#Libreswan

[comobaixarvpnuspnomac]

how to set up a vpn linux

🔒🌍✨ Obtén 3 Meses GRATIS de VPN - Acceso a Internet Seguro y Privado en Todo el Mundo! Haz Clic Aquí ✨🌍🔒

how to set up a vpn linux

Configuración VPN en Linux

Una VPN (Red Privada Virtual, por sus siglas en inglés) es una herramienta que te permite navegar por internet de forma segura y anónima, protegiendo tus datos y tu privacidad. En Linux, configurar una VPN es un proceso sencillo y muy útil para mantener tu información protegida.

Para configurar una VPN en Linux, en primer lugar debes elegir el servicio de VPN que mejor se adapte a tus necesidades y descargar el software correspondiente. Una vez instalado, debes abrir la aplicación y seguir las instrucciones para conectarte a un servidor VPN. Generalmente, tendrás que introducir tus credenciales de acceso proporcionadas por el servicio.

Es importante mencionar que Linux soporta una amplia gama de protocolos VPN como OpenVPN, L2TP/IPsec y PPTP, lo que te brinda opciones para elegir la que mejor se ajuste a tus necesidades de seguridad y velocidad.

Una vez conectado a la VPN, tu tráfico de internet estará encriptado y tu dirección IP oculta, lo que te permitirá navegar de forma segura y anónima. Además, podrás acceder a contenido restringido geográficamente y protegerte de posibles ciberataques.

En resumen, configurar una VPN en Linux es una medida de seguridad fundamental para proteger tu privacidad en línea y navegar de forma segura en internet. ¡No esperes más y configura tu VPN en Linux hoy mismo!

Servidor VPN en Linux

Un servidor VPN en Linux es una excelente opción para aquellos que buscan proteger su privacidad y seguridad en línea. Con la creciente preocupación por la censura en Internet y el seguimiento de la actividad en línea, utilizar un servidor VPN se ha vuelto cada vez más importante.

Al configurar un servidor VPN en un sistema Linux, los usuarios pueden encriptar su conexión a Internet y asegurarse de que su información personal no sea interceptada por ciberdelincuentes o gobiernos no autorizados. Además, al utilizar un servidor VPN, es posible acceder a contenido restringido geográficamente, como servicios de streaming o sitios web bloqueados en ciertos países.

La creación de un servidor VPN en Linux puede parecer complicada para algunos usuarios, pero con la guía adecuada y un poco de paciencia, es un proceso factible para la mayoría. Existen varias opciones de software disponibles que permiten configurar un servidor VPN en un sistema Linux de manera sencilla y eficiente.

En resumen, un servidor VPN en Linux es una herramienta poderosa que brinda privacidad, seguridad y libertad en línea. Ya sea para proteger la información personal, evitar la censura o acceder a contenido restringido, utilizar un servidor VPN en Linux puede ser beneficioso para cualquier usuario preocupado por su seguridad en Internet.

Protocolos VPN para Linux

Los protocolos VPN son una herramienta fundamental para garantizar la seguridad y privacidad en la conexión a internet. En el caso de Linux, un sistema operativo de código abierto ampliamente utilizado en servidores y computadoras personales, existen varios protocolos VPN disponibles para los usuarios.

Uno de los protocolos más comunes para configurar una conexión VPN en Linux es OpenVPN. OpenVPN es un protocolo de código abierto que ofrece un alto nivel de seguridad y es compatible con una amplia gama de sistemas operativos, incluido Linux. Su configuración es relativamente sencilla y ofrece una conexión estable y cifrada para proteger la información transmitida a través de internet.

Otro protocolo VPN popular para Linux es IPsec (Protocolo de seguridad de Internet). IPsec es ampliamente utilizado en entornos corporativos debido a su capacidad para garantizar una comunicación segura a través de redes públicas como internet. Aunque su configuración puede ser más compleja que OpenVPN, IPsec ofrece un alto nivel de seguridad y es compatible con Linux a través de implementaciones como LibreSwan y StrongSwan.

Además de OpenVPN y IPsec, otros protocolos VPN como L2TP/IPsec y WireGuard también son opciones viables para usuarios de Linux que buscan proteger su privacidad en internet. Independientemente del protocolo elegido, es importante configurar correctamente la conexión VPN en Linux para garantizar una navegación segura y protegida en línea.

Seguridad en VPN en Linux

Las redes privadas virtuales, más conocidas como VPN, son una herramienta fundamental para mantener la seguridad de nuestra conexión a internet. En el caso de Linux, es importante conocer las medidas de seguridad necesarias para garantizar la protección de nuestros datos mientras navegamos en línea.

Una de las primeras recomendaciones para asegurar la seguridad en una VPN en Linux es utilizar un protocolo seguro y confiable, como OpenVPN. Este protocolo de código abierto ofrece una alta protección de los datos transmitidos, lo que lo convierte en una excelente elección para mantener la privacidad en nuestras comunicaciones en línea.

Además, es crucial mantener actualizados tanto el software de la VPN como el sistema operativo Linux en sí. Las actualizaciones periódicas suelen incluir parches de seguridad que corrigen posibles vulnerabilidades, por lo que son esenciales para prevenir posibles brechas de seguridad.

Otra medida importante es configurar correctamente el cortafuegos de Linux para limitar el tráfico no autorizado a través de la VPN. Establecer reglas de filtrado de paquetes y controlar el acceso a los puertos de comunicación son estrategias efectivas para reforzar la seguridad de nuestra conexión.

En resumen, la seguridad en una VPN en Linux requiere la combinación de un protocolo seguro, actualizaciones regulares, configuración adecuada del cortafuegos y un uso responsable por parte del usuario. Siguiendo estas recomendaciones, podremos disfrutar de una conexión privada y segura en nuestro sistema Linux.

Pasos para crear una VPN en Linux

Para aquellos que desean mantener su información segura mientras navegan por Internet, configurar una red privada virtual (VPN) en un sistema Linux puede ser una buena opción. Aquí hay algunos pasos simples para ayudarte a crear tu propia VPN en Linux.

El primer paso es elegir un proveedor de servicios VPN confiable que sea compatible con Linux. Asegúrate de investigar y seleccionar uno que se ajuste a tus necesidades y presupuesto.

El siguiente paso es instalar el software de cliente VPN en tu computadora Linux. Puedes encontrar varios clientes VPN compatibles con Linux, como OpenVPN, que es una opción popular y de código abierto.

Una vez que hayas instalado el software del cliente VPN, deberás configurar la conexión VPN. Esto generalmente implica ingresar la dirección del servidor VPN proporcionada por tu proveedor de servicios, junto con tus credenciales de inicio de sesión.

Después de configurar la conexión, puedes conectar tu VPN y navegar de forma segura por Internet. Una VPN en Linux te ayudará a cifrar tu tráfico de Internet y proteger tu privacidad en línea.

Recuerda que es importante seguir las instrucciones de seguridad recomendadas por tu proveedor de servicios VPN para garantizar una conexión segura y protegida. Con estos sencillos pasos, puedes crear tu propia VPN en Linux y disfrutar de una mayor privacidad y seguridad en línea.

