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Thanks to Scoot, we recently had the opportunity to experience the best that Berlin had to offer in terms of dining, shopping and history during our 5 day trip to Berlin and not have to bust our airfare budget. Yes, you heard right – Scoot – a low cost airline flies non-stop to Berlin from Singapore and this is not the first time that they are doing long haul flights (Scoot is also doing long haul flights to Athens in Greece and Honolulu in Hawaii, USA).
Over the next few blog posts, I will be sharing with you our various interesting experiences in Berlin but for this post, I have some suggestions for the foodies who are keen to check out the diverse dining experiences in Berlin and I have 11 of them!
But before we talk about dining in Berlin, I just want to share some tips on enjoying a long haul flight on Scoot. Being a low cost airline means we get bargain fares with Scoot (one way fare to Berlin from Singapore starting from S$239!) but that also means that the usual amenities that we would expect with a full-fare airline e.g. meals, in-flight entertainment, will not be complimentary. But if you add up the costs of buying these extras, you have still scored a huge bargain for a flight to Berlin!
The flight to Berlin from Singapore is almost 13 hours long so do preorder your long haul meal bundle or else you can get quite hungry during the flight. Preordering ensures that you get the meal you want and there are usually discounts or certain perks (for example, you may get a complimentary Haagen Daaz ice-cream or cookies with your meal). The flight departs from Singapore to Berlin at 12.25am and the first meal service (where a light meal of chicken sandwich wrap was served) will start around 1 hour+ after take-off (around 2am). There is no seatback inflight entertainment – you will have to bring your own entertainment or sign up for the ScooTV access (US$11 or about S$15) for the duration of the flight (but you will need to bring your own device e.g. iPad, phones and if you are using Apple devices, ensure that you had downloaded the ScooTV app before boarding your flight; for android devices, you can download the app from the Scoot Wi-Fi portal for free during the flight). If you need to charge your devices (nowadays whose phone can last for 13 hours on a single charge right?), you can buy in-seat power for about US$7.
To help yourself get as comfortable as possible and to sleep well during this long haul flight, I would recommend getting a Scoot Snooze Kit which comprises a very comfortable blanket and eye mask and inflatable neck pillow. Pre-purchasing this snooze kit before your flight will save you S$5 – otherwise you can buy the Scoot Snooze Kit onboard for S$23.
Our second meal service came in at around 3 hours before we landed at Berlin and it was roast beef with potatoes (there are other choices too – chicken, vegetarian etc.). This tasted very good as the beef is very tender. The sides include a potato salad and yoghurt. Scoot’s long haul meal bundle for flights to Berlin comes in non-vegetarian and vegetarian options and includes:
Premium Meal Combo which includes a deluxe meal, 2 sides and a drink.
Light Meal Combo which includes a light meal, a snack and a precupped juice.
This long haul meal bundle is available for preorder only.
Our Scoot flight to Berlin from Singapore landed at Berlin Tegel Airport at 7.20am – perfect timing to start a long day of fun at Berlin. The best part about landing at Berlin Tegel Airport is the airport’s proximity to the Berlin city centre. After clearing immigrations and collecting your baggage, you can be at your hotel in the city centre within 20 minutes! Our basecamp for our trip to Berlin was Capri by Fraser Berlin – we had a great staycation at Capri by Fraser Singapore (the one beside Changi City Point) and the Berlin one was just as good an experience.
Now, back to the topic at hand – Interesting and Diverse Dining Experiences in Berlin, we will of course start with German cuisine:
If you love desserts, don’t miss the Chocolate Lava Cake served with ice-cream served at The Grand.
Address: The Grand, Hirtenstraße 4, 10178 Berlin (nearest U2: Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz)
Address: Brauhaus Lemke am Alex, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 13, 10178 Berlin (nearest S+U: Alexanderplatz)
From the dizzying height of its viewing platform, you have spectacular 360-degree panoramic views out across the entire city – and beyond. You can also chill out with cocktail from Bar 203. You can also have dinner at the rotating restaurant just one floor above the viewing platform
Address: Panoramastraße 1 A, 10178 Berlin (nearest S+U: Alexanderplatz)
The Currywurst has an interesting origin: During 1949 in Berlin, a resourceful German housewife, Herta Heuwer, traded some spirits with British soldiers for ketchup. She then created the dish – composed of German sausage, or wurst, sliced and doused in ketchup and sprinkled with curry powder and created the currywurst which became an overnight success and eventually a staple, mainly amongst construction workers who valued its high protein content and low cost.
Address: Curry 36, Hardenbergplatz 9, 10623 Berlin (this is near the Zoo or the BIKINI Berlin which we will talk about later – nearest U2: Berlin Zoologischer Garten)
or
Curry 36, Mehringdamm 36, 10961 Berlin Kreuzberg
TIM RAUE serves Asian-inspired cuisine that can be characterized as a blend of Japanese product perfection, Thai aromas, and Chinese culinary philosophy. The aim of his dishes is to provide energy and joie de vivre. Guests are invited to a deliberately simple ambience influenced by the urban atmosphere of Berlin. The Michelin guide awarded Tim Raue’s restaurant with two Michelin stars.
We started our dining experience with the Ikarimi Salmon served with buttered stock of tomato juice & marukan rice vinegar, compote of tomato & star anis and green anis. The dish is served lukewarm, keeping the salmon tender – the salmon is soft and melts in your mouth. The various flavours of vinegar, tomato gives you a mix of different tastes with each bite.
Next we had the Langoustine served with wasabi mayonnaise cantonese style. This is like our Singaporean equivalent of wasabi prawn – those that you can order from zi char stalls at hawker centre, although the quality at Tim Raue is a lot better – instead of prawns, Norway lobster meat (langoustine) is used and it tasted very fresh. The wasabi mayonnaise sauce is perfect with the langoustine – some zi char stalls in Singapore makes the wasabi sauce overwhelming (as if you are swallowing wasabi) but here at Tim Raue, its just gives a tinge of wasabi taste and that is good enough.
Next, we had Sate Chicken – or we call it Satay Chicken. I am very surprised to taste such familiar tasting food all the way in Germany. The chicken is tender and when eaten with the satay sauce, it tastes so good!
We wrapped up our meal at Tim Raue with dessert which comprises Quince sherbet, macadamia nougat and passionfruit. It is a good mix of taste – sweet and sour.
A 4 course menu for lunch at Tim Raue like the above will cost 68 Euros + 19% tax. You get a choice of dishes to make up the 4 courses – the 3 course menu is the cheaper option at 58 Euros. Do note that if you select the wasabi langoustine, that will cost an additional 12 Euros to the 68 Euros for a 4 course menu.
Address: Restaurant Tim Raue, Rudi-Dutschke-Straße 26, 10969 Berlin (near Checkpoint Charlie)
Address: Night Kitchen, Oranienburger Str. 32, 10117 Berlin (nearest S-station: Berlin Oranienburger Straße station)
Address: Casalot, Claire-Waldoff-Straße 5, 10117 Berlin
Just a short aside on the THE ONE Grand Show at Friedrichstadt-Palast, if you want to catch one of the most lavish show in Europe on one of the biggest stage in the world, then you should not miss the ONE Grand Show. An iconic part of the ONE Grand Show performance is the more than 500 daring, extravagant, and glamourous costumes designed by Jean Paul Gaultier, one of the great stars of Parisian haute couture. The scale of this performance is massive in many ways – more than 100 artists on the world’s biggest theater stage and a production budget of more than eleven million euros.
Most of the singing is in German but you should be able to interpret from the music and costumes what is going on but in case you don’t, here’s my quick take on the performance. THE ONE Grand Show blurs past and present in a vibrant, euphoric waking dream. You will follow a young man who struggles with his inner emotions – anger and curiosity as he rekindles the splendour and glamour of times past in his mind’s eye while everything dissolves, floats, and spins in front of him, all leading back to the one person who means everything to him – THE ONE. I know very chim (deep-meaning in local Singaporean colloquial terms) but this is a show where you get amazed and surprised by the myriad of costume and death defying acts by the performers. It is a good mix between a typical circus act and dance performance and musical (the latter you will appreciate better if you know German).
Address: Bikini-Haus, Budapester Str. 38-50, 10787 Berlin (nearest U2: Berlin Zoologischer Garten)
For a more traditional food market, don’t miss Markthalle Neun (Market Hall 9) in Kreuzberg on Thursday because of Street Food Thursday. On Thursdays from 5pm to 10pm only, the various stalls compete with each other with their culinary delicacies, but it is you who are the winners. This is truly an international event as you get to experience British pies, Thai tapioca dumplings, Mexican tacos, Allgäu cheese spaetzle or Nigerian FuFu. It gets really crowded though so seats are very limited.
If you need help navigating the culinary gems that Berlin offers on this exciting street food tour through the district of Kreuzberg, check out the Food Tour with Fork & Walk by Dov Selby. If you check out his website, you will notice that there are lots of different food tours to meet your needs, be it whether you are a vegan or coffee connoisseur, there is a food tour for you.
