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FR4 PCB

PCBs have long been an essential part of electronic circuits. As a result, most of the electrical engineers involved in the production of these boards are familiar with the different materials used to manufacture them. FR4 is one of the most popular materials used by printed circuit board manufacturers. What makes it popular? You will find information about the FR4 material used in FR4 printed circuit boards down below.

 https://www.zfpcba.com/products/fr4-pcb.html

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Flexible PCB

Flexible PCB is made of flexible insulating substrates. It owns excellent electrical performance and can meet the design needs for smaller and higher density installations, as well as help reduce assembly processes and increase reliability, which serves as the only solution to meet the miniaturization and mobility requirements of electronic products. In addition, it can be freely bent, wound and folded to withstand millions of dynamic bending without damage to the wire. It can also be arranged in accordance with the requirements of the space layout, and have arbitrary movement and expansion in three-dimensional space, so as to achieve the integration of component assembly and wire connection.

 Application of flexible PCB

Aerospace

Military

Mobile communications

Laptop computers

Computer peripherals

PDAs

Digital cameras

 Types of flexible PCB

 4. Substrate to generate double-sided board

 Two layers of single-sided PI copper-clad plate materials are used to compress the board, supplemented by adhesive for a window opening at a specific position, so as to become a double-sided conductor circuit board with a two-layer separated structure in a local area to achieve a circuit board with high flexural performance in the stratified area.

 (1) Single sided board

The single-sided PI copper clad plate is used to form a flexible circuit board with a single layer of conductors by covering it with a protective film after the circuit is completed.

   (2) Ordinary double-sided board

 After the double-sided circuit is completed with double-sided PI copper clad plate, the protective films are added on both sides to make a circuit board with double-layer conductors.

 (3) Single sided board generated by substrate

 A pure copper foil material is used in the circuit manufacturing process where a protective film is added to each side of the PCB to make a circuit board with only a single layer of conductors which, however, are exposed on both sides of the PCB.

 (4) Double sided board generated by substrate

 Two single-sided copper PI boards are compressed with a bonding adhesive at a specific location to form a double-sided conductor board with a lamination in one local area and a separation of the two layers in other local area to achieve a board with high flexural properties in the layered area.

 Advantages of flexible PCB:

 Good heat dissipation and excellent solderability, easy assembly and connection and low overall cost.

 he base material is mainly polyimide copper clad laminate, which has high heat resistance and good dimensional stability. It can be pressed with a cover film with mechanical protection and good electrical insulation properties to form the final product.

 The functions of flexible PCB can be divided into four types, namely lead line, printed circuit, connector and integration of function, the use of which covers computers, computer peripheral auxiliary systems, consumer electrical appliances and automobiles.

 If you have questions about our flexible PCB production capacity, or the specifications required for your custom project are not listed on this page, please feel free to contact us. We will reply within one workday. We will continue to provide quotation support and design support. Welcome to learn about our production process.

 https://www.zfpcba.com/products/flexible-pcb.html

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Double Sided PCB

The double-sided PCB is more complicated than single-sided PCB. The circuit patterns, on its both sides, are connected through a through hole in the middle. Various types of double-sided PCB are in the market, such as double-sided metal base PCB, high Tg thick copper foil PCB, high-frequency PCB and hybrid dielectric base high-frequency double-sided PCB. Double-sided PCBs are widely used in high-tech industries like telecommunications, power supply, computers, industrial control, digital products, scientific and educational equipment, medical equipment, automobiles, aerospace defense.

The production process of double-sided PCB

  Double-sided PCB is usually made of epoxy glass cloth copper-clad laminates. It is mainly used for communication electronic equipment, advanced instruments and electronic computers with high-performance requirements.

 The production process of double-sided PCB can be generally divided into several methods, such as process wire method, hole plugging method, masking method and pattern plating-etching method.