[comoinstalarumavpngratisnokodi]

como configurar vpn ipsec linux

🔒🌍✨ Ganhe 3 Meses de VPN GRÁTIS - Acesso à Internet Seguro e Privado em Todo o Mundo! Clique Aqui ✨🌍🔒

como configurar vpn ipsec linux

Configuração VPN IPSec Linux

Uma das maneiras mais seguras de proteger a comunicação entre dispositivos em uma rede é através da configuração de uma VPN IPSec no Linux. O IPSec (Protocolo de Segurança IP) cria um túnel criptografado que garante a confidencialidade e integridade dos dados transmitidos, tornando a comunicação virtualmente impossível de ser interceptada por terceiros.

Para configurar uma VPN IPSec no Linux, é necessário utilizar ferramentas como StrongSwan, OpenSwan ou Libreswan. Estas ferramentas permitem configurar tanto o lado do cliente quanto o lado do servidor da conexão VPN, possibilitando a autenticação e troca de chaves de forma segura.

O processo de configuração envolve a criação de arquivos de configuração específicos, a definição de políticas de segurança e a troca de certificados digitais entre os dispositivos. Além disso, é importante configurar corretamente as regras de firewall para permitir o tráfego VPN pela rede.

Uma vez configurada a VPN IPSec no Linux, os dispositivos conectados podem trocar dados de forma segura e privada, como se estivessem em uma rede local privada. Esta solução é especialmente útil para empresas que precisam garantir a segurança das comunicações entre filiais ou colaboradores remotos.

Em resumo, a configuração de uma VPN IPSec no Linux é uma maneira eficaz de proteger a comunicação online e preservar a privacidade dos dados transmitidos. Com as ferramentas certas e os conhecimentos adequados, é possível criar uma conexão VPN segura e confiável em um ambiente Linux.

Protocolo IPSec no Linux

O Protocolo de Segurança IP (IPSec) é uma solução amplamente utilizada para a implementação de redes privadas virtuais (VPNs) seguras. No ambiente Linux, o IPSec é suportado nativamente, o que torna possível configurar conexões seguras de forma eficiente e confiável.

Para implementar o IPSec no Linux, é necessário utilizar ferramentas como o StrongSwan, que é uma implementação de código aberto do protocolo IPSec. O StrongSwan oferece suporte às versões mais recentes do IPSec e possui uma ampla gama de recursos que permitem configurar facilmente túneis VPN, autenticação de usuários, integridade de dados e confidencialidade nas comunicações de rede.

Ao configurar o IPSec no Linux, é possível estabelecer conexões seguras entre redes locais, servidores remotos e dispositivos individuais. Isso garante que os dados transmitidos pela rede sejam protegidos contra acessos não autorizados e interceptações maliciosas.

Além disso, o IPSec no Linux oferece a flexibilidade de configurar políticas de segurança de acordo com as necessidades específicas de cada ambiente, garantindo assim um alto nível de segurança e privacidade nas comunicações de rede.

Em resumo, o IPSec no Linux é uma poderosa ferramenta para implementar conexões VPN seguras e proteger a integridade e confidencialidade dos dados transmitidos pela rede. Com a sua utilização, é possível manter a segurança das comunicações e proteger as informações sensíveis contra ameaças cibernéticas.

Passos para configurar VPN no Linux

Para aqueles que desejam adicionar uma camada extra de segurança e privacidade à sua conexão de internet, configurar uma VPN no sistema Linux pode ser uma ótima opção. Uma VPN, ou Virtual Private Network, permite que os usuários naveguem na web de forma anônima e segura, mascarando seu endereço IP real e criptografando seus dados.

Aqui estão alguns passos simples para configurar uma VPN no Linux:

Escolha um provedor de serviços VPN confiável e faça o download do software compatível com o Linux.

Abra o terminal no seu sistema Linux e digite o comando para instalar o software da VPN.

Após a instalação, abra o aplicativo e faça login com suas credenciais fornecidas pelo provedor de VPN.

Escolha um servidor VPN da lista fornecida pelo provedor e conecte-se a ele.

Agora sua conexão está protegida pela VPN e seu tráfego de dados está criptografado.

É importante ressaltar que, ao utilizar uma VPN, sua velocidade de conexão pode ser afetada, pois seus dados precisam percorrer um servidor adicional. No entanto, os benefícios de segurança e privacidade que uma VPN oferece costumam compensar essa pequena perda de velocidade.

Configurar uma VPN no Linux é um processo relativamente simples, desde que se siga corretamente os passos fornecidos pelo provedor de serviços VPN. Com alguns cliques, você pode desfrutar de uma navegação na web mais segura e anônima.

Segurança de rede VPN no Linux

Uma rede Virtual Private Network (VPN) é uma tecnologia essencial para garantir a segurança e privacidade dos dados transmitidos pela Internet. No sistema operacional Linux, a segurança da rede VPN desempenha um papel fundamental na proteção das comunicações digitais.

Existem várias opções de software de VPN disponíveis para usuários de Linux, tais como OpenVPN, WireGuard, e StrongSwan. Estes softwares oferecem criptografia robusta e protocolos seguros para garantir a integridade e confidencialidade dos dados transmitidos pela rede.

Para garantir a segurança da rede VPN no Linux, é importante configurar corretamente as chaves de criptografia, certificados digitais e políticas de segurança. Além disso, é essencial manter o software da VPN sempre atualizado para garantir que as vulnerabilidades conhecidas sejam corrigidas e a segurança da rede seja mantida.

É recomendável também implementar firewalls e outras medidas de segurança adicionais para proteger a rede VPN de possíveis ataques cibernéticos. É importante estar atento às boas práticas de segurança cibernética e adotar medidas proativas para proteger a integridade e confidencialidade dos dados transmitidos pela rede VPN no Linux.

Em resumo, a segurança da rede VPN no Linux é crucial para proteger as comunicações digitais contra ameaças cibernéticas. Ao adotar as medidas de segurança adequadas e manter o software sempre atualizado, os usuários de Linux podem desfrutar de uma experiência segura e protegida ao utilizar redes VPN para se conectar à Internet.

Guia VPN IPSec para Linux

Um Guia VPN IPSec para Linux é essencial para aqueles que desejam manter a segurança e privacidade de suas conexões online. O IPSec, que significa Protocolo de Segurança IP, é uma tecnologia que garante a autenticação e criptografia das informações transmitidas pela rede. Usar uma VPN com IPSec no Linux aumenta a segurança ao navegar na internet, principalmente em redes públicas.

Para configurar uma VPN IPSec no Linux, primeiramente é necessário instalar o pacote strongSwan, um software de código aberto que implementa protocolos de segurança, incluindo o IPSec. Com o strongSwan instalado, é possível configurar a conexão VPN editando o arquivo de configuração localizado em /etc/ipsec.conf. Neste arquivo, deve-se especificar os parâmetros da conexão, como endereço do servidor remoto, tipo de autenticação e chaves de criptografia.

Após a configuração do arquivo ipsec.conf, é necessário configurar as chaves de segurança IKE (Internet Key Exchange) no arquivo /etc/ipsec.secrets. Estas chaves são essenciais para estabelecer a autenticação entre os dispositivos que estão se comunicando através da VPN.

Por fim, para iniciar a conexão VPN IPSec no Linux, basta executar o comando 'sudo ipsec up NOME_DA_CONEXAO' no terminal. Desta forma, a conexão será estabelecida e todas as informações transmitidas pela rede estarão protegidas pela criptografia proporcionada pelo IPSec.

