#Genetic Research

[reasonsforhope]

"Similar to the expeditions of a hundred or two hundred years ago, the Tara Pacific expedition lasted over two years. Its goal was to research the conditions for life and survival of corals. The ship crossed the entire Pacific Ocean, assembling the largest genetic inventory conducted in any marine system to date. The team's 70 scientists from eight countries took around 58,000 samples from the hundred coral reefs studied.

The first results of the analysis have now been published in Nature Communications. This largest-ever data set collection on coral reef ecosystems is freely available, and for years to come, will be the basis for elucidating the living conditions for corals and finding a way for them to survive climate change.

Important first results of the expedition show that global microbial biodiversity is much higher than previously thought. The impacts of the environment on evolutionary adaptation are species-specific, and important genes in corals are duplicated.

Global biodiversity ten times higher than assumed

Coral reefs are the most biologically diverse marine ecosystem on Earth. Although they cover only 0.16% of the world's oceans, they are home to about 35% of known marine species. Using a genetic marker-based data set, the researchers found that all of the globally estimated bacterial biodiversity is already contained in the microorganisms of coral reefs.

"We have been completely underestimating the global microbial biodiversity," says Christian Voolstra, professor of genetics of adaptation in aquatic systems at the University of Konstanz and scientific coordinator of the Tara Pacific expedition. He says the current estimate of biodiversity (approximately five million bacteria) is underestimated by about a factor of 10.

Impacts of the environment on evolutionary adaptation are species-specific

The 32 archipelagos studied serve as natural laboratories and provide a wide range of environmental conditions, allowing scientists to disentangle the relationships between environmental and genetic parameters across large spatial scales. This led to another important finding: The effects the environment has on evolutionary adaptation trajectories of corals are species-specific. To determine this, the researchers examined the telomeres, the ends of chromosomes that are the carriers of genetic information, for the first time.

In humans, the length of telomeres decreases during life; that is, with an increasing number of cell divisions, suggesting that biological age is closely linked to the length of telomeres. Researchers on the Tara Pacific expedition have now found that the telomeres in very stress-resistant corals are always the same length. "They apparently have a mechanism to preserve the lengths of their telomeres," Voolstra concludes...

Important genes are duplicated

Research data from the Tara Pacific expedition brought to light that the long life of some coral species may have yet another reason: the duplication of certain genes. Many important genes are present multiple times in the genome. The researchers were able to determine this through sequencing of coral genomes employing a new high-resolution technique.

This technique, called long-read sequencing, makes it possible to not only determine the set of genes present, but also to look at their order in the genome. According to Voolstra, the pervasive presence of gene duplication could be a possible explanation for why corals can live for thousands of years despite being exposed, for instance, to extreme UV radiation in shallow waters.

The entire data collection is freely accessible

All data sets are openly accessible and fully described with accompanying physical and chemical measurements to provide them as a scientific resource to all researchers.

"This is unique," Voolstra says. "It is the largest data set collection on coral reefs ever collected and it is completely open access." The aspiration is that this data collection will serve as a foundation and inventory to guide future study of coral reefs worldwide for many years."

-via Phys.org, June 26, 2023

[mastergarryblogs]

Investor Alert: Why the Gene Silencing Market Could Be the Next Big Thing

Introduction

The global gene silencing market is experiencing unprecedented growth, driven by advancements in genetic research, increasing prevalence of genetic disorders, and the rising adoption of gene-silencing technologies in therapeutics and drug discovery. Valued at approximately USD 3.7 billion in 2024, the gene silencing market is projected to expand at a CAGR of over 17.6% from 2025 to 2032, reaching a valuation exceeding USD 15.9 billion by the end of the forecast period. This rapid expansion is fueled by the increasing demand for RNA interference (RNAi), CRISPR-based therapies, and antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) for targeted gene modulation.

Breakthroughs in gene-editing tools, AI-driven bioinformatics, and nanoparticle-based delivery systems are accelerating innovation and adoption. The use of gene silencing in treating cancer, neurological disorders, and rare genetic diseases, alongside the expansion of personalized medicine and cell and gene therapy applications, continues to strengthen market growth. Additionally, strategic partnerships between biotech firms, pharmaceutical companies, and research institutions are propelling advancements in gene-based therapies.

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Gene Silencing Market Dynamics

Key Drivers

Growing Adoption of Gene Silencing in Therapeutics

Increasing application of RNAi, CRISPR-Cas9, and ASOs in gene therapy.

Expansion of precision medicine initiatives leveraging gene silencing for personalized treatment.

