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Main Languages Spoken in Pakistan

Pakistan is a linguistically diverse country with a rich cultural heritage, home to numerous languages spoken across its provinces and regions. Each language reflects the identity and traditions of its people. Here are some of the main languages spoken in Pakistan:

Urdu

Urdu is Pakistan’s national language and serves as a unifying medium across the country. It is widely spoken and understood, especially in urban areas. Urdu poetry and literature hold a special place in the cultural landscape of Pakistan. Explore Urdu phrases for travelers.

Sindhi

Sindhi is spoken in Sindh province and is known for its ancient literary heritage and deep connection to Sufi poetry. The language is written in a script derived from Arabic and is rich in folklore and traditional music. Learn Sindhi phrases to connect with locals.

Punjabi

Punjabi is the most spoken language in Pakistan, primarily in Punjab province. It is vibrant and expressive, famous for its folklore, songs, and Bhangra dance. The language is written in Shahmukhi script in Pakistan. Discover Punjabi phrases for your trip.

Pashto

Pashto is spoken in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and parts of Balochistan. It is a key part of the Pashtun culture, rich in oral traditions, poetry, and hospitality practices. It has its own script and distinctive linguistic style.

Balochi

Balochi is the primary language of Balochistan. It has ancient roots and is influenced by Persian and Arabic. The language is known for its storytelling traditions and epic poetry.

Seraiki

Seraiki is spoken in southern Punjab and parts of Sindh. Known for its soft and melodic tone, it is closely related to Punjabi and has a strong tradition of folk music.

Brahvi

Brahvi is a Dravidian language spoken in Balochistan. Its unique linguistic roots make it distinct from the surrounding languages. It is often associated with the cultural identity of the Brahvi-speaking tribes.

Shina

Shina is spoken in Gilgit-Baltistan and is a key language in the mountainous northern regions. It is vital to preserving the oral traditions and stories of the region.

Broshiski

Broshiski is an isolate language spoken in Hunza and Nagar Valleys. It has no known linguistic relatives and is treasured for its cultural significance.

Balti

Balti is a Tibetan-origin language spoken in parts of Gilgit-Baltistan, including Skardu. Its script and traditions reflect a mix of Buddhist and Islamic influences.

Chitrali (Khowar)

Khowar, or Chitrali, is spoken in Chitral and surrounding valleys. It is known for its poetic nature and deep connection to the region’s mountainous culture.

Makrani

Makrani is a dialect spoken by communities in southern Balochistan and coastal Sindh. It blends influences from Balochi, Sindhi, and Swahili, reflecting the area's maritime heritage.

Learn Local Languages with Travel & Culture

Travel and Culture in Pakistan offers specialized tours for those interested in learning local languages and exploring the cultural diversity of the country. Find more at Travel & Culture.

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Main Languages Spoken in Pakistan

Pakistan is a linguistically diverse country with a rich cultural heritage, home to numerous languages spoken across its provinces and regions. Each language reflects the identity and traditions of its people. Here are some of the main languages spoken in Pakistan:

Urdu

Urdu is Pakistan’s national language and serves as a unifying medium across the country. It is widely spoken and understood, especially in urban areas. Urdu poetry and literature hold a special place in the cultural landscape of Pakistan. Explore Urdu phrases for travelers.

Sindhi

Sindhi is spoken in Sindh province and is known for its ancient literary heritage and deep connection to Sufi poetry. The language is written in a script derived from Arabic and is rich in folklore and traditional music. Learn Sindhi phrases to connect with locals.

Punjabi

Punjabi is the most spoken language in Pakistan, primarily in Punjab province. It is vibrant and expressive, famous for its folklore, songs, and Bhangra dance. The language is written in Shahmukhi script in Pakistan. Discover Punjabi phrases for your trip.

Pashto

Pashto is spoken in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and parts of Balochistan. It is a key part of the Pashtun culture, rich in oral traditions, poetry, and hospitality practices. It has its own script and distinctive linguistic style.

Balochi

Balochi is the primary language of Balochistan. It has ancient roots and is influenced by Persian and Arabic. The language is known for its storytelling traditions and epic poetry.