Seguindo este guia VPN IPSec para Linux, é possível manter a segurança e privacidade de suas comunicações online, garantindo uma experiência mais segura e confiável ao navegar na internet.

[howtobypassroobetvpndetection]

how to use vpn linux

🔒🌍✨ Erhalten Sie 3 Monate GRATIS VPN - Sicherer und privater Internetzugang weltweit! Hier klicken ✨🌍🔒

how to use vpn linux

VPN Protokolle Linux

VPN-Protokolle sind entscheidend, wenn es darum geht, die Sicherheit und den Datenschutz beim Surfen im Internet zu gewährleisten. Linux-Benutzer können aus verschiedenen VPN-Protokollen wählen, um ihre Verbindung zu verschlüsseln und ihre Privatsphäre zu schützen.

Eine der gängigsten Optionen für VPN-Protokolle auf Linux ist OpenVPN. Es ist ein Open-Source-Protokoll, das eine starke Verschlüsselung bietet und für seine Zuverlässigkeit bekannt ist. OpenVPN ist kompatibel mit den meisten Betriebssystemen, einschließlich Linux, und bietet eine sichere Verbindung über verschiedene Netzwerke hinweg.

Ein weiteres beliebtes VPN-Protokoll für Linux ist IPsec (Internet Protocol Security). Es bietet eine starke Authentifizierung und Verschlüsselung für den Datentransfer und wird häufig für sichere Verbindungen zwischen Netzwerken eingesetzt. IPsec kann auf Linux-Geräten mithilfe von Tools wie StrongSwan oder Libreswan implementiert werden.

Zusätzlich zu OpenVPN und IPsec können Linux-Benutzer auch andere VPN-Protokolle wie L2TP/IPsec, PPTP oder WireGuard verwenden. Jedes Protokoll hat seine eigenen Vor- und Nachteile in Bezug auf Sicherheit, Geschwindigkeit und Kompatibilität.

Insgesamt ist die Wahl des richtigen VPN-Protokolls für Linux eine wichtige Entscheidung, um eine sichere und geschützte Internetverbindung zu gewährleisten. Es ist ratsam, die verschiedenen Protokolle zu untersuchen und dasjenige auszuwählen, das am besten den individuellen Anforderungen und Sicherheitsbedürfnissen entspricht.

VPN Einrichtung Linux

Eine VPN-Einrichtung auf einem Linux-Betriebssystem kann dazu beitragen, Ihre Online-Aktivitäten sicherer und privater zu gestalten. Ein VPN (Virtual Private Network) leitet Ihren Internetverkehr über verschlüsselte Tunnel um, wodurch Ihre Verbindung vor Cyberkriminellen und neugierigen Blicken geschützt wird.

Die Einrichtung eines VPNs auf einem Linux-System kann je nach Anbieter und verwendeter Software variieren, aber im Allgemeinen können Sie dies durch die folgenden Schritte erreichen:

Auswahl eines VPN-Anbieters: Zunächst müssen Sie einen vertrauenswürdigen VPN-Anbieter auswählen, der Linux unterstützt und Ihren Anforderungen entspricht.

Softwareinstallation: Laden Sie die entsprechende VPN-Software für Linux von der Website des Anbieters herunter und installieren Sie sie auf Ihrem System.

Konfiguration der Verbindung: Starten Sie die VPN-Software und geben Sie die erforderlichen Anmeldeinformationen ein, die Ihnen vom Anbieter bereitgestellt wurden.

Verbindung herstellen: Wählen Sie den gewünschten VPN-Serverstandort aus und stellen Sie die Verbindung her, um Ihre Online-Aktivitäten zu schützen.

Es ist wichtig zu beachten, dass die Verwendung eines VPNs Ihre Privatsphäre schützen kann, aber es gibt keine hundertprozentige Garantie für Anonymität im Internet. Achten Sie darauf, einen VPN-Anbieter mit einer strikten No-Logs-Richtlinie zu wählen und aktualisieren Sie regelmäßig Ihre Software, um Sicherheitslücken zu vermeiden. Mit diesen Schritten können Sie eine VPN-Verbindung auf Ihrem Linux-System einrichten und Ihre Online-Sicherheit verbessern.

VPN Verbindung Linux

Eine VPN-Verbindung unter Linux einzurichten ist eine praktische Möglichkeit, um Ihre Online-Aktivitäten zu schützen und Ihre Privatsphäre zu wahren. Mit einem VPN können Sie Ihre Verbindung verschlüsseln und Ihre IP-Adresse verbergen, was es schwierig macht für Dritte, Ihre Daten abzufangen oder Ihren Standort zu verfolgen.

Es gibt verschiedene VPN-Clients, die unter Linux verwendet werden können, darunter OpenVPN, SoftEther VPN und WireGuard. Um eine VPN-Verbindung unter Linux einzurichten, müssen Sie zunächst den gewünschten VPN-Client installieren und konfigurieren. Dies beinhaltet das Herunterladen der Konfigurationsdateien von Ihrem VPN-Anbieter und das Einrichten der Verbindung mit den entsprechenden Parametern.

Sobald die VPN-Verbindung eingerichtet ist, können Sie sicher im Internet surfen und auf geo-blockierte Inhalte zugreifen. VPNs sind besonders nützlich, wenn Sie über öffentliche WLAN-Netzwerke surfen oder in Ländern mit eingeschränktem Internetzugang reisen.

Es ist jedoch wichtig zu beachten, dass nicht alle VPN-Anbieter gleich sind und einige möglicherweise Ihre Daten speichern oder Ihre Verbindungsgeschwindigkeit beeinträchtigen. Bevor Sie sich für einen VPN-Dienst entscheiden, sollten Sie daher gründlich recherchieren und sicherstellen, dass der Anbieter vertrauenswürdig ist und Ihre Privatsphäre respektiert.

Insgesamt kann das Einrichten einer VPN-Verbindung unter Linux ein einfacher Weg sein, um Ihre Online-Sicherheit zu verbessern und Ihre Daten zu schützen. Mit den richtigen Tools und Einstellungen können Sie ein Höchstmaß an Privatsphäre und Anonymität im Internet genießen.

VPN Konfiguration Linux

Eine VPN-Konfiguration unter Linux ermöglicht es Benutzern, ihre Internetverbindung zu sichern und ihre Online-Aktivitäten zu schützen. VPN steht für Virtual Private Network und schafft eine verschlüsselte Verbindung zwischen dem Benutzer und dem Internet. Dies hilft, die Privatsphäre zu wahren und sensible Daten vor neugierigen Blicken zu schützen.

Die Konfiguration eines VPN unter Linux kann je nach gewähltem VPN-Dienst variieren. In der Regel beginnt der Prozess mit der Installation der VPN-Software auf dem Linux-System. Anschließend muss der Benutzer die erforderlichen Konfigurationsdetails eingeben, wie beispielsweise den Servernamen, das Protokoll und die Anmeldeinformationen.

Es gibt verschiedene VPN-Protokolle, die unter Linux verwendet werden können, darunter OpenVPN, PPTP und L2TP/IPsec. Jedes Protokoll bietet unterschiedliche Vor- und Nachteile in Bezug auf Geschwindigkeit, Sicherheit und Kompatibilität. Es ist wichtig, das richtige Protokoll entsprechend den eigenen Anforderungen auszuwählen.