Rising Prevalence of Genetic Disorders and Cancer

Escalating demand for innovative treatments for hereditary diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders.

Emerging gene silencing applications in rare genetic conditions and metabolic disorders.

Advancements in Gene-Editing Technologies

Enhancements in CRISPR-Cas systems for precise genetic modifications.

AI-driven bioinformatics for target identification and therapeutic development.

Strategic Collaborations and Investments in R&D

Increased funding for gene therapy research from public and private sectors.

Expansion of contract research organizations (CROs) and biotech partnerships.

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Gene Silencing Market Challenges

Regulatory and Ethical Constraints

Stringent guidelines governing gene-editing technologies.

Ethical concerns regarding genetic modifications and long-term effects.

Complexities in Gene Delivery Mechanisms

Challenges associated with targeted delivery and minimizing off-target effects.

Development of safe and efficient non-viral and nanoparticle-based delivery systems.

Gene Silencing Market Segmentation

By Technology

RNA Interference (RNAi) – Dominating with a 45.6% gene silencing market share in 2024, growing at a CAGR of 18.4%.

CRISPR-Cas9 – Fastest-growing segment at a CAGR of 21.2%.

Antisense Oligonucleotides (ASOs) – Significant adoption in genetic therapeutics.

DNA Methylation-Based Silencing – Emerging applications in epigenetic modifications.

By Delivery Method

Nanoparticle-Based Delivery – Leading with a 42.7% market share, growing at 19.6% CAGR.

Viral Vector-Based Delivery – Expanding at a CAGR of 18.9%.

Electroporation & Physical Delivery Methods – Increasing adoption in clinical applications.

Chemical Delivery Methods – Advancements in stability and efficacy.

By Disease Type

Cancer – Leading with a 38.9% market share, projected to grow at a CAGR of 19.7%.

Neurodegenerative Diseases – Fastest-growing at a CAGR of 20.3%.

Hereditary and Infectious Diseases – Expanding clinical applications.

Cardiovascular Diseases and Others – Rising demand for novel gene therapies.

By Application

Therapeutics – Dominating with a 60.4% market share, growing at 19.9% CAGR.

Research & Development – Expanding as biotech firms invest in preclinical research.

By End-User

Biotechnology & Pharmaceutical Companies – Holding a 48.7% market share, growing at 18.8% CAGR.

Academic & Research Institutes – Increasing focus on CRISPR-based studies.

Contract Research Organizations (CROs) – Expanding service offerings.

Hospitals & Diagnostic Centers – Rising adoption of gene silencing diagnostics.

By Region

North America – Leading with a 46.2% market share, fueled by R&D investments and regulatory approvals.

Asia Pacific – Fastest-growing at a CAGR of 20.8%, driven by biotech innovations in China, Japan, and India.

Europe, South America, and Middle East & Africa – Steady market expansion.

Competitive Landscape

Key industry players include:

Alnylam Pharmaceuticals – Expanding RNAi-based therapeutic portfolio.

Benitec Biopharma Inc. – Partnering for next-generation RNAi therapies.

Phio Pharmaceuticals – Advancing RNAi-based cancer immunotherapy.

Avidity Biosciences, Riboxx GmbH, Integrated DNA Technologies (IDT), Dyne Therapeutics, Bit Bio, Comanche Biopharma, Thermo Electron Corporation, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory Ltd., WuXi AppTec – Innovating in RNA-based therapeutics and strategic collaborations.

Emerging Trends and Future Outlook

Key Gene Silencing Market Trends

Expansion of Personalized Gene Therapies – Advancements in tailored treatments based on genetic profiling.

AI-Driven Drug Discovery – Integration of machine learning for gene target identification.

Development of Non-Viral Delivery Methods – Enhancing safety and efficiency.

CRISPR-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics – Rapidly evolving applications in precision medicine.

Blockchain for Genetic Data Security – Addressing concerns related to data privacy and patient confidentiality.

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Future Projections

With continued advancements in genetic research, evolving regulatory frameworks, and increasing global investments in genomic medicine, the gene silencing market is set for sustained expansion. Companies investing in breakthrough RNA-based therapeutics, innovative gene-editing tools, and AI-driven bioinformatics will lead the next phase of growth. As clinical trial success rates improve and new partnerships emerge, gene silencing technologies will play an integral role in reshaping the future of medicine.

