For example, major economic reforms, constitutional amendments, or international treaties signed a few years ago but still relevant today can be included. It’s essential to keep track of such landmark events and understand their long-term impact.

Types of Questions Asked

1. Direct Questions

These questions are straightforward, asking about specific dates, events, or personalities. For example, “When was the Goods and Services Tax (GST) implemented in India?” Such questions usually cover events within the last year but can occasionally refer to significant historical events.

2. Analytical Questions

These questions require a deeper understanding and analysis of current events. For example, “Analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on India’s healthcare system.” Such questions often cover developments from the last one to two years, requiring candidates to understand the context and implications.

3. Linked Questions

UPSC often links current affairs with static syllabus topics. For instance, a question on environmental policies might ask about the recent COP26 summit’s resolutions and their impact on India’s climate change strategy. These questions typically cover events from the past year or two, linking them to broader topics.

Preparation Tips

To effectively cover current affairs, Khan Global Studies recommends the following strategies:

Regular Reading: Stay updated with daily newspapers like The Hindu and The Indian Express.

Monthly Compilations: Use monthly current affairs magazines from Khan Global Studies for a summarized and focused review.

Note-Making: Maintain categorized notes to streamline revision.

Mock Tests: Regularly practice with mock tests and quizzes to evaluate your preparation.

Conclusion

Understanding the timeframe of current affairs asked in UPSC is crucial for targeted preparation. By focusing on events from the last one to two years, while also keeping track of significant older events, candidates can ensure a comprehensive preparation strategy. With expert guidance and resources from Khan Global Studies, you can stay updated and confident in your current affairs knowledge, enhancing your chances of success in the UPSC exam. Stay informed, stay organized, and approach your preparation with diligence.

[vsplusonline]

The Economic Times continues to grow, daily readership crosses 1.1 million

New Post has been published on https://apzweb.com/the-economic-times-continues-to-grow-daily-readership-crosses-1-1-million/

The Economic Times continues to grow, daily readership crosses 1.1 million

New Delhi: The Economic Times, India’s leading business daily, has further strengthened its leadership, as per the findings of the latest edition of the Indian Readership Survey (IRS) 2019 Q4. ET has gained 263,000 readers, underscoring the importance of credible and accurate information and analysis in a challenging economic environment. The research spans a period of November 2018 to March 2020, and compares with the Q3 reporting period of August 2017 to November 2019.

Indian business dailies added 270,000 readers to their monthly readership during this period, almost all of it accruing to ET.

Business Standard gained 45,000 readers, while Mint (a fall of 32,000) and The Hindu Business Line (down 5,000) lost readers in the same period.

As a result, The Economic Times is today read by over 4.4 million readers every month, using a metric called Total Readership (TR). Nearly a quarter of them — 1.1 million — read the newspaper daily. Daily readership is measured by Average Issue Readership (AIR). This is nearly double the combined readership of all other business papers put together (TR of 2.2 million and AIR of 620,000).

ET Fourth Among all English Dailies ET occupied the fourth position among all English language dailies using both methods, TR and AIR. Times of India, our sister publication, continued to occupy the top position with Total Readership of 17.3 million.

Interestingly, the new readers attracted to ET continue to be young, affluent and well educated.

Nearly 87% of new daily readers are below the age of 40. Almost all belong to NCCS A category. And three-quarters of all 1.1 million daily readers of ET hold either a graduate or a higher education qualification.

Barring a tenth of our daily readers, all others claim to spend 15 minutes or more with the paper daily. In terms of their relationship with this newspaper, 88% of ET’s readers do not read any other business paper.

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[jvias]

The Hindu Newspaper Editorial Analysis Today

                              The Hindu Editorial Analysis

With the launch of yet another innovative feature, the Jatin Verma's IAS Academy is assisting candidates in their quest for the IAS designation. Current affairs are the foundation of the Union Public Service Commission civil service exam, and any aspirant wishing to pass the exam should be up to speed with the current news and events that influence the nation.

Newspapers are the most reliable source of current events study material, and specialists unanimously agree that the newspaper " The Hindu Editorial Analysis" is extremely valuable in this regard. We at Jatin Verma's IAS Academy have developed a new video news analysis tool that is both convenient and helpful, especially in light of the extensive curriculum and a large amount of reading material that an aspirant is required to cover throughout their preparation.

It is a daily feature that offers an analysis of the day's events as published in The Hindu Editorial Analysis in a concise and well-explained manner that will undoubtedly enhance your grasp of the topic and also provide you with useful insights and recommendations for structuring and composing replies to the questions. Furthermore, because they are videos, you may watch and learn from them at any time and from any location.

