witsari

[witsari]

New language: Asutian! :D

Asutian is the lingua franca of the world of Asuti - this is an AU of another world of mine, and is primarily spoken by stick people! It also has its own script! (I haven’t made the numbers and punctuation marks yet ‘cause I really just wanted to get the alphabet down).

This is the Asutian script!

Consonants (left):

m n ŋ

p t k

ɸ s h~x

ɬ r~ɾ l

Vowels (right):

i y ɯ u

e̞ o̞

ä

Romanized consonants:

m n ń

p t k

f s x

z r ł

Romanized vowels:

i y w u

e o

a

Asutian is written from left to right, there is no capitalization in-script, and its phonotactics and grammar are heavily based off of my other conlang, Zjowyktelic.

Phonotactics:

Vowels can’t touch.

No more than two consonants in a row.

Letters, syllables, and syllable sequences can’t be doubled. Letter sequences can be doubled so long as they do not result in a doubled syllable.

Grammar

Syntax:

Base word order is SOV (subject-verb-object), and modifiers go before whatever they’re modifying. Both of these can be changed around, but this is the default. There is no grammatical number except for pronouns. Also, disclaimer: z is only used as an ending for any part of speech if the word ends in one consonant, but that’s the consonant that needs to be added (i.e., if a word ends in a standalone n, but you need to add n, you add z instead).

Nouns:

Nouns are assigned one of three genders: animate, inanimate, and abstract. The default gender is abstract, but gender is marked on nouns modifiers and pronouns, never nouns.

Nouns also have four cases: subjective, objective, locative, and genitive.

The subjective form is unmarked and is the dictionary form. This is just nominative (subject or agent of the verb), I’m just calling it subjective ‘cause ir bothers me to call it nominative when the accusative and dative cases use the same form.

The objective form adds -ł, and is used when the noun is the object of a verb (direct or indirect), or the object of a non-locative adposition (dative 'to', instrumental 'with', for, etc.). This case is accusative by default.

The locative form adds -r, and is used when the noun is the object of a locative adposition (toward, from, in, etc.). This case means 'at/by' by default.

The genitive form repeats the last vowel of the noun, and is used for possession. The possessor goes before the possessed, as the possessor counts as a noun modifier.

So:

Subjective: -

Objective: -ł

Locative: -r

Genitive: -V

Verbs:

Verbs inflect for three moods and three tenses. The three moods are indicative, subjunctive, and imperative, and the three tenses are past, present, and future. The subjunctive mood is the equivalent of 'might' or 'I think that' in English.

Verbs use all the obstruents of Asutian (see the exception for z in the syntax description). Stops are indicative, fricatives are subjunctive, and the infinitive is used for the imperative. Velars are past tense, alveolars are present tense, and bilabials are future tense. So:

Past, present, and future indicative: k, t, p.

Past, present, and future subjunctive: x, s, f.

Imperative: infinitive.

There is also the auxiliary verb 'a'. This means come, go, leave, or be. Yes, it means all four - meaning is determined by the presence or lack of 'toward' and 'from'. And as an auxiliary verb, it means 'can'. 'A' is actually a completely regular verb, and when it’s auxiliary, it inflects instead of the verb it’s modifying, and it goes before the verb it modifies per Asutian’s syntax.

Noun and Verb Modifiers:

This, that, and the are zw, zy, and za respectively, and are unable to go after a noun. They also inflect for gender - -m for animate, -ń for inanimate, and the base form for abstract. 'Za' also has a special form, being 'zan', which is the personal article. This is used before proper nouns - it’s the equivalent of capitalizing the first letter of a proper noun, as Asutian does not have capitalization.

Adjectives and adpositions inflect for gender and definiteness. Like the articles, they add -m for animate, -ń for inanimate, and use the base form for abstract. However, if the noun is definite (modified by zw, zy, or za), then the base form is used for both animate and inanimate nouns, and the abstract form adds -n. 'Zan' does not trigger the definite inflections.

Adverbs are formed by simply using the definite abstract form of an adjective or adposition.

So:

Animate def./indef.: -m/-

Inanimate def./indef.: -ń/-

Abstract def./indef.: -/-n

(Indefinite pattern is followed for the articles.)