 Advantages of double-sided PCB

 It makes it relatively easy to add conductive paths on the board, which means you will have a PCB that better suits your needs.

 As both sides are conductive, a large number of ICs and components can be assembled at any time.

 You can add more components as needed as there is an extra layer.

 More space and flexible design allow the PCB to suit your requirements.

 Double-sided PCB is ideal for demanding applications and advanced electronics.

 If necessary, the size of the double-sided PCB can be reduced, because double sides can be used.

 This type of PCB may save you money because you may only need one.

 Double-sided PCBs can be used in many different applications and electronic products, suitable for a wide range of industries.

  The difference between double-sided PCB and single-sided PCB

 Appearance. A single-sided PCB only has one layer, but the double-sided PCB has 2 layers, with via hole connecting double-sided PCB circuit.

 Different production processes. The two-sided PCB has a copper sink process, which is for the two-sided circuit conduction.

 Parameters of double-sided PCB

 Material: FR-4        

 Layers: 2L

 Thickness: 1.6mm

 Min.Hole Size: 0.3mm

 Min.line Width: 0.127mm

 Inner Layer Copper Thickness: 35μm

 Outer Layer Copper Thickness: /      

 Surface Finish: OSP, HASL, HASL LF, Immersion Gold, ENIG      

 Min.Clearance of Hole to Line: 0.127mm

 If you have questions about our double-sided PCB production capacity, or the specifications required for your custom project are not listed on this page, please feel free to contact us. We will reply within one workday. We will continue to provide quotation support and design support. Welcome to learn about our production process.

 https://www.zfpcba.com/products/double-sided-pcb.html

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Buried Via PCB

A buried via is a connection of any circuit layer inside the PCB but not connected to the outer layer. The via cannot be drilled after bonding because it must be drilled on the individual circuit layers first. After partially bonding the inner layer, it has to be plated before finishing the bonding, which is more laborious and therefore more expensive than the original through via and blind via. Usually, it is only used in high-density(HDI) PCB to increase the available space for other circuit layers.

 1. What is via?

  The via is an important factor in the design of multi-layer PCB and consists of three main parts, including drill hole, the pad around the hole and the POWER layer. When talking about its process, it should be firstly plated a layer of metal by chemical deposition on the cylindrical surface of the via wall to connect the copper foils that need to be connected to the middle layers. The upper and lower sides of the via will be made into a common pad shape, which can be directly connected with the lines near the two sides or not.

 2. Classification of vias by function

 In terms of function, vias can be divided into two categories. One is used for electrical connection between layers while the other is used for fixing or positioning devices. As for the process, the vias can be generally divided into blind via, buried via and through via.

 (1) Blind via

 Blind via is located on the top and bottom surfaces of the PCB with a certain depth. It is used to connect the line on the surface and the underlying inner line and its depth usually does not exceed a certain ratio (aperture).

 (2) Buried via

 It refers to the connection via that is in the inner layer of buried via PCB which will not extend to the surface of the circuit board.

 Both of above-mentioned two types of vias are located in the inner layers of the circuit board, which are completed by using a through-via forming process before lamination. There may also be several inner layers overlapping during the via formation process.

 (3) Through via

 This kind of via penetrates the entire circuit board and can be used for internal interconnection or as a positioning via of component installation. Because of its easier implementation and lower cost in the process, most of the PCBs use it instead of the other two kinds of vias.

 The advantages of the blind via and buried via

 In the non-through-via technology, the application of blind via and buried via can greatly reduce the size and weight, as well as the number of layers and costs of the PCB, moreover, improve the electromagnetic compatibility, increase the characteristics of electronic products, making the design simpler and faster.

 As for the traditional PCB design and processing, there are many problems brought by through vias.  First of all, through-vias occupy a large amount of effective space. Secondly, a lot of through-vias densely packed in one place also make the wiring of the inner layers in the multilayer PCB difficult. That is because they will take up the space required for alignment, destroy the impedance characteristics of the power supply and make the power ground plane ineffective. What's worse, the conventional mechanical method of drilling will be 20 times the workload of non-through hole technology.