Seraiki

Seraiki is spoken in southern Punjab and parts of Sindh. Known for its soft and melodic tone, it is closely related to Punjabi and has a strong tradition of folk music.

Brahvi

Brahvi is a Dravidian language spoken in Balochistan. Its unique linguistic roots make it distinct from the surrounding languages. It is often associated with the cultural identity of the Brahvi-speaking tribes.

Shina

Shina is spoken in Gilgit-Baltistan and is a key language in the mountainous northern regions. It is vital to preserving the oral traditions and stories of the region.

Broshiski

Broshiski is an isolate language spoken in Hunza and Nagar Valleys. It has no known linguistic relatives and is treasured for its cultural significance.

Balti

Balti is a Tibetan-origin language spoken in parts of Gilgit-Baltistan, including Skardu. Its script and traditions reflect a mix of Buddhist and Islamic influences.

Chitrali (Khowar)

Khowar, or Chitrali, is spoken in Chitral and surrounding valleys. It is known for its poetic nature and deep connection to the region’s mountainous culture.

Makrani

Makrani is a dialect spoken by communities in southern Balochistan and coastal Sindh. It blends influences from Balochi, Sindhi, and Swahili, reflecting the area's maritime heritage.

Learn Local Languages with Travel & Culture

Travel and Culture in Pakistan offers specialized tours for those interested in learning local languages and exploring the cultural diversity of the country. Find more at Travel & Culture.

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Most Important Cities in Italy for Travel and Tourism

Italy is a country brimming with history, culture, and culinary delights, offering travelers an unforgettable experience. Here’s a guide to some of its most important cities, perfect for planning your next adventure. For detailed itineraries and travel inspiration, visit Exotic Italy.

Rome: The Eternal City

Rome, the capital of Italy, is a living museum filled with iconic landmarks like the Colosseum, Vatican City, and Pantheon. Visitors can toss a coin in the Trevi Fountain or stroll through ancient ruins at the Roman Forum. The city’s blend of historic charm and vibrant street life makes it a must-see for history buffs and food lovers alike.

Keywords: Colosseum, Vatican, historic Rome tours, Roman cuisine.

Florence: The Cradle of the Renaissance

Florence is the birthplace of the Renaissance, home to masterpieces by Michelangelo and Da Vinci. Explore the Uffizi Gallery, climb the Duomo, or cross the picturesque Ponte Vecchio. Known for its art, architecture, and Tuscan charm, Florence is a cultural treasure.

Keywords: Florence art tours, Tuscany day trips, Renaissance heritage.

Venice: The Floating City

Venice enchants visitors with its romantic canals, gondola rides, and landmarks like St. Mark’s Basilica and the Doge’s Palace. Whether exploring the charming streets or enjoying a sunset at Rialto Bridge, Venice offers a one-of-a-kind experience.

Keywords: gondola rides, Venice lagoon, romantic Venice tours.

Milan: The Fashion Capital

Milan combines modernity with history, boasting attractions like the stunning Duomo di Milano and Da Vinci's Last Supper. Renowned for high-end shopping at the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, it’s a paradise for fashion enthusiasts.

Keywords: Milan fashion tours, historic Milan, luxury shopping in Italy.

Naples: Gateway to the Amalfi Coast

Naples is the soul of southern Italy, known for its vibrant street life and being the birthplace of pizza. Visit the Pompeii ruins, admire Mount Vesuvius, or explore the nearby Amalfi Coast for breathtaking coastal views.

Keywords: Naples pizza tours, Amalfi Coast trips, Pompeii excursions.

Bologna: The Food Capital

Bologna is a haven for food lovers, famous for Bolognese pasta and local delicacies. Wander the medieval streets, visit Piazza Maggiore, or climb the Asinelli Tower for panoramic city views.

Keywords: Bologna food tours, Italian culinary experiences, medieval architecture.

Pisa: Beyond the Leaning Tower

Pisa offers more than its iconic Leaning Tower. The Piazza dei Miracoli is a stunning UNESCO site featuring the cathedral and baptistery, perfect for history and architecture enthusiasts.