And those are the basics of Asutian! I’ll eventually get to punctuation and changes in parts of speech and whatnot.

[witsari]

New language: Asutian! :D

Asutian is the lingua franca of the world of Asuti - this is an AU of another world of mine, and is primarily spoken by stick people! It also has its own script! (I haven’t made the numbers and punctuation marks yet ‘cause I really just wanted to get the alphabet down).

This is the Asutian script!

Consonants (left):

m n ŋ

p t k

ɸ s h~x

ɬ r~ɾ l

Vowels (right):

i y ɯ u

e̞ o̞

ä

Romanized consonants:

m n ń

p t k

f s x

z r ł

Romanized vowels:

i y w u

e o

a

Asutian is written from left to right, there is no capitalization in-script, and its phonotactics and grammar are heavily based off of my other conlang, Zjowyktelic.

Phonotactics:

Vowels can’t touch.

No more than two consonants in a row.

Letters, syllables, and syllable sequences can’t be doubled. Letter sequences can be doubled so long as they do not result in a doubled syllable.

Grammar

Syntax:

Base word order is SOV (subject-verb-object), and modifiers go before whatever they’re modifying. Both of these can be changed around, but this is the default. There is no grammatical number except for pronouns. Also, disclaimer: z is only used as an ending for any part of speech if the word ends in one consonant, but that’s the consonant that needs to be added (i.e., if a word ends in a standalone n, but you need to add n, you add z instead).

Nouns:

Nouns are assigned one of three genders: animate, inanimate, and abstract. The default gender is abstract, but gender is marked on nouns modifiers and pronouns, never nouns.

Nouns also have four cases: subjective, objective, locative, and genitive.

The subjective form is unmarked and is the dictionary form. This is just nominative (subject or agent of the verb), I’m just calling it subjective ‘cause ir bothers me to call it nominative when the accusative and dative cases use the same form.

The objective form adds -ł, and is used when the noun is the object of a verb (direct or indirect), or the object of a non-locative adposition (dative 'to', instrumental 'with', for, etc.). This case is accusative by default.

The locative form adds -r, and is used when the noun is the object of a locative adposition (toward, from, in, etc.). This case means 'at/by' by default.

The genitive form repeats the last vowel of the noun, and is used for possession. The possessor goes before the possessed, as the possessor counts as a noun modifier.

So:

Subjective: -

Objective: -ł

Locative: -r

Genitive: -V

Verbs:

Verbs inflect for three moods and three tenses. The three moods are indicative, subjunctive, and imperative, and the three tenses are past, present, and future. The subjunctive mood is the equivalent of 'might' or 'I think that' in English.

Verbs use all the obstruents of Asutian (see the exception for z in the syntax description). Stops are indicative, fricatives are subjunctive, and the infinitive is used for the imperative. Velars are past tense, alveolars are present tense, and bilabials are future tense. So:

Past, present, and future indicative: k, t, p.

Past, present, and future subjunctive: x, s, f.

Imperative: infinitive.

There is also the auxiliary verb 'a'. This means come, go, leave, or be. Yes, it means all four - meaning is determined by the presence or lack of 'toward' and 'from'. And as an auxiliary verb, it means 'can'. 'A' is actually a completely regular verb, and when it’s auxiliary, it inflects instead of the verb it’s modifying, and it goes before the verb it modifies per Asutian’s syntax.

Noun and Verb Modifiers:

This, that, and the are zw, zy, and za respectively, and are unable to go after a noun. They also inflect for gender - -m for animate, -ń for inanimate, and the base form for abstract. 'Za' also has a special form, being 'zan', which is the personal article. This is used before proper nouns - it’s the equivalent of capitalizing the first letter of a proper noun, as Asutian does not have capitalization.

Adjectives and adpositions inflect for gender and definiteness. Like the articles, they add -m for animate, -ń for inanimate, and use the base form for abstract. However, if the noun is definite (modified by zw, zy, or za), then the base form is used for both animate and inanimate nouns, and the abstract form adds -n. 'Zan' does not trigger the definite inflections.

Adverbs are formed by simply using the definite abstract form of an adjective or adposition.

So:

Animate def./indef.: -m/-

Inanimate def./indef.: -ń/-

Abstract def./indef.: -/-n

(Indefinite pattern is followed for the articles.)

