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St Paul’s Cathedral stands at the very heart of the City of Melbourne which is opposite Federation Square, on Melbourne's busiest intersection. In style, it echoes the grand Cathedrals of Europe. The Cathedral is built in the neo-Gothic transitional style, partly Early English and partly Decorated. St Paul’s Cathedral has been an integral part of Christian Melbourne since the city’s foundation.

The Cathedral’s foundation stone was laid in 1880, and work continued for eleven years. The construction of the three spires did not begin until 1926, to a revised design of John Barr of Sydney rather than the original design of an octagonal central tower and gable west end towers of Butterfield. The central spire is the second highest in the Anglican Communion, after Salisbury Cathedral.

The plan of St. Paul's Cathedral is a traditional Latin cross, with a long nave, side passages, short passages, a tower at the crossroads, choir, sanctuary and altar below, and a pair of the tower that forms the main entrance to the Ceremony.

Constructed in sandstone, the current building replaced an earlier bluestone church, built on the site where the first public Christian services in Melbourne. The cathedral’s architecture is described as Gothic transitional, combining Early English and Decorative Gothic styles. Highlights include the fine polychromatic brickwork, beautifully patterned floor tiles and mosaics, banded stonework, fine timbered roof and tiled dado walls. St. Paul's Cathedral is made up of the sandstones of Barrabool Hills and the Waurn Ponds limestone.

Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments and the limestone is a sedimentary rock, composed mainly of skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral, forams and mollusks. Its major materials are the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of calcium carbonate. It is used to sculpt details and contrast stripes, all from near Geelong, giving the cathedral a warm tan color. Most Other grand 19th-century public buildings face light gray sandstone imported from other states. 

Its appearance is very different from that of blue stone, which is a cultural or commercial name for some sizes or varieties of architectural stone. It is the Gothic style of St. Patrick's Catholic Cathedral on the hills of the eastern part of the city. Because the minaret was built from Sydney sandstone, they have been updated for more than 40 years. Their color is different from the older parts of the building and their colors are darker.

The interior features rich colours and strident colour contrasts, characteristic of Butterfield's work, compared to the exterior. All the stonework is constructed of the Waurn Ponds limestone with contrasting stripes of the very dark-coloured local bluestone. The dado, floor, high altar and reredos are outstanding examples of High Victorian Gothic polychromy.

The reredos is made from Devonshire marble, alabaster and glittering Venetian glass mosaics. Devonshire marble are not true marbles in the geological sense but were nonetheless tectonically buried during the Variscan orogenesis. Venetian glass mosaics focused on producing glass tiles for repairing the ubiquitous old mosaics of Venice and creating new ones, with sophisticated glassmaking techniques from Murano traditions. One of the carved figures on the pulpit is of a former Mayor of Melbourne's daughter who died in infancy. The floor is entirely paved with encaustic tile imported from the English, featuring both patterned layouts and patterns within the tiles, while the dado is created with patterned glazed tiles.

On the back wall of Persian tiles, there are two churches of the Anglican Diocese of Iran, a replica of the Siman Church of Shiraz and the star of the Stark Church of Isfahan. There are two baptismal fonts. The circular font of the Kharkite granite Was installed when the cathedral was built. 

Bibliography:

"St Paul's Cathedral", accessed April 12th 2018, https://whatson.melbourne.vic.gov.au/Placestogo/MelbourneLandmarks/Historic/Pages/7575.aspx

 "History of St Paul's Catheral", accessed April 12th 2018, https://cathedral.org.au/cathedral/history/

 MOSAICI DONA’ MURANO, " Murano glass mosaics italian glass mosaics produced in murano venice", accessed April 12th 2018, https://www.mosaicidonamurano.com/artistic_glass_mosaics/murano_glass_mosaics.htm

 Gordon Walkden, " Devonshire marbles: history of the industry and the geology of these classic British ornamental stones", 24 November 2017, accessed April 12th 2018, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/gto.12212

 Hobart M. King, " Sandstone", accessed April 12th 2018, https://geology.com/rocks/sandstone.shtml

Wikipedia, " St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne", accessed April 12th 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral,_Melbourne

 Hobart M. King " Limestone, What Is Limestone and How Is It Used?", accessed Apri 12th 2018, https://geology.com/rocks/limestone.shtml

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State Library Victoria is the central library of the state of Victoria, Australia, located in Melbourne. It was established in 1854 as the Melbourne Public Library, making it Australia's oldest public library and one of the first free libraries in the world. The Library is located in the northern center of the central business district, on the block bounded by Swanston, La Trobe, Russell, and Little Lonsdale streets. 

State Library Victoria was a Neoclassical architecture building. The architect's library construction plan has three main repositories: the public archives Victoria, which has the most comprehensive collection, the State Library Picture Collection with some original drawings and many copies, and the University of Melbourne Archives. The colour palet used in this architecture's exterior was natural brown colour.

Architects are usually owners of architectural drawings. Copies are made for bidders, builders, staff, and customers. The client of the library's architectural drawings is the government and trustee of the Melbourne Public Library. A copy of these drawings was held at Victoria's photo collection and Public records office. The University of Melbourne archive holds a copy of these drawings from the architect.