Keywords: Leaning Tower of Pisa, UNESCO Pisa attractions, Pisa day trips.

Explore these cities and more with tailored itineraries and expert advice at Exotic Italy. Whether you're seeking history, culture, or culinary adventures, Italy promises a trip of a lifetime!

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Promoting Responsible Tourism in Pakistan’s North West

Growing up, Muhammad Numan saw a cleaner, more natural environment in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa’s tourist destinations. But as time passed and tourism surged, the local landscape he once knew began to change. The influx of tourists resulted in a growing pile of litter across the otherwise scenic sites in the north. The travel and tourism sector’s total contribution to Pakistan’s GDP was 5.9 percent in 2022 and 4.2 million jobs. This is sub-optimal considering the diverse tourist sites located across the country. Pakistan attracted ~US$ 16 billion in visitor spending in 2022 which is projected to touch ~US$ 30 billion in 2033. Pakistan experienced an unprecedented surge in domestic tourism immediately after the Covid induced travel restrictions were lifted: For instance, in 2021 and 2022, over 1.2 million domestic and international tourists visited the country’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province alone.

To manage this increasing all-season footfall of visitors while harnessing its understated economic potential, the local authorities, communities, and private sector require resources, equipment and training without losing focus on green and inclusive tourism. Determined to make a change, Numan, who now works as a manager at a local hotel in Swat district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, sought ways to mitigate the negative impact of the tourism industry on the ecosystem. That is when he came across the “Travel Responsibly for Experiencing Eco-tourism in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa” (TREK) initiative – a partnership between the Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, World Bank (WB) and Nestlé Pakistan to promote and support responsible tourism initiatives. TREK complements the ongoing activities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Integrated Tourism Development Project (KITE) project for heritage preservation and tourism infrastructure development. Since 2020, it has completed awareness campaigns for tourists, and training of local communities and hospitality businesses on waste management. TREK has trained over 650 participants from more than 150 hotels and restaurants in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa’s tourist areas. The beneficiaries also included local communities, local authorities and academia of Peshawar, Nathiagali, Abbottabad, Swat, Naran and Chitral districts. These trainings concentrated on solid waste minimization, segregation, management, and recycling techniques. Public service messages on responsible tourism were also launched through social media and radio campaigns in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and cities of Islamabad and Lahore. Most country’s domestic tourists are concentrated in these geographies and were thus able to receive communication on tourist helplines on the importance of keeping the sites litter-free. 10,000 reusable bags were distributed to tourists and the hotel association in tourist hotspots aiming to encourage their use and minimize littering. In parallel, the IDA-financed KITE project provided waste bins, garbage collection and compacting machinery to the local authorities in Nathiagali, Naran, Chitral and Kumrat districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and a few locations in Punjab province, and installed 50 tourist information signboards to complement the awareness campaigns. TREK-November-2023-3.jpg Tourist information sign boards in Galiyat, Pakistan TREK-November-2023-2-Training-in-Abbottabad.jpg TREK Awareness Workshop for Community and Local Government Participants Incorporating the knowledge from these sessions, like several other participants, Numan introduced eco-friendly practices at his hotel. He also spearheads a community-funded clean-up initiative in his hometown of Mardan district. This initiative has transformed into a community-driven effort, with residents actively participating in regular clean-up drives. Such sustainable transformations encapsulate the very essence of what TREK envisions for communities throughout the province and beyond. TREK has propelled its partners towards impactful activities by encouraging collaboration with the private sector. Its partner in the initiative, Nestlé Pakistan, is taking concrete actions to create circular systems that make it easier to collect, recycle and reuse products that use plastic. It is committed to designing 100 percent of its plastic packaging for recycling and expects to achieve a 95 percent target by 2025. The Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has allocated resources and supports its teams to ensure green and inclusive destination management in partnership with the private sector. The project has also provided machinery for snow removal and solid waste management to local authorities to improve accessibility, traffic flow and promote sustainable tourism in the province. TREK's inclusivity stands out, inviting participants from diverse backgrounds, including women, youth, and the transgender community. Zareen Akhtar, a social worker, and human rights activist who underwent TREK training, testified to the program's transformative impact. She acknowledged the newfound knowledge she gained, eager to share it with others. She emphasized that she’s one of the many women in this region who have had the opportunity to attend these trainings. “Inclusion of women not only has a wider social impact but also a major mindset shift in the region, allowing for a cohesive awareness within the social fabric of the community.” Initiatives like TREK have the power to transform the tourism landscape in some of Pakistan's most pristine destinations and ensure that future generations continue to enjoy these in years to come. In its next phase, TREK will integrate additional players from the private and financial sectors of the country to launch activities that support community empowerment and investment mobilization for job creation. By Kiran Afzal, Senior Private Sector Specialist, World Bank Pakistan, Touseef Khalid, Project Director, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Integrated Tourism Development (KITE) Project, and Sheikh Waqar Ahmad, Head of Corporate Affairs and Sustainability, Nestlé Pakistan. Read the full article