 If you have questions about our buried via PCB production capacity, or the specifications required for your custom project are not listed on this page, please feel free to contact us. We will reply within one workday. We will continue to provide quotation support and design support. Welcome to learn about our production process.

 https://www.zfpcba.com/products/buried-via-pcb.html

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Blind Via PCB

As the name suggests, blind via cannot be seen. Blind via is the via that connects the surface layer and the inner layer without penetrating the entire board. In order to increase the space utilization of the PCB circuit layer, the blind via is produced. Blind via is located on the top and bottom surfaces of the printed circuit board and has a certain depth. It is used to connect the surface circuit and the underlying inner circuit and the depth of the hole usually does not exceed a certain ratio (aperture).

How to manufacture blind via PCB?

 The blind via production method requires special attention to the depth of the drilling (Z-axis) to be just right. If you do not pay attention to it, it will cause difficulties in electroplating in the via, so almost no factory adopts it. You can also put the circuit layer that needs to be connected in advance in the individual circuit layer. The vias are drilled first, and then glued together, but more precise positioning and alignment devices are required.

 The line width and line spacing of most process equipment: blind via 0.1mm, 0.125mm, 0.15mm.

 Difference between blind via and plating through hole PCB

 From the processing point of view, plating through hole PCB and blind via PCB have different requirements for cutting tools in terms of chip removal ability. The processing of blind vias makes it easy for the cutting tool to be buried in iron chips, so better chip removal performance is required.

 It is better to use spiral flute taps to machine blind holes, instead of straight flutes, it is easy to block chips and cause tool breakage.

 For drilling and blind hole processing, it is best to use an internally cooled central water outlet drill bit. With the central water outlet effect of the machine tool, the iron filings can be forced off by the coolant pressure, so that the iron filings will not be entangled and blocked, which leads to over-tolerance in machining and breakage of tools.

 The boring is the same as the drilling, and it is best to use the center outlet.

 But the above statement is not absolute. It mainly depends on the depth-to-diameter ratio of the blind via. If the shallow hole is processed, it can also be used as a general plating through hole PCB processing tool.

 If you have questions about our blind via PCB production capacity, or the specifications required for your custom project are not listed on this page, please feel free to contact us. We will reply within one workday. We will continue to provide quotation support and design support. Welcome to learn about our production process.

 https://www.zfpcba.com/products/blind-via-pcb.html

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Aluminum PCB

With excellent electrical properties, heat dissipation capability, electromagnetic shielding, high dielectric strength and resistance to bending, aluminum substrates are widely used in many industries such as high-power LED lighting, power supplies, TV backlighting, automotive, computer, air conditioning inverter modules, avionics, telecommunications, medical and audio. When it comes to cell phone cameras which are the most commonly used in our daily life, aluminum PCBs are of great importance. As a metal core PCB (MCPCB), aluminum PCB has many similarities with FR4 PCB in terms of manufacturing process or technology, including thick copper foil etching, aluminum surface etching protection, aluminum board manufacturing and solder resist film printing.

 Since the 1970s, aluminum PCBs were first used in power amplification hybrid ICs and have become popular. Due to the development of LED industry in recent years, the application and trend of them are increasingly widespread. Therefore, in order to better utilize them in the product and industry, it is necessary to understand some important characteristics of the PCBs.

 Structure of Aluminum PCB

In terms of the structure, it truly shows the structure of aluminum CCL consisting of copper foil, dielectric layer, aluminum base and aluminum base film (which is optional).

 (1) Copper foil layer

 The aluminum CCL has the same copper foil layer as the ordinary one. The circuit layer requires large current carrying capacity, which is the reason for changing thicker copper circuits from 1 ounce to 10 ounces. The back of the copper foil must be chemically oxidized while the surface should be zinc-plated and brass-plated to improve the peel strength.

