RECONSTRUCTING 9/11; UNITED AIRLINES 93 -- In honor of the lives of the brave men and women who lost their lives in the immediate and long term aftermath of 9/11, we attempt to deconstruct the politics of fear and hatred surrounding this day, and reconstruct the remembrance of this tragic event as a celebration of patriotism and selflessness of these lives. Specifically, the lives less talked about, lost on the hijacked flight of United Airlines Flight 93.
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On the morning of September 11th 2001, four hijacked planes fell out of their designated routes and crashed as part of a terrorist attack. Two of these planes hit the twin towers, one hit the Pentagon, and one crash-landed into a field in rural Pennsylvania. All together, there were 2,996 deaths— including 2,606 at the World Trade Center, 125 at the Pentagon, 343 firefighters, 72 officers, 55 military personnel, 19 terrorists, and 265 plane passengers. Despite the geographically widespread tragedies, 9/11 is commonly seen as a New York narrative. When someone references the attacks, the planes crashing into the World Trade Center immediately come to mind. When one performs an internet search on the date, the top 5 results only pertain to New York. Furthermore, the official website (911memorial.org) focuses on the National 9/11 Memorial in New York, offering tickets to the memorial and museum, options for donating to the cause, and ways to get involved. The official logo for the National 9/11 memorial, online and in person, is composed of a black “9/“ and blue “11,” with the number eleven seemingly representing the two twin towers.
Is there a clear separation between “our story” (New York) and “their story” (The Pentagon + rural Pennsylvania)? The National 9/11 Memorial website offers a comprehensive, interactive timeline of the attacks. This timeline consists of 41 events spanning from 5:45AM to 10:30PM, with a mere four events dedicated to United Airlines Flight 93: when the plane took off, an emergency 9-1-1 phone call from aboard the plane, and the time the plane crashed. In contrast, there were five events dedicated to Flight 11 (which hit the North Tower), seven dedicated to Flight 175 (which hit the south tower), and four dedicated to Flight 77 (which hit the Pentagon). There were eleven events dedicated to the general New York City and WTC area. Details about the hijackers of Flight 93 are not even included in this timeline, whereas the names and times of arrival at their respective airports are detailed for AA Flights 11 and 77.
“Our story” is the story of New York. It is of mass destruction and death-- it is the New York narrative of tragedy, recovery, and rebirth. “Their story” revolves around those who gave up everything-- their families, their work, their lives-- to prevent this type of mass destruction. “Their story” is that of retaliation, heroism, and unrecognition. These are their stories.
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Mark Bingham
Bingham, 31 and a San Francisco publicist, shuttled regularly between New York and San Francisco for work. This time, he was in New York for his friend’s birthday. His flight was originally the day before, but he hadn't recovered sufficiently from the celebration so he decided to wait until Tuesday morning. When Bingham realized the plan had been hijacked, he first called his mother.
'Mom, this is Mark Bingham,' he tells her, so rattled he uses his last name. Bingham describes the situation for his mother, a United Airlines flight attendant. The call lasts about three minutes. Twice during the call, says Alice, 'Mark was distracted. There was a five-second pause. I heard people speaking. There was murmuring, nothing loud.' She theorizes that Mark was talking to the other men, and planning to fight back. 'We're going to do something. I know I'm not going to get out of this.'
Then he, along with Nacke, Burnett, Beamer, and Glick plotted to fight back. Bingham was a 6’4” ex-rugby player. The five men are thought to have forced their way into the cockpit and crash-landed the plane.
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Tom Burnett
Burnett, 38 and father of three girls, was married to a flight attendant. As an executive for a health-care company in the Bay Area, he traveled a lot-- Flight 93 was a routine flight for him. He was on his way home to his family when he realized that Flight 93 had been hijacked. He called his wife, Deena.
'We're being hijacked' he told her before giving her the flight number and telling her to call authorities. When Burnett called again a few minutes later, Deena had the FBI on the line. She patches Tom through so he can describe the men directly.
Then he, along with Nacke, Bingham, Beamer, and Glick plotted to fight back. Burnett was an ex-football player. The five men are thought to have forced their way into the cockpit and crash-landed the plane.