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Architect Marvi Mazhar is shaping the city’s future while protecting its past

Courtesy daily Dawn Karachi. In every city’s time of need, there arises a saviour, and Karachi, Pakistan’s largest city which faces multiple challenges every day, has been fortunate to witness the emergence of remarkable women who have played the role of its rescuers, leaving an indelible mark on its history. Among them, one stands out today — the courageous and resilient Marvi Mazhar.

“It’s disheartening to find myself alone in this battle sometimes,” an exasperated Mazhar told me as we strolled through the labyrinthine streets of Saddar on a serene Sunday morning. The bustling city serving as the perfect backdrop to our conversation. An architect, heritage advocate and urban social thinker, Mazhar has dedicated her life and career to saving Karachi’s cultural and urban soul. She is not hopeless, she said, and that’s what defines her — her resilience, resistance and will to keep moving forward. As the timeless charm of Karachi’s pre-Partition buildings and its diverse ecosystem face threats in the form of relentless encroachments, vandalism, and illegal demolitions, the fight to preserve the megacity’s cultural beauty is a daily struggle for Mazhar. Following in the footsteps of other courageous women such as the great architect Yasmeen Lari and fearless social worker and urban planner Perween Rehman — though their fights looked slightly different from hers — she is a force to be reckoned with. “In court cases or legal judgment we are few who are expected to be the face of it all, fighting for heritage justice in countless places. It is important that more join this movement and focus on historical past as part of urban planning and it is now critical for academic institutes to focus on architecture education keeping history as an important annexure as way forward,” she told me. Not backing down in her pursuit to prevent Karachi from becoming another contemporary grey jungle, Mazhar is persistent in her struggle. From the remarkable restoration of the Karachi Cantt Railway Station to the phenomenal revival and restoration of Pakistan Chowk, her list of giving life back to historical buildings and spaces is commendably long.

Along with complicated and longstanding legal cases, she actively takes to social media to voice concerns about illegal demolitions and the government’s incompetence when it comes to it. Many times, the provincial government has taken action due to her perseverance. Reflecting on the love-hate relationship with the government and its development-related authorities, she described it as both frustrating and a necessary first step for making better decisions and envisioning a brighter future when it comes to urban sustainability. “Many of us tend to avoid collaboration with the government due to the perceived notion of how discouraging our government is, but now I believe that working together is necessary or else change won’t come,” she said.

Calling for partnership and communication, she added that government officials are also dealing with challenges and providing them with guidance can only benefit in protecting the city’s heritage and hence, its identity. The power of female influence Just as a strong and beautiful structure requires a solid foundation to distinguish itself from others, so too does an individual stand out with the support of certain influences. For Mazhar, the women in her life served as this foundational support, shaping her into the person she is today. Though lost to her early in life, her mother instilled a deep love for Karachi within Mazhar and her sisters from a young age. Taking them on drives through the city, her mother showcased its vibrant hustle and bustle, especially during religious festivals, including visits to the famous Old Clifton area with its architectural marvels and heritage sites — very much the subjects that now form the essence of Mazhar’s work. The other major influence on her life was the master architect herself — Yasmeen Lari — who is hailed as Pakistan’s first women architect and a giant in the building and urban planning industry. Mazhar’s eyes glimmered when she mentioned Lari, whom she worked with for about seven years. She described it as one of the most valuable times of her life — a time she learned how to be resilient and patient while taking on both government and goons. “It would simply be an understatement to say that she was merely my inspiration behind everything in life; for the courage and resilience required in my profession, I give her full credit.” Sharing an interesting anecdote from her first meeting with Lari, she recalled being asked by Lari herself to speak to her after having read the architect’s book. Reflecting on the moment, she saw it as a learning experience that had come full circle as she has contributed to a book on Lari herself. The Banyan Tree Conservation Project Mazhar, who is unique in her battle and commitment to preserve Karachi’s monumental heritage sites, its rich cultural fabric and intricate ecological landscape, has proven to be unique with her projects and initiatives too. From curating and promoting heritage walks, to holding insightful lectures on heritage and history and even producing a film documenting the region’s rich past, she has made a real difference with her efforts to improve the state of the city we live in and the spaces we occupy. Read the full article