And those are the basics of Asutian! I’ll eventually get to punctuation and changes in parts of speech and whatnot.

[witsari]

I’m gonna make a reblog edit here and say that Asutian is written a lot like Korean, where each syllable is written in one block. So if a syllable is CVC, the first consonant and vowel go on top, then the second consonant goes on the bottom; if it’s just CV/VC, top then bottom; if it’s just a vowel, it’s standalone; and word-initial or word-final consonant clusters will actually separate one of the consonants from the syllable - so if it’s CCVCC, the first and last consonants will be in their own blocks, then the middle CVC will be in the middle block.

New language: Asutian! :D

Asutian is the lingua franca of the world of Asuti - this is an AU of another world of mine, and is primarily spoken by stick people! It also has its own script! (I haven’t made the numbers and punctuation marks yet ‘cause I really just wanted to get the alphabet down).

This is the Asutian script!

Consonants (left):

m n ŋ

p t k

ɸ s h~x

ɬ r~ɾ l

Vowels (right):

i y ɯ u

e̞ o̞

ä

Romanized consonants:

m n ń

p t k

f s x

z r ł

Romanized vowels:

i y w u

e o

a

Asutian is written from left to right, there is no capitalization in-script, and its phonotactics and grammar are heavily based off of my other conlang, Zjowyktelic.

Phonotactics:

Vowels can’t touch.

No more than two consonants in a row.

Letters, syllables, and syllable sequences can’t be doubled. Letter sequences can be doubled so long as they do not result in a doubled syllable.

Grammar

Syntax:

Base word order is SOV (subject-verb-object), and modifiers go before whatever they’re modifying. Both of these can be changed around, but this is the default. There is no grammatical number except for pronouns. Also, disclaimer: z is only used as an ending for any part of speech if the word ends in one consonant, but that’s the consonant that needs to be added (i.e., if a word ends in a standalone n, but you need to add n, you add z instead).

Nouns:

Nouns are assigned one of three genders: animate, inanimate, and abstract. The default gender is abstract, but gender is marked on nouns modifiers and pronouns, never nouns.

Nouns also have four cases: subjective, objective, locative, and genitive.

The subjective form is unmarked and is the dictionary form. This is just nominative (subject or agent of the verb), I’m just calling it subjective ‘cause ir bothers me to call it nominative when the accusative and dative cases use the same form.

The objective form adds -ł, and is used when the noun is the object of a verb (direct or indirect), or the object of a non-locative adposition (dative 'to', instrumental 'with', for, etc.). This case is accusative by default.

The locative form adds -r, and is used when the noun is the object of a locative adposition (toward, from, in, etc.). This case means 'at/by' by default.

The genitive form repeats the last vowel of the noun, and is used for possession. The possessor goes before the possessed, as the possessor counts as a noun modifier.

So:

Subjective: -

Objective: -ł

Locative: -r

Genitive: -V

Verbs:

Verbs inflect for three moods and three tenses. The three moods are indicative, subjunctive, and imperative, and the three tenses are past, present, and future. The subjunctive mood is the equivalent of 'might' or 'I think that' in English.

Verbs use all the obstruents of Asutian (see the exception for z in the syntax description). Stops are indicative, fricatives are subjunctive, and the infinitive is used for the imperative. Velars are past tense, alveolars are present tense, and bilabials are future tense. So:

Past, present, and future indicative: k, t, p.

Past, present, and future subjunctive: x, s, f.

Imperative: infinitive.

There is also the auxiliary verb 'a'. This means come, go, leave, or be. Yes, it means all four - meaning is determined by the presence or lack of 'toward' and 'from'. And as an auxiliary verb, it means 'can'. 'A' is actually a completely regular verb, and when it’s auxiliary, it inflects instead of the verb it’s modifying, and it goes before the verb it modifies per Asutian’s syntax.

Noun and Verb Modifiers:

This, that, and the are zw, zy, and za respectively, and are unable to go after a noun. They also inflect for gender - -m for animate, -ń for inanimate, and the base form for abstract. 'Za' also has a special form, being 'zan', which is the personal article. This is used before proper nouns - it’s the equivalent of capitalizing the first letter of a proper noun, as Asutian does not have capitalization.