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[frank-olivier]

Genetic Time Capsules: Uncovering Neanderthal and Denisovan Influences

The discovery of ancient hominin fossils such as Lucy and the Neanderthal has undoubtedly revolutionized our understanding of human evolution. These remarkable finds have not only challenged traditional theories but have also opened up new avenues for research, particularly in the field of paleoanthropology and the analysis of ancient DNA.

The excavation of Lucy, a 3.2 million year old hominin skeleton, was a turning point in paleoanthropology. Lucy provided crucial evidence for humanity's African origins and the early development of bipedalism, but it is important to acknowledge that the interpretation of Lucy's anatomy and its implications are the subject of ongoing debate among paleoanthropologists. While her skeleton shows a mix of ape- and human-like features, the degree to which she represents a transitional form and the exact nature of her locomotion remain areas of scientific investigation. The Institute of Human Origins (IHO) has played a significant role in advancing our understanding of human origins through its multidisciplinary approach. By bringing together experts from different fields, the IHO has contributed to a more holistic understanding of human evolution. This approach is particularly evident in their involvement in ancient DNA research, which has provided unprecedented insights into the genetic history of our species.

The pioneering work of Dr. Svante Pääbo, despite initial difficulties, paved the way for the successful sequencing of the Neanderthal genome. This achievement provided direct evidence of interbreeding between Neanderthals and modern humans and challenged long-held assumptions about the nature of their relationship. The impact of the Neanderthal Genome Project is revealing the genetic legacy of Neanderthals in present-day non-African populations and the extent and significance of this genetic contribution is still being investigated. Recent studies suggest that Neanderthal DNA may have been subject to selection in modern humans, with some regions showing signs of positive selection while others have been lost over time. This complexity adds another layer to our understanding of genetic interactions between ancient and modern humans.

The discovery of Denisovans, an ancient human species identified through DNA analysis, further complicates the story of human evolution. Denisovan DNA is found in modern populations of East Asia, Oceania, and Southeast Asia, with the highest concentrations in Aboriginal Australians and Papuans. The geographic distribution and population history of Denisovans are still not fully understood. Recent research suggests that Denisovans may have been more diverse and widespread, and may have interacted and interbred with other hominin groups. Studying the genomes of Neanderthals and Denisovans has provided valuable insights into physiological and health-related traits. While the discussion of genetic variants related to pain sensitivity and immune responses is intriguing, the functional implications of these variants are still being explored, and the complex interplay between genetic variants and their impact on modern human traits and diseases requires further investigation.

The Neanderthal genetic legacy in modern humans addresses the fascinating topic of inherited genetic variants and their potential impact on various traits and diseases. The example of the Neanderthal variant associated with premature birth and miscarriage is an excellent illustration of the complex nature of genetic inheritance. When interpreting the effects of these variants, the broader genetic and environmental context should also be considered. Research into Neanderthal genetic variants and their influence on brain development and cognition is fascinating. Using stem cells and organoids to study these effects is a significant advance in understanding the potential differences between Neanderthals and modern humans, but the combinatorial nature of the genetic variants is crucial. Modern humans possess a unique combination of genetic variants, and the interactions between these variants can significantly influence their effects.

The genetic legacy of early humans, particularly Neanderthals and Denisovans, has shaped our understanding of human evolution and genetic history and the study of ancient DNA has provided compelling evidence of interbreeding and genetic exchange between modern humans and these early humans. The genetic legacy of Neanderthals and Denisovans reminds us of the interconnected nature of human evolution and challenges us to explore the complex relationships between genetic factors, environmental influences, and the cultural practices that have shaped our species.

Svante Pääbo: Archaic Genomics (ASU Institute of Human Origins, November 2024)

Friday, November 8, 2024

[thepastisalreadywritten]

A bronze statue of a laboratory mouse knitting a double helix of DNA in order to honor all the mice that were sacrificed for genetic research to develop new drugs to fight diseases.

It was designed by Andrew Kharkevich and is located in Siberia, Russia.

The monument was completed on 1 July 2013, coinciding with the 120th anniversary of the founding of the city.

The monument commemorates the sacrifice of the mice in genetic research used to understand biological and physiological mechanisms for developing new drugs and curing diseases.

Sculptor Alexei Agrikolyansky, who created the statue, confessed that it was challenging to capture this moment, as the mouse was obviously not human.

Nevertheless, he had to produce a character with believable emotions while maintaining anatomical proportions, avoiding it looking like a cartoon character or a real mouse.

The DNA spiral emerging from the knitting needles winds to the left, symbolizing the still poorly understood Z-DNA - representing the scientific research that is yet to be done.

In contrast, the more common B-DNA winds to the right.