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If the war spreads, the region including Pakistan will be unstable

Dr. Maleeha Lodhi, the former representative of Pakistan in the United Nations, says that if the war between Iran and Israel breaks out, there will be effects of instability on the region, including Pakistan, and there should be a unanimous response from Muslim countries, including Pakistan.

Speaking in a local news' program, Dr. Maleeha Lodhi said that the Israeli attack on the Iranian embassy was a violation of international law, Iran was under a lot of pressure from inside and outside. He said that escalation of war in the region is not in anyone's interest except Israel. Neither Saudi Arabia nor any other country will want to escalate the war, there are some efforts at the diplomatic level to prevent Israel from taking further action. The former delegate also said that Israel is trying to somehow involve the US in this war, the US and Iran do not want them to be involved in the war. Dr. Maleeha Lodhi said that US President Biden has warned Israel not to take any action that could lead to war, Israel is under pressure from the international community not to take any action that could cause tension. The former delegate also said that Iran has said that if Israel takes any action, its response will be severe. The purpose of the Iranian attack was to send a message to Israel, which was effectively sent. Not spreading the war Read the full article

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Pakistan civil aviation relaxes COVID-19 tests for arriving passengers

The Pakistan's civil aviation authority has allowed passengers from 23 countries to arrive without Covid-19 test reports. According to the updated Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) announced by the authority, the passengers arriving in Pakistan have been divided into three categories, with different procedures for each. The passengers arriving from Category A countries would not be requiring any mandatory pre-boarding Covid test. The countries included are; Australia, Cote d’Ivoire, China, Cuba, Fiji, Finland, Ghana, Iceland, Iraq, Madagascar, Maldives, Myanmar, New Zealand, Qatar, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Togo, Vietnam, and Zambia. The travelers from all other countries would have to submit a Covid-19 PCR Test, before boarding their flight to Pakistan, which should not be over 96 hours old. While no country has so far been included in Category C. For the inbound passengers from the UK and South Africa, certain restrictions would be applicable, as per the decision of the National Command and Operations Center (NCOC). These measures would be effective from January 05, 2021, 0001 Hours, the CAA said and would supersede the earlier instructions of Dec 28, 22, and 21. According to the CAA; all Pakistani Nationals with the short-term UK and South African visit visas and Pakistani Passport Holders including work permit holders, having any type of Visa issued by the British / South African Authorities, may travel to Pakistan./ Read the full article

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Umrah package 2020: PIA announces fares for Jeddah, Medina

LAHORE: After Saudi Arabia relaxed coronavirus restrictions and allowed foreign pilgrims to enter the country, the Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) has announced its Umrah policy and fares from Pakistan to Jeddah and Madina, a PIA spokesperson said Tuesday. Under the policy, which will be valid till December 31, 2020, the economy class return fare from Karachi inclusive of all taxes is Rs91,000 whereas, from other cities of the country, the fare is Rs96,000. The baggage allowance for economy class is two pieces not exceeding 36 kg and for the executive economy, the allowable baggage is two pieces not exceeding 40 kg. The infant baggage allowance is 10 kg. Passengers will be allowed to carry one five-litre Zam Zam bottle as free allowable baggage. The national flag carrier has also allowed group booking and confirmations of at least 10 passengers. The passengers will be allowed one free change of booking seven days prior to the date of departure. Read more: Saudi Arabia reveals new quarantine rules for foreign Umrah pilgrims Tickets are available throughout the PIA network, the spokesperson concluded. Read the full article