We went on a Evening Food Tour with Dov where he showed us some of the best street food stalls in Markthalle Neun, for example – these tofu burgers by Tofutussis and …
… amazing cheese sandwiches by Alte Milch
Adana Kebap Yogurtlu – Minced meat on the skewer with yogurt, tomatosauce, gegrilled tomatoes, pepper and special bread
Künefe – Pastry mozzarella cheese doused with sugar syrup
Künefe is a crispy cheese-filled dessert made with kadayıf, which is a traditional shredded wheat dessert with pistachio filling. Native to the southeastern parts of Turkey in a area named Hatay. This is a very sweet and addictive dessert
Address: 37, Admiralstraße 36, 10999 Berlin, Germany
Berlin WelcomeCard gives you access to all public transport as well as discounts on selected tours and museum. Ranging from 2 – 6 days, these will definitely come in handy when exploring Berlin. Just remember to validate your ticket before you take your first ride with the bus /U-bahn.
Our spacious @berlin apartment with kitchenette and comfortable bed and refreshing rainshower – perfect rest stop after a long flight from Singapore to Berlin with @ @visit_berlin
A post shared by Zhiqiang and Tingyi (@passportchop) on Jun 20, 2018 at 2:04am PDT
Read on if you would like to know what we ate on our Scoot flight back to Singapore from Berlin. Our flight took off from Berlin at 9.40am and the first meal service is Currywurst and…
… for our second meal service (a few hours before we arrive at Singapore) – Turkey meatloaf with rye bread.
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Frontotemporal Dementia
A Phase 1 Trial
Frontotemporal dementia is a group of conditions caused by the death of nerve cells and pathways in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. Frontotemporal dementia has three variants, depending on which parts of the brain are affected and the symptoms that appear. Frontotemporal dementia is caused when nerve cells in the frontal and/or temporal lobes of the brain die and the pathways that connect them change. Researchers have identified specific genes are related to a higher risk of developing frontotemporal dementia. As FTD progressively worsens, a person may engage in dangerous behaviors or be unable to care for himself or herself. As each person with FTD is different, the speed of decline and the manifestation of symptoms will vary.
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A Subgroup Of Patients With Frontotemporal Dementia
About 10-15 per cent of young-onset dementia could be due to frontotemporal dementia which causes progressive degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. As the disease progresses, less and less language is used, until the patient becomes virtually mute. Various underlying neuropathological entities lead to the frontotemporal dementia clinical phenotype, all of which are characterised by the selective degeneration of the frontal and temporal cortices. Patients with semantic dementia typically have temporal lobe atrophy, often involving the anterior temporal lobes bilaterally. The clinical pattern reflects the topographic pattern of atrophy, often visible radiographically, with asymmetrical frontotemporal atrophy. Gross examination of the brain showed mild atrophy of the frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes, with moderate atrophy of the temporal lobe.
Signs And Symptoms Of The Disease
People who develop dementia at a younger age may have a strong family history of dementia. The symptoms of dementia can vary, depending on which parts of the brain are affected. In the early stages of Lewy body dementia, symptoms can be mild, and people can function fairly normally. People with dementia will always see their symptoms worsen over time, but not every person with the same type of dementia will decline at the same rate or experience the same symptoms at the same stage. Treatments may help to maintain mental function longer, manage behavioral symptoms, and slow down the symptoms of disease. The precise symptoms vary with the type of dementia, stage of disease, and from person to person.
Home Health Care
Loved ones who are caring for a person with dementia at home can also provide valuable support. Respite will work most effectively if you can find a service that both the person with dementia and carer find attractive and valuable. The home carers try their best to develop friendly relations whilst providing support and care. Dementia patients need a safe, familiar environment, either at home or in long-term residential care. A regular home carer can be employed to come into the home to provide help, support and a friendly face. An in-home carer would not only help with providing support but would also be emotionally present for the patient so that s/he does not feel irrelevant or left out at any time.
The Anatomy Of Mouse
Frontotemporal dementia is a common cause of dementia in people under the age of 65. Unfinished nests were scored 1, 2, or 3, depending on the height of the walls. The option is a good pick for people who need help while bathing, dressing, or feeding. The symptoms of dementia are similar, though the cause is what makes the final diagnosis as to the type of dementia. Personality and behavioral changes, including the Kluever-Bucy syndrome, were the first symptoms in 12 individuals. Frontotemporal dementia is a common type of dementia, particularly in patients younger than 65 years.
Daily Work Or Family Routines
People over 40 should have their eyes checked every two years and people over 60 should have their eyes checked every year. Once you select your test and enter your result, the analyzer will tell you if it is low, optimal, or high and what that might mean. When caring for an individual with FTD, one must remember to always try to be sensitive, patient, and understanding. Cognitive or mental decline starts years earlier, but often does not become evident until senior years when daily work or family routines become less regimented. You may blink your eyes rapidly, or your lips and jaw may tremble as you struggle to get the words out. The test is intended to be administered and graded by a medical professional, who will then decide if more tests are necessary.
Frontotemporal Dementia And Motor Neurone Disease
There was no correlation between number of repeats and age at onset or disease duration. The average number of pathogenic repeats on the disease haplotype was 8, with a spread of expanded alleles up to 26. The mean age of onset in sporadic cases varies among series but overall is 55-65 years. The mean age at onset was 57.9 years, and the mean disease duration was 3.6 years. The disease is more common among the elderly, and its prevalence increases with age to a rate of ? 20% for patients over the age of 85 years.
from Blogger https://ift.tt/33657GB via Alzheimer's Help and Resources
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【台南-中西區飲品】奶濃茶醇唇齒香的『厚奶茶』❤完成指定活動即享$20元/杯!超驚爆價~只在『N23tea樂沏時尚鮮飲-茶行總店』喔↖(*✪∀✪*)↗
【N23tea樂沏時尚鮮飲】擁有茶行近40年老經驗的底韻,搖出一杯杯濃.醇.香的茶品飲~
嚴選二步驟:Ⅰ.進貨的茶葉均為嚴選1500公呎海拔以上的純人工手摘茶等...
嚴選二步驟:Ⅱ.到店後再進行二次烘焙,以穩定茶品提升風味並去茶質~
※於106/11/23開始,來店於雋永歲月的茶牆前比"讚"合影,並tag好友一名上傳FB讓櫃檯確認,即享$20元的『樂沏功夫厚奶茶』一杯喔※
▲暖色系的暈黃燈光,投射在木紋牆及老茶牆上,讓店裡揚溢著活潑氣息另帶有沈穩歲月的舊韻時光~
櫃檯上下陳列的茶飲招牌,可是老闆用傲驕的茶葉所做出的醇釀茶飲喔٩(๑^ 3 ^๑)۶
▲全品項買五送一,不分大小杯呢!茶飲所含糖均由店家用二砂自熬的純手工紅糖喔~
▲喝好茶的同時當然安全檢驗也要顧的~牆上SGS檢驗合格報告,讓編編喝的開心也喝的放心呢´︶`
▲照過來!照過來!櫃檯旁邊有一片陳年茶葉桶的IG牆,那一桶桶上的紅底字跡,都因歲月而斑駁凋零...更顯時光的蹉跎~
只要來店於此歲月老牆上比"讚"拍照並TAG朋友上傳至FB,即享$20元的【樂沏功夫厚奶茶】外,還加贈頂級紅茶包乙包喔!數量有限喔^^
▲編編這奶控怎能錯過店家強力推出的【樂沏功夫厚奶茶】呢~一定要來杯喝喝的啦^Q^!
奶濃香醇,茶純有韻,甜度是固定的,沒有冰塊來稀釋厚奶茶的風味喔~
基底茶可不馬虎呢,與光泉牛乳(咖啡專用)特調出的醇厚感,編編個人還蠻這樣款奶香濃醇底茶厚韻的飲品呢❤
▲愛喝紅茶的JACK是一定要來杯櫃檯上招牌之一的【女皇紅】
有著果���味的紅茶,是老闆大器使用採用 "單芽手摘茶"的『大葉阿薩姆紅茶』喔!
茶韻濃長,香味雋永,喝完後其紅茶香氣會繚繞唇舌之間呢~讓人蠻舒服的茶息說♡(♡˙︶˙♡)♡
(細密的泡泡是代表茶葉含有豐富的茶皂素喔~)
▲招牌上的【琥珀樂檸】蠻讓編編好奇,店員也蠻推薦的喔~
琥珀意即來自於有品質的紅茶所沖泡出來的湯色,加上嚴選的檸檬而激盪出不同凡響的飲品!