The videos are brief, with an average duration of no more than 30 min each video - making them excellent for working aspirants and those who are short on time! Together with our Extensive Newspaper Analysis, the Daily Video Analysis of The Hindu will provide you with a great shift against the much-feared current events part of the IAS examination.

                              Top Online UPSC Coaching in Delhi

Top Online UPSC Coaching in Delhi is preferable to offline sessions since students and teachers can communicate and share opinions more easily. Students do not need to devote time and effort to class trips. Self-disciplined and dedicated self-students are ideal candidates for online education. The nice part about online IAS coaching is that it is less expensive than offline sessions. If you don't understand something, you can record and watch a lesson later. You can reach out to your teachers and get answers to your questions quickly.

Top 5 Online IAS Coaching institutes

1.      Jatin Verma's IAS Academy: Among the Top Online UPSC Coaching in Delhi, it is one of the Best Online IAS Academies, providing preparation in both online and offline modes with highly experienced professors and mentors at an affordable cost to assist aspirants to pursue their dream of being a public official.

2.      Byju’s Classes: Byju's is India's most inventive and disruptive educational technology company. They provide order fulfillment coaching classes prepared by specialists for all key exams such as UPSC, JEE, NEET, and others.

3.      Unacademy: Thousands of students who are taking Online UPSC coaching choose Unacademy. Students get the help and affection they need to ace their exams thanks to economical coaching programmes and a vast online community.

4.      Vision IAS: They are a group of IAS sociologists with extensive experience who have proved their abilities in the UPSC Civil Service Exam and qualified for various government positions.

5.      ALS: Another excellent online coaching for the UPSC examination is ALS IAS Coaching. Their online classes cover all of the topics in the UPSC syllabus. Their highly qualified faculty can assist you with topic revision. They also offer preparation materials for the next mains exam.

[lupine-publishers-sjpbs]

Lupine Publishers | Marital Captivity Under the Era of Globalisation: A Sociological Analysis

https://lupinepublishers.com/psychology-behavioral-science-journal/

Lupine Publishers | Scholarly Journal Of Psychology And Behavioral Sciences

Introduction

India has been ranked 114 in a list of 128 countries closely followed by Nepal (125) and Pakistan (126) on the Global Gender Gap report by the World Economic Forum (WEF). “The data captures the magnitude of the gap between men and women in critical areas including economic participation and opportunity, political empowerment, educational attainment, health and survival, female life expectancy and sex ratio at birth [1].” The incidence of crimes committed against women in India has seen a continuous rise over the years. Crimes against women increased [2]. However, the reported number of cases of marital captivity may grossly underestimate the true number of women experiencing marital captivity as many incidents go unreported owing to a lack of effective documentation, the stigma of victimization in Indian society, and fear of social disorganisation, all of which may inhibit distraught women from soliciting help. The condition of violence committed against women may be traced at its roots to the characteristically patriarchal structure of the family and society at large that fosters the imbalanced power ratio between men and women. The colossal transcendence of women in the work economy of the country since independence has had little effect in eliminating violence against them. There is a case of cruelty by husbands and relatives every nine minutes, and one dowry-death case every 77minutes [3]. Crime against women touched a new high in 2007 with 185312 registered cases of crime against women. The dowry deaths alone totaled at 8093 with 75930 other cases registered under the 498A cases of cruelty by husband or relative against the married women. In a recent study conducted by Family Health Survey it has been found that nearly five crore married women in India suffer from Marital captivity. Just 1 out of 1000 cases of marital captivity case gets reported. And out the 100 cases that are investigated under 498A of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), the accused gets conviction only in 2 cases.

The reported cases of marital captivity in India represent only the tip of the iceberg which means vast majority being socially and institutionally invisible4. As the “iceberg” image suggests, recorded or official cases represent only a minimal portion of the problem of family violence in society. The majority of cases of violence fall “below the water line”, invisible both socially and institutionally. In India, this iceberg theory has been reiterated by several studies, research papers and experience of NGOs working for the victims of marital captivity. For example, according to NFHS-3 Study5, which was conducted in 2005-06, where 124,385 women in the age group of 15-49 years were interviewed. Overall, 39% of currently married women age 15-49 have ever experienced any physical or sexual or emotional violence in their current marriage and 27% have experienced the violence in the past 12 months. Thus, among all currently married women who have experienced physical, sexual, or emotional violence, more than two-thirds (68%) have experienced the violence in the past 12 months and are likely to be still at risk.

