the-logicmaster-blog

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I don't think Evolution is true because the clergyman certainly implied that it never happened.

Argumentum ad Verecundiam

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Begging the Question

You: Are you hungry?

Me: No.

You: Why?

Me: Because i'm full.

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Argumentum ad Misericordiam

Nurse: You can't have a cigarette now. The hospital has a rule against smoking when you're in an oxygen tent.

Patient: You've just got to let me have one. You can't believe what those doctors have done to me. My life in the last three days has been a living nightmare.

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Atoms are not visible to the naked eye. Humans are made up of atoms. Therefore, humans are not visible to the naked eye.

Composition

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Dicto Simpliciter

Latin, meaning: “from a saying without qualification”

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Argumentum ad Populum

Person A: Did you really need such an expensive computer?

Person B: Of course. Everybody else in the America has one. [Bandwagoning] Besides, it's the American thing to do. [Flag waving]

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Equivocation

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No one has ever established that Fermat's Last Theorem is really a theorem. So, it must not be one.

Argumentum ad Ignorantiam

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Square of opposition

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Tu Quoque

Ryzza: I really thought you were a little rude to her.

Bimby: Why are you criticizing me? she was rude to me first!

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Recap

What is a Fallacy?

- a frequently committed mistake in reasoning.

Two types:

1. Formal fallacies - is a common error of thinking that can neatly be expressed in standard system of logic. An argument that is formally fallacious is rendered invalid due to a flaw in its logical structure. Such an argument is always considered to be wrong.

- In Categorical syllogism, formal fallacies are committed when any of the eight rules of syllogisms are violated.

2. Informal fallacies - is committed when the stated premises fail to adequately support its proposed conclusion. The problem with an informal fallacy often stems from reasoning that renders the conclusion unpersuasive.

              3 main classifications of informal fallacies:

1. Fallacies of Irrelevance - these fallacies present evidence that is not really relevant in establishing the claim for which they are arguing.

2. Fallacies of Presumption - these fallacies make unwarranted assumptions in their premises. 

3. Fallacies of Ambiguity - also called “Fallacies of language”. These fallacies are the most difficult to recognize. They all involve a mistake in reasoning that is based on a misunderstanding about meaning and language used in the argument. 

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LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING

LOGIC, is one of the main features of critical thinking. It allows people to enhance the quality of the arguments they make and evaluate arguments constructed by others. It is also an essential skill in academic disciplines.

“CRITICAL THINKING is a desire to seek, patience to doubt, fondness to meditate, slowness to assert, readiness to consider, carefulness to dispose and set in order; and hatred for every kind of imposture.” – Francis Bacon (1605)

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TERMS

We have learned that man invented language for communication purposes. He coined words, symbols, and terms by which to express his ideas and thoughts.

Term is the verbal expression of an idea.

Terms may be classified according to quantity, quality, comprehension and relation.

-term from the Latin word, terminus

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Millennial struggles. [Via @awkwardyeti]