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How to Flange Out a Stainless Steel Pipe: 5 Best Tips to Use Steel Pipe Flanges 

A pipe flange is a mechanical device that serves the purpose of joining the pipes together. It can be in the form of a welding neck where it is welded to a pipe or other butt-weld fittings.

The threaded flange or flange collar is screwed to the flange with a companion pipe. Other methods include using a lap joint to make connections using a stub end, as well as the common slip-on and socket weld connections.

Here are five tips for using the steel pipe flange for the first time:

Slip-on flanges for low-pressure services

The preference of slip-on flanges is mainly by the users who prefer flanges that are easy to use, have less installation time, and have low cost.

In addition, they are helpful for non-critical low-pressure services like firewater, cooling water, and other non-challenging pipework owing to their strength being approximately 1/3 lower than that of a weld neck flange, depending on the assembly. The pipe gets welded to the flange hub and bore.

If you want to check on the integrity of the slip-on connection, a magnetic particle, a simple visual test, or even a PT test are the approaches you can follow. You can use the slip-on flanges, which come in a variety of sizes greater than NPS ½ (DN 15).

Socket weld flanges in high-pressure pipe works

If you do high-pressure pipework below 2 inches (DN50), a socket weld flange is preferable when space is constrained. It would help if you filleted weld the pipe to the socket weld flange hub. 

A good welding flange experience is crucial to make the connection, since a radiographic examination on the fillet weld is not easy to execute.

If, however, the connection is visual and critical, examination alone will not be enough if it carries out the magnetic failure or penetrates particle tests to check the connection strength.

Lap joint flange in high-cost material pipelines

The working of lap joint connections is good for pipelines that are in high-cost materials such as stainless steel and nickel alloys. It dramatically reduces the total cost of all flanged connections, which is required. The stub end, which has been welded to the pipe, and the backing or lapped flanges are used to make a lap joint connection.

You may, for instance, use the stainless steel stub end combined with a carbon steel lap joint flange for a good welded connection at lower costs. This is becoming an increasingly common alternative as the volatility of steel prices becomes an issue.

Connecting weld neck flanges to the butt weld for good performance

There is a tapered hub on the weld-neck flanges. It comes with an end that’s finished as a butt weld and can be connected to butt weld pipe and fittings. 

You can examine the weld’s quality with ultrasound radiography or visually do it.

The welded connection of weld neck flange or pipe flange features good fatigue as well as mechanical stress performance.

Skilled professionals execute the pipe flange joint process

Trained personnel must be the ones to execute flange joint seals. It helps to prevent dangerous leaks from happening in the pipeline. 

With the first time use of steel pipes, a properly trained engineer must be the one to execute flange ring joint connections and reference the correct bolt torque data.

Conclusion

Steel pipe flanges are often the best solutions to your multi-stage pipe assemblies, but the material grade is also of concern. 

Stainless steel is a corrosion-resistant, durable, strong metal, making it an excellent choice for flange fittings in the gas and oil industry when carbon steel will not suffice. 

If you want more information on steel pipe flanges, contact Texas Flange.

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Key components for piping systems with a flange connector

Flange connector play a crucial role in the assembly of piping systems. These essential components help join pipes, valves, pumps, and other equipment securely. The versatility of flange connectors makes them an integral part of many industries, from construction to chemical processing.

What is a flange connector?

A flange connector is a mechanical part that allows two pipes or other components to be joined together. It provides a reliable and leak-proof connection that can withstand high pressure and temperature. Flange connectors are often used in systems requiring frequent disassembly and reassembly, such as in maintenance-heavy industries.

Types of flange connector

There are different types of flange connectors, and they can be categorized based on their design and functionality.

Flange adaptor: This is a type of flange connector designed to adapt pipes of different sizes or materials. It acts as an intermediary that connects two parts of a piping system that might not fit directly.

Adapter flange: Similar to a flange adaptor, this component helps join pipes of varying sizes. It can also be used to change the type of connection from one flange style to another.

Flange adapters: These are multiple flange adaptors that can be used in larger piping systems to provide flexible connection solutions.

Flange adapter: A single unit that serves as a connection piece, typically designed to help fit pipes that are not compatible without it.

Why are flange connector important?

The importance of flange connectors lies in their ability to create tight, secure connections between pipes and components. Some of the main benefits include:

Leak prevention: Flange connector provide a tight seal that minimizes the risk of leaks, even under high pressure.

Flexibility: With various types of flanges available, systems can be modified or adjusted without having to replace entire sections of pipe.

Durability: Flange connectors are made of materials designed to withstand harsh environmental conditions, offering long-lasting performance.

Applications of flange connectors

A flange connector is used in many industries, including:

Oil and gas: Essential for transporting fluids under high pressure.

Water treatment: Used to join pipes carrying water or wastewater.

Construction: In various building systems requiring fluid transfer.