第一口檸檬的清香突顯,第二口則茶氣迴盪,第三口是檸檬與紅茶的細緻融合,拌入自煮的二砂紅糖,酸甜適中、餘韻且回甘的好滋味呢❤
▲【N23tea樂沏時尚鮮飲】是老闆用自身近40年茶行的老經驗所創造出的茶飲店~
每杯茶飲的基底茶葉都是老闆精心細選,細細酌飲後才誕生出來的飲品!真的蠻值得推薦給愛喝也懂喝的大大們唷(っ´▽`)っ
✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩
N23tea樂沏時尚鮮飲-茶行總店
地址:台南市中西區民生路二段117號
時間:週一到週日09:30~22:00
外送專線:(06)223-1023
粉絲頁:N23tea樂沏時尚鮮飲
✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩
N23tea樂沏時尚鮮飲-正興店
地址:台南市中西區正興街116巷8號
時間:週一到週日11:30~18:00(週二三公休)
外送專線:(06)221-3234
粉絲頁:N23tea樂沏時尚鮮飲
✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩
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oc intro: nix trillin [nonsense]
She tugged on the lapel of her jacket, pulling it closer to her skin. Up here the wind spoke to her and the city shone in the night, and every building sparkled with the light of the stars that she wished she could see. She was alone once again.
She spent a few minutes breathing in the view from where she stood, then she ran. Running was a song that she knew every lyric and beat and rhythm to. Her legs knew exactly how to move, and she felt at ease.
With the wind caressing her face and her long black jacket whipping behind her, suddenly everything felt right with the world. She let herself go to the rhythm of the run, to let her worries slip behind her and allow the quiet world to envelope her. There was no one up here to tell her what to do and what not to do, and for a moment she could just forget everything that was wrong and bad.
name: nix trillin
age: 16
gender: she/her
sexuality: bisexual
ethnicity: mixed, half-chinese, half-”who the fuck knows”
appearance: long brown hair, black eyes, tall nose, permanent resting bitch face, Short™ [5′1″], “nothing impressive”, multiple piercings that she did herself
occupation: student
associates: Dax Oberon, Mikaela Soren, Lykel Trillin, eventually Coline Zobel and Tillia Sng
personality:
ISTP, chaotic neutral, enneagram type 8
individualistic, aloof, highly independent, determined, secretly witty
prefers to keep to herself
would rather throw herself out a window than talk about her emotions
would rather people not know about her “dark past, tragic backstory, all that bullshit”, doesn’t want people to look at her with pity
quick to judge, benefit of the doubt who?
high empathy, low compassion
strengths
analytical and rational
able to remain calm and composed in times of crisis
Walking Bullshit Detector™
will stand up for what she believes in, even if it offends others
super loyal once you’ve earned her trust
does not give up easily
isn’t afraid to get her hands dirty
good at reading expressions and body language
weaknesses
stubborn as fuck
has a hard time opening up and letting people in
big trust issues, very suspicious of people who she doesn’t already trust
can be too fixated on her mission
can be hurtful at times with her words
can be too attached (fatal flaw in The Sonance Tests)
once she has an impression of someone it is very hard to change that
catchphrases
“you’re lying”
“what the fuck”
“it’s really not”
likes
boots
oversized jackets
books, literally cannot get enough of them
iced tea
running
her father’s cooking
dislikes
being told what to do
sappy stuff
small talk with strangers
bullies
that One Specific Shade of Blue™ [#0000ff]
hobbies
running, parkour, freerunning, physical activity in general
reading, will read books from all kinds of genres
studying old literature
learning anthropology and human culture
fun facts
scared of balloons even though she’s never seen one (has read about)
is a self-proclaimed expert on color theory
has a very low spice tolerance
thinks art is very neat and would like to learn how to paint
totally doesn’t have a crush back on Mikaela
her mission
to find out the truth about her brother, Lykel, when he was thrown out of the Diome eight years ago
the Councils threw him out for treason, but she firmly believes that it’s Bullshit™ and they are hiding something
joined The Sonance Tests to get closer to people like Coline Zobel who she believes might know what happened to her brother
her memories from that year when her brother was Wasted (thrown out) are wonky, lots of missing pieces
angry and frustrated that she cannot remember what happened
family background
Lykel Trillin (brother), Vander Trillin (father), Jean Trillin (mother)
her father has become very withdrawn ever since the incident eight years ago, retreats into his study and works from home, rarely speaking
he doesn’t talk to anyone, and only eats and works
her mother is working more and more at the pharmacy, only coming home every so often
it’s taboo to speak about Lykel and whatever happened to him at home
Nix misses the days when her family would get along and everything would be okay again and she didn’t feel so damn lonely
the sonance tests
reckons its her biggest chance to gather intel on her brother and figure out what Bullshit™ the Councils are up to again
decides she’s gonna make it or break it, very determined to survive
has very few allies due to her distrusting nature
very athletically capable due to her sneaking out and running and climbing
strong willpower and clear head helps
constantly wary, sleeps with her weapon
can be too attached, so will try to save everyone she loves
TAG LIST | [ask/comment to be added]
#wip: the sonance tests#the sonance tests updates#the sonance tests ocs#nix trillin#nanowrimo 2019#wip
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Exploring the memoize function
*In this article we will explore some concrete examples of the many uses and intricacies of the memoize function from the Clojure standard library. If you enjoy this article, you might very well enjoy the Clojure Standard Library book: save 37% off the book with code fccborgatti. *
memoize is a function in the Clojure standard library that adds caching capabilities to another existing function using the invocation arguments as key. When the wrapped function is invoked with the same list of arguments, the result is returned immediately from the cache without any additional computation. The effects of memoize are readily visible if we print any message from the wrapped function:
(defn- f* [a b] (println (format "Cache miss for [%s %s]" a b)) (+ a b)) (def f (memoize f*)) (f 1 2) ;; Cache miss for [1 2] ;; 3 (f 1 2) ;; 3 (f 1 3) ;; Cache miss for [1 3] ;; 4
The first invocation generates the message (the following invocations don’t), confirming that the wrapped function f* is not invoked again. Conventionally, if the wrapped function is not meant to be used directly, the star * character gets added at the end of the name, while the "memoized" version is named without one.
"Memoize" invocation contract
memoize formal specification of the function signature is as follows:
INPUT
"f" needs to be a function and is mandatory, so (fn? f) should return true. You can still provide memoize with a non-invokable object but the resulting function would be useless and throw an exception.
NOTABLE EXCEPTIONS
ClassCastException if "f" is not invokable.
OUTPUT
A new function of a variable number of arguments. memoize will eventually delegate the call to the wrapped function, so the number of arguments passed to the generated function needs to be compatible.
Examples
memoize works well for non-trivial computations accepting and returning values with a relatively small memory footprint. The following example illustrates this point. The Levenshtein distance (this Wikipedia article contains a good introduction to the Levenshtein Distance algorithm) is a simple metric to measure how different two strings are. Levenshtein distance can be used, for example, to suggest corrections for the most common spelling mistakes. The Levenshtein distance is straightforward to implement, but becomes computationally intensive for longer strings (above 10 characters long). We could use memoize to save us from computing the distance of the same pair of strings over and over again. The input (the strings arguments) and the output (a small integer) are relatively small in size, so we can cache a large amount of them without exhausting memory (assuming the list of words with which the function is invoked is a finite number that we can estimate).
To feed our example we are going to use the dictionary available on Unix systems at "/use/share/dict/words" which is a plain text list of words. If we were asked to implement an auto-correction service, it could work as follows:
The user inputs a misspelled word
The system checks the distance of the word against the words in the dictionary
The results are returned back in order of smaller distance
Although, in our example, we are just implementing the essentials, concentrating mainly the application of memoize, we are also going to pre-compute a dictionary of words starting with the initials of the word, a technique to further speed-up the Levenshtein distance calculation:
(defn levenshtein* [[c1 & rest1 :as str1] ; 1. [c2 & rest2 :as str2]] (let [len1 (count str1) len2 (count str2)] (cond (zero? len1) len2 (zero? len2) len1 :else (min (inc (levenshtein* rest1 str2)) (inc (levenshtein* str1 rest2)) (+ (if (= c1 c2) 0 1) (levenshtein* rest1 rest2)))))) (def levenshtein (memoize levenshtein*)) ; 2. (defn to-words [txt init] ; 3. (->> txt slurp clojure.string/split-lines (filter #(.startsWith % init)) (remove #(> (count %) 8)) doall)) (defn best [misp dict] ; 4. (->> dict (map #(-> [% (levenshtein misp %)])) (sort-by last) (take 3))) (defn dict [init] (to-words "/usr/share/dict/words" init)) (def dict-ac (dict "ac")) ; 5. (time (best "achive" dict-ac)) ;; "Elapsed time: 4671.226198 msecs" ; 6. (["achieve" 1] ["achime" 1] ["active" 1]) (time (best "achive" dict-ac)) ;; "Elapsed time: 0.854094 msecs" ; 7. (["achieve" 1] ["achime" 1] ["active" 1])
The Levenshtein algorithm presented here is a variation of the many available on-line. The important aspect to remember is that it grows roughly as O(n*m) where m and n are the length of the strings, which is O(n^2) in the worst scenario.