Adjectives and adpositions inflect for gender and definiteness. Like the articles, they add -m for animate, -ń for inanimate, and use the base form for abstract. However, if the noun is definite (modified by zw, zy, or za), then the base form is used for both animate and inanimate nouns, and the abstract form adds -n. 'Zan' does not trigger the definite inflections.

Adverbs are formed by simply using the definite abstract form of an adjective or adposition.

So:

Animate def./indef.: -m/-

Inanimate def./indef.: -ń/-

Abstract def./indef.: -/-n

(Indefinite pattern is followed for the articles.)

And those are the basics of Asutian! I’ll eventually get to punctuation and changes in parts of speech and whatnot.

[witsari]

New language: Asutian! :D

Asutian is the lingua franca of the world of Asuti - this is an AU of another world of mine, and is primarily spoken by stick people! It also has its own script! (I haven’t made the numbers and punctuation marks yet ‘cause I really just wanted to get the alphabet down).

This is the Asutian script!

Consonants (left):

m n ŋ

p t k

ɸ s h~x

ɬ r~ɾ l

Vowels (right):

i ɪ ʊ u

e̞ o̞

ä

Romanized consonants:

m n ń

p t k

f s x

z r ł

Romanized vowels:

i y w u

e o

a

Asutian is written from left to right, there is no capitalization in-script, and its phonotactics and grammar are heavily based off of my other conlang, Zjowyktelic.

Phonotactics:

Vowels can’t touch.

No more than two consonants in a row.

Letters, syllables, and syllable sequences can’t be doubled. Letter sequences can be doubled so long as they do not result in a doubled syllable.

Grammar

Syntax:

Base word order is SOV (subject-verb-object), and modifiers go before whatever they’re modifying. Both of these can be changed around, but this is the default. There is no grammatical number except for pronouns. Also, disclaimer: z is only used as an ending for any part of speech if the word ends in one consonant, but that’s the consonant that needs to be added (i.e., if a word ends in a standalone n, but you need to add n, you add z instead).

Nouns:

Nouns are assigned one of three genders: animate, inanimate, and abstract. The default gender is abstract, but gender is marked on nouns modifiers and pronouns, never nouns.

Nouns also have four cases: subjective, objective, locative, and genitive.

The subjective form is unmarked and is the dictionary form. This is just nominative (subject or agent of the verb), I’m just calling it subjective ‘cause ir bothers me to call it nominative when the accusative and dative cases use the same form.

The objective form adds -ł, and is used when the noun is the object of a verb (direct or indirect), or the object of a non-locative adposition (dative 'to', instrumental 'with', for, etc.). This case is accusative by default.

The locative form adds -r, and is used when the noun is the object of a locative adposition (toward, from, in, etc.). This case means 'at/by' by default.

The genitive form repeats the last vowel of the noun, and is used for possession. The possessor goes before the possessed, as the possessor counts as a noun modifier.

So:

Subjective: -

Objective: -ł

Locative: -r

Genitive: -V

Verbs:

Verbs inflect for three moods and three tenses. The three moods are indicative, subjunctive, and imperative, and the three tenses are past, present, and future. The subjunctive mood is the equivalent of 'might' or 'I think that' in English.

Verbs use all the obstruents of Asutian (see the exception for z in the syntax description). Stops are indicative, fricatives are subjunctive, and the infinitive is used for the imperative. Velars are past tense, alveolars are present tense, and bilabials are future tense. So:

Past, present, and future indicative: k, t, p.

Past, present, and future subjunctive: x, s, f.

Imperative: infinitive.

There is also the auxiliary verb 'a'. This means come, go, leave, or be. Yes, it means all four - meaning is determined by the presence or lack of 'toward' and 'from'. And as an auxiliary verb, it means 'can'. 'A' is actually a completely regular verb, and when it’s auxiliary, it inflects instead of the verb it’s modifying, and it goes before the verb it modifies per Asutian’s syntax.

Noun and Verb Modifiers:

This, that, and the are zw, zy, and za respectively, and are unable to go after a noun. They also inflect for gender - -m for animate, -ń for inanimate, and the base form for abstract. 'Za' also has a special form, being 'zan', which is the personal article. This is used before proper nouns - it’s the equivalent of capitalizing the first letter of a proper noun, as Asutian does not have capitalization.