Chemical processing: Used to safely connect pipes handling dangerous chemicals.

Why choose Texas Flange?

If you're looking for high-quality flange adaptors, adapter flanges, or any type of pipe flange connector, Texas Flange is your trusted source. We offer a wide range of reliable, durable flanges to meet your specific needs.

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All About Ring Joint Gasket Flanges

A ring joint gasket flanges is a specialized sealing component used in high-pressure and high-temperature applications, primarily in the oil and gas, petrochemical, and power industries. These gaskets are designed to form a reliable seal between RTJ flanges and provide a secure connection in critical piping systems. 

Available in various ring joint types, such as RTJ gaskets and ring gaskets, they ensure leak-proof seals that are essential for maintaining system integrity. Standards like API 6A govern the specifications and manufacturing of these gaskets, ensuring safety and performance in demanding conditions.

Relevance of the ring joint gasket

Ring type joint flange face surfaces are an increasingly popular option regarding flange connections. RTJ Flanges are a good alternative to raised face in certain applications. Typically, higher pressure and temperature projects use Ring Type Joints.

They provide a more effective sealing solution to media critical pipeline and pressure vessel infrastructure. Although only an option in ANSI/ASME class flanges, they are the required standard surface sealing in API specification flanges.

This is due to the fact that API flanges typically operate at a higher pressure in comparison to their ANSI/ASME flange counterparts.

The seal of an RTJ gasket occurs under the force of closing the bolt and hardware after mating one flange to another. Typically, the gaskets are made of softer material than the metal of the flanges they are sealing.

The most common of these materials is a soft iron. Slow and steady pressure on the hardware of the flange “crushes” the gasket within the ring joint surface. This helps to prevent any type of leakage during operation of the flange assembly.

Ring Type Joint gaskets are designated by an “R” number. R gaskets are available in oval type and octagonal configuration. Given the smooth sealing surface of ring joint faces, both configurations are virtually interchangeable.

When in doubt, higher pressure and temperature applications typically call for ring joint facings. When optimal surface sealing is necessary, ring gasket type joint flanges are the ideal choice.

Choosing the right ring joint gasket flanges is crucial for ensuring a reliable, leak-free seal in high-pressure environments. Whether you're working with RTJ flanges or other critical piping components, using the correct RTJ gasket can prevent costly failures and downtime. 

Always ensure compliance with industry standards like API 6A when selecting ring gaskets for your applications to guarantee optimal performance and safety.

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Understanding what is a lap joint

Lap joints are a key component in woodworking and metalworking. These joints are designed to join two pieces of wood or metal together by overlapping them. Lap joints are known for their strength and versatility, making them a popular choice in a variety of projects, from furniture making to construction.

What is a lap joint?

A lap joint is a type of joint where two pieces of material overlap each other, typically at a right angle. It’s commonly used in woodworking and metalworking for connecting two pieces of wood or metal, creating a strong bond.

In a lap joint, one piece of material is cut so that it partially overlaps the other, providing a stable and durable connection.

How do lap joints work?

Lap joints work by overlapping two pieces of wood, metal, or other materials, allowing for a large surface area to be glued, nailed, or screwed together. The strength of the joint depends on the combined thickness of the pieces being joined and how well the surfaces are aligned and fastened. 

This type of joint is often used in picture frames, furniture, and construction where strength is required, but aesthetic considerations are not the primary focus.

Types of lap joints

There are several types of lap joints, each offering different advantages and suited to various applications. Let’s look at the most common ones:

Half lap joint: In a half lap joint, both pieces of wood are cut halfway through their thickness. This means each piece is cut to half the depth, and when overlapped, the combined thickness is the same as the original thickness of the wood. 

This joint is strong and simple to make, making it ideal for furniture like picture frames and other projects that need a secure yet discreet joint.

Full lap joint: A full lap joint is when one piece of wood overlaps the entire width of the other piece. This joint provides maximum strength but is more visible than the half lap joint. It’s commonly used in structural applications where strength is the primary concern.

Cross lap joint: A cross lap joint involves cutting both pieces of wood so they intersect each other at right angles. This type of joint is often used in framing and structural applications, providing a secure connection without the need for extra hardware.

Dovetail lap joint: The dovetail lap joint combines the features of a traditional dovetail joint and a lap joint. The tail and pin shapes of a dovetail provide additional holding power, making this joint ideal for furniture and cabinetry where both strength and aesthetics are important.

Advantages of what is a lap joint

Lap joints offer several benefits, including:

Strength: The overlapping surfaces create a strong bond that can handle weight and stress, making it suitable for various construction projects.

Simplicity: Lap joints are relatively easy to create, especially when using basic tools like a saw and chisel.

Versatility: Whether for woodworking or metalworking, lap joints are highly adaptable to different materials and can be used in various applications.