 (2) Dielectric layer

 The dielectric layer consists of a layer of thermally conductive dielectric material with low thermal resistance and a thickness of from 50μm to 200μm, which is the core technology of aluminum CCL. It excels in resistance of heat and aging and can withstand mechanical and thermal stress.

 (3) Aluminum base

 The aluminum base is actually the aluminum substrate material and is the support component. It requires a high thermal conductivity to be suitable for general mechanical engineering, such as drilling, punching and cutting.

 (4) Aluminum base film

 The aluminum base film serves to protect the the surface from scratches and etchants. The films can be classified as normal one (below 120°C) and high-temperature-resistant one (250°C). The latter type can meet the requirements of HASL as a surface finishment.

 Aluminum PCB performance

 (1) Heat dissipation

 Compared to normal FR4 PCBs, the aluminum PCBs perform better and more quickly in heat dissipation. Take the FR4 PCB and the aluminum PCB with the same thickness of 1.5mm as an example. FR4 PCBs have a thermal resistance of from 20°C/W to 22°C/W while aluminum PCBs have it of from 1°C/W to 2°C/W, which proves the feature again.

 (2) Thermal expansion

 The thermal expansion and contraction are common properties of substances but have different coefficients. Because of the excellence in heat dissipation of the aluminum PCBs, the problems on the thermal expansion and contraction on the board surface will be significantly reduced to increase the durability and reliability of the entire equipment and electronic devices. This kind of advantages can be particularly suitable for the thermal expansion and shrinkage problems of surface mount technology (SMT).

   (3) Dimensional stability

 The aluminum PCBs have significantly stable dimensions. Their dimensions will only change about 2.5% to 3.0% when they are heated from 30 ℃ to 140 ℃ or even 150 ℃.

 (4) Other performance

 a. Applicability to power device SMT.

 b. Effective thermal expansion of circuit design.

 c. Helpful to reduce operating temperature, improve product power density and reliability, and extend the shelf life of products.

 d. Helpful to reduce the size of the product, hardware and assembly costs.

 e. Easy replacement of fragile ceramic substrates with better insulation performance and mechanical durability.

 If you have questions about our aluminum PCB production capacity, or the specifications required for your custom project are not listed on this page, please feel free to contact us. We will reply within one workday. We will continue to provide quotation support and design support. Welcome to learn about our production process.

 https://www.zfpcba.com/products/aluminum-pcb.html

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4 Layer PCB

4 layer PCB is laminated on the basis of double-sided PCB, PP and copper foil are added on both sides of the double-sided PCB. Usually, the layout of the4 layer PCB is signal wire-ground wire-power supply-signal.

 Production of 4 layer PCB

 4 layer PCB is made by lamination on the basis of the double-sided PCB. During the lamination, copper foil and PP are added to the two sides of the double-sided PCB, and then the 4 layer PCB is formed by high-temperature pressing. Some people would ask: what is the difference between double-sided PCB and four-layer PCB? The cropped double-sided PCB can be drilled directly on the machine without lamination, while the 4 layer PCB will enter the lamination process after some circuits are etched in the inner layer. Finally, drill holes can be made after lamination.

 What are the common rules for designing a 4 layer PCB?

 (1) Line width:

 Usually, the signal line is set up 6mil, and the remaining power lines are 5V and 3.3V or it can be set up 10mil, 20mil respectively.

 (2) Vias:

 Normally, there are about 2-3 types of vias on a PCB. The designed conductor width and conductor spacing should take the production process capability of the PCB manufacturer into consideration. If the conductor width and conductor spacing we designed are over the production capacity of the partner, it may increase unnecessary production costs, and even need to change the supplier. Therefore, when designing the conductor width and conductor spacing, we should basically control it at 4/4mil and the via 12mil, then the manufacturers above 85% are able to put them into production. The conductor width and conductor spacing here refer to the size between elements such as line-to-hole, line-to-line, line-to-pad, line-to-via when setting rules.