In India safe 2000 multi-site study of nearly 10,000 households, 40 percent of the women reported experiencing at least one form of physical abuse and 26 percent reported severe physical abuse, including being hit, kicked, or beaten. UNFPA also reports that 40% of the women in India suffer marital captivity and abuse from male partner. Those that come forward often do so only after abuse have escalated to a point of severe, life-threatening violence. Records from the Special Cell for Women and Children in Mumbai, established by the Police Commission to provide a range of support services to women and their families, revealed that 43 percent of women endured marital captivity for 3-17 years before complaining to police6 (Dave and Solanki 2000). Census 2001 data shows that a total of 2,367,72,617 women are married. according to NFHS -3 data. 81% of currently married women age 15-49 who have ever experienced physical or sexual violence by their current husbands, the first time was within five years of marriage. It also reports that 37% of currently married women aged 15-49yrs have experienced physical or sexual violence, and one in seven of all currently married women, have suffered an injury due to violence by their husbands.

Changing Institution of Marriage in India

Indian marriage systems are going through a major transition due to the impact of globalization on basic social values and institutions. The institution of marriage can be assessed by comparing and contrasting traditional and contemporary marriage patterns. The traditional pattern was marked by prominence of arranged marriages which were primarily oriented towards creating alliances between two families through “classical matchmakers” such as family priests and relatives. In such a marriage there was only a minor role for the bride and bridegroom in the context of decision-making regarding the marriage. Contemporary marriage, however, is based more on an understanding between the aboutto-be-married man and woman along with attention to the views of family elders. New “mediators” such as the media (matrimonial columns) and marriage bureaus have also emerged, contributing to the rise of a nationwide, and sometimes transnational, system of information and choice-making in the context of marriage.

Similarly there is a noticeable shift from an exclusive focus upon the physical attributes of the bride and economic assets of the bridegroom to the intellectual and economic characteristics of the bride and personality-related attributes and career prospects of the bridegroom. Today, we see a slight shift in the way traditional marriages are arranged. The strong presence of the audio, video, and print media, supported by the Internet has influenced the marriage scene tremendously. Open any newspaper on a Sunday and you will see hundreds of advertisements of prospective brides and grooms. Type the word “matrimonial” in any search engine, and see the list of countless websites for Asian marriages, Indian marriages, Hindu marriages, Muslim marriages, and Christian marriages. These matrimonial advertisements may sound amusing to the west, but they are pervasive not only in India but in the entire South Asian region. In earlier times, people tended to live in joint families and it was easier to find the prospective bride or groom from amongst the relatives of the family members. For example the eldest daughterin-law of the house could suggest her maternal aunt’s daughter as a match for her younger brother-in-law. However, as traditional families started breaking up, and people started moving to cities for work, this form of arrangement started to break down. So there was a need for an alternative system of finding the ideal bride or groom. And the print media such as newspapers and magazines came to the rescue. The audiovisual media soon followed. Today, the print media and the Internet provide the easiest and fastest method for finding a suitable partner. The role of “marriage arranger” who used to be a priest or a relative has been taken over by the new media. Marriage Bureaus are popping up like mushrooms. Depending on how much you are willing to pay, they do anything from giving the “right advertisement” in the media, scrutinizing the resumes, sending the selected resumes for your approval, arranging the meeting of the two families, and also undertaking private investigation to check for the character and the details mentioned in the resume of the prospective candidate. They plan the weddings and take commission as a percentage of the amount spent on the marriage! Needless to say their businesses are booming because they keep themselves updated with the latest trends in the marriage market. A glance at the marriage advertisements confirms that religion, caste and sub-caste continue to dominate as criteria for spousal selection. The advertisements are arranged according to the castes and sub-caste and invite responses from families belonging to the same class or caste. The only change, over time, is in the method by which marriages are arranged, and not in the parameters by which a suitable match is evaluated.