Durability: These joints hold up well over time, resisting shifting and damage under pressure.

Combining different types of joints

In some advanced woodworking projects, combined lap joints are used. This means that different types of lap joints (like half lap and full lap) are combined to create an even stronger bond. This approach is typically used in larger construction projects or custom furniture pieces where strength and durability are paramount.

If you're looking for high-quality flanges for your next project, Texas Flange offers a wide selection of flanges tailored to your specific requirements.

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Blind Flange

A blind flange is a solid steel piece with no bore (interior diameter) and primarily designed to cap off a line. 

As the majority of flange connections allow for the passing through of air or fluid via an interior opening, blinds give the ends of pipe connections a well-formed termination point or rerouting of the media in question towards another portion of the pipe assembly. 

Opt for a blind flange in these cases, as well as in instances when a pipe line requires a future modification, such as the installation of a valve or fitting to reroute flow.

The majority of blind flanges are of basic constitution, require minimal machining compared to other flanges, and weigh more than most options given the lack of a bore. 

Although these are typically provided as blanks to match up to slip on and weld neck flanges, we offer them custom machined as well. Popular alterations include NPT threads in the center, as well as custom bore holes to function as slip on flanges without hubs.

Blind flanges can also be furnished with high hubs on higher pressure applications (most API 6BX blinds have high hubs as a requirement).

The three most popular forms of face connections for blind flanges are typically going to match the mating flange in question. 

These include raised face, flat face, and ring joint (RTJ) face seals. The first two are more common in basic sealing applications, with RTJ being the face of choice for higher pressure applications.

In specifications from decades past, including B16.1 and other industrial standard cast steel requirements, blind flanges would often contain a slight recess in the center portion of the raised face. 

This recess allowed for the mating of the end of pipe into the connecting flange and allowing for a seal to form between this connecting flange and the blind. 

The larger OD blind flanges opted for a concave recess through the body of the blind to create a dished head formation at the top of the flange. 

As the older cast iron specification is relatively obsolete, most blind flanges will not be made in these styles. Instead, opt for a modern blind flange with or without a hub.

Ensure the safety and efficiency of your pipeline system with a high-quality blind flange. Designed to handle various pressure ratings and equipped with precision-engineered bolt holes, blind flanges provide a reliable seal for isolating sections, conducting maintenance, or testing. 

Their robust design ensures durability and performance under demanding conditions. Don’t compromise on quality when securing your operations. Contact us today to find the perfect blind flange for your system and experience unmatched reliability and peace of mind!

What is a blind flange?

A blind flange is a flat, circular plate used to close or seal the end of a pipe or pipeline. It is commonly used in piping systems to block off flow and prevent the escape of fluids, gases, or other materials. 

Blind flanges are available in various sizes and materials to match the specific requirements of the pipeline they are used with.

What are the advantages of blind flanges?

Blind flanges are relatively simple to install and remove compared to welded or bolted pipe closures, and they provide a secure seal for the end of a pipe, preventing leaks and ensuring that the pipeline remains pressurized or safe.

When should I use a blind flange?

When a pipeline is not in use or needs to be closed off temporarily, a blind flange is the ideal solution to seal the end and prevent leaks.

Blind flanges are useful during maintenance operations where sections of the pipeline need to be sealed off while work is carried out on the system.

When should I not use a blind flange?

Blind flanges completely block off the pipe, which makes them unsuitable for applications where continuous flow of liquids or gases is necessary.

In situations where a significant amount of pressure or fluid velocity is present, the blind flange may not provide a reliable seal or could potentially fail under extreme conditions.

What are the different types of blind flanges?

Blind flanges are available in various types, including slip-on flanges, threaded flanges, weld neck flanges, and socket weld flanges.

These types allow for flexibility in choosing the best blind flange depending on the specific requirements of the pipeline system, such as pipe size, pressure, or installation method.

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What is the Function of a flange and How Does it Work?

The flange industry is wide, and it offers customers a reliable way to connect pipe systems with the various valves, equipment, and other components of virtually any processing system. Flanges are the second most used joining method after welding.

What a Flange is?

A flange is a crucial component in piping and engineering systems. The flange meaning refers to a flat, disc-shaped piece used to connect pipes, valves, pumps, or other equipment. 

Flanges provide easy access for cleaning, inspection, or modification of a system. They are typically bolted together and sealed with gaskets to ensure a tight connection. 

Understanding what is a flange is essential in industries like construction, oil, and gas. Flanges come in various types, such as weld neck, slip-on, and blind, to meet different requirements.

If you use flanges, it adds flexibility when you need to maintain piping systems. It also allows for easy disassembly and improved access to system components.

A typical flanged connection is composed of three parts:

Bolting

Gasket

Pipe flanges

In many cases, specific bolting and gasket materials are made from the same or approved materials as the piping components you wish to connect. For example, stainless steel flanges are the top choice among some of the most common flanges. However, flanges are available in a wide range of materials, so matching them with your needs is crucial.