Adjectives and adpositions inflect for gender and definiteness. Like the articles, they add -m for animate, -ń for inanimate, and use the base form for abstract. However, if the noun is definite (modified by zw, zy, or za), then the base form is used for both animate and inanimate nouns, and the abstract form adds -n. 'Zan' does not trigger the definite inflections.

Adverbs are formed by simply using the definite abstract form of an adjective or adposition.

So:

Animate def./indef.: -m/-

Inanimate def./indef.: -ń/-

Abstract def./indef.: -/-n

(Indefinite pattern is followed for the articles.)

And those are the basics of Asutian! I’ll eventually get to punctuation and changes in parts of speech and whatnot.

[witsari]

…so how long has it been since I’ve posted something to this blog? XD

I have a new conlang in the works (with a script!) so I’mma post it tomorrow I think.

For a bit of background, this conlang is spoken by stick figures in an AU of my own worldbuilding project thingy.

[witsari]

Hello!/Halau!/Ienr! I’m Jester, and this is my conlanging blog. Here I talk about my Germanic conlang Izar and my a priori conlang Zyowiktelic, and maybe my magic universe Scrapmetal as a result (as both conlangs exist in said universe)! My main blog is @the-isj! :D

[witsari]

Zyowiktelic’s grammar rules (official):

NOUNS AND PRONOUNS

Nominative: -

Accusative: -ń

Dative: -m

Benefactive: -n

Locative: -ł

Allative: -w

Ablative: -y

DEFINITENESS

Proxal: -u

Distal: -i

Definite: -a

Plural ending is -r. The suffix order is noun, case, plural, article.

VERBS

Order is past/present/future.

Perfective: -k/-t/-p

Imperfective: -x/-s/-f

PERSON INFLECTIONS

First: -u

Second: -i

Third: -a

Subjunctive is formed by adding -z to the tense and aspect endings, which on their own are indicative. If the subjunctive ending is added to the stem/infinitive, it becomes imperative. Person endings become plural by either stacking or elongation. Person endings can not be used if grammatical person has already been stated, in which the plural ending is -a. Imperative plural always adds -a to -z, granting -za. Suffix order is verb, tense and aspect, subjunctive, person/plural.

ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

More: -e

Less: -o

Most: -ei

Least: -ou

Adverbs are formed by adding -a. Adjectives and advebrs do not inflect for number.

[witsari]

Hey so uh

Yeah my indecisive ass has decided to change this AGAIN.

Fuck you indecision.

ANYWAY NEW POST ABOUT ZYOWIKTELIC GRAMMAR COMING UP-

Zyowiktelic grammar time:

Default syntax is as follows: Word order is SOV (subject-object-verb), tense-aspect particle after the subject, adjectives before nouns, particles and adpositions after nouns, verb-modifying adverbs before verbs, adjective-modifying adverbs after adjectives, and no articles. This can be changed around, so long as the subject and the object (or other argument for copulas) are seperated by the verb and/or the tense-aspect particle, and said particle is separated from the particle/adposition for nouns.

Nouns have singular, partitive, and collective forms, and all three take the same plural ending, which is -a. The partitive ending (specifically a part/piece/section of) is -r, and the collective ending (group of) is -z. The plural ending always goes last, but is not used if there is another word that clearly indicates its plurality, i.e. a number greater than one.

The accusative (direct object) and dative (indirect object, or 'to') cases are represented with particles - 'o' for the former and 'e' for the latter. Howeverm when paired with an adposition, they always go after the adposition and become ablative (from) and allative (toward) respectively. They are not ablative and allative on their own. Particles and adpositions become plural by adding -a if they’re modifying multiple nouns.

Verbs have four forms: infinitive, imperative singular (adds -az to the singular form if the last consonant is p, t, k, f, s, x, or z, and adds -ar if the last consonant is m, n, ń, w, r, y, or ł), imperative plural (adds -a to the singular form), and plural (adds -a). The imperative forms drop the initial a if the verb ends in a diphthong or a long vowel. The past tense particle is u, present tense is a, and future is i. These become imperfective (equivalent to English’s to be + -ing construction) by adding an ł- to them, resulting in łu, ła, and łi respectively. Tense-aspect particles become plural by adding -a if they’re modifying multiple verbs, and verbs become plural if they have multiple subjects.