Sobald die VPN-Konfiguration abgeschlossen ist, kann der Benutzer die Verbindung aktivieren und von den Vorteilen eines verschlüsselten Tunnelzugangs profitieren. Ein VPN unter Linux kann nicht nur die Sicherheit erhöhen, sondern auch den Zugriff auf regionale eingeschränkte Inhalte ermöglichen.

Insgesamt bietet die VPN-Konfiguration unter Linux eine effektive Möglichkeit, die Online-Privatsphäre zu schützen und die Internetverbindung abzusichern. Es ist ratsam, sich mit den spezifischen Anleitungen des jeweiligen VPN-Anbieters vertraut zu machen, um eine reibungslose Konfiguration zu gewährleisten.

VPN Anonymität Linux

Ein Virtual Private Network (VPN) bietet Benutzern die Möglichkeit, anonym im Internet zu surfen und ihre Online-Aktivitäten zu schützen. Für Linux-Benutzer gibt es eine Vielzahl von VPN-Diensten, die speziell für ihre Bedürfnisse entwickelt wurden.

Die Verwendung eines VPNs unter Linux bietet eine sichere und verschlüsselte Verbindung, die es Benutzern ermöglicht, ihre Privatsphäre zu schützen und ihre Online-Aktivitäten vor neugierigen Blicken zu verbergen. Durch das Verschlüsseln des Datenverkehrs können Benutzer sicher im Internet surfen, ohne sich Gedanken über potenzielle Sicherheitsrisiken machen zu müssen.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der Nutzung eines VPNs unter Linux ist die Möglichkeit, geo-blockierte Inhalte zu entsperren. Viele VPN-Dienste bieten Server in verschiedenen Ländern an, so dass Benutzer auf Inhalte zugreifen können, die in ihrem Land möglicherweise nicht verfügbar sind.

Bei der Auswahl eines VPN-Dienstes für Linux ist es wichtig, einen Anbieter zu wählen, der eine zuverlässige Verschlüsselung und Datenschutzrichtlinien bietet. Es ist auch ratsam, nach einem Anbieter zu suchen, der eine benutzerfreundliche Oberfläche und eine gute Kundenbetreuung bietet.

Insgesamt bietet die Verwendung eines VPNs unter Linux Benutzern die Möglichkeit, sicher und anonym im Internet zu surfen, ihre Privatsphäre zu schützen und auf geo-blockierte Inhalte zuzugreifen. Mit den richtigen Tools und Einstellungen können Linux-Benutzer die Vorteile eines VPNs voll ausnutzen und ihre Online-Anonymität wahren.

[intersex-ionality]

thelightofthingshopedfor replied to your post “I was told that TOR was mostly funded by the US fed gov't - is there...”

Are there any good VPNs that aren’t expensive?

I like SurfShark, which is my current VPN and TrustZone, which is my previous VPN. Both are really cheap, and hosted in fairly safe countries. TrustZone is slightly higher quality, but SurfShark is still more than enough to be getting on with, so I recommend just picking which ever one is having the best sales that day.

Right now, SurfShark is $48 for two years of service. TrustZone is current $69 (eyyy) for 2 years. As I said, TrustZone is marginally more secure. However, SurfShark has better ping times for gaming, if you’re the kind of person who wants to leave their VPN on all the time, but still play make those sweet FF14 memes (me). 

As obnoxious as NordVPN’s advertisements are (oh god please, Nord, let me rest, I am begging you), they’re also a quality VPN for a not wholly cursed $125 for 3 years, though $120 for 2 years is unreasonable.

Because VPNs are quite cost-intensive to run (gotta maintain all those servers), I don’t believe there are any FOSS (free and open source) ones, and I wouldn’t trust a free closed source “privacy” product as far as I could spit it. If you’re not the paying customer, you’re the sold product, after all.

That said, there are some FOSS VPN networks, which rather than having maintained servers elsewhere in the world, simply rely on volunteered hardware and maintenance from users around the globe to achieve VPN services. They’re more difficult to use, and less reliable in terms of speed and service, but also, they’re free so that’s the best price of all. Of them, the only one I actually know enough about to feel okay suggesting it (not recommending, but suggesting) is LibreSwan. Which, IIRC, only runs on LInux machines, so it won’t help mac, windows, or mobile users....

But if you happen to be a computer-only linux user, that’s definitely worth chcecking out!

[moomoonmyid]

VzLinux 8.4 Released

VzLinux, a product of Virtuozzo International GmbH, is a free and open-source distribution built from the source code for Red Hat Enterprise Linux. The distribution’s latest release is VzLinux 8.4. The release announcement outlines what is new: New features: Libreswan IPsec VPN now supports TCP encapsulation and security labels for IKEv2. The nmstate network API for hosts is fully supported in…

[top-military-vpn-services]

RedHat 8 - Configure Libreswan IP Sec Host-To-Host with RSA Keys

Libreswan IPSec on Red Hat

Today on this tutorial I will show how to configure Libreswan IP Sec Host to Host connection between two Red Hat Hosts using RSA Keys with 4096 bits of encryption. The benefits of IPSec are Confidentiality, Integrity and Authentication and we can get these over IPv4 or IPv6. We are using ESP for encapsulating the Payloads and IKEv2 for tunnel Key management. Before apply this configuration check our other manual on How to Setup https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YoaWpClXwp0&t=2s IPSec Libreswan Host-To-Host with RSA Keys

Install Libreswan package

To install libreswan package on Red hat 8 run: yum install libreswan

Red Hat Libreswan Package

Init Libreswan NSS Database

Start the NSS Database, this database will store the RSA private Keys : ipsec initnss --nssdir /etc/ipsec.d

Init NSS IPSec Database

Generate IP Sec RSA Keys on both Hosts

To encrypt the connection between the two Hosts they need to know each other RSA Public Keys generate them and add them to the configuration file. Run on IP Sec Left Host Generate the RSA Private and Public Keys on the Left Host, the certnotes.secrets file will store the RSA Public Key and RSA Private Key will be stored on *.db files from NSS Database. ipsec newhostkey --nssdir /etc/ipsec.d --output /etc/ipsec.d/certnotes.secrets --hostname left.certificationsnotes.com

IPSec RSA Left Key Generation - CKAID Value Extract the RSA Public Key from Left Host and add them to the configuration file. ipsec showhostkey --left --ckaid 1a7b98222db9598f4f238e7308465cd2cc5c5c60 | grep 'leftrsasigkey'

IPSec RSA Public Key Generated using Left CKAID Value Run on Right IP Sec Host Generate the RSA Private and Public Keys on the Right Host, the certnotes.secrets file will store the RSA Public Key and RSA Private Key will stored on *.db files. ipsec newhostkey --nssdir /etc/ipsec.d --output /etc/ipsec.d/certnotes.secrets --hostname right.certificationsnotes.com

IPSec RSA Right Key Generation - CKAID Value Extract the RSA Public Key from Right Host and add them to the configuration file. ipsec showhostkey --right --ckaid 48da57a02c21ac0ac8a2fada14d82c203ee0a034 | grep 'rightrsasigkey'