This def actually builds the wrapping function through memoize, conveniently called levenshtein without the final * that is reserved for the non-memoized version.
to-words is a helper function to prepare the dictionary filtered by the initial string. to-words is part of the "static" or "learning" phase of the algorithm, since we can prepare words by initial off-line and store them for later use.
The best function is responsible for the application of the levenshtein memoized function to the words in the dictionary. It then sorts the results with sort-by and returns the lowest distances.
The def invocation defines a filtered dictionary starting by "ac" so it doesn't need to be computed multiple times. This also prevents the time function from reporting on the time needed to read and process the file.
The first invocation to search the best matches for the misspelled word returns in almost 5 seconds.
The second invocation returns much faster.
The memoized version of the Levenshtein distance function is storing each new pair of strings as key and the returned distance as the value of an internal map. Each time the function is invoked with the same arguments, the return value is looked up inside the map. Comparing long strings seems to benefit from caching intermediate results and the elapsed confirms the theory.
This example also shows the way the memoized Levenshtein distance is "trained" before actual use. The application could pre-compute the set of dictionaries by initials (similar to the indexing happening inside a database). This technique contributes to the speed-up seen in our Levenshtein implementation, but consider that there are also other algorithms out-performing Levenshtein (See the list of metrics available on Wikipedia).
What's in a name: memoize?
There is a reason why storing arguments and return values is called "memoization" instead of just "caching". Memoization is more specific because it implies two features normally present in functional languages: pure and higher order functions.
Pure functions The wrapped function needs to be referentially transparent. If there was a way for the output to be influenced by factors other than the function arguments, then cached results could be different depending on the context. The cache would then need to be aware of the context and use it as part of the key. Memoization becomes straightforward in functional languages supporting referential transparency.
Higher order functions "Higher order" refers to the property of a function to be treated as a value. As such, the function can be stored, passed to other functions or returned. Not all languages offer higher order functions, although it is now more common to offer this feature. By describing this kind of caching as "memoization" it is implied that a function can be transparently decorated with caching capabilities. "Transparently" in this context means that the original wrapped function remains untouched.
See Also
These are other functions in the Clojure standard library that have a similar or related use to memoize.
lazy-seq creates a "thunk" (wrapper function around a value) that evaluates its content on the first access and return a cached version on following calls. When the thunks are joined together in a sequence they form a lazy sequence. Lazy sequences are comparable to a cache where the order and value of the keys is predetermined. An "evaluate once" semantic on collections could be achieved with lazy-seq. Since all Clojure sequences are lazy, you might already be using a "cached data structure" without knowing it.
atom creates a Clojure Atom, one of the possible Clojure reference types. Atoms are used by memoize to store intermediate results. Use an atom directly if the memoize implementation is too restrictive for the kind of caching you need to implement. You can, for example, look into something different than a Clojure hash-map to store items in the map, like a mutable Java map with soft-references (there are several examples of use of SoftReference for caching in Java. This is a good starting point. Keep in mind that there are already libraries like core.cache to provide common caching strategies if this is what you're looking for.
Memoize Performance and Implementation Details
O(1) steps (function generation)
O(n log n) ** steps (generated function), n number of unique keys**
O(n) ** space (generated function), n number of unique keys**
The main aspect to consider about memoize, is that it stores cached items indefinitely. Constant accumulation of new cached values will eventually exhaust memory. memoize users should pay attention to these facts when designing their solution, more specifically to the prospected distribution of keys in the cache. memoize should not be used in cases of long-running services when the amount of argument permutations is potentially infinite or not easy to predict.
We can gather some statistics about the key distribution with some changes to the original memoize function. The following memoize2 contains additional atoms to collect data cache hits, misses and total number of calls at run-time.
(defn memoize2 [f] (let [mem (atom {}) ; 1. hits (atom 0) miss (atom 0) calls (atom 0)] (fn [& args] (if (identical? :done (first args)) ; 2. (let [count-chars (reduce + (map count (flatten (keys @mem))))] {:calls @calls :hits @hits :misses @miss :count-chars count-chars :bytes (* (int (/ (+ (* count-chars 2) 45) 8)) 8)}) ; 3. (do (swap! calls inc) ; 4. (if-let [e (find @mem args)] (do (swap! hits inc) (val e)) (let [ret (apply f args) (swap! miss inc)] (swap! mem assoc args ret) ret)))))))
Along with the actual cache, additional counters are added to the initial let block.
:done is a sentinel value that can be used to extract statistics during run-time.
This is an estimate of the amount of memory necessary to store the keys given the number of chars footnote:[A good enough formula to estimate the amount of memory necessary to store strings in Java is: http://www.javamex.com/tutorials/memory/string_memory_usage.shtml].
Additional swap! operations are performed to update counters.
By accessing the additional stats at run-time, we can estimate the key-space size or the memory footprint. For example, if we run the previous Levenshtein memoize example replacing memoize with memoize2 we can extract the following results:
(def levenshtein (memoize2 levenshtein*)) (best "achive" dict-ac) (["achieve" 1] ["achime" 1] ["active" 1]) (levenshtein :done) {:calls 400, :hits 0, :misses 400 :count-chars 5168 :bytes 10376} (best "achive" dict-ac) (["achieve" 1] ["achime" 1] ["active" 1]) (levenshtein :done) {:calls 800, :hits 400, :misses 400 :count-chars 5168 :bytes 10376}
As you can see, the first time the best function is invoked it generates 400 misses, while the second time it results in all hits. We can also estimate the memory taken by the strings stored in memory which is around 10Kb.
The second aspect to consider when using memoize is the additional hash-map assoc operation and atom swap! that is added for each new key combination presented as input. The hash-map adds O(n log n) steps to add a new key while the atom could under-perform under heavy thread contention. Depending on the application requirement, memoize could be built on top of a transient data structure to avoid the performance penalty of filling the cache. Another option to consider, when possible, is "warming the cache": while the application is still not serving live traffic, the cache could be populated artificially with the most common keys.
Now that you know some of the ins and outs of using memoize, perhaps you’re more interested in learning more about the Clojure standard library. If so, download the free first chapter of Clojure Standard Library and see thia Slideshare presentation for more details.
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小説を書くための投資、何ができるだろう
頭から宣伝ですみませんが、コバルトの短編小説新人賞で最終選考に残ったのでサイトに掲載されました。伊藤影踏「高原にさす光」よかったら読んでくださいね。イケ獣王様(未来永劫人間にならない)のもとに嫁入りしたちいさい和蕃公主のお話です。
で、たまには小説の書き方みたいなことも記事にしようかな、と思って書きました。
先日こんなツイートが回ってきました。
��拡散希望】 小説を書く方に質問です。 音楽をするなら楽器に、スポーツをするならその道具にお金をかけると思いますが、小説を書くあなたが、小説を書くためにお金をかける部分はどこですか?PCや文房具などが思い当たりますが、できれば詳細に教えていただけるとい嬉しいです…!
— あとーす (@ATOHSaaa) 2017年12月12日
ついリプしてしまったのでツリーにわたしのマジレスがぶら下がっていてお恥ずかしいのですが、わたしは要するに「大学の学費です」とお答えしました。小説書くために行ったわけでも自分の金で行ったわけでもないんですが、小説を書くためにいちばん役に立っていていちばん金額が多くかかっているのは大学の勉強だな、と。
大学の勉強といっても、講義の内容やゼミで読んだ文献が直接ネタになっているわけではありません。どちらかというと、資料の探し方、読み方を学べたこと(あと、大学図書館の利用証)が一生ものの財産だな、と思っています。
書く前に読むとして、何を読むか
ネタ探しならWikipediaで十分かもしれませんね。
でも、研究書や学術論文がわたしたちに与えてくれる情報量はすごいんです。すごいがゆえに、いきなり論文をあさっても直接ネタにはならないことがほとんどです。
わたしの学んだ基本的な資料の探し方は、
調べたいキーワードをまとめる(例:昔の中国にあった茶館について調べたい→中国、茶館、明代or清代……)
蔵書検索もしくは論文検索で調べたいことに関連した本もしくは論文を見つける(ニッチなキーワードだと本にまとまっていることはあんまりないです)(難しすぎたり微妙に目的とずれていてもひとまずOK)
調べたかったことの手がかりがつかめそうな参考文献や注をたどって次の文献へ
の繰り返しです。
ここで重要なのは、参考文献をたどる(注を読む)ことです。
例えば論文をひとつ見つけたら、その論文の「はじめに」では必ず研究の概況や先行研究について触れられています。自分で「このジャンル初めてだけど、とりあえず何を押さえればいいのかな……」と悩むより手っ取り早く基礎知識へのとっかかりがつかめます。
さらに、複数の著者の論文を比べながら読むことで、知識の偏りをなくせます。わたしが中二病まっさかりだったころあたりから「これ一冊買えばファンタジーが書ける!図解なんちゃらかんちゃら」みたいな本どんどん増えてきていますが、それはその「図解なんちゃらかん��ゃら」を書いた人のフィルターを通した情報でしかないです。自分で地道に集めた知識や情報にはかないません。
また、自分で地道に情報を集めていると、情報どうしが食い違っていたりまだ研究が及んでいなくてよくわからないこともあります。そういうところの整合性をつけるために自分で判断したり、隙間を埋めたりする想像力は小説書きにとって最も大事な能力です。
蛇足ですが、「図解なんちゃらかんちゃら」系の本ってけっこう高いですよね。かさばるし。しかし、学術論文は無料でPDFダウンロードできるものがけっこうあります(いちばん読みたいやつに限ってできなかったりもしますが)。
とりあえずcinii。「論文検索」でキーワードを入力して、「本文あり」をクリックして検索すれば本文をダウンロードできるものだけ表示されます。
小説を書くために小説を読むこと
ここまで「いや、書きたいのは論文じゃなくて小説なんですけど……」と突っ込まれそうなことをつらつらと書いてきました。
確かに小説を読むことは大事です。論文だけ読んでいても小説が書けるようにはなりません。
でも、漫然と小説を読んでいても、やっぱり小説が書けるようにはならないと思います。
大事なのは吸収するために意識して読むことです。
英単語も単語帳を眺めているだけでは頭に入ってこないって言いませんか?