[witsari]

Zyowiktelic grammar time:

Default syntax is as follows: Word order is SOV (subject-object-verb), tense-aspect particle after the subject, adjectives before nouns, particles and adpositions after nouns, verb-modifying adverbs before verbs, adjective-modifying adverbs after adjectives, and no articles. This can be changed around, so long as the subject and the object (or other argument for copulas) are seperated by the verb and/or the tense-aspect particle, and said particle is separated from the particle/adposition for nouns.

Nouns have singular, partitive, and collective forms, and all three take the same plural ending, which is -a. The partitive ending (specifically a part/piece/section of) is -r, and the collective ending (group of) is -z. The plural ending always goes last, but is not used if there is another word that clearly indicates its plurality, i.e. a number greater than one.

The accusative (direct object) and dative (indirect object, or 'to') cases are represented with particles - 'o' for the former and 'e' for the latter. Howeverm when paired with an adposition, they always go after the adposition and become ablative (from) and allative (toward) respectively. They are not ablative and allative on their own. Particles and adpositions become plural by adding -a if they’re modifying multiple nouns.

Verbs have four forms: infinitive, imperative singular (adds -az to the singular form if the last consonant is p, t, k, f, s, x, or z, and adds -ar if the last consonant is m, n, ń, w, r, y, or ł), imperative plural (adds -a to the singular form), and plural (adds -a). The imperative forms drop the initial a if the verb ends in a diphthong or a long vowel. The past tense particle is u, present tense is a, and future is i. These become imperfective (equivalent to English’s to be + -ing construction) by adding an ł- to them, resulting in łu, ła, and łi respectively. Tense-aspect particles become plural by adding -a if they’re modifying multiple verbs, and verbs become plural if they have multiple subjects.

[witsari]

Fuck it, I’mma post Romanized Zyowiktelic here:

Aa - /a/ [ä]

Ee - /e/ [e̞]

Ff - /f/ [ɸ]

Ii - /i/ [i]

Kk - /k/ [k]

Lł - /l/ [l]

Mm - /m/ [m]

Nn - /n/ [n]

Ńń - /ń/ [ŋ]

Oo - /o/ [o̞]

Pp - /p/ [p]

Rr - /r/ [r~ɾ]

Ss - /s/ [s]

Tt - /t/ [t]

Uu - /u/ [u]

Ww - /w/ [w]

Xx - /x/ [x]

Yy - /y/ [j]

Zz - /z/ [ɬ]

There are no affricates or voiced obstruents, and stops are not aspirated.

There can only be up to two vowels or consonants in a row at any given time, however every letter can be long, with long vowels being represented with an acute accent instead of being doubled. All possible diphthongs are allowed and all possible consonant clusters are allowed.

Long stops are [ʔ] + the original stop after a vowel, and the original stop + [h] elsewhere. Short r can be tapped or rolled, but long r is akways rolled.

[witsari]

*sigh*

So the i in my other blog’s name (the-isj) stands for indecisive.

And I’m a conlanger.

You can guess what that means.

(Context: I just changed the Izar alphabet again… and simplified its grammar a bit. So uh… yeah, quite a few changes.)

*SIGHING*

[witsari]

I have no idea what to make a post about next… and I’ve been distracted by other things… hence why I haven’t posted anything else to here XD

Might make a poll (once I figure out how to do so) or not, I’m not sure yet.

This blog’s still alive! Just- has a distracted owner XD

[witsari]

Yup! :D

*drops the grammatical features of Izar and runs away*

Three genders - masculine, feminine, and neuter. Default is neuter - this actually means that animate nouns are *neuter* by default, not masculine.

Two numbers - singular and plural.

Four cases - nominative, accusative, dative, and genitive. Accusative is also allative (toward), and genitive is also ablative (from), *unless* you’re using the actual prepositions (til and frå, respectively), in which 'til' is genitive and 'frå' is dative.

Indefinite article goes before the noun and inflects for gender, definite article is a suffix that inflects accordingly for gender, number, *and* case. Definite suffix is also used when the noun is being modified by 'ðit' (this) or 'ðat' (that).