Other common flange materials include Chrome Moly, Inconel, Monel, and many others, depending on the application.

The best option for your needs depends on the system in which you intend to use the flange and your specific requirements.

Common flange types and characteristics

Flanges are not a one-type-fits-all kind of solution. If we keep the sizing aside, matching the ideal flange design to your piping system and intended usage will help to ensure optimal pricing, a long service life, and reliable operation.

Here are the most commonly available flange types:

Threaded flanges

It is also known as a screwed flange and has a style with thread inside. The flange bore fits with the matching male thread on the fitting or pipe. 

The threaded connections mean you can avoid welding in many use cases. If you simply match the threading o the pipes, you wish to connect.

Socket-weld flanges

Ideal for small pipe diameters in low-pressure and low-temperature scenarios, socket-weld flanges feature a connection where you place the pipe into the flange and then secure the connection with a single multi-pass fillet weld. 

As a result, it makes the style simpler to install compared to other welded flange types while avoiding the limitations associated with the threaded ends.

Slip-on flanges

Slip-on flanges are quite common and are available in large-size ranges. It can accommodate systems with high flow rates and throughput. 

You intend to connect if you match the flange to the outer pipe diameter. Installation is slightly more as you will need to fillet the weld on both sides to secure the pipe flange.

Lap joint flanges

Lap joint flanges require butt welding of the stub end to the fitting or pipe with a backing flange to create a flanged connection. 

The design makes this style popular for use in systems with physical systems or space that requires frequent maintenance and dismantling.

Weld neck flanges

Weld neck flanges need butt welding for installation. However, its performance, integrity in the systems with multiple repeat bends, and the ability to use them at high temperatures and high pressure make them a top choice for processing piping.

Blind flanges

Useful for isolation or terminating piping systems, blind flanges are essentially boltable blank discs. 

When you install them properly and combine them with the correct gaskets, it can achieve an outstanding seal that is easy to remove when needed.

Specialty flanges

The flanges types listed above are quite common. However, various specialized flange types are available to suit various environments and uses. 

Other options include reducing flanges, orifice, expanding flanges, weld flanges, and nipo flanges.

Flange Facing Types: Making the connection

The design is just a start when you consider the ideal flange for your piping system. Face types are another characteristic that greatly impacts your flanges’ service life and final performance.

Facing types determine the gaskets required to install the characteristics and the flange related to the seal created.

Common face types include:

Flat Face (FF)

Raised Face (RF)

Ring Joint Face (RTJ)

Tongue and Groove (T&G)

Male & Female (M&F)

Most face types offer one of the two finishes: smooth or serrated. Choosing between the options is crucial as it will determine the optimal gasket for a reliable seal. 

In general, smooth faces work best with metallic gaskets, while serrated faces help create stronger seals with soft material gaskets.

Flanges Dimensions: The Proper Fit

Apart from the functional flange design, flange dimensions are the most likely factor that impacts the flange choices when updating, maintaining, or designing a piping system. 

First, however, you must consider how the flange interfaces with the pipe and the gaskets in use to ensure proper sizing.

Common considerations include:

Nominal bore size

Pipe size

Bolt circle diameter

Thickness

Outside diameter

Flange classification and service ratings

The above characteristics will influence how the flange performs across various environments and processes.

Flanges are often classified based on their ability to withstand pressures and temperatures. It is designated using a number and either ‘class,’ ‘lb,’ or ‘#’ suffix. These suffixes are interchangeable but will differ based on the vendor or region.

Common classifications include:

150#

300#

600#

900#

1500#

2500#

Flange markings and standards

To make the comparison easy, flanges fall under global standards established by the ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) – ASME B16.5 & B16.47.

If you are attempting to verify or replace the existing parts, all flanges must include the markers, typically on their outer perimeter, to aid in the process.

Conclusion

The above guide offers you a solid foundation of the basics of flange design and how to choose the ideal flange for your piping system. 

However, with a wide range of stainless steel flanges or other available flange materials, it is impossible to list every consideration, detail, or configuration.

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Flange Types Basics

Flanges provide a reliable and efficient way to connect pipes and other components. Additionally, they help ensure the security of the system.

What Is A “Flange”?

Per Merriam Webster , ” A rib or rim for strength, for guiding, or for attachment to another object”.

In layman’s terms, a flange is a part that allows two objects to be mated together through various processes. (Pipe to Pipe, Pipe to Tank, Pressure Vessel to……etc)

A flange serves as a protruding rim or collar employed to link two pipes or other constituent parts. Flanges are typically made of metal but can also be made of plastic or other materials.

Flanges are used in a variety of applications, including:

Piping systems:

Flanges play a crucial role in connecting pipes across various industries, such as oil and gas, chemical, or even water treatment.