Marriage, Market and Dowry Related Violence

The major influence that has been cast by globalization is an over-exposure to, and increased presence of worldly pleasures and luxury items, which are now essential items of dowry. The markets are flooded with household goods such as refrigerators, televisions, audio systems, DVD players etc. The bride’s family is expected to give the latest model of these branded items as dowry or gifts at the time of marriage. It is an issue of prestige and the status of the family depends upon it. Dowry (and bride price in certain communities) has always had a universal presence in Indian marriage. The list of items in dowry or items given as gifts to the groom’s family has changed over the years according to the market trends. But they are all there in some form. The more educated the boy, the more the demand for dowry and the more lavish the party. The dowry can vary from household items to fancy cars and apartments. The story does not end here. The bride’s family is also expected to throw a lavish and extensive marriage party, which may be preceded by cocktail dinners and Ladies Sangeet (a day when songs of marriage are sung), and the Mehndi Night (where henna is put on the hands and feet of the bride by her friends and relatives). The bride’s family has to spend a huge amount to call the party to sing the marriage songs and the henna could cost anywhere from Rs. 100 (US$2.20) to Rs. 10,000 (US$220) for a hand depending upon the social status and the family’s ability to pay. Beauty parkours would charge anywhere between Rs. 2000 (US$44) and Rs. 20,000 (US$440) for the bridal make-up. There are “month before marriage” beauty packages available that could cost anywhere between Rs. 5,000 (US$110) and Rs. 20,000 (US$440) [4-6].

The bride’s family is also expected to pay for all the rituals that precede the marriage and that happen at the time of marriage. This includes the fee of the priest, the arrangements made for the rituals, and the gifts to be given to the boy’s family and the relatives. Polishing schools are also flourishing, and it is the fashion to attend these schools before marriage. Since most households are large families, where the boy shall be staying with his parents even after marriage, the innovators in the marriage market have started “Training Schools for Prospective Daughters-in-law”, where the girls are being trained on how to get along with their mothersin-law and how to fit exceptionally well into the traditional role of an ideal daughter-in-law. These schools are gaining popularity amongst the middle-class. The India daily soap opera industry is highly influenced by the marriage institution, and barring a few T.V. serials, which have few takers, the entire visual media is dominated by the “Mother-in-law & Daughter-in-law” episodes. These T.V. daily soaps on one hand show the “New Woman”, who is independent, intellectual, and a decision-maker and on the other hand show women as traditional, homemaker, and the ideal daughter-in-law. This new image of women, for which the serial directors are largely responsible, (though they would say that they make films only about what the people want to see), puts them in a double-edged bind. A woman is supposed to work and earn for the family as well as do the household chores with the same vigor and enthusiasm as their non-working mothers-in-law display or used to display. This double jeopardy is a result of the new marriage norms that have been slowly evolving.

The boy looks for a girl who is beautiful, smart, intellectual, and sporty because she has to accompany him at all company dinners and parties and yet she should be traditional because she has to gel with his mother and father and fit into the traditional role. The roles of men are changing, but for women they are causing an excess burden. A look at the marriage advertisements shows that the boys’ families look for a fair, slim, convent-educated, professional girl from a respectable family. Some even hint at the expected dowry. They also want a working girl. In addition to all this, the girl should also be homely and should know cooking and be able to manage the house. Moreover, there is no decrease in the amount of dowry, even if the girl possesses all the desired characteristics. The latest National Crimes Record Bureau data shows that dowry deaths and torture by husband has been increasing. If we include all the marriage related violence, the data shows that there is a consistent increase in cases related to dowry deaths and violence by husband and his family on the bride. Moreover, among all categories of CAW, Cruelty by Husband and Relatives has shown an increase of 20.3 between the years 2006 to 2007. Thus, the globalization and economic power in fact are precipitating marital captivity because there is a greater demand of resources. There is an increasing need of commodities and luxuries.

Institutional Mechanism: Protection of Women from Marital Captivity

This enactment is a big step in the direction of fighting marital captivity against women and goes a long way in protecting the women from violence in a domestic set up. Women could always approach the Courts under the IPC but the provisions were never so expansive. The term ‘marital captivity’ has never been used in IPC nor is it a gender specific law. The criminal law basically dealt similar cases of cruelty against married women, all other acts of marital captivity were not specifically criminalized. Also, no protection or residence orders were given to enable the woman to continue staying in the matrimonial house. This greatly restricted the women from approaching the Courts as most of them are dependents on their assailants and live under the fear of being turned out. The PWDVA is a civil law, where the aim is to provide relief to the aggrieved woman. The magistrate can pass Protection orders, residence orders, compensation orders, grant monetary relief under this law.

For the first time, marital rape has been recognized as an offence under this Act. The Act also provides for appointment of Protection Officers and Registered Service Providers to aid the aggrieved woman in accessing justice. The act, by and large, is a valuable piece of legislation. It provides protection to women, without considering their religion, and hence affords protection from discriminatory personal laws. The responsibility of the implementation lies on the executive, that would go on to prove the actual effectiveness of the Act.