On July 3, 1854, Sir Charles Hotham laid the cornerstone. The original building consisted of the Swanston Street entrance hall and the central part of the Queen's Hall above. The unique octagonal colonnade with Corinthian columns was completed in 1870 and completed Reid's design for the central part of Swanston Street. In these later works, the cornerstone of 1854 seems to have been permanent. Covered as part of the front of the library.

The cornerstone is the first stone set in the construction of a masonry foundation, important since all other stones will be set in reference to this stone, thus determining the position of the entire structure. Over time a cornerstone became a ceremonial masonry stone, or replica, set in a prominent location on the outside of a building, with an inscription on the stone indicating the construction dates of the building and the names of architect, builder, and other significant individuals. The rite of laying a cornerstone is an important cultural component of eastern architecture and metaphorically in sacred architecture generally. Some cornerstones include time capsules from, or engravings commemorating, the time a particular building was built.

The main internal feature is the Queen's Hall, with a fluted ion column. Raymond Barry's coat of arms is prominently located above the gate. The badges of the other founding trustees (Bindon, Childers, McArthur, Palmer, and Stawell) were placed under the Porch between the pillars. Tasmanian sandstone is used for the façade of the building, and Kangaroo head sandstone near Hobart. 

Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) mineral particles or rock fragments. Most sandstone is composed of quartz or feldspar because they are the most resistant minerals to weathering processes at the Earth's surface, as seen in Bowen's reaction series. Like uncemented sand, sandstone may be any color due to impurities within the minerals, but the most common colors are tan, brown, yellow, red, grey, pink, white, and black. Since sandstone beds often form highly visible cliffs and other topographic features, certain colors of sandstone have been strongly identified with certain regions.

The National Library Building is listed in the Victorian Heritage Victorian Heritage Database, which describes the architectural style of the original building as a Victorian academic classic. It is also listed in the Australian Government’s National Real Estate Register and the Australian National Trust Fund Victoria.

State Victoria Library have different reading rooms. There was The Dome, Chess Reading Room, Redmond Barry Reading Room, Heritage Collections Reading Room, Arts Collection Reading Room, Genealogy Reading Room and Newspaper Reading Room. Their main colour palate was natural colour, which is wood colour, white and grey.

Bibililography:

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica,Neoclassical architecture, accessed April 7 2018, https://www.britannica.com/art/Neoclassical-architecture

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, Amy Tikkanen, Cornerstone, Aug 14, 2008, britannica.com, accessed April 7 2018, https://www.britannica.com/technology/cornerstone

Hobart M. King, Sandstone : A clastic sedimentary rock composed of sand-size grains of mineral, rock, or organic material, accessed April 7 2018, https://geology.com/rocks/sandstone.shtml

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Melbourne Town Hall

It is a very famous building which located in Melbourne CBD. It is at the heart of the city’s cultural and civic activity, hosting theatre, weddings, receptions, and exhibitions. Because this is a historic building, many of the decisions that helped shape Melbourne are made in the City Hall in the Heritage List. In This historical building, the appearance of the color retains the color of the original material. The classically designed building features a clock tower and fine masonry was a mix of bluestone and Tasmanian freestone. To go behind the scenes and visit the Grand Council Chambers and stand where the Beatles and Abba waved from the impressive portico, take a Town Hall tour. In addition to the Council Chambers, there was another Town Hall featuring a large auditorium, which was remodeled following a fire in 1925. It's included the panels decorated with sepia figures. Bluestone is an any of various bluish or grey building stones. It is the more stones made of dolerite found in the inner part of Stonehenge. Besides that, it is a cultural or commercial name for a number of dimensions or building stone varieties. These dolerite Slabs, split by frost action, seem to be stacked ready for the taking and many have been removed over the centuries for use locally but it remains unresolved whether the Stonehenge bluestones were conveyed thence by human or glacial means. However, a freestone is a fine-grained stone which can easily cut in any direction, in particular, a type of sandstone or limestone. In other ways, it's also a stone fruit in which the stone is easily separated from the flesh when the Freestone is a stone used in masonry for molding, tracery and other replication work required to be working with the chisel. Freestone, so named because it can be freely cut in any direction, must be fine-grained, uniform and Some sources, including numerous 19th-century dictionaries, say that the stone has no grain, but this is incorrect. Oolitic stones are generally used, although in some countries soft sandstones are used; in Some churches, an indurated chalk called clunch is employed for internal lining and for carving. Some believe that freemason originally was one who is capable of carving freestone. In the interior of this building, there was a grandeur of the wood-paneled Council Chamber, stand on the portico where the Beatles waved, sit in the Lord Mayor's chair and view the richly carved Melbourne Town Hall Grand Organ, the largest grand romantic organ In the southern hemisphere. Rooms included in the tour are subject to availability.

Bibliography:

Amy Grant, Clingstone Vs Freestone: Learn About Different Stones In Peach Fruit, gardeningknowhow.com, accessed March 16 2018, https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/fruits/peach/peach-stone-types.htm

Wilf Gerrard-Staton, What is Bluestone? And What’s The Best Use For It, December 31, 2011, accessed March 16 2018, https://www.naturalstonetiles.com.au/what-is-bluestone/

Stephanie Trigg, Victorian Bluestone: An Affective Cultural History, acessed March 16 2018, http://www.historyofemotions.org.au/research/research-projects/victorian-bluestone-an-affective-cultural-history/