それと同じで、小説を読むときも「この情景はこんなふうに表現したらきれいなんだな」とか、「こういう語り方もあるのか」と気づきながら読むことで、自分のものにすることができます。
しかし、そうして吸収できるのは小説を書くための技法です。
小説に限らず、物語を作るためには知識が必要です。
小説で知識を得ることも、確かにあるかもしれませんね。でも、その知識が事実かどうかは、作家は保証してくれません。それに、小説から得られる知識は、やはりその作家のフィルターを通したものでしかありません。さらにいえば、その小説を書くために必要だった知識が詰まっているのみで、別にあなたの小説を書くための知識を提供してくれているわけではないのです。つまり、足りない部分があればやっぱり自分で調べるしかないということ。
知識と技法を能動的に自分のものにしていって初めて良い小説が書けるのだとわたしは思っています。
だからなんか、お金っていうより時間じゃない?
時は金なりって言いますけど、他に何もせずに一心不乱に文字を追い、文字を��っていられる時間をお金で買えるなら(例えば大学7年間とかね)それが小説の肥やしになるんじゃないかなあ、と思うわけです。
あえてお金で買える、道具に限定して!っていうことであれば、今はiPadとBluetoothキーボードかな……。あのね、Windowsパソコンで文章書いてるならかなり時間ロスしてますよ(つけっぱなしにしてない限り)。あいつらが起動するまでの時間を当たり前だと思い込まされているのはちょっと非人道的です。「思いついたときにサクサク書ける」っていうのめちゃめちゃ大事なんで、せめてiPhoneお持ちだったらキーボードの導入だけでも検討してみてください。
わたしが使ってるのはこれかな。折りたたみ式だと折れ目がダメになりそうで、薄くて軽い一枚板のやつを使っています。これと適当にテキストエディタアプリ(数百円でも課金したほうが結局ストレスフリーなことが多いです)で快適執筆生活を送っています。
なんか締め方が思いつかないので、最後にもう一回。 コバルトの短編小説新人賞で最終選考のドンケツに引っかかっています。伊藤影踏「高原にさす光」よかったら読んでください。よろしくお願いします。
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5 signs you have an incredibly strong personality (and you won’t take shit from anyone)
People with strong personalities often get a lot of flack for being so outgoing and forward about what they want or are willing to put up with in life.
It takes a special kind of person to know themselves so well that they don’t need to bother with crap others flying at them.
They are comfortable in their own skin, and they know how they want to spend their time, and that makes a lot of people really uncomfortable.
Here are 5 signs that you have a strong personality that says you won’t take shit from anyone, no matter what.
1) Simple Conversations Bore You
People with strong personalities are very intelligent, and they do not have time for boring or useless conversations that don’t contribute to their missions in life.
This can be bothersome for people who are trying to interact with those with strong personalities, but unfortunately for them, you have better things to do than sit around and gossip and worry your life away.
2) Ignorance Makes You Crazy
When you have a strong personality, it can be hard to hold back the urge to scream at stupid people, especially people who are stupid because of their ignorance.
Ignorance at any level is not tolerated by you, and shouldn’t be tolerated by anyone else.
But you’ve already made up your mind that you won’t be associated with those kinds of people.
While you could try to turn their eye toward a more enlightened outlook on life, you know that your time is better spent with people who don’t ignore or belittle others.
3) Excuses Are For the Weak
As a person with a strong personality, you don’t take no for an answer, and you don’t let others off the hook so easily.
You expect people to arrive when they said they would show up, whether it’s a business meeting or brunch.
You don’t let others get away with excuses because you expect more from people.
And if they don’t measure up, well it’s their loss because you are moving on to be around people who respect your time, friendship and companionship.
4) You Don’t Need the Attention of Others
With social media use on the constant rise, you find seeking the attention of others to be a bore.
You can praise and entertain yourself and don’t need to seek the approval or attention of others, especially online.
You know that your time is best spent doing the things that you enjoy and being with the people who matter most.
Why worry about what anyone else thinks? If they aren’t in your immediate circle of very important people than you don’t need their attention.
5) You Make Your Own Opportunities
People with strong personalities are not afraid to ask for the things they want, and this can be a little unnerving for those of us who sit by the phone waiting for it to ring ripe with opportunity.
The calls never come, and you know that the only way to get what you want is to go out and grab it for yourself.
This is pretty intimidating for people who don’t have the confidence to build their life in their own visions, but you know that opportunities are best when they are sought out and conquered.
You’ve got the know-how, the drive, and the personality to make sure your life is exactly as you hoped it would be, except instead of hoping, you’re working at it.
People with strong personalities embrace change and accept the challenges of life head-on. They don’t sit around and wait for people to solve problems for them.
When someone has a strong personality, they can be thought of a rash or curt, but the truth is that people with strong personalities just know what they want and what they need to do to get it.
It’s alarming for others to watch sometimes because the majority of people don’t know how to go about creating a life that they want for themselves.
It means that people with strong personalities aren’t taking shit from anyone because they don’t have time to worry about those people; if someone isn’t helping you, they are hindering you and you just need to push that out of your life right now.
Whatever you want in life will be yourself because strong personalities know how to get things done and don’t let others get in their way.
Lachlan Brown
Filed under: Relationships Tagged: atributes, me, outgoing, Personality, Relationships from WordPress http://ift.tt/2AoSzKM via IFTTT
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Berlin has been through quite a bit of history from the devastation of the Second World War to almost 40 years of divided East and West Berlin by the construction of the Berlin Wall during the Cold War. Although it has been about 30 years since the collapse of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany, Deutsche Demokratische Republik, or DDR) and reunification of West and East Germany, you can still visit historical landmarks associated with the Berlin Wall era. Besides these historical sights, Berlin is also known for its excellent museums – almost 170 of them and there is even an island of museums called Museum Island (Museumsinsel). During my short 5D4N trip in Berlin with Scoot (yes! Scoot now flies direct from Singapore to Berlin!), besides trying 11 different interesting dining experiences in Berlin, I had also checked out over 8 historical sights and museums in Berlin.
If you like to visit museums, then this is the post for you as I will provide you with a quick overview of what you can see in these 8 historical sights and museums around Berlin. To get started, I strongly recommend that you buy the Berlin WelcomeCard which gives you access to all public transport (buses and U-bahn and S-bahn) as well as discounts on selected tours and museum. If you are going to visit a number of museums, I also recommend that you buy the 3-day Berlin Museum Pass (29 Euros) which provides you with free admission to over 30 museums for 3 consecutive days – see this link for the list of museums covered by the Berlin Museum pass.
A post shared by Zhiqiang and Tingyi (@passportchop) on Jun 21, 2018 at 3:02am PDT
DDR Museum (located at Karl-Liebnecht-Straße 1 facing the back of the Berliner Dom cathedral is the DDR Museum). DDR stands for Deutsche Demokratische Republik which was what East Germany was called back then. The DDR Museum truly lives up to its slogan – “History You Can Touch”. It is the only museum dedicated to life in the former DDR, from everyday life in the Socialist state to the impact of living with the Stasi and the Berlin Wall. Here in the DDR Museum, there are lots of interactive displays – you can touch pretty much everything e.g. the toys that the East German children used to play with back then, and even drive a classic East German car – Trabant virtually! There is even a mock up of a typical East Berlin apartment and Stasi (East Germany secret police) interrogation room and prison. As you go through the exhibits, you will notice that the East Germans are subject to propaganda messages about how good the East is and how bad the West is and indoctrination starts very early – even with children.