Machinery:

Flanges are also used to connect components in machinery, such as engines and turbines.

Structural applications:

Flanges, such as bridges and buildings, are also used in structural applications.

Flanges are typically classified by their type, size, and material. The flange type depends on the application and the type of connection required. 

The size of the flange is determined by the diameter of the pipe or other component it will be connecting. The application and the environmental conditions determine the flange's material to which it’ll be exposed. 

Flanges are an important part of many engineering systems. They provide a reliable and efficient way to connect components and transfer fluids and gases.

Check out the options below for more Flange Basics!

Flange Types

Blind Flanges

Lap Joint Flanges

Slip-On Flanges

Socket Weld Flanges

Threaded Flanges

Weld Neck Flanges

Custom Flanges

Flange Specs

Flange Specifications

AWWA Flanges

ANSI Flanges

ASME Flanges

DIN Flanges

JIS Flanges

Flange Materials

Alloy Pipe Flanges

Carbon Steel Flanges

High Yield Flanges

Plate Flanges

Stainless Steel Flanges

Chrome Flanges

Duplex Flanges

Titanium Flanges

Custom Flanges

In conclusion, selecting the right flange type is essential for ensuring safety, efficiency, and durability in any piping system. Weld neck flanges, known for their strength and reliability, are ideal for handling higher pressures due to their seamless connection via butt welds. 

Other options, such as slip-on or lap joint flanges, cater to specific applications where flexibility or cost savings are priorities. Each flange type offers unique advantages depending on your system’s needs. 

Explore the full range of flange varieties available at Texas Flange to find the perfect solution for your project. Visit us today and learn more!

Which of all types of flanges is most often used?

The slip-on flange is one of the most commonly used flange types due to its ease of installation and cost-effectiveness. It is widely applied in low-pressure, non-critical systems where welding is required but precise alignment is not crucial.

What are three 3 basic flange face types?

Raised Face (RF): Features a small raised area around the bore for better gasket compression, commonly used in high-pressure applications.

Flat Face (FF): A flat surface across the flange face, suitable for low-pressure systems and softer gasket materials.

Ring Type Joint (RTJ): Features a grooved face that accommodates a metallic ring gasket, designed for high-pressure and high-temperature environments.

What is the strongest type of pipe flange?

The weld neck flange is the strongest type of pipe flange. Its long, tapered neck provides superior stress distribution and structural integrity, making it ideal for high-pressure and high-temperature systems, as well as applications involving severe conditions like vibration or thermal expansion.

What are the different types of flange?

The main types of pipe flanges include weld neck flange, slip-on flange, socket weld flange, lap joint flange, threaded flange, blind flange and ring type joint (RTJ) flange.

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Lap Joint Flange

Lap joint flanges are also known as Backup flanges, Loose Ring flanges, Loose Hubbed flanges, and Van Stone flanges.

Choosing the right flanges for your industrial application is crucial. It entirely depends on the requirement of the intended application.

Lap joint flanges are suitable for piping systems, allowing easy disassembly, while rolled angle rings are suitable for structural applications to create curved or rounded shapes within various structures.

Examine your project requirements and prepare a list. If you need a fitting that can be effortlessly assembled, disassembled, or made from different materials, then a lap joint flange is an ideal choice.

Are you looking for something more rigid and challenging to disassemble? A rolled-angle ring is the best choice for you.

The hubs are typically taller than a slip on style and can be modified per your requirements. Slip ons in higher pressure classes are often made with the height of a lap joint for a better connection. 

If the hub height is not a concern and a lap joint is not readily available, customers will sometimes opt for a slip on made to a lap joint style with a machined hub.

Often times, a stub end will be made of a special material grade (nickel alloy), with the lap joint consisting of basic carbon or commodity stainless, in order to reduce the overall cost of the connection. 

Naturally, we recommend that both items are of the same grade for the purposes of uniformity, but your application will determine what’s best and/or necessary.

Lap Joint Flanges and Rolled Angle Rings

Various industries, including piping and structural applications, use industrial flanges. Lap Joint Flanges and Rolled Angle Rings are two components that play crucial roles in numerous operations.

The primary difference between lap joint flanges and rolled angle rings is that rolled angle rings are only available in a butt-weld configuration. 

On the other hand, lap joint flanges come in both butt-weld and slip-on variations. In contrast to the backing flange on a rolled angle ring, the backing flange on a lap joint flange is free to rotate.

Lap Joint Flanges

1) Lap joint flanges are a two-piece design with a backing flange and a rolled angle ring.

2) It is available in butt-weld and slip-on configurations.

3) Different materials are used for the backing flange and the rolled angle ring.

4) The backing flange allows for easier alignment because it is free to rotate.

Rolled Angle Rings

1) Rolled angle rings is a two-piece design with a rolled angle ring and a backing flange

2) It is available in butt-weld configuration.