Democratization for Combating Marital Captivity

In order to effectively combat marital captivity, we must closely examine why our society has ignored or denied this issue. The most important reason is that in world men and women are not equal socially, economically or politically, in both private and public life. This inequality reflects the strong patriarchal structure of the family and society as a whole. This unequal status continues despite a constitution which clearly guarantees equality between the sexes. The fallouts of the process of globalization and market forces on growing marital captivity against women can be combated effectively if the family and society give equal power to women and the state mediates and facilitates the democratization of the family by enacting gender just laws and formulating and implementing gender just policies and programs. Women participation and access to resources is actually a manifestation of the democratic processes that exist within the Family, the Society and the State. The more democratic the structure, the more is the power given to women.

There are three Steps to Democratization for Combating Marital Captivity:

a) Democratization of family to allow women to be equal partner in decision making

b) No discrimination between sexes in society

c) Equal representation of women in state

These three conditions must co-exist to eliminate violence against women. If one of these conditions is missing, violence remains in the life of women. For example, In United States, the family is individualized, the society apparently does not discriminate between sexes, but the violence persists because the women are not equally represented in Parliament and decisionmaking bodies. In Sweden, women have reached in appreciable numbers in the Parliament and other decision-making bodies. They are more or less equally represented in state structures. But this alone has not been able to curb violence. In closed family system of highly industrialized nation such as Japan, women form an appreciable part of the work force. However, the family is not democratized and women are also not represented in equal number in state institutions. They continue to suffer violence. Looking at India, the Indian family is highly undemocratic, women representation at state and national structures is negligible and the society is devoid of gender justice. However, in the wake of globalization, which is throwing new challenges, is there also a hope or a possibility of molding the market forces to the advantage of the women? Possibilities such as where the family structures start to democratize, women come forward to participate in the political process and the society starts valuing the contribution of women.

Conclusion

The process of globalization is not new. The globalization of the economic, social, cultural and political structures happened in all ages. Earlier the pace of such a process was so slow that we hardly noticed it. However, today with the advent of the information technology, newer means of communication have made the world a very small place. Not only the pace of the globalization process, but the penetration and integration of the changes induced in our day to day life has made the impact of globalization many fold higher. With this process the world has become one huge marketplace. However, fallout of such a process is that increasing marital captivity has been reported in most of the countries including industrialized nations, as a result of family fragmentation and loss of social support systems in marriage. Accompanying the increased burden for women is an increase in the level of all forms of violence, including marital captivity. It has been seen that when the society imposes sanctions against the perpetrators of violence, the women are empowered to exert for their rights. Only when the family and the society are democratized, the status of the women is strengthened. At this time, it becomes the duty of the state to facilitate and strengthen the process. The solution lies in the fact that women empowerment approach to combat violence against women should be well integrated and interwoven into all policies and programs of the governments. Women should be equal partners not only at the public places but should have adequate control of their own resources.

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[electionsintheworld]

Elections and Nationalism - Andy Wilson

Because many of us were not alive to witness how these behemoths of international interconnectivity manifested, it would sometimes seem as though they are innocuous. However, the rise of isolationist and nationalist tendencies stemming from the elections of great western powers threaten this stability.  

Typically, such trends are observed when the U.S. turns away from it’s founding liberal principles. This can be examined thoroughly when reviewing the recently elected U.S. administration.

Trump has started rejecting these principles as he has honed in on historically protectionist attitudes. These sentiments are responsible for his growing antipathy towards multilateral agreements like NAFTA, which follow the same justifications of the implementation as other historically protectionist policies, such as the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act (June 17, 1930). In summation, this act attempted to protect domestic farmers and manufacturers by passing a series of tariffs resulting in a 20% tax on multiple imported goods. Subsequently, it invited other nations to do the same. Within two years nearly a dozen countries adopted similar “beggar-thy-neighbor” policies.[1] Channeling these sentiments, Trump has threatened similar protectionist policies that have caused other nations to respond in kind. While this political rhetoric energizes a candidate’s base, it has similar effects on the nations such policies touch. 

Already, Mexico has already threatened retaliatory measures towards Trump’s suggestion of increasing tariffs on Mexican imports by proposing their own tariff on American Textiles, a $6.5 billion trade industry.[2] While these contentions usually become resolved, they leave scars of xenophobia behind. 