Adjectives inflect for gender, number, case, *and* definiteness, and go *before* the nouns that they modify. A separate definite article is used *along* with the definite suffix if the noun is definite (in other words, you essentially say 'the' twice).

Base word order is SVO or SOV. Usually, any clause that *isn’t* the first clause of the sentence is SOV, while the first one is SVO. Changes to VSO when asking a question.

Verbs inflect for past, present, *and* future - there is no future tense auxiliary verb (technically there is but it’s only used in the past tense as a conditional marker). They also inflect for number, but only inflect for person in the singular, *regardless* of tense.

There are weak verbs and strong verbs. Weak verbs add -t/-d to form the past tense and -s/-z to form the future tense - the stem is present tense if first person singular, past tense if third, and future tense if second. Strong verbs undergo ablaut in *both* the past and future tenses, and inflect for person similarly in *all* three tenses. (Note: It is very common for native speakers to *drop* the singular person inflections of strong verbs.)

There are two past participles: the 'ge-' form, which is used with the verb 'at hava' (to have), and the -t/-d/-en form, which adjectivizes the verb - the former two are used with weak verbs, and the last one is used with strong verbs.

[witsari]

@sir-virtem For the most part, yes. Most animate neuter nouns have the masculine and feminine forms derive *from* the neuter form (i.e. masc 'katur', fem 'katin', and neuter 'kat', all meaning 'cat'). Inanimate neuter nouns usually don’t need to do this (i.e. hus 'house', kläðr 'garment', hjärta 'heart', etc.). But the more important difference is the indefinite dative plural form - usually it’s -(u)m for neuter nouns, but for neuter nouns that inflect for gender, it changes to -(a)m, so as to not clash with the feminine form, which is *also* -(u)m. *However*, it goes *back* to -(u)m once it’s definite.

There are actually some animate neuter nouns that don’t inflect for gender - namely more general words such as barn 'child (as in a minor)', kind 'child (as in a parent or guardian’s child)', and oðer 'parent'. But for the most part, an animate neuter noun *will* have its masc and fem forms derive from it.

I’m not always good at explaining things, but considering this is something I really like, I hope I explained it well enough! :D

*drops the grammatical features of Izar and runs away*

Three genders - masculine, feminine, and neuter. Default is neuter - this actually means that animate nouns are *neuter* by default, not masculine.

Two numbers - singular and plural.

Four cases - nominative, accusative, dative, and genitive. Accusative is also allative (toward), and genitive is also ablative (from), *unless* you’re using the actual prepositions (til and frå, respectively), in which 'til' is genitive and 'frå' is dative.

Indefinite article goes before the noun and inflects for gender, definite article is a suffix that inflects accordingly for gender, number, *and* case. Definite suffix is also used when the noun is being modified by 'ðit' (this) or 'ðat' (that).

Adjectives inflect for gender, number, case, *and* definiteness, and go *before* the nouns that they modify. A separate definite article is used *along* with the definite suffix if the noun is definite (in other words, you essentially say 'the' twice).

Base word order is SVO or SOV. Usually, any clause that *isn’t* the first clause of the sentence is SOV, while the first one is SVO. Changes to VSO when asking a question.

Verbs inflect for past, present, *and* future - there is no future tense auxiliary verb (technically there is but it’s only used in the past tense as a conditional marker). They also inflect for number, but only inflect for person in the singular, *regardless* of tense.

There are weak verbs and strong verbs. Weak verbs add -t/-d to form the past tense and -s/-z to form the future tense - the stem is present tense if first person singular, past tense if third, and future tense if second. Strong verbs undergo ablaut in *both* the past and future tenses, and inflect for person similarly in *all* three tenses. (Note: It is very common for native speakers to *drop* the singular person inflections of strong verbs.)

There are two past participles: the 'ge-' form, which is used with the verb 'at hava' (to have), and the -t/-d/-en form, which adjectivizes the verb - the former two are used with weak verbs, and the last one is used with strong verbs.

[witsari]

Pronomenatid (pronouns time)! Order is nominative, accusative, dative, genitive:

Jeg, mig, mir, mi - first person singular.

Ðu, ðic, ðir, ði - second person singular.

Hain, han, honum, hains - third person masculine singular.