3) Just like Lap joint flanges, different materials are used for the rolled angle ring and the backing flange

4) The backing flange is not free-to-rotate in roll angle rings compared to lap joint flanges.

Which Type of Fitting is Right for you?

Choosing the right flanges for your industrial application is crucial. It entirely depends on the requirement of the intended application.

Lap joint flanges are suitable for piping systems, allowing easy disassembly, while rolled angle rings are suitable for structural applications to create curved or rounded shapes within various structures.

Examine your project requirements and prepare a list. If you need a fitting that can be effortlessly assembled, disassembled, or made from different materials; then a lap joint flange is an ideal choice.

Are you looking for something more rigid and challenging to disassemble? A rolled-angle ring is the best choice for you.

What is a lap joint flange?

A lap joint flange is a type of flange that consists of two parts: a stub end (welded to the pipe) and a loose flange (which slips over the stub end). 

This design allows for easy alignment and disassembly without welding to the pipe itself. The loose flange can rotate, enabling the connection to be aligned with bolt holes even if the pipe's alignment is slightly off.

What are the advantages of lap joint flanges?

Lap joint flanges are more affordable than many other types of flanges because they require less labor (no welding to the pipe) and can be manufactured with fewer materials.

Because the loose flange can rotate, it can be adjusted to fit any misalignment of bolt holes or slight positioning differences between pipe ends, making installation easier.

When should I use a lap joint flange?

When minimizing costs is a priority, lap joint flanges offer a less expensive alternative to more complex flange types, particularly when welding to the pipe is not necessary.

If the system requires regular maintenance, inspection, or part replacement, lap joint flanges make it easier to disassemble and reassemble without special tools or welding.

When should I not use a lap joint flange?

Lap joint flanges are not recommended for high-pressure applications because the design does not provide the same strength or seal integrity as other flanges, such as welded or slip-on flanges, in high-pressure environments.

In applications where there is severe vibration or significant movement (such as in machinery or dynamic systems), lap joint flanges may not provide the necessary seal integrity or stability, as the loose flange may shift or loosen under intense vibration.

How do I install a lap joint flange?

Weld the stub end (a part of the lap joint flange) securely onto the pipe using the appropriate welding method. Slip the loose flange over the stub end. The loose flange can rotate, allowing you to align it with the bolt holes on the other side of the pipe or flange.

Position the flange so that it fits over the stub end with the bolt holes properly aligned with the corresponding holes on the other flange.

Insert the bolts through the aligned holes of both flanges and tighten them evenly using the specified torque, ensuring a secure connection.

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Slip-On Flange

Slip-on flange is a popular type of pipe flange designed to accept pipe into the bore/center of the flange for welding around both the Outer Diameter (OD) of the pipe and on the interior side of the connection. You may recognize them:

The slip-on flange is a simple and excellent alternative to a weld neck as it does not have a weld bevel, and therefore allows the pipe to be adjusted in length relative to its position of the flange. 

The bore of the slip on will give ample amount of space for the matching pipe. This allows for enough working space for the welder and fabricator to make the connection.

This flange type is extremely common in lower pressure applications. Most slip on style flanges will have a hub, which will often appear similar dimensionally to a raised face. It can be furnished without a hub if space is limited and the application allows for a “ring style” slip on. 

Although the hub style is more common when referring to a slip on, a ring style slip on without a hub still falls under the category of a slip on flange, and can be called out as you desire. 

Slip ons in higher pressure classes are often made with the height of a lap joint for a better connection. If the hub height is not a concern and a lap joint is not readily available, customers will sometimes opt for a slip on made to a lap joint style with a machined hub.

Slip on flanges are more commonly found in lower pressure assemblies and become less utilized when a higher stress service calls for a superior connection to the piping assembly.

This is because a slip on style flange will accept a pipe with a fillet weld connection, whereas a weld neck flange will have a reinforced hub at the base and form a weld bevel connection directly to the butt weld end of a pipe. This tapered hub allows for stronger service in a mechanical stress environment.

Slip-on Flanges

Types of Slip-On Flange Welding

Slip-on (SO) flanges come in two main types: SO welding plate flanges and SO welding hubbed steel pipe flanges. 

These flanges balance integral and lap joint flanges with a straightforward design and easy processing. Consequently, slip-on flange welding finds extensive applications in various fluid pipelines.

Raised Face Slip-On Flange

The raised face slip-on flange features a small protrusion on its bottom face. This raised face serves as a designated area for gasket placement during installation, enhancing the overall sealing performance.

RTJ Slip-On Flange

In the case of RTJ slip-on flanges, a small groove is precision-machined on the raised face section. This unique RTJ design is intended explicitly for high-pressure applications, providing a compelling groove for gasket ring placement and ensuring superior sealing compared to the RF type.

What is a slip-on flange?