The very first photograph of DNA was captured by a woman named Rosalind Franklin (25 July 1920 – 16 April 1958) using X-ray technology, allowing James Dewey Watson (born April 6, 1928) and Francis Harry Compton Crick OM FRS (8 June 1916 – 28 July 2004) to accurately characterize the double helix.

While they went on to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962, Franklin was not credited.

Sadly, she had passed away in 1958 from ovarian cancer, most likely caused by the high radiation exposure she endured while working with X-rays to capture the image of the double helix.

🤎🤍🤎

[protoslacker]

Whereas most major human expansions involved latitudinal movements and hence went through regions with similar climatic conditions 20,21, the expansion of BSP is notable for largely being longitudinal with movements through regions with very different climatic conditions, encompassing a wide range of biomes. For example, the putative BSP homeland in the highlands of Nigeria and Cameroon differs considerably from the central African rainforest, the African savannas, and the dry conditions of southwestern Africa. Yet, BSP migrated to and settled in all these different habitats and climatic conditions. 

Cesar A. Fortes-Lima, et al. in bioRxiv. The genetic legacy of the expansion of Bantu-speaking peoples in Africa

Nature has a research briefing of this paper.

Among the many topics I know very little about but find fascinating is the Bantu Expansion. "A little knowledge is a dangerous thing" is something I constantly have to remind myself. But the diversity of cultures among Bantu language speakers has so intrigued me.

David Graeber's and David Wingrow's book, The Dawn of Everything, expanded the popular imagination of the variety of ways of living, and by extension expanded our ability to imagine possibles. Sometimes it is important to speak about "Africa." But that oversimplification tends to obscure hoe the people of that continent have as John Reader observes "a genius for small societies."

[genelancetbiosciences]

Advancements in genetic research have transformed how scientists modify DNA. CRISPR gene editing in Doylestown, Pennsylvania is changing the landscape of gene modification by providing a faster and more precise alternative to traditional methods.

[voiceofentrepreneurlife]

A Potent AI System for Genetic Research is Unveiled by Nvidia

Manufacturer of AI chips, with the goal of accelerating medical and genetic advancements, Nvidia announced on Wednesday that it and its research partners had developed what they describe as the largest artificial intelligence system to date for biological research.

Evo 2, the new artificial intelligence system, is able to read and create genetic code from all living species.

Researchers expect that by identifying patterns in massive volumes of data that would typically take years to evaluate manually, AI technology can significantly speed up research.

The algorithm was trained using about 9 trillion genetic data points from more than 128,000 distinct creatures, including humans, plants, and bacteria. Read more

[neosciencehub]

Understanding the Evolution of Indo-European Languages through Genetic Research

Recent advancements in genetic research have revealed significant insights into the evolution of Indo-European languages, shedding light on their origins and the migration patterns of early human populations. A groundbreaking study published in Nature has utilized ancient DNA analysis to trace the ancestry of languages spoken by nearly half of the world’s population today, including a detailed…

[wnewsroom365]

অদ্ভুত থাইলাসিন কি আবার ফিরে আসবে...!

[ricisidro]

New genetic research points to the Wuhan animal market as the origin of the COVID-19 pandemic. The market was a superspreader event when SARS-CoV-2 jumped from infected animals to humans, new study finds.

-https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2024-09-21/new-genetic-analysis-points-to-wuhan-market-as-covid-origin

-https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cy8095xjg4po

[dynamichealthinsights]

The Intricate Dance of Genes and Longevity: Decoding the Blueprint for a Longer, Healthier Life

The pursuit of longevity has been a constant thread woven through the tapestry of human history. From the mythical Fountain of Youth to the cutting-edge laboratories of today, our fascination with extending lifespan and enhancing the quality of our later years remains unwavering. In this age of scientific marvels, genetic research has emerged as a beacon of hope, illuminating the intricate…

[familythings]

The Vanishing Y Chromosome: Is the Future of Humanity at Risk?