IPSec RSA Public Key Generated using Right CKAID Value

Create Libreswan IP Sec configuration file

Now lets configure the Libreswan IP sec connection file, create a new file located at /etc/ipsec.d/ vi /etc/ipsec.d/ipsec_certnotes.conf

Install Libreswan Red Hat Tunnel Configuration File conn cert_notes_vms #Left Host Config Settings leftid=@left.certificationsnotes.com left=192.168.1.213 leftrsasigkey=0sAwE6PHOmHgtEE1KvoK6fSIgzUuFnGw== #Right Host Config Settings rightid=@right.certificationsnotes.com right=192.168.1.216 rightrsasigkey=0sAwvo1KvoKK6fSEAAB6P1KvoKHfdgabNQ== #General Configs auto=start authby=rsasig compress=yes #Phase 1 ISAKMP IKE (Internet Key Exchange) type=tunnel pfs=yes ikev2=insist ikepad=yes #Phase 2 Encryption Negotiation phase2=esp ppk=no esn=no

Manage IPSec Service

Start the IP Sec service systemctl start ipsec Enable the IP Sec service on boot systemctl enable ipsec Reload IP Sec service after a configuration systemctl reload ipsec

Configure Red Hat 8 Firewall to Allow IPSec

IPSec Get Firewall Active Zones As we know the IP Sec tunnels use two protocols to establish and authenticat the secure tunnels, we need to allow them on our firewall. Before that check your interfaces and associated zones to allow on tunnel at the correct zone. firewall-cmd --get-active-zone

IPSec Add Firewall Rullez Allow ISAKMP & IKE SA ports on the Firewall - Phase 1 firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=500/udp --permanent firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=4500/udp --permanent Allow IPSec SA & Child SA protocols on the Firewall - Phase 2 firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-protocol=50 --permanent firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-protocol=51 --permanent

Activate Red Hat IP Sec Tunnel

ipsec auto --add cert_notes_vms ipsec auto --up cert_notes_vms systemctl reload ipsec

Testing the IP Sec Encrypted Communication

Let's ping the Right Host and check if it is encrypted. ping 192.168.1.216

Testing the IPSec Encrypted Communication sudo tcpdump -n -i enp0s3 esp or udp port 500 or udp port 4500

IPSec Tcpdump On Right Host ipsec whack --status

IPSec Whack Status

Verify Public Keys on Host

ipsec auto --listpubkeys

Show IPSec Public keys on Host ipsec showhostkey --list

RFCs Related to IPSec

The IP Security Architecture - RFC 4301Defines Authentication Headers (AH) - RFC 4302 Defines Encapsulating Security Payloads (ESP) - RFC 4303ISAKMP - RFC 2408IKEv2 - RFC 5996Cryptographic algorithm Implementation for ESP and AH - RFC 4835 LibresWan Website Red Hat Read the full article

[globalmediacampaign]

Testing MySQL Database Service without VPN

Please note that this is not recommended for any production purpose, don’t expose MySQL traffic to the Internet ! MySQL Database Service is now available, take a look at this nice introduction video: It is usually a very bad idea to expose a database on a public IP (MySQL or any other database ). MDS doesn’t allow you to implement such bad security practice. The best way to use your MySQL instance is to use a VPN as I explained in this article. However, this can be restrictive for a simple test. In this post I will illustrate how you can setup a MDS instance and test it without having to setup any kind of VPN. Of course I recommend you to use such practice only for testing purpose. MDS Instance The first thing to do, is to provision a MySQL Database Service instance. If you never used OCI, you will need to create a VCN and subnets. VCN You can use the wizard which is a easy way to set it up. I will show you how to do it manually: Choose a name and a CIDR block (usually 10.0.0.0/16): Subnets We also need to create 2 subnets, the private and the public one: The private subnet will be on 10.0.1.0/24 range and the public one on 10.0.0.0/24 range: We should then have something similar to this: Internet Gateway We also need an access to the servers in our public subnet to contact The Internet. Let’s create the Internet Gateway: And we add it to the routing table: MySQL Instance Provisioning We are ready to create the MDS instance: We have only one subnet possibility: the private one ! Click next, define the backup policy and we are done ! We can see it’s IP in the public subnet (10.0.1.0/24): Compute Instance As we don’t want to setup a VPN to access our MDS instance, we will use MySQL Router on a compute instance. We first create a compute instance in the public subnet: Don’t forget to add a ssh public key and create the instance: As soon as the instance is provisioned, you will find its public IP: MySQL Router We can now connect to our compute instance using ssh: $ ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa_oci opc@130.61.147.176 Installation We install MySQL Community’s Yum Repository to install MySQL Router: [opc@myrouter ~]$ sudo rpm -ivh https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm [opc@myrouter ~]# sudo yum -y install mysql-router Configuration We need to edit MySQL Router’s configuration file. In /etc/mysqlrouter/mysqlrouter.conf, we add the following lines: [routing:primary] bind_address = 0.0.0.0 bind_port = 3306 destinations = 10.0.1.3:3306 routing_strategy = first-available [routing:primary_x] bind_address = 0.0.0.0 bind_port = 33060 destinations = 10.0.1.3:33060 routing_strategy = first-available protocol = x And we start it: [opc@myrouter ~]$ sudo systemctl start mysqlrouter.service Firewall We are almost ready ! We still have to configure the local firewall on the compute instance and add a rule on OCI. On the compute instance, we run these commands: [opc@myrouter ~]$ sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-port=3306/tcp success [opc@myrouter ~]$ sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-port=33060/tcp success [opc@myrouter ~]$ sudo firewall-cmd --reload success On OCI’s interface we add the following rules in the Ingress Rules. First we add the rule to allow MySQL traffic between our two subnets: Then we need to accept MySQL Traffic to MySQL Router for our public IP. You can use a service like whatismyip to discover it (add the ip with /32 at the end): It’s possible to allow connections from the all Internet but that would be very dumb to allow that. Connecting We can connect to our MDS instance from the Internet using MySQL Router’s public IP: And of course we can also use MySQL X protocol to use MDS as a JSON Document Store ! Conclusion It’s not recommended to publicly expose your MDS instance but for testing purpose, you can use MySQL Router on a Compute Instance in OCI. For more professional architecture, a VPN is highly recommended and OCI provides many options from OpenVPN to IPSEC (including LibreSwan). https://lefred.be/content/testing-mysql-database-service-without-vpn/

[urielfanelli]

@sirmacik meaning you connected with a FortiGate concentrator using libreswan? You should publish instructions, I think.