A slip-on flange is a type of pipe flange that slides over the pipe's end and is secured with bolts that align with pre-drilled holes. 

It is designed with a slightly larger bore than the pipe to allow it to "slip on" easily before fastening. It is commonly used in low to medium-pressure systems.

What are the advantages of slip-on flanges?

The design allows for quick assembly without the need for complex welding or alignment, making them ideal for projects where time is a factor.

Slip-on flanges are typically less expensive than other flanges, such as weld-neck or blind flanges, due to their simpler design and manufacturing process.

When should I use a slip-on flange?

These flanges are not designed to handle high-pressure or high-temperature systems, so they are ideal for standard applications where pressure is not a concern.

When budget is a critical factor and the application does not require the strength and durability of more expensive flanges, slip-on flanges are a cost-effective option.

When should I not use a slip-on flange?

Slip-on flanges are not designed for high-pressure systems and may fail or leak under extreme pressure.

The design of the slip-on flange does not provide the same resistance to vibration as other flange types, like welded or socket weld flanges, which can lead to connection failure over time.

How do I install a slip-on flange?

Ensure the end of the pipe and the inside of the slip-on flange are free of debris. Slide the slip-on flange over the pipe end. The flange should fit snugly but not require force.

Rotate the flange as necessary until the bolt holes of the flange align with the matching holes on the pipe or pipe fitting. Insert the appropriate bolts through the aligned holes. 

Tighten the bolts in a criss-cross pattern to evenly distribute pressure and achieve a proper seal.

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Threaded Flange

Threaded flanges, also sometimes referred to as companion flanges / screw flanges / NPT flanges, contain a female NPT thread in the center for connection to male NPT threaded piping. 

It is worth noting that threaded flanges are common when creating reducing connections. Other thread styles are available for machining, aside from the standard NPT form as designated by the ASME B16.5 specification.

The most popular threaded flanges range in ½ inch to 6” nominal pipe size, but we are able to offer NPT threaded flanges up to 24” if necessary. 

The amount of additional machining and labor hours which go into producing a larger diameter threaded connection make them less popular than a slip-on or weld neck configuration. 

It may be of significantly beneficial use for an application which requires connecting and disconnecting from time to time. The male pipe end is joined to the flange without a weld connection required but can be sealed with a weld if necessary, especially for safety of pipe fittings.

This weld seal would defeat the purpose of a threaded flange as a structural option, as its primary advantage is to assemble and disassemble the connection. 

For the purposes of pressure vessel equipment, the weld seal can be applied if the user is certain they would like to keep the pipe and flange assembly sealed permanently.

Threaded flange connections are often a requirement when a male NPT pipe connection is utilized and the media in question is highly reactive or explosive in nature, which is why NPT/threaded companion flanges are commonly utilized in API oilfield service. 

This API 6A specification also allows for a male thread flange connection, but this is much less common than the female NPT in the center.

What is a threaded flange?

A threaded flange is a type of pipe flange that features internal threads on its bore, allowing it to be directly screwed onto the external threads of a pipe. 

This design eliminates the need for welding, making it a convenient choice for pipes that cannot be welded, or in situations where welding is not desirable.

What are the advantages of threaded flanges?

Threaded flanges can be easily screwed onto a pipe without the need for welding or additional sealing methods, making them quicker and more straightforward to install or remove.

Threaded flanges are typically less expensive than welded or slip-on flanges, as they don't require welding labor or specialized equipment.

When should I use a threaded flange?

Threaded flanges are best used in applications where the pressure is not very high, as they are not designed to withstand the stresses associated with high-pressure systems.

For systems that need regular maintenance or replacement of parts, such as temporary piping installations or testing setups, threaded flanges allow for easy assembly and disassembly.

When should I not use a threaded flange?

Threaded flanges are not suitable for systems where high internal pressures are involved, as the threads may fail or leak under such stress.

In applications with significant vibration, threaded flanges may not hold securely over time, leading to loosening and potential leakage.

How do I install a threaded flange?

Clean the pipe threads and the inside of the flange to ensure a secure and leak-free connection. Align the threaded flange with the pipe and screw it onto the pipe’s threaded end by hand until it is snug.

Use a wrench to further tighten the flange onto the pipe. Be careful not to over-tighten, as this can damage the threads or pipe. Optionally, use thread sealant or Teflon tape to prevent leaks in lower-pressure systems, ensuring a tight seal.

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Weld Neck Flange

Weld neck flange welding are the most popular flange type with a neck extension with a weld bevel at the end. This type of flange is designed to butt weld directly to pipe to provide a superior and relatively natural form connection. 

In larger sizes and higher pressure classes, this is almost exclusively the type of flange connection utilized. If only one bored flange style existed in modern applications, the weld neck would be your flange of choice.