Entrance fee to the DDR Museum is 8.50 Euros for adults and 5.50 Euros for children. The museum is not very big but it may take you some time to go through the museum if you like to see the level of details of the mock-up apartment and the large number of interesting East German artifacts.
Roman Market Gate of Miletus
And this concludes our museum-hopping experience across Berlin. Check out these links for our experiences with in-flight meals during the flight from Singapore to Berlin and back with Scoot and our other interesting dining experiences in Berlin as well as our day trip to Potsdam.
Scoot flies from Singapore to Berlin on Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Sunday, departing Singapore at 12.25am and arriving at Berlin Tegel airport at 7.20am, and from Berlin to Singapore on Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Sunday, departing Berlin at 9.40am and arriving at Singapore at 3.45am (one day later). The best part about landing at Berlin Tegel Airport is the airport’s proximity to the Berlin city centre. After clearing immigrations and collecting your baggage, you can be at your hotel in the city centre within 20 minutes
The Singapore to Berlin (and return) flight is on the spacious 787 Dreamliners which offer several amenities and services suited to long-haul travel e.g. inflight Wi-Fi, in-seat power and inflight ScooTV entertainment streamed to guests’ own devices (paid services). Promotional fares from Singapore to Berlin start as low as SGD 239 one way for Economy FLY option.
#><strong>1#0000ff;#><strong>3#FFF;#F8F8F8;#c9c8cd;#><strong>5#/tickets/list?museum_id=14#>7#0000ff;>2#0000ff;><strong>4#0000ff;>6#0000ff;><strong>8
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Is-it Love? Drogo Triche Astuce En Ligne Énergie
<h2><span style="color: #0000ff;"><a style="color: #0000ff;" href="http://www.is-itlovedrogotricheastuce.com/">Is-it Love? Drogo Triche Astuce En Ligne Énergie Illimite</a></span></h2> <p><span style="color: #000000;">Prendre l'avantage que vous avez toujours voulu avec l'aide de ceci Is-it Love? Drogo triche qui dispose de toutes le Énergie incluses. Ce jeu capture un amour aventure qui a ajouté de nouveaux chapitres régulièrement. Votre personnage est une fille qui a décidé d'aller à mystère sort et suivez chaque l'un des cours disponibles. Vous avez été engagé en tant que fille au pair pour la famille Bartholy et vous êtes responsable de peu de Lorie. La ville où ils vivent a été pensée cette famille pourrait être formé de vampires mais tout le monde a été trop peur de le dire à voix haute. Mais ils ne sont pas les seuls à garder des secrets. 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Drogo Triche Astuce Caractéristiques:</strong></span><br /><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>– Gagner illimité Énergie</strong></span><br /><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>– Testé sur téléphones mobiles et tablettes Android et iPhone, iPad, iPod, iPad Mini et d'autres appareils iOS!</strong></span><br /><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>– N'avez pas besoin de Root votre appareil Android ou Jailbreak de votre appareil iOS !</strong></span><br /><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>– L'accès en ligne gratuit 24 heures sur 24!</strong></span><br /><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>– Aucun téléchargement ou installation nécessaire!</strong></span><br /><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>– Mise à jour à chaque fois qu'avec la version du jeu!</strong></span><br /><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>– Système anti-ban pour la sécurité votre compte (vous ne pourrez jamais être banni si utiliser nos astuces)</strong></span><br /><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>– Très simple à utiliser par toute personne et il a une interface conviviale.</strong></span><br /><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>– Avoir accès à un nombre illimité de Énergie et d'obtenir un avantage dans le jeu Is-it Love? 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Drogo Triche Générateur en ligne, veuillez prendre contact avec nous en utilisant notre page de contact ou pour une communication plus rapide,envoyez-nous un e-mail ou un message et nous wil vous aider immédiatement !</strong></span></h5> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>Ici vous trouverez les dernières astuces en ligne pour jeux!</strong></span></p> <h4 style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>Analyse antivirus en temps réel!</strong></span></h4> <p style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-305" src="http://cheatsonlinegames.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/virus-scan.gif" alt="" width="620" height="320" /></span></p> <h2 style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;"><strong>Dernière mise à jour!</strong></span></h2> <h1 style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #000000;"><iframe src="http://free.timeanddate.com/clock/i3nx4oww/n407/fs24/fcf00/tct/pct/tt1/tw0" width="219" height="30" frameborder="0"></iframe></span></h1> <p><span style="color: #000000;"><a style="color: #000000;" href="http://www.is-itlovedrogotricheastuce.com"><img class="size-full wp-image-313 aligncenter" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="http://jeuxtricheastuce.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/button-fr-e1488231301280.png" alt="" width="270" height="80" /></a></span></p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>Is-it Love? 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Crash of Cars Triche Astuce En Ligne Gemmes et Pieces Illimite
<h2><span style="color: #0000ff;"><a style="color: #0000ff;" href="http://crashofcarstriche.jeuxtricheastuce.fr/">Crash of Cars Triche Astuce En Ligne Gemmes et Pieces Illimite</a></span></h2> <p>Vous pouvez enfin utiliser ce nouvel Crash of Cars triche astuce parce qu’il est prêt pour vous.</p> <p>Vous pouvez utiliser ce nouvel Crash of Cars Triche tout de suite pour gagner et gérer toutes les Gemmes et Pieces que vous souhaitez parce qu’il va travailler très bien pour vous. Vous pouvez parier que si vous décidez d’utiliser ce tapis vous réussirez à être protégés. Personne ne sera jamais avis le fait que vous êtes en train de tromper parce que la fonction Anti-Ban va bien travailler et il va masquer l’ensemble de vos données personnelles et privées. 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【台南市-中西區】新光影城8樓出現乾燥花早午餐๑♡∀♡๑『誠沏茶飲-台南新光影城店』除了茶飲,還提供美美的用餐區喔!等電影放映前不無聊~揪閨蜜來吹冷氣吃鬆餅,管它外面太陽多熱情O(≧▽≦)O
搭著手扶梯直上新光影城的8樓,竟出現乾燥花、小物、高腳椅,超適合IG打卡的用餐等候區(=゚Д゚=)~
【誠沏茶飲-台南新光影城店】提供飲品、飯糰、滷味等輕點心,讓看電影又多了新選擇!
※現在於8月底前來店消費並於結帳時出示電影票根,還有折扣優惠耶\(^o^)/※
挑高的新光8樓,【誠沏茶飲-台南新光影城店】用乾燥花束、簡約的風格,妝點成唯美的用餐區~
現在於8月底前來店消費,並於結帳時出示電影票根,享有9折的優惠喔!
肚子有些餓的話,除了飲品,誠沏也有提供輕食的餐點可解解饞呢 (๑´ڡ`๑)
誠沏的飲品名稱都很文青呢~櫃檯旁的樣品展示杯,可依個人喜好選擇瓶蓋顏色喔^^
茶品類-山木‧自有色︱醇奶類-天光‧襯薄霧︱鮮奶茶-澤氣‧沉沙白︱加料類-初晴‧雲裡虹︱咖啡類-回味‧戀時光
【誠沏茶飲-台南新光影城店】除了飲品外,現更提供可外帶至電影院方便享用的輕食小品喔^^~
入座抬頭,被一束束的乾燥花吸去了目光~桌上擺放著一個個的小物,也不遜色的綻放靜謐的美......
可內用的餐點-飯團子(可外帶)︱沏沏滷家(可外帶)︱布朗曲(早午餐限內用)
先來好好瞧瞧要吃啥喝啥好呢ヘ( ̄▽ ̄*)ノ~
布朗曲早午餐系列【哇芙早午餐】
鬆餅+新鮮水果+鮮奶油+冰淇淋+40元飲品(可補差價)
外酥脆內柔軟的十穀米鬆餅,愈吃甜味愈顯呢~
沾些淋上巧克力醬的香草冰淇淋或鮮奶油,綿滑細膩絲絲柔嫩呢^~^
共有三種新鮮的水果-蘋果、柳橙、奇異果~都是選用當季的蔬果喔!香甜脆口~
茉香醇奶綠是用紐西蘭奶粉做成的奶茶風味~再拌入綠茶的清爽風,很輕盈舒爽不重負擔呢≡^ˇ^≡
布朗曲早午餐系列【團子早午餐】
飯糰x3+沙拉+比利時鬆餅+湯品+蛋+40元飲品(可補差價)+煙燻里肌肉片&德式香腸(二選一)
香鬆調味的飯糰,米飯吃起來軟中帶Q,愈咬愈有純米帶香鬆的甜香~
煎蛋偏濕軟的口感+巴西里的調味~偏西式風味的蛋品!
