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Chapter 1: Defining Globalization

Globalization involves the interconnectedness of all the country in the world.It is the process of exchanging of products, trade, money, informations and any transactions that involves 2 or more countries. Also Globalization encompasses multitude of processes like economy, culture , religion, and political systems.Globalization was formulated by many scholars to fully define yhe Globalization.

Methapors of Globalization

*Solidity - it refers to the barriers or difficult movement of things. It was Classified into two parts ,it can either be man-made or Natural solids. Example of Natural Solids are the natural landforms and bodies of water ,while , the example of man-made solid was the great wall of China that still existing in todays world.In Conclusion, these examples was not permanent , just like a solid iceberg that increasingly melting into liquid.

*Liquid - as a state of matter ,Liquid takes the place of a container.In a broadest sense liquidity refers to the increasing ease movement of people, things, informations and places of contemporary world. In Conclusion liquidity is widely spreading of informations and etc. in global world, it can be manage but cannot stop anymore like a water that flowing in a full glass of water.

*Flow - the former methapors was describes the melting process of solid phenomena followed by the increase in liquidity. Flows are the movemnt of people, things, places , and informations brought by the growing "porosity" of global limitations.

Globalization Theories

To have a better understanding of Globalization ,there are theories risen to explain globalization economically, culturally, and politically. The theory of (1)Homogeneity and (2) Heterogrneity.

Homogeneity - it refers to the increasing sameness in the world as cultural inputs, economic factors, and political orientations of societies expand to create common practices, same economies, and similar forms of government.Homogeneity in culture is often link to cultural imperialism , which means the given culture influences other cultures. In terms of economy, there is a recognition of the spread of neoliberalism, capitalism, and the market economy in the world.The political realn also suffers homogeneization if one takes into account the emerging similar models of governance in the world.

Heterogeneity - pertains to yhe creation of various cultural practices, new economies ,and political groups because of yhe interaction of the elements from different socities in the world. It refers to the differences because of either lasting differences or of the hybrids or combination of cultures that can be produced through yhe different tranplanetary processes. Contrary to cultural imperialism, heterogeneity in culture is associated with cultural hybridization.

Dynamics of Local and Global Culture

Global flows of culture tend to move easily around the globe than ever before ,especially through non-material digital forms. There are three persfectives of global cultural flows.

Cultural differentialism - emphasizes the fact that culture are essesntially different and are superfically affected by global flows. After the cold war there were a collision of different culture or civilizations from different country which leads to economic conflict of every cultures. The Clashes of different civilizations bring negative effects on globalization.

The Cultural Hybridization - emphasizes the integration of local and global culture. Globalization is considered to be a creative process which gives rise to the hybrid entities that are not reducible to either the global or the local. The key concept is called "glocalization" or the interpenetration of the global and local resulting in unique outcomes in different geographic areas.

The Cultural Convergence - stresses homogeneity introduced by globalization. Cultures are deemed to be radically altered by strong flows, while cultural imperialism happens when one culture imposes itself on and tends to destroy atleast parts of another culture.