After the extensive debate about the true gender of Imane Khelif, a woman born with X chromosomes, who later developed a Y chromosome, scientists have claimed that the existence of the renowned Y chromosome is in jeopardy. The Y chromosome, crucial for determining male sex, is reportedly facing a significant threat to its existence. Over the past 300 million years, this vital chromosome has…

[authortoberecognized]

PLUMBING PROBLEMS: PART XII

                                    PLUMBING PROBLEMS: PART XII I started down the stairs.  This may have been a root cellar or storm shelter at one time, but Marcus Worthy had converted the huge room into a laboratory.  The room was about forty by forty feet, almost the size of the barn above.  I gazed at equipment I was familiar with, equipment I used myself as a scientist.  I recognized a PCR…

[hellsitegenetics]

Hey are you willing to BLAST Kat Bolstad’s page on the AUT website? She’s the researcher who voiced over the colossal squid video and it’s making me so mad that people’s hatred of generative AI is so strong that they’re trying to crowd out an incredible cephalopod researcher who frankly speaks with a similar cadence to David Attenborough (those documentary skills!!!) especially during a time where we need to encourage women in STEM. This is the real damage generative AI is doing.

https://academics.aut.ac.nz/kathrin.bolstad

String identified: Acat at ta AT a a caat , gatg t t a ac ca cg ca (, ct a t at). t at AT, at t t ata ata t (ta ttt, agt, .C.) a t ga Aa t, A. a caat t t aa T aa Tgaa, t ata ttt at & Atc ac (A), t t a Aa ac ttt (A), c ttt caga, a t t Ataa . at' a ac c a t ca a , a -a . a a gat c a a ca , a c a a a -ta t. a a atcat cta a t t t Atactc.

Closest match: Arctia caja genome assembly, chromosome: 13 Common name: Garden Tiger Moth

(image source)

[truegenealogist14]

The Crucial Role of Genetic Research in Shaping Our Future

Genetic research, often hailed as the cornerstone of scientific exploration, plays a pivotal role in unraveling the mysteries of life. As we delve into the intricacies of genetic code, we unearth a wealth of knowledge that transcends scientific curiosity, impacting fields as diverse as medicine, agriculture, and forensic science.

Understanding the Blueprint of Life

Genetic research serves as our guidebook to the intricate blueprint of life encoded within our DNA. By deciphering the language of genes, scientists gain insights into the fundamental building blocks that govern the development, function, and diversity of living organisms.

Driving Medical Advancements

A. Precision Medicine The significance of genetic research in healthcare cannot be overstated. The identification of genetic markers associated with diseases allows for the development of personalized treatment strategies, paving the way for precision medicine. Tailoring medical interventions based on an individual's genetic makeup holds the promise of more effective and targeted therapies.

B. Early Disease Detection Genetic research contributes to early disease detection by identifying genetic predispositions. This proactive approach enables healthcare professionals to implement preventive measures and interventions before symptoms manifest, potentially saving lives.

Revolutionizing Agriculture

A. Genetically Modified Crops In the realm of agriculture, genetic research has given rise to genetically modified crops. These crops exhibit enhanced resistance to pests, improved yield, and increased resilience to environmental challenges. This transformative technology is a key player in addressing global food security concerns.

Advancing Forensic Science

A. DNA Analysis Genetic research has revolutionized forensic science through DNA analysis. The unique genetic fingerprints of individuals serve as irrefutable evidence in criminal investigations. This application has significantly improved the accuracy and reliability of forensic procedures.

Ethical Considerations and Challenges

A. Privacy Concerns

As genetic research progresses, ethical considerations come to the forefront. The collection and utilization of genetic data raise privacy concerns, necessitating a delicate balance between scientific exploration and individual privacy rights.

B. Gene Editing Dilemmas The advent of CRISPR technology has ushered in new possibilities for gene editing. However, the ethical implications of manipulating the human genome spark debates about the boundaries of scientific intervention and the potential consequences of playing with the very fabric of life.

Future Prospects and Societal Impact

A. Emerging Technologies The future of genetic research holds exciting possibilities with the emergence of advanced technologies. From more precise gene-editing tools to innovative methods of studying the human genome, the continuous evolution of genetic research promises groundbreaking discoveries.

B. Transforming Society The impact of genetic research extends beyond the laboratory. As breakthroughs translate into practical applications, the healthcare landscape undergoes transformation, and society grapples with the profound implications of manipulating the very essence of life.

Conclusion: Navigating the Path Ahead In conclusion, genetic research stands as a beacon of scientific progress, illuminating the path to a future shaped by our understanding of the genetic code. As we navigate the ethical complexities and embrace the potential for transformative discoveries, genetic research continues to be an indispensable tool in shaping our collective destiny.

[simplyforensic]

The Mystery of Neanderthal DNA: Why Some of Us Have More

Regarding our human genetic makeup, there’s an intriguing twist in the tale that connects us to our ancient relatives, the Neanderthals. Recent scientific studies have shed light on this enigmatic connection, providing insights into why some of us have a little more Neanderthal DNA in our genomes than others. Unraveling the Neanderthal Legacy For years, Neanderthals were often depicted as…