甜甜香香的比利時鬆餅,蠻鬆軟綿密的呢^^
可可臻心的咖啡飲品,是用中淺的阿拉比卡豆~果香味蠻突出的,入喉柔順及可可的香醇,很契合的一品~
方便帶著走,簡單享用的【沏沏滷家】~
盒裝超方便,內用外帶都可以!看電影的新選擇~附免洗叉及濕紙巾,好食易擦拭,輕鬆享受!
海帶、大豆干、黑輪、貢丸、米血、豬頭皮~有滋有味真好咬!邊看電影邊配食,OK的啦^Q^~
等候電影放映前、與朋友相約享輕食、美食街裡晃到不知要吃啥時~
可以來8塿的【誠沏茶飲-台南新光影城店】喔!
簡單靜謐的一角,點杯咖啡、滑個手機、翻閱書本~就算只有一人也是很適合的好去處呢d=(´▽`)=b
✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩
誠沏茶飲-台南新光影城店
地址:台南市中西區西門路一段658號8樓
時間:週一到週日11:00~22:00
服務專線:(06)303-0701
粉絲頁:誠沏茶飲 台南新光影城店
公休日:以新光三越西門館公告為主
✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩‧~‧✩
【台南市中西區】蓮昭旺牛肉湯~知名豆乳雞土雞鍋人氣店改賣牛肉料理依然水準十足!
【台南-中西區】Mumu小巴黎:精緻美饌,炫目的火焰調酒,帶給你異國浪漫氛圍的微醺享受。
【台南市-中西區】在英倫的法式饗宴裡,品著主廚優雅的甜點及早午餐,一場『臉紅的相遇T.F.P』即將展開~~~L(OεV)E
【台南市-中西區】每日手做限量野生愛玉的『羅妹妹野生檸檬愛玉冰-樹林店』選用海拔1800尺以上所產的高山愛玉子!搭配蝶豆花的繽紛色彩~讓愛玉飲品也可很多彩多姿ヾ(¯∇ ̄๑)
【台南市-中西區】必吃高CP值的芒果牛奶雪花冰,超多愛文芒果果肉、自製芒果醬、雪花冰讓你吃到嫑嫑的冰涼好滋味|正興街商圈|國華街商圈
【台南市-中西區】湯姆嗑吐司2.0版 全新上市! 媲美丹丹的平民美味,銅板價就能吃飽飽!還有讚岐烏龍麵可吃喔~
【台南市-中西區】台南最便宜牛肉湯,只要六十元!每日善化直送溫體牛,品嚐最鮮甜的滋味@台牛牛肉湯-保安路店
【台南市-中西區】『拿滋派瑞』將夏威夷豆塔與婚禮小物客製成新人的專屬伴手禮~絲絲甜蜜的口感帶著婚禮雋永的浪漫寫詩~送禮︱自購均適宜♡(♡˙︶˙♡)♡
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일본 대머리 극좌 정치인이 엽기
New Post has been published on http://iofferwith.xyz/%ec%9d%bc%eb%b3%b8-%eb%8c%80%eb%a8%b8%eb%a6%ac-%ea%b7%b9%ec%a2%8c-%ec%a0%95%ec%b9%98%ec%9d%b8%ec%9d%b4-%ec%97%bd%ea%b8%b0/
일본 대머리 극좌 정치인이 엽기
일본 대머리 극좌 정치인이 엽기
일본 정치가 조금 후진것은 알고 있었으나…
이런 인물이 나서야 할 정도라니… ^^ 실화인가?
location.target = “_blank”; location.href=”http://partner.inlove.co.kr/?p_id=ttiik0421&ad_code=m_intro”;
ff0000″>enjoyjapan 가서 물어봐야 하나?
나루호도…. 토야마코우이치…. 기억하겠다…. 근데 포스터가… 어디 있나?
>> 요약글 맨 아래 눌러보면 펌함…
그를 검색해보다 아놔…
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l2C9lv5t0yQ&mode=related&search= 원본 영상 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cHR2jXjgIMM&mode=related&search= 장엄함 버전 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lbsbmvPy248&mode=related&search= 드래곤볼 크리링 버전
그외 많습니다.
location.target = “_blank”; location.href=”http://partner.inlove.co.kr/?p_id=ttiik0421&ad_code=m_intro”;
99cc66″>
254694
location.target = “_blank”; location.href=”http://partner.inlove.co.kr/?p_id=ttiik0421&ad_code=m_intro”;
006699″>허허… 허경영의 라이벌이라…
外山恒一 ~ !
( 외로이 산에 언제나 홀로 있네 ) … ‘_’ …
5’22 9’49 MAD 황제폐하
훗 아이도루 마수타 에서 경악~
idol master
Wikipedia Japan 까지 나올 정도라니… 진짜 감옥 가긴 갔었나 보네… 히야… 어록까지 있을 정도라니… 장난은 아닌가 보군화~
일본 대머리 극좌 정치인이 엽기
外山恒一語録』
location.target = “_blank”; location.href=”http://partner.inlove.co.kr/?p_id=ttiik0421&ad_code=m_intro”;
0482D6;”>>더보기……………. 토야마코이치 에게 한표��� ~
location.target = “_blank”; location.href=”http://partner.inlove.co.kr/?p_id=ttiik0421&ad_code=m_intro”;
0482D6;”>>접기
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校正で世界を征服しよう。
とは言うものの、作品の最終的な姿を決めるのは作者さんですので、変更を強制はしません。はい。
校正、必要な技術だと思う
絵師に表紙や挿絵を頼むみたいにもっと他の人に校正してもらう文化が定着してもいいのでは?校正もそれは技術が必要だけど、絵を描くみたいに校正を学ぶ字書きが増えてもいいと思うな〜〜……
— 禁酒11日目 (@nestingpigeon) 2017年4月7日
絵師はデッサン狂ってたら「上手いね」とはなかなか言ってもらえません。厳しい世界です。だからみんな必死で上手くなろうと努力します。色塗りや線画、苦手なところは人それぞれありますが、基礎はやっぱりデッサンです。どんなに鮮やかなカラーが塗れても、きれいな線が引けても、複雑骨折した絵ではなんだか残念です。
絵師にとってのデッサン力が、文字書きにとっての日本語の正しさだと私は思っています。「正しい日本語」は「美しい日本語」とは違います。ここで言う「正しい」とは、言葉の来歴を必要以上にさかのぼったり、規範で縛ったりするのではなく、明らかな間違いを排除した上で多くの人に伝わりやすい文章のことです。
明らかな間違い、たとえば「一応」を「いちよう」って書くとか。「延々と」を「永遠と」って書くとか。もっと明らかなところで誤字・脱字とか。
知っていれば防げる間違いもありますが、誰でも最初は知らないものですし、知っていてもうっかりすることもあります。
そこで必要なのが校正だと思っています。
校正、自分でできないこともないですが、客観的に見てもらったほうが絶対いいです。「伝わるかどうか」って点はやっぱり他人に読ませてみるのが一番ですから。
同人誌の校正を請け負ってる人もいる
テキスト系同人誌校正させてよのまとめ - Togetterまとめ
校正のボランティア――同人誌をもっと読みやすくしてみませんか!?(L) - 本質的にちくらぎ
ぐぐってぱっと出たところだけなので、まだいらっしゃるとは思いますが……。文章校正の依頼というジャンルでなら、ココナラとかでいろいろあるみたいです。
しかし、まだまだ同人誌の校正を人に依頼する文化が広まっているとはいえません。そもそも自己流の校正でいいのか、請け負うとして有償なのか無償なのか、いくらもらえばいいのか。だいたい締め切りギリギリまで書いてるから人に校正してもらう時間なんてないし!
めっちゃわかります。みんなギリギリまで必死ですよね。それに誤字・脱字があってもちょっと笑っちゃうくらいで、世界が滅びるわけでなし、趣味でやってるんだし……。
でも、誤字・脱字があるっていうのは、絵師で言ったら指4本しかないくらいの致命的なミスだと私は思います。
指4本しかなくてもかわいい絵は描けるかもしれません。でも、そんな絵を世に出して、あなた自身が満足ですか?
趣味でやってるならなおさら、満足いくものを出したいですよね?