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Truck art of Pakistan 2020

The truck and bus painting in Rawalpindi. Read the full article

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Pakistan Breakfast delights

By Hasan Sangrami THOUGH continental breakfast of bread, butter and eggs have become common in Pakistan, the majority of people still prefer traditional breakfast of chholay-puri-halwa or chai (tea) paratha for breakfast, some, of course, add fried egg or omelette to these. Chholay-puri and halwa is usually available at sweetmarts, where crowds of customers can be seen in the morning. Sales are so brisk that the sellers’ stocks are almost exhausted by 8 a.m., and one can hardly find crisp puris and delicious halwa and chholay an hour later. So is the case with eating-houses selling crisp parathas. There is great demand for breakfast items, particularly on weekends, when there is rush at these places since the early hours of the morning and there will not be much left for those coming in at nine or ten in the morning. At some eating-houses chholay-puri is available on Sundays and other holidays only. Considering the prices of things in general and the overall increasing inflation, the prices of these breakfast items are relatively low and the common man can afford these. In most places of the city, a puri is available for Rs 2 and no extra cost is charged for the chholay and halwa. One person usually consumes four or five puris for breakfast. A crisp paratha sells for Rs 3 a piece, and a cup of doodh-patti tea costs Rs 6 per cup. So, one can have a good breakfast for Rs 12. In some places, together with chholay there is aaloo (potato) ki bhaji and puri are also available. Read the full article

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Rescuing the Blind Dolphin of Indus River

By Hussain Bakhsh Bhaagat THE Blind Indus Dolphin or Bulhan as it is called in local parlance, is a fresh water mammal and considered to be the second most threatened species among river dolphins the world over. The species of dolphin, endemic to Pakistan, survives in an extremely shrinking habitat in the River Indus from Chashma Barrage to Kotri Barrage (an area of 1,300kms). Due to the shrinkage of their habitat and division of its population into four to five groups among the barrages, its breeding behaviour has also drastically changed. Many natural and manmade problems have posed as serious threats to this unique specie. Among others, the stranding of dolphins into the barrage canals is the main problem and a serious threat to the Bulhan. Since water scarcity has arisen in the Indus, the dolphins have moved to the canals, perhaps for shelter, food or breeding. When the mighty Indus flowed with full capacity, no reports were received regarding strandings. But as soon as it shrunk, these creatures have started moving about for survival. It was in January 1995 when for the first time a dolphin was reported at the canal, near my home village in Khairpur district. Two or three days before, a dolphin lover and cetacean specialist, Dr Rendall S. Reeves, had visited my office in Sukkur. We discussed the issue of deaths of dolphins in the canals. He gave me some technical tips for rescuing stranded dolphins. Read the full article

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Sindh seeks return of Moenjodaro’s Dancing Girl from India

KARACHI: As Bilawal Zardari’s Sindh Festival has turned people’s attention towards the culture and…

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Sindh cultural festival opened in Karachi

KARACHI: Pakistan People’s Party (PPP) Patron-in-chief Bilawal Bhutto Zardari on Sunday inaugurated ‘Art Fest’ – part of the ongoing biggest cultural activity Sindh Festival – at Frere Hall.

Speaking on the occasion, Bilawal said, “The sole purpose of…

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Eat, pray, drive

It’s still early as the trucks pull up in the huge courtyard in front of the Quetta Durrani Hotel…

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Japanese business growth survey ranks Pakistan second in the world

ISLAMABAD, Jan 31 (APP): Pakistan has been ranked second in the world in terms of business growth in a survey, conducted by the Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO). The current survey – which examined records of 9,371 Japanese firms operating across…

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Travelport renews Pakistan agreement

Travelport and Travel Solutions Limited (Travel Solutions) recently renewed their distributor…

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Carpenters of Peshawar

  A Carpenter in Peshawar makes an intricate floral carving on artificial wood for local doors

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