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Jeremy Glick
Glick, a 31-year-old sales manager for an Internet company, was supposed to have been on Flight 93 a day earlier, but missed the Monday flight after getting stuck in traffic on his way to Newark Airport. It was his first business trip in months. For the three months after the birth of his daughter, Emmy, he had been reluctant to leave home. However, there was a conference in San Francisco, and his wife had urged him to get back to work and stop worrying about the baby. When he noticed the plane had been hijacked, Glick called his wife to say that three 'Iranian looking' men, one with a red box strapped to his waist, had taken control of the plane and to call the authorities. He asks if it's true that two other planes have crashed into the World Trade Center. Then he, along with Nacke, Bingham, Beamer, and Burnett plotted to fight back. Glick was a former rugby player and judo champion. The five men are thought to have forced their way into the cockpit and crash-landed the plane.
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Lou Nacke
Nacke, 42, a store manager who got his start at Kmart, was toy-company manager on his way to Sacramento for a day trip. He booked his seat only the night before when he received a phone call from one of his customers who needed help with an inventory problem. Nacke is the only member of the group who is not known to have made a phone call, although his wife, Amy, did have a message on her answering machine that contained only noise and a click. United Airlines later told his family that he was apparently one of the fighters. 'If you knew Lou,' says Nacke's father-in-law, Dr. Robert Weisberg, 'he never would have been far from the action.' He, along with Glick, Bingham, Beamer, and Burnett plotted to fight back. Nacke was a 5’9”, 200 lb weightlifter. The five men are thought to have forced their way into the cockpit and crash-landed the plane.
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Todd Beamer
Beamer, 32, had just returned to New Jersey from a well-deserved trip to Italy with his wife on September 10th. While he could have left directly for a business meeting in California, he wanted to spend time with his two sons. When he realized the plane had been hijacked, Beamer tried to use his credit card on an Airfone installed on the plane, but cannot get authorization. His call was automatically routed to the Verizon customer-service center in Illinois, and from there was immediately sent to Verizon supervisor Lisa Jefferson, who alerted the FBI. When Jefferson got on the line at 9:45 a.m., she immediately begins interviewing Beamer.
'What is your flight number? What is the situation? Where are the crew members?' Beamer told Jefferson that one passenger is dead. He didn’t know about the pilots. One hijacker is in the rear of the plane, claiming to have a bomb strapped to his body. The conversation is urgent, but calm. Then Beamer says, 'Oh my God, I think we're going down.' Then adds, 'No, we're just turning.' Todd Beamer told the operator that the men plan 'to jump' the hijacker in the back, claiming to have a bomb. 'We're going to do something,' Beamer tells operator Lisa Jefferson. 'I know I'm not going to get out of this.' He asks Jefferson to recite the Lord's Prayer with him. The last words Jefferson hears are 'Are you ready guys? Let's roll.'
He, along with Glick, Bingham, Nacke, and Burnett plotted to fight back. Beamer was an ex-baseball, basketball, and soccer player. The five men are thought to have forced their way into the cockpit and crash-landed the plane.
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Lauren Grandcolas
Grandcolas, a 38 year old advertising sales consultant, was on her way home to Marin County after attending her grandmother's funeral in New Jersey. Originally scheduled on a later flight, she had been pleasantly surprised to easily get a standby seat on Flight 93 at the airport.
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Elizabeth Wainio
Wainio, a 27 year old Discovery Channel regional manager, was on the phone with her stepmother. Another passenger had loaned her a cell phone and told her to call her family. 'I have to go,' Wainio says, cutting the call short. 'They're about to storm the cockpit.’
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Christian Adams
Adams, 31, deputy director of German Wine Institue and father of two, was flyign to San Francisco for a wine-tasting event.
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Alan Beaven
Beaven, 48, environmental lawyer and father of three, was going to California for a case.
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Deora Bodley
Bodley, 20, a junior at Santa Clara University, was returning home.
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Georgine Corrigan
Corrigan, 55, was an antique dealer returning home after a purchasing trip.
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Joseph DeLuca
DeLuca, 52, a computer program designer, was beginning a vacation to the California wine garden with his new girlfriend.
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Edward Felt
Felt, 41 years old and father of two, was on his way to a business meeting.
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Colleen Fraser
Fraser, 51, was the Executive Director for the Progressive Center for Independent Living and the Vice-Chairwoman of the New Jersey Developmental Disabilities Council, was on her way to a grant-writing seminar.
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Donald Greene
Greene, 52 years old and daughter of two, was the executive vice president and chief financial officer in Safe Flight Instrument Corp, was heading to join his brothers on a hiking trip.
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Richard Guadagno
Guadagno, 38, was a manager at the Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge. He was heading home after celebrating his grandmother’s 100th birthday.
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