人に校正してもらえば、とりあえず指5本に直すことは誰でもできるでしょう。
さらに校正する人によっては他のデッサン崩れも指摘してもらえるかもしれません。そこで「ここは崩れてるけど、崩れてたほうがかわいいから!」って決めるのは描いた人です。それが校正。
要は作者自身が、最も納得のいく形で作品を世に出すためのプロセスが校正だと私は考えています。
趣味で校正しよう
校正は今のところプロだけの技術みたいなところあります。特殊な訓練を受けないと身につかない、みたいな。
でも、昔は絵や文章を書くことそのものがプロだけの技術でした。今はどちらもこんなに多くの人が趣味として楽しんでいます。
ということは、校正だってアマチュアがかじっていいはずなんです。
確かに技術や知識は多めに必要です。でも、どちらも学べば確実に身につくもの。今までたくさん読書をしてきた人なら、ある程度は感覚的に身についていると思います。
とりあえずお友達の文章を読ませてもらって意見を言う、から始めるのもいいでしょう。
きちんと論理やルールを知りたい、と思ったらこの本が役に立ちます。500円で買える。スゴイ。
もう、小説読んでイライラしたくない
私怨で申し訳ございません。
私は誤字・脱字や誤用、形容詞の順番とかに厳しい人です。
もはや自分の美学にぴたっとハマる文章は自分で書く以外にないなってところまできているのですが、美学の押しつけではなく、純粋に文章をブラッシュアップするためにこの神経質を有効利用していただきたいと思うのです。
もちろん、上で述べたように作品の最終的な姿を決めるのは作者さんであり、私の細かい指摘をいちいち全部受け入れる必要はありません。
でもきっと、新しい気づきを提供できると思います。
というわけで、校正のご依頼を承ります。
おまえの校正ってどんなもんじゃい! とりあえずこれに赤ペン入れてみやがれ! って感じでprivatter投げつけるとかでも大丈夫なので、お気軽にご相談ください。
とりあえず小さな文は無償で承りますが、同人誌の校正をしてほしいなど、文字数が多く責任の発生するご依頼は有償でと考えています。(300円〜くらい。paypalかAmazonギフト券なんかでOKです)
納期・価格、ご相談に乗ります。まずはtwitterかprivatterのメッセージボックスまでご連絡ください。
Follow @nestingpigeon
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お前を万年筆沼に引き込む話
わたしは主にインク沼の浅瀬でぱちゃぱちゃ遊んでいる程度なのですが、そこまで深みにはまらずとも万年筆はたのしい。
高いお金を出さなくても、深い知識を蓄えなくても、とにかく万年筆で書くのはたのしい!
気軽に万年筆に触れてください。
手持ちの万年筆を紹介しよう
ぷれらたんは「ザ・万年筆」という見た目がよいです。銀色のクリップといい、スゥ……パチッて閉まるキャップといい、「万年筆を使っている……」という静かな感動を与えてくれます。お値段もお手頃で、カラーバリエーションも豊富。中字を使っていますが、書き味もよくインクの濃淡が味わえて、手持ちの中では最も万年筆らしい万年筆だと思います。はじめの一本にオススメ。
かくのたんは一時話題になりましたね。千円で買えるので、軽率に買ってしまった人も多かったのではないでしょうか。わたしももう三本買ってしまいました(インク沼の住人はすぐ安価な万年筆を買い足す)。「はじめての万年筆」がコンセプトなせいか、ちょっと子供っぽい見た目なのが親しみやすくもあり、万年筆感に欠ける点でもあり、って感じです。とはいえ万年筆のいいところを楽しむには十分です。書き味はプレラより若干カリカリしてるかな? 某所で握ったときはめちゃめちゃぬるぬる書けたので調整や使い込みかた次第かもしれませんが。
ハイエースネオは断然クリアがオススメです。インクが浸透するところまで透明でインクの色を楽しめる万年筆としてはプロフィットジュニアのスケルトンが有名ですが、ハイエースネオクリアは千円で買えます。しかもスリムで携帯に便利。カクノと同じように千円で万年筆のいいところを楽しめ、しかもより大人っぽい見た目です(お店のお姉さんにボールペンと間違えられたので、あんまり万年筆感の強い見た目ではないですが)。細字を使っていますがインクフローがいいので筆記時のストレスはゼロ。それでいて細かい字も書けるので手帳に使うにもいいかもしれません。最近イチオシの万年筆です。
コンバーターを買おう
インクを楽しむならコンバーターは絶対に買ってください。万年筆とは別売りで、店頭に置いてないこともあるのでちょっとハードル上がりますが、カートリッジだけ使っているときとコンバーターでボトルインクを使っているときの万年筆の世界はまるで違います。
万年筆はメーカーによって適合するカートリッジやコンバーターが違います(輸入万年筆は共通規格だったりもしますが、上に挙げたのはすべて国産なので)。必ず店員さんに「この万年筆に合うコンバーターありますか?」って確認しましょう。
コンバーターを買うとふたついいことがあります。
インクを吸入するのがたのしい
インクを吸入するのは手も汚れるし面倒です。でもそのぶん「万年筆を使ってる余裕ある大人の俺」に酔うことができます。あと単純にねじ式のコンバーターだとくるくる回してインクが上がってくるのを見るのたのしい。
ボトルインクはめちゃめちゃ色がいっぱいある
やはりメインの楽しみはこれでしょう。有名なのは色彩雫ですね。ミニボトル三色セットが出てから買いやすくなりました。カートリッジだと、色はメーカーによりますが黒、赤、ブルーブラックの三色がいいところです。ボトルインクなら微妙な色が選び放題。後述しますが、自分で好きな色のインクを作ることもできます。
コンバーターなくしてインク沼はありません。インク沼は万年筆沼の中でもっとも手軽にはまれます。ぱっと見カートリッジより初期投資が多く見えますが、安価な万年筆だけで長く楽しむならインク沼です。ボトルインクも高いっつったって諭吉が飛ぶことはないし。
定価500円そこそことインク代出すだけで万年筆の世界がバーンと広がりますので、ぜひコンバーター使ってみてください。
万年筆で書く、という楽しみ
万年筆を手に入れると、次は紙やインクに凝りたくなります。
東京が近いかたにとてもオススメなのが蔵前のカキモリさん。オーダーノートのお店として知られていますが、お隣にインクスタンドがあって、自分でインクを混ぜて好きな色を作れます。小さいスポイトとビーカーでちまちま実験みたいなことをするのは控えめに言って最高に楽しい。
カキモリさんでオーダーノートを作るのももちろんオススメです。万年筆の書き味は、実は紙によってだいぶ変わります。カキモリは常時約30種類の紙を選べ、一冊のノートの中に違う種類の紙を入れることもできるので、いろいろ試すには最適。万年筆の試し書きもできます。
東京が遠いかたでも比較的手に入れやすいのはミドリのノートでしょうか。
サイズは文庫、新書、A5と選べ、書き味のよい用紙でできています。カバーが別売りでちょっと高く感じるかもしれませんが、文庫か新書判なら市販のブックカバーも使えます。
とにかく万年筆に適した用紙に書いたときの感動はスゴイので、一冊高級ノートを持っておくといいと思います。
もちろん安い紙に書けないということはありません。さすがにコミック紙みたいなざらざらした紙や和紙だと引っかかりますが、普通のノートにも書けますし、私はいつもただの白い紙(幼児用のおえかきちょうを半分に切った紙)に万年筆でガリガリ書いています。
あと、「ぬらぬら書く」をコンセプトにした紙もあります。
使ってみましたが、安い価格帯の万年筆だとあんまり恩恵は実感できないかな。ペン先が金の本格万年筆ならウヒョー! ってなるかもしれません。
気軽にはじめる万年筆
万年筆を楽しむために必要な費用をおさらいしてみましょう。
万年筆本体 ¥1000~
最近1000円くらいの万年筆でも十分楽しめるのが増えてきました。もう少し出せるなら3000円あればずいぶん選択肢が増えます。何もウン万する輸入万年筆を買わなくても大丈夫です。
コンバーター だいたい¥500
どこのメーカーもだいたい500円くらいです。
ボトルインク まあ¥1500~ みとけば大丈夫
1000円くらいからありますが、いろんな色があるボトルインクのシリーズは1500円くらいのが多いかな。好きな色を選ぶのが一番です。
ノート ¥1000あれば十分(オーダーノートはもうちょっとかかるかも)
これは「あればより楽しめる」だけで、最初はなくても大丈夫です。持ち歩いて遊びやすい、気に入ったノートを選ぶといいでしょう。
合わせて4000円~ あれば沼に足を踏み入れるには十分です。一葉さんひとりでおつりが来ますね。
万年筆は、実際に書いてみるとその魅力がよくわかります。
書くときの感触はもちろん、筆跡に現れるインクの濃淡は書き手の息づかいを感じさせる独特の魅力があります。
万年筆で書くと、どんな字でもなんとなく味わい深く見えるものです。
あと色インクでお絵かきするのもたのしい。
とりあえず「#インク沼」とかで検索してみれば、楽しさの一端がうかがい知れるんじゃないでしょうか。
万年筆こわくないよ! 沼においでよ!
おまけ
先日仙台で入ってみたお店が楽しかったのでご紹介。
青山文庫
ブックカフェですが、万年筆と便せんを貸し出ししてくれます。
ゆうて百均の便せんとブルーブラックのインクが入ったカクノなんですが、なんかここのカクノめっちゃぬるぬる書ける。なんでだろう。
あと、飲み物が死ぬほどデカいです。お水にレモン入れるか聞いてくれるし。
お近くの方はぜひ行ってみてください。
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