Advantages of Weld Neck Flanges

Steel welding neck flanges (WN flanges) are a top choice for industries requiring durability and strength in high-pressure systems. 

Their unique design reduces stress concentration at the base, ensuring reliability in demanding environments. A reducing weld neck flange provides an ideal solution for connecting pipes of different sizes while maintaining system integrity. 

With raised face and other face types available, these flanges offer versatility for various applications. The tapered hub design facilitates smooth stress distribution, making weld neck flanges a superior option for long-term performance. 

Weld neck with matching bevel to pipe

The weld bevel joins to a pipe end with a similar bevel in a V-type connection which allows for a uniform circular weld around the perimeter to form a unified transition. 

This allows for the gas or liquid within the pipe assembly to flow with minimal restriction through the flange connection. This weld bevel connection is inspected after the weld procedure to ensure that the seal is uniform and lacking anomalies.

The other noticeable feature of the weld neck flange is the tapered hub. 

This type of connection provides a more gradual distribution of pressure forces along the transition from the pipe to the base of the flange, helping to withstand some of the shock from use in a higher pressure and higher temperature operating environment. 

The mechanical stresses are limited given the extra steel material along the hub transition.

As higher pressure classes require this type of flange connection almost exclusively, weld neck flanges are often made with a ring type joint facing (otherwise known as RTJ face). 

This sealing surface allows for a metallic gasket to be crushed between the grooves of both connecting flanges to form a superior seal and complement the high strength weld bevel connection to the pressurized pipe assembly. An RTJ weld neck with a metal gasket connect is the primary choice for critical applications

Ring joint gaskets for RTJ weld necks

LONG WELD NECK FLANGES

Also known as nozzle flanges or “long neck” flanges, these items were designed specifically with the pressure vessel and tank fabrication industry in mind. 

They are usually made as a one-piece construction with the intention of replacing a standard weld neck and pipe weld combination. The lack of a necessary weld connection is the defining feature of this flange style.

They usually have one straight thru bore with a square cut end (instead of the typical weld neck bevel). Generally, the bore size of the long weld neck is the exact same as the actual nominal pipe size but can be changed as necessary. 

The overall length of the nozzle flange is also up to the end user, and the body of the nozzle can be modified to some pre-existing sizes or custom sizes for additional reinforcement. 

The base of the neck connecting to the base of the flange is slightly radiused to alleviate the abrupt perpendicular connection between both portions of the flange and to solidify the idea of a reinforced one piece construction.

CAD rendering of a LWN

Per ASME B16.5 subsection 2.8, these flange styles are also known as “straight hub welding flanges” and are given minimal detail in the governing specification. 

This is due to the fact that long weld necks are chosen on a per-application basis, depending on the particular engineering requirements of a given tank or pressure vessel. 

The operating pressure, temperature, and media of the vessel are all critical factors in determining just what type of long weld neck flange connection you require.

Aside from standard long weld necks, Texas Flange also offers a variety of nozzle connections with varying wall thicknesses. 

Reinforced barrel flanges in nozzle form are an option when your pressure vessel requires a stronger outlet connection and can be provided with barrel thickness you desire. 

Please contact us regarding your specific application as we can provide nozzle flanges in all commercially available material grades, including carbon, stainless, and nickel alloys.

What is a weld neck flange?

A weld neck flange is a type of pipe flange characterized by a long, tapered neck that extends gradually from the flange face to the base of the pipe. 

The design provides a smooth transition between the pipe and the flange, reducing stress concentration and enhancing structural integrity. Weld neck flanges are typically used in critical applications that demand a robust and leak-proof connection.

What are the advantages of weld neck flanges?

The tapered neck allows for even distribution of mechanical stress, making these flanges ideal for high-pressure and high-temperature environments.

The welded joint provides a seamless, leak-proof connection, especially crucial in hazardous or critical fluid systems.

When should I use a weld neck flange?

High-pressure systems, such as oil and gas pipelines, where the integrity of connections is paramount.

High-temperature applications, like steam systems in power plants or chemical processing, where stress resistance is critical.

High-vibration environments, such as reciprocating pumps, compressors, or turbines, where the flange needs to resist movement and fatigue.

When should I not use a weld neck flange?

Avoid weld neck flanges in low-pressure or non-critical systems, where simpler and less expensive alternatives, like slip-on or lap joint flanges, would suffice. And in a cost-sensitive projects, as weld neck flanges require precise welding, skilled labor, and rigorous inspection, leading to higher costs.

How do I install a weld neck flange?

Cut and bevel the end of the pipe to match the taper of the weld neck flange neck.

Clean both the pipe and flange surfaces to ensure a good weld and prevent contamination.

Align the flange face with the mating flange or equipment to ensure proper fit and avoid misalignment, which can cause leaks.

Use alignment tools or temporary tack welds for precise positioning.

Perform a butt weld to join the beveled pipe end to the neck of the flange.