@sirmacik meaning you connected with a FortiGate concentrator using libreswan? You should publish instructions, I think. https://boseburo.ddns.net/objects/cc7a3739-65ab-4acf-9af7-308837d7af15 April 03, 2020 at 10:25AM

[galigio]

Tech Topics Updates and Analytics

#News - #Technology Configure an IPsec VPN (Libreswan) - https://t.co/PihJujqn5Z Filed under: Linux, Security https://t.co/6QdpMBghSm

— Galigio (@galigio) April 22, 2017

April 22, 2017 at 02:18AM

[sololinuxes]

Montar un servidor VPN IPsec en Linux

Montar un servidor VPN IPsec en Linux IPsec VPN es una de las tecnologías VPN más respetadas a nivel mundial, la mayoría de VPN de pago se basan en ella. Al montar un servidor VPN con IPsec, transmitimos nuestros datos confidenciales a través de la red con seguridad, integridad, proporcionando autenticación de identidad, además de una defensa contra peticiones repetitivas. Una red VPN IPsec destaca por ser muy flexible, incluyendo una las redes de acceso telefónico remoto. En el artículo de hoy vemos como montar tu propio servidor de manera simple, pero antes de comenzar un aviso. Los scripts de instalación necesarios, no funcionan con virtualizaciones OpenVZ, si lo intentas recibirás un error similar a... root@demo-sololinux:~# wget https://git.io/vpnsetup -O vpnsetup.sh && VPN_IPSEC_PSK='KvLjedUkNzo5gBH72SqkOA==' VPN_USER='tecmint' VPN_PASSWORD='8DbDiPpGbcr4wQ==' sudo sh vpnsetup.sh --2020-06-27 10:33:18-- https://git.io/vpnsetup Resolving git.io (git.io)... 34.206.168.28, 3.220.228.61, 54.86.229.42, ... Connecting to git.io (git.io)|34.206.168.28|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found Location: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/hwdsl2/setup-ipsec-vpn/master/vpnsetup.sh --2020-06-27 10:33:18-- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/hwdsl2/setup-ipsec-vpn/master/vpnsetup.sh Resolving raw.githubusercontent.com (raw.githubusercontent.com)... 151.101.0.133, 151.101.64.133, 151.101.128.133, ... Connecting to raw.githubusercontent. Read the full article

[nameserver1-blog]

Setup IPsec L2TP VPN Server on CentOS 6

IPsec L2TP VPN Server on CentOS 6

This article guide you to setting up a [wiki]IPsec[/wiki] [wiki title=”Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol”]L2TP[/wiki] [wiki title=”Virtual private network”]VPN[/wiki] server on CentOS 6 using libreswan as the IPsec server, xl2tpd as the L2TP provider and [wiki title=”Point-to-Point Protocol”]PPP[/wiki] for authentication.

Preface

Government of Indonesia passed the Law on Information and Electronic…

[ecstaticsec]

Delightfully simple Dockerized IPsec VPN server, with instructions for x-plat clients.

Set up your own IPsec VPN server on Docker, with support for both IPsec/L2TP and IPsec/XAuth ("Cisco IPsec").

Based on Debian Jessie with Libreswan (IPsec VPN software) and xl2tpd (L2TP daemon).

Available on Docker Hub.

[iamrootusr]

Creating a free VPN Server with Centos 6 and Libreswan with L2TP

Why Libreswan? While I was trying to set up a vpn server with the version of openswan provided by the Centos repos, I ran into several issues trying to connect my macintosh to it. I tried using a newer version of openswan, and lo and behold, I ran into an IP XFRM broken error, as well as several other errors that I was unable to resolve. Quick googling revealed that these errors were due to bugs within openswan itself.

Compared to my troubles with openswan, Libreswan has worked mostly from the get-go. Every error I encountered was the result of my own flawed .config files. Thusly, all errors were issues I could resolve.

Why Centos 6? I've been using Centos as my main linux operating system due to it's similarity to RHEL. [Red Hat Enterprise Linux]. I've also used ubuntu, but find myself preferring Centos because I am more familiar with the yum package manager. 

I find myself writing this tutorial to further cement the knowledge of how to setup a VPN from scratch, and also provide support for apple devices. I have not tested this from an iPhone or Android device, so I am unsure of the stability. However, this setup should work with Windows clients as well.

Things You Will Need

The latest version of Libreswan. As of this writing, Libreswan is at version 3.8. You can find it here. You can also install libreswan via YUM, which isn't as much work as installing from source. The only downside to installing this way is that the centos repo does not always remain up to date with the source. Run the following command to see if libreswan is available from any installed repositories.

yum search libreswan

On my system, libreswan comes from the epel repo. If available, run

sudo yum install libreswan

Installing from source

If libreswan is not available from any of your repositories, you may have to install from source.

After downloading the source code, untar the file and cd into it. You may want to view the readme, as it will explain some of the process.

You will probably want to change the install directory. In this case, the installation directory is specified by the DESTDIR? variable located in Makefile.inc

In my case, I wanted libreswan installed in the root directory.

DESTDIR?=/

Now, before we can install libreswan, there are dependencies that must be resolved for the code to compile correctly. They are as follows:

yum install nss-devel nspr-devel pkg-config pam-devel \ libcap-ng-devel libselinux-devel \ curl-devel gmp-devel flex bison gcc make \ fipscheck-devel unbound-devel gmp gmp-devel

The other dependencies required are usually already installed on the system, but just in case you find yourself running into an error about a missing package, here they are:

nss, iproute2, iptables, sed, awk, bash, cut

The python programming language will also need to be installed, if it isn't already.

After the installation of the dependencies, you are now ready to install libreswan. (This version of the installation uses the Linux builtin IPSec stack, NETKEY. For the other available installations, view the readme)

make programs sudo make install

Note: Prior to installing libreswan, I'd had openswan installed. Removing openswan does NOT remove the ipsec command. Libreswan will, by default, put ipsec in /usr/local/sbin/ipsec If you installed openswan first, you may have to remove the ipsec found in /sbin and link your ipsec back to where ipsec is expected to be found in your path.

If all goes well, you should have a shiny new installation of libreswan ready to be configured!

Packages required for a L2TP connection

For an L2TP connection, relevant packages need to be installed in order for the connection to establish correctly.

You will need the ppp and xl2tpd packages to set everything up correctly.

sudo yum install ppp xl2tpd

Once these are installed, all that remains is proper set up of the .conf files, sysctl, the firewall, the system itself, and your router.

Preparing To Set Up Your System

In order to successfully connect to your VPN from the outside world, you'll have to set up port forwarding. By default, a router only allows certain traffic through. Without opening the appropriate ports, you will be unable to connect.

Ports 17, 01701, 4500, and 500 will need to be forwarded to the static IP address assigned to your server. You will need to open these ports on your router, and in your iptables firewall.

#Allow ipsec traffic iptables -A INPUT -m policy --dir in --pol ipsec -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -m policy --dir in --pol ipsec -j ACCEPT

#Do not NAT VPN traffic iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -m policy --dir out --pol none -j MASQUERADE

#Forwarding rules for VPN iptables -A FORWARD -i ppp+ -p all -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

#Ports for Openswan / xl2tpd iptables -A INPUT -m policy --dir in --pol ipsec -p udp --dport 1701 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p udp --dport 500 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p udp --dport 4500 -j ACCEPT

#Save your configuration iptables save

If you have failed to open up these ports, you will not see any logging information about incoming ipsec connects appear in /var/log/secure Setting up sysctl

There are a number of settings in sysctl.conf that will need to be changed in order for ipsec to function properly. With one exception, these can be altered by adding small script to the /etc/rc.local file.

# Correct ICMP Redirect issues with OpenSWAN

for each in /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/*; do echo 0 > $each/accept_redirects echo 0 > $each/send_redirects echo 0 > $each/rp_filter done

For the other, go to the /etc/sysctl.conf file and open it in your editor. Enable IP Packet forwarding. It should now look like this:

# Controls IP packet forwarding net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

Run sysctl -p after editing the file to reload sysctl.