 The setting rules consider the design bottleneck in the design file. If there is a 1mm BGA chip, its pin depth is relatively shallow, and only one signal line is needed to be set between two rows of pins and it can be set to 6/6mil. If pin depth is relatively deep, two signal lines need to be taken between the two rows of pins and it can set to 4/4mil. If there is a 0.65mm BGA chip, it needs to be changed to HDI blind via design. Generally speaking, if it is larger than the design bottleneck, then the regional rules can be set. Local line width and moment are designed to be smaller and the other places on the board could be larger to facilitate production and improve the qualification rate.

 (3) Copper foil:

 Under normal circumstances, modifications can be made.

 If you have questions about our 4-layer PCB production capacity, or the specifications required for your custom project are not listed on this page, please feel free to contact us. We will reply within one workday. We will continue to provide quotation support and design support. Welcome to learn about our production process.

 https://www.zfpcba.com/products/4-layer-pcb.html

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ZF PCB Fab Service

No matter our customers need single-sided or double-sided FR4 boards, or boards made of unique materials, metal core boards, heavy copper boards, aging boards, rigid PCBs, or flexible PCBs, ZF can provide customers with any prototype circuit boards that they need.

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PCB MARKET

PCB IN MEDICAL MARKET

Revolutionary Advances in Medical PCB

Medical PCB applications are growing as fast as the medical device industry itself. Some of the most common medical PCB applications include:

 1. Monitor:

 Personal and medical monitors, including the blood sugar monitor, heart rate monitor and blood pressure monitor, etc.

   2. Scanning technology:

 CT scanners and ultrasound technology often use electronic devices based on PCB.

 3. Control system:

 Equipment can control transfusion. The flow rate and distribution are electronically controlled.

4. Internal devices:

 Pacemakers and similar internal medical devices which are used to keep patients healthy are operated by the center's micro PCB.

5. Scientific instruments:

 Medical research uses a large number of scientific instruments to study diseases and test the results of patients. These include electron microscopes, photometers and control systems for generators and compressors.

 Medical PCB also has achieved revolutionary progress:

 1. PCB in the electronic anatomy or electronics

 Doctors are like the most powerful force on the earth. They've been here all along, treating people since almost the Stone Age. But over time, the importance and success rate of doctors' treatments have been increased. Their skills and dedication have remained constant. What on earth has changed? If you look closely, the secret to the exponential growth of success rate in health care is technological progress.

 Medical advances here cannot be achieved without electronic machines, which in turn rely entirely on PCB. Thus, we can say that the advances in medical science in recent years have been the result of collective efforts. Knowledge of human anatomy and electronic anatomy (reading PCB) drives the development of healthcare.

2. Medical PCBs

 Medical PCB is the PCB used in medical devices. In the current era, we can enjoy the best medical facilities. Thanks to those medical facilities, people are more easily recovered from deseases.

 Patients are recovering from those fatal illnesses or attacks, or almost any type of organ failure. Doctors, heroes in real life, undoubtedly deserve our applause, but our hidden hero, the medical PCB deserves a shout-out as well.

 The day-to-day responsibilities that designers and manufacturers of medical electronic devices shoulder are unimaginable. They are responsible for the proper functioning of medical devices, and so is the service life of medical devices.

 Healthcare ranges from small wearable devices that promote health to whole-body imaging systems that analyze the health of internal organs. A patient care, research, or training of medical professionals are all part of the world of medical PCB。

 Today, we find PCB in everything from cardiovascular medical specifications to medical imaging systems. PCB applications are obvious in pacemakers, defibrillators and heart monitors, as well as MRI, CT scans, ultrasound devices and more. You can also find PCB for medical devices such as temperature monitors, blood sugar monitors, and electronic muscle stimulation devices.

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