When these formal relationships begin to deteriorate, it reverberates down to micro-levels. The populations within these states, which are most affected by such measures, perceive it as an attack on their own identity. This subsequently creates resentment within their nation, thus manifesting their own isolationist and nationalist sentiments. Such a trend can largely be seen in Muslim majority nations, which after decades of anti-middle eastern policies., increasingly led to these populations having an unfavorable view of the United States and causing them to embrace their own nationalist ideologies.[3]

 Immigration policy is a large contributing factor to this. When candidates from western powers gain traction from resisting the tides of immigration, historical trends show that other states will follow. No better context demonstrates this than the growing resistance from far-right nationalist candidates in the U.S. towards asylum seekers escaping conflicts in the Middle East, and the paralleling restrictive immigration policies of the 1920’s. Many political parties within Europe, in both instances, looked to U.S. policy to justify their own.

An early examination of this trend can be seen after the Quota Acts of 1921 and 1924, which saw the rise of scientific racism and xenophobia lead to the rejection of international cooperation within the U.S., and causing other European powers to adopt similar policies.[4]  This trend is still evident today. In the recent Austrian presidential election, Norbert Hofer, of the Freedom Party of Austria, called for restricting Austria borders (primarily to Muslims), and protested liberal trade agreements made with the European Union; all policies which mirror those of President Trump.[5]   

An analysis of the 2015-17 elections indicate that these isolationist sentiments are fielding an unprecedented number of far right, ultra-nationalist candidates. From extremely starch conservative nationalists in Europe, like French candidate Marine Le Pen and Dutch candidate Geert Wilders, to rising nationalist tides in Russia, and South Asian states like India’s Hindutva (Hindu nationalist) groups, the global community is seeing a noticeable resurgence of these sentiments.[6] The election of Donald Trump has established American policy as the new torch bearer for the legitimacy of this nationalist political wave. For example, May Norbert Hofer’s anti-immigrant Freedom Party came close to winning the presidency with 49.7% of the vote, one of many nationalist candidates in Europe who almost won in 2016.[7]

An omen that should be recognized is the dichotomy between this push for isolationism and the rise of nationalism. As resentments form against global interconnectivity, nationalistic tendencies will materialize. Trends have shown that this will then spread. Europe saw this trend occur multiple times after the Napoleonic wars, the first of which in the late 19th century with the dissolution of feudalism, and again in the 1930’s with the rise of fascist regimes in places like Italy, Germany, and Spain.[8] Without the trust built between nations from interconnectivity, they will return to a state of nature, threatening the fragile global tranquility we have spent generations fostering.

The success of these complex, multilayered, institutionalized relationships, is predicated on the participation of the United States in the process. If the United States allows their own politics to relegate itself to a hermetical hegemon, it will eventually seep into the elections of even more nations. If history has shown us anything, this is a dangerous precedent.

[1]The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. “Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2 Aug. 2016, <www.britannica.com/topic/Smoot-Hawley-Tariff-Act>

[2] Gillespie, Patrick. “Mexico Warns Trump on Tariffs: We’ll Respond ‘Immediately’.” CNNMoney, Cable News Network, 14 Jan. 2017, <money.cnn.com/2017/01/14/news/economy/donald-trump-mexico-tariffs-response/index.html.>

[3] Rosentiel, Tom. “Arab and Muslim Perceptions of the United States.” Pew Research Center, 9 Nov. 2005,

<www.pewresearch.org/2005/11/10/arab-and-muslim-perceptions-of-the-united-states/>

[4] Massey, Douglas S, and Karen A. Pren. “Unintended Consequences of US Immigration Policy: Explaining the Post-1965 Surge from Latin America.”Population and development review 38.1 (2012): 1–29. Print.

[5] Ulansky, Elena, and William Witenberg. “Is Nationalism on the Rise Globally?” The Huffington Post, TheHuffingtonPost.com, 31 May 2016, <www.huffingtonpost.com/elena-ulansky/is-nationalism-on-the-ris_b_10224712.html.>

[6] “League of Nationalists.” The Economist, The Economist Newspaper, 19 Nov. 2016

<www.economist.com/news/international/21710276-all-around-world-nationalists-are-gaining-ground-why-league-nationalists>

[7] Hirsh, Michael, et al. “Why the New Nationalists Are Taking Over.” POLITICO Magazine, 27 June 2016, <www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/06/nationalism-donald-trump-boris-johnson-brexit-foreign-policy-xenophobia-isolationism-213995.>

[8] Germani, Gino. Authoritarianism, Fascism, and National Populism. Transaction Books, NP: 1978.