Setting up Libreswan/IPSec

Before we get IPSec up and running, we're going to have to set up the configuration files. With the right setup, we should be able to get it working the first time around, without having to do any major tinkering.

Note: If you installed libreswan from source you may have to run: sudo ipsec initnss

You will also want to ensure you've configured sysctl and your firewall correctly.

sudo ipsec verify

Your results should look like this:

Verifying installed system and configuration files

Version check and ipsec on-path                   [OK]

Libreswan 3.8 (netkey) on 2.6.32-431.17.1.el6.i686

Checking for IPsec support in kernel              [OK]

 NETKEY: Testing XFRM related proc values

         ICMP default/send_redirects              [OK]

         ICMP default/accept_redirects            [OK]

         XFRM larval drop                         [OK]

Pluto ipsec.conf syntax                           [OK]

Hardware random device                            [N/A]

Two or more interfaces found, checking IP forwarding [OK]

Checking rp_filter                                [OK]

Checking that pluto is running                    [OK]

 Pluto listening for IKE on udp 500               [OK]

 Pluto listening for IKE/NAT-T on udp 4500        [OK]

 Pluto ipsec.secret syntax                        [OK]

Checking NAT and MASQUERADEing                    [TEST INCOMPLETE]

Checking 'ip' command                             [OK]

Checking 'iptables' command                       [OK]

Checking 'prelink' command does not interfere with FIPS [PRESENT]

Checking for obsolete ipsec.conf options          [OK]

Opportunistic Encryption                          [DISABLED]

Go to your /etc/ipsec.conf file. It should look something a little bit like this:

# /etc/ipsec.conf - Libreswan IPsec configuration file

# This file:  /etc/ipsec.conf

#

# Enable when using this configuration file with openswan instead of libreswan

#version 2

#

# Manual:     ipsec.conf.5

# basic configuration

config setup

        # which IPsec stack to use, "netkey" (the default), "klips" or "mast".

        # For MacOSX use "bsd"

        protostack=netkey

#

        # The interfaces= line is only required for the klips/mast stack

        #interfaces="%defaultroute"

        #interfaces="ipsec0=eth0 ipsec1=ppp0"

#

        # If you want to limit listening on a single IP - not required for

        # normal operation

        #listen=127.0.0.1

#

        # Do not set debug options to debug configuration issues!

#

        # plutodebug / klipsdebug = "all", "none" or a combation from below:

        # "raw crypt parsing emitting control kernel pfkey natt x509 dpd

        #  private".

        # Note: "crypt" is not included with "all", as it can show confidential

        #       information. It must be specifically specified 

        # examples:

        # plutodebug="control parsing"

        # plutodebug="all crypt"

        # Again: only enable plutodebug or klipsdebug when asked by a developer

        #plutodebug=none

        #klipsdebug=none

#

        # Normally, pluto logs via syslog. If you want to log to a file,

        # specify below or to disable logging, eg for embedded systems, use

        # the file name /dev/null

        # Note: SElinux policies might prevent pluto writing to a log file at

        #       an unusual location.

        #plutostderrlog=/var/log/pluto.log

#

        # Enable core dumps (might require system changes, like ulimit -C)

        # This is required for abrtd to work properly

        # Note: SElinux policies might prevent pluto writing the core at

        #       unusual locations

        dumpdir=/var/run/pluto/

#

        # NAT-TRAVERSAL support

        # exclude networks used on server side by adding %v4:!a.b.c.0/24

        # It seems that T-Mobile in the US and Rogers/Fido in Canada are

        # using 25/8 as "private" address space on their wireless networks.

        # This range has not been announced via BGP (at least upto 2010-12-21)

        nat_traversal=yes

        virtual_private=%v4:10.0.0.0/8,%v4:192.168.0.0/16,%v4:172.16.0.0/12,%v4:25.0.0.0/8,%v4:100.64.0.0/10,%v6:fd00::/8,%v6:fe80::/10

# Add connections here

# For example connections, see your distribution's documentation directory,

# or the documentation which could be located at

#  /usr/share/docs/libreswan-3.*/ or look at https://www.libreswan.org/

#

# There is also a lot of information in the manual page, "man ipsec.conf"

# You may put your configuration (.conf) file in the "/etc/ipsec.d/" directory

# by uncommenting this line

#include /etc/ipsec.d/*.conf

You may set up your connections in /etc/ipsec.conf or /etc/ipsec.d/ipsec.conf You do not have to put a separate conf file in /etc/ipsec.d for your connections.

An L2TP connection that uses a pre-shared key for authentication should look somewhat like this:

conn L2TP-PSK-2

        rightsubnet=vhost:%priv,%no

        forceencaps=yes

        also=L2TP-PSK

conn L2TP-PSK

        authby=secret

        aggrmode=no

        pfs=no

        auto=add

        keyingtries=3

        rekey=no

        type=transport

        right=%any

        rightprotoport=17/0

        #Dead peer detection to detect vanishing clients

        dpddelay=10

        dpdtimeout=90

        dpdaction=clear

        ikelifetime=8h

        keylife=1h

        #Place the internal IP address of your server here

        left=%defaultroute

        #You can place your external ip address here

        leftnexthop=%defaultroute

        leftprotoport=17/1701

This is connection will allow any client that has a preshared key, and a username and password to connect to the vpn regardless of the connecting ip address. If you wish to restrict which ip addresses can connect, you may specify them with the right keyword.

%defaultroute is a valid keyword in this example conf file, but it should be replaced by either a valid hostname or IP address.

In the /etc/ipsec.secrets file, you should add an entry for your pre-shared key.

It should look a bit like this:

ServerIPHere    %any:    PSK   "SomePasswordHere"

192.168.1.0      %any:    PSK    "r4co0n5"  

If everything is configured properly, go ahead and turn on ipsec service.

sudo chkconfig ipsec on

sudo service ipsec start

Setting up XL2TPD and PPP

Unlike a pure IPSec configuration, where all you need are identical configuration files on the client and server, an L2TP setup requires just a little bit more legwork.

Open /etc/xl2tpd/xl2tpd.conf in your editor. It should look fairly similar to this:

;

; This is a minimal sample xl2tpd configuration file for use

; with L2TP over IPsec.

;

; The idea is to provide an L2TP daemon to which remote Windows L2TP/IPsec

; clients connect. In this example, the internal (protected) network

; is 192.168.1.0/24.  A special IP range within this network is reserved

; for the remote clients: 192.168.1.128/25

; (i.e. 192.168.1.128 ... 192.168.1.254)

;

; The listen-addr parameter can be used if you want to bind the L2TP daemon

; to a specific IP address instead of to all interfaces. For instance,

; you could bind it to the interface of the internal LAN (e.g. 192.168.1.98

; in the example below). Yet another IP address (local ip, e.g. 192.168.1.99)

; will be used by xl2tpd as its address on pppX interfaces.

; IMPORTANT: always set listen-addr to a specific address, to work around a

; udpfromto bug!!!

[global]

listen-addr = Your Server IP Address here

;

; requires openswan-2.5.18 or higher - Also does not yet work in combination

; with kernel mode l2tp as present in linux 2.6.23+

; ipsec saref = yes

; Use refinfo of 22 if using an SAref kernel patch based on openswan 2.6.35 or

;  when using any of the SAref kernel patches for kernels up to 2.6.35.

