#theworkingprincipleofaircraft

[engineeringalls]

How do aircraft fly? Working principle of Aircraft you should know.

In this post, we will be discussing the following topics; how the aircraft operate, How lift is generated in an aircraft?, what is thrust and how does it affect aircraft operations?, how an aircraft Combats/overcomes weight, Different phases of aircraft flight, Read the full article

[engineeringalls]

DETAILS OF AIRCRAFT AND ITS WORKING PRINCIPLES

  A SPACE ROCKET IN ACTION

A MODEL OF HIGH-SPEED JETPLANE COMPARISON BETWEEN HELICOPTERS AND AIRPLANES The airplanes are known for speed and ability to carry heavy loads into the air with fewer momentum engines fixed on them, unlike the helicopters which require large momentum engines like turbines or diesel engines which will also have extreme speed. Airplanes have wings for lifting and control some models have the engines attached to the wings or fixed at the front of the airplane bot helicopters use their engines for lifting and the blades adjustment provide the control, their engines are usually fixed to face upward creating enough space for the blade to rotate and provide the thrust needed. Airplanes are streamlined to slide in the air helping their weight to be sustained by the wings and body shape the two provides very low air resistance to the airplane. While helicopters do not use wings or streamlining feature to sustain their weight or slide in the air. If a clash or an engine failure occurs in the airplane, it will fall down through a slow and steady deceleration in a projectile method, while in the case of helicopter it will fall down directly from the up. Helicopter lands in a helipad which is small and easy to set up and can also land in any other place which made it useful for mobility, private uses, and monitoring jobs. While planes will need a landing and taking off space which needs to be smooth and long like the airports but small planes had been seen to land and take off in places like the football fields and less busy tared roads. HOW DOES AIRCRAFTS WORK? (THE WORKING PRINCIPLES OF AIRCRAFT) The working principle of aircraft had been said in the introduction and is based on the fact that any machine capable of overcoming gravitational force known as the force of gravity usually rated theoretically as 9.8m/S2 can fly in the air. The way a machine achieved that is not a problem but the fact remains that it must overcome gravity to be able to be in the air. This implies that any machine built for the purpose of flying in the air and is not able to achieve that has not overcome gravitational force. Overcoming the force has no specification of engine size, machine design, or shape of the machine rather it all go down to theoretical calculations in regard to the producer’s size of engine, shape, and the overall design. Small aircraft may not be able to fly or be sustained in the air while big aircraft may achieve that, it is a matter of calculations and proper designing. AIRCRAFTS DESIGN CONSIDERATION AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS When planning to produce an aircraft there are many considerations in regard to the design, type of the aircraft and the intended use, etc. The production of aircraft will start from paper works in the form of drawings to all the calculations needed. The data obtained from the calculations are used to decide the size and type of engine to be used. The calculations will also provide the possible weight the aircraft should have and the maximum loads it can carry and such will be used to determine the kind of material to be uses in building its body and skeletons and the supposed engine weight. Calculations will also reveal if the intended shape can be used or if streamlining will be needed, bearing in mind that good design means less size of the engine and more efficient aircraft. The intended use of the aircraft will determine if it can be a helicopter, airplane, rocket, or balloon, it is a serious consideration. All the listed considerations are focused on reducing cost and improving efficiency. AIRCRAFTS CONTROL SYSTEMS Control had been a major issue to the aircraft especially the modern super-fast aircraft. Helicopters can be controlled through their blades’ raising and lowering mechanism and the tail blade helps to provide stability and quick turning. Airplanes can be controlled with their wings, the tail wings movement causes the airplanes’ directional turning, and the wide center wings movement will cause the lifting and landing operations of the airplanes. Balloon aircrafts turning effects can be controlled by wind direction using a pedal design or solid frame and the adding or reducing of the gases or the hot air in the balloon for lifting and lowering operations. The control of the three types mentioned above seem to be easier when compared to the rocket control, rocket control system is gradual and slower than all the above three types due to the high speed and the same is with other fast moving machines powered by jet engines and rocket engines. SAFETY ASPECTS OF AIRCRAFTS The balloon aircraft can be said to be the safest but they have the disadvantage of very low speed if technical issues develop the aircraft can slowly land itself somewhere without any serious injury to those in it. The next safer aircraft can be the airplanes with the advantage of high speed and wide wings they can move in the air with a sliding or gliding effect to overcome air resistance. The wings provide a substantial support in suspending the body in the air helping the airplane to have a diving landing in the case of any technical failure or clash, such will help to reduce casualty to the people it if the aeroplane lands successfully in a plane ground but that will not be the case if it is heavy and landed with speed. Some small airplane has parachute in them usually located at the top which acts as an alternative for emergency or accidental landing. The rockets and all the super-fast aircraft as an improved technology used recently for important missions like the space research and military strikes they are yet to make serious records regarding accidents and technical/mechanical failures. The considerations used when building them had contributed to the low accident records. However, in the event of a foreseen accident, clash, or approaching bomb, etc. many of them have automatic ejection technology that helps their pilots and crew to be ejected into the air with the parachutes attached to their body just by pressing a button, thus making them the safest category of aircraft. Few accidents had been recorded so far in regard to rockets and super-fast jets use by the military and the space research institutes if compared to the number of accidents recorded for airplanes. Some of this type of aircraft has parachute installed in them for a safe landing in the case of engine failure or lack of fuel. The helicopters have a higher risk when compared to others which are based on their design and working principle. As a static lift method aircrafts, they do not use wings which could aid in air resistance if any fall occur and most of them have no parachute support. Except a helicopter falls inside a water, otherwise; it will leave serious casualty or fatality if it falls on a ground. Those who board helicopters do wear a personal parachute or swimming vest if the helicopter will be flying over a water parts, to make emergency escape in the case of such incident, parachutes are used when the helicopter will be flying over the solid ground and helps to make a quick escape in the case of a fall. PROBLEMS OF AIRCRAFTS There are problems usually seen in aircraft and problems which affect the aircraft's operations especially the modern helicopters, rockets, and airplanes such are listed below: NOISE: IC engines, jet engines, and rocket engines do cause serious noise in any aircraft using them such that the pilots will always wear ear muff or ear plug. CLASH: from the history of engine propelled aircrafts clash had been a major problem and the factors that can cause it are many ranging from lack of control by a pilot, windstorm, engine failure, to broken wing or parts. Airplanes have a higher record of air clashes than others. FATIGUE: fatigue in NDT inspection term is an invisible weakness of materials especially metals which will lead to internal invisible injuries and failure of the material that can only be discovered through NDT inspection methods like the radiographic and magnetic methods. Most plane clashes whose causes are unknown had been attributed to the fatigues in the plane which were not detected earlier. Aircraft deteriorate from their external body to the internal components over time. Whenever fatigue is detected and found to be serious the aircraft is usually discharged from the duty to avoid the possibility of a clash if it goes into the air to face the air resistance. ENGINE FAILURE: No aircraft can have 100% safety in it, sometimes issues of engine failure can occur even when proper maintenance was done on it. Engine failures may have contributed to over 50% of all the aircrafts clashes in the world. LOSS OF SIGNAL: during freight aircrafts operators known as pilots need regular communication to obtain needed information as they are advancing to their destination and such information can include the road map, weather conditions, and landing space authorization, etc. Loss of signal is a particular problem associated with aircraft and has the potential of creating conditions for a clash. FUTURE AIRCRAFT DESIGNS Predictions had been made on the possibility of future commercial aircraft becoming remotely controlled or programmable, which will make them become self-piloted aircraft. The research and development to this prediction have already begun.             Read the full article