Zåi, hana, heni, henar - third person feminine singular.

Zei, zei, zeu, zeiz - third person animate neuter singular.

It, it, iti, ðets - third person inanimate neuter singular.

Wi, os, okör, vår - first person plural.

Jir, yk, ykör, ir - second person plural.

Zei, zei, zem, zeir - third person plural.

Ðit, ðit, ðiti, ðits - this.

Ðizi, ðizi, ðizum, ðiza - these.

Ðat, ðat, ðeti, ðats - that.

Ði, ði, ðim, ðia - those.

All genitive pronouns except the third person singular ones inflect for the gender of whatever’s possessed. The previous forms given are the neuter plural forms, which are the *only* genitive forms that are used with prepositions. Order is masculine, feminine, neuter singular/plural:

Min/mini, mi/mina, mit/mi - my.

Ðin/ðini, ði/ðina, ðit/ði - your (singular).

Vår/våri, vår/våra, vårt/vår - our.

Ir/iri, ir/ira, irt/ir - your (plural).

Zeir/zeiri, zeir/zeira, zeirt/zeir - their (plural).

'Someone' is 'et person (a person)', 'something' is 'et ting (a thing)', 'somewhere' is 'et plats (a place)', and the negative version of all of these is just the number zero, 'nul' - which can be singular or plural. Also, 'every-' + any of these is 'alt' (neuter form of 'al', meaning 'every/all') + their respective Izar words.

[witsari]

*drops the grammatical features of Izar and runs away*

Three genders - masculine, feminine, and neuter. Default is neuter - this actually means that animate nouns are *neuter* by default, not masculine.

Two numbers - singular and plural.

Four cases - nominative, accusative, dative, and genitive. Accusative is also allative (toward), and genitive is also ablative (from), *unless* you’re using the actual prepositions (til and frå, respectively), in which 'til' is genitive and 'frå' is dative.

Indefinite article goes before the noun and inflects for gender, definite article is a suffix that inflects accordingly for gender, number, *and* case. Definite suffix is also used when the noun is being modified by 'ðit' (this) or 'ðat' (that).

Adjectives inflect for gender, number, case, *and* definiteness, and go *before* the nouns that they modify. A separate definite article is used *along* with the definite suffix if the noun is definite (in other words, you essentially say 'the' twice).

Base word order is SVO or SOV. Usually, any clause that *isn’t* the first clause of the sentence is SOV, while the first one is SVO. Changes to VSO when asking a question.

Verbs inflect for past, present, *and* future - there is no future tense auxiliary verb (technically there is but it’s only used in the past tense as a conditional marker). They also inflect for number, but only inflect for person in the singular, *regardless* of tense.

There are weak verbs and strong verbs. Weak verbs add -t/-d to form the past tense and -s/-z to form the future tense - the stem is present tense if first person singular, past tense if third, and future tense if second. Strong verbs undergo ablaut in *both* the past and future tenses, and inflect for person similarly in *all* three tenses. (Note: It is very common for native speakers to *drop* the singular person inflections of strong verbs.)

There are two past participles: the 'ge-' form, which is used with the verb 'at hava' (to have), and the -t/-d/-en form, which adjectivizes the verb - the former two are used with weak verbs, and the last one is used with strong verbs.

[witsari]

So uh, I added eth and thorn to Izar, so I’mma just repost the alphabet here real quick-

Aa - [ä]

Ää - [æ]

Bb - [b]

Cc - [x]

Dd - [d]

Ðð - [ð]

Ee - [e~ɛ]

Ff - [f]

Gg - [g]

Hh - [h]

Ii - [i~ɪ]

Jj - [j]

Kk - [k]

Ll - [l]

Mm - [m]

Nn - [n], [ŋ] before k, g, c, or x

Oo - [o~ɔ]

Öö - [ə]

Pp - [p]

Rr - [r~ɾ]

Ss - [s]

Tt - [t]

Uu - [u~ʊ]

Vv - [v]

Ww - [w]

Xx - [ɣ]

Yy - [ɨ]

Ýý - [ʉ]

Zz - [z]

Þþ - [θ]

Åå - [ɒ]

Same rules apply! Just- realized I should probably add the dental fricatives aksuhfpamwpem