; ipsec refinfo = 30

;

force userspace = yes

;

; debug tunnel = yes

[lns default]

ip range = (IP range you want vpn clients to use)

local ip = (IP of VPN interface on server)

; leave chap unspecified for maximum compatibility with windows, iOS, etc

refuse pap = yes

refuse chap = yes

require authentication = yes

name = CentOSVPNserver (Or other name, as you desire)

ppp debug = yes

pppoptfile = /etc/ppp/options.xl2tpd

length bit = yes

 Your config file should appear almost identical, save for the ip addresses and name of the server.

Now open /etc/ppp/options.xl2tpd

It should look something like this:It should look something like this:

ipcp-accept-local

ipcp-accept-remote

ms-dns  8.8.8.8

# ms-dns  192.168.1.1

# ms-dns  192.168.1.3

# ms-wins 192.168.1.2

# ms-wins 192.168.1.4

require-mschap-v2

asyncmap 0

noccp

auth

crtscts

idle 1800

mtu 1410

mru 1410

nodefaultroute

debug

lock

proxyarp

connect-delay 5000

name l2tpd

# To allow authentication against a Windows domain EXAMPLE, and require the

# user to be in a group "VPN Users". Requires the samba-winbind package

# require-mschap-v2

# plugin winbind.so

# ntlm_auth-helper '/usr/bin/ntlm_auth --helper-protocol=ntlm-server-1 --require-membership-of="EXAMPLE\\VPN Users"' 

# You need to join the domain on the server, for example using samba:

# http://rootmanager.com/ubuntu-ipsec-l2tp-windows-domain-auth/setting-up-openswan-xl2tpd-with-native-windows-clients-lucid.html

Now go to /etc/ppp/chap-secrets

# Secrets for authentication using CHAP

# client        server  secret                  IP addresses

username   l2tpd    password             *

The name keyword in /etc/ppp/options.xl2tpd and the server name in /etc/ppp/chap-secrets should be the same. I ran into issues when the name and server were unspecified.

You can add as many usernames and passwords as you like in this file. To my knowledge, there is not a limit.

Now that these files are configured, you may turn on the xl2tpd daemon.

chkconfig xl2tpd on

service xl2tpd start

Using Your VPN

Once everything is configured, you may now start using your VPN!

On your server, on the command line enter:

ipsec auto --add "ConnectionNameHere"

This should make your connection available to your users. If something is set up incorrectly, it may spit out an error. (Some errors may be safely ignored.)

On a Macintosh running OS X (I am using 10.9.3), go to System Preferences -> Network There should be a plus button toward the bottom of your services list. In the drop down list, choose VPN. Under VPN type, use L2TP over IPSec. Enter the public address of your router/server into the server address box, and the username you created in /etc/ppp/chap-secrets in the account name box.

Then click authentication settings. For user authentication, choose password. For machine authentication, choose shared secret.

Once you've entered all the relevant information, click connect. If you've done everything correctly, you'll connect in just a few moments.

Troubleshooting

If you can't connect to your vpn, there may be a mistake in one of your configuration files, or your firewall/router may have been set up incorrectly.

Make sure to double-check that your ports are open and forwarded to your server, and that you've entered everything correctly.

Relevant log files:

On the VPN Server: /var/log/secure

On the Client: /var/log/ppp.log If you can't get past IPSec Phase 1, there is a problem on the server side. If you are at IPSec Phase 2, yet the client keeps disconnecting immediately after you connect, you may have a problem in your /etc/ppp/options.xl2tpd and /etc/ppp/chap-secrets files.

When running ipsec verify, you may get an error about SELinux being enabled. There is a method to get IPSec to work with SELinux enabled, but I haven't the slightest idea how to go about doing that, as it is easier to work with SELinux disabled.

You can find out how to turn off SELinux here

If you still can't get your server running, try looking into your log files and googling some of the errors. https://www.libreswan.org

They have a maling list, and an irc FreeNode. Additionally, googling your error may lead you to other sites where users have encountered similar, or the same problems.

Sources

This tutorial would not been written without the various other tutorials out there on the net. I wrote this tutorial for my own personal use, after noticing that there were no Libreswan-specific tutorials out there on the net. (That I could find.) Most were either out-of-date, using a different version of openswan, using a different operating system, or otherwise flawed. (In that I kept running into issues) The tutorials I followed were a great help, even if it did take me 3 weeks to figure out just what the hell my issues were.

How To Setup an Openswan VPN Server on Centos 6

Using a Linux L2TP/IPsec VPN server with Mac OS X and iPhone

Configuring Openswan IPSec Server

Thanks for reading! :D

[dummdida]

Opportunistic encryption (prototype) with libreswan 3.14

Encryption by default, even with no authentication, why? Because it defend(s) against Pervasive Monitoring attacks without the need to sacrifice anonymity.

libreswan 3.14, which comes with initial (prototype) support for null auth, is available in Fedora 22 updates-testing.

Enabling it by default for connections can be achieved as follows:

# Write the OE (null auth) configuration echo > /etc/ipsec.d/oe.conf <<EOC # From: https://github.com/libreswan/libreswan/blob/master/testing/baseconfigs/all/etc/ipsec.d/ikev2-oe.conf # default policy conn packetdefault type=tunnel left=%defaultroute authby=null leftid=%null rightid=%null ikev2=insist right=%opportunistic failureshunt=passthrough negotiationshunt=passthrough auto=route EOC # Enable conf snippets in /etc/ipsec.d sed -i "/include.*ipsec[.]d/ s/#include/include/" /etc/ipsec.conf # Start ipsec (will generate nssdb if necessary) service ipsec start

Now you can check that connections to other hosts (where OE is enabled) will establish secure connections right away (with no more aotaheadahead of time key exchanges):

# Monitor tcpdump -i any proto 50 ipsec status … 000 IPsec SAs: total(1), authenticated(0), anonymous(1)

This works fine for me on my local network, the security however, needs to be proven.

[top-military-vpn-services]

How to Learn Red Hat 8 Online

Red Hat Understand the System

Red Hat System Boot Red Hat User Management

Red Hat Networking

Red Hat Network Interfaces How to Configure Interface Bonding on Red Hat 8How to Configure Interface Teaming on Red Hat 8How to Configure Interface Bridge on Red Hat 8 Red Hat Network Services How to Configure Apache Web Server on Red Hat 8How to Configure MySQL Server on Red Hat 8How to Configure NTP Server on Red Hat 8How to Configure DNS Server on Red Hat 8How to Configure DHCP Server on Red Hat 8How to Configure Squid Server on Red Hat 8 Red Hat Network Manager Command Line - nmcli How to Configure Fix IP Address on Red Hat 8 Red Hat SSH Server Red Hat IP Sec How Red Hat IPSec WorksHow IP Sec Phase 1 WorksHow IP Sec Phase 2 WorksRed Hat IP Sec Configuration OptionsRed Hat IP Sec Different Type of TunnelsRedHat 8 – Configure Libreswan IP Sec Host-To-Host with RSA Keys Red Hat FirewallD How Red Hat FirewallD WorksHow to Create Zones on Red Hat FirewallD Red Hat SAMBA File Server

Red Hat Storage

Red Hat NFS File System Red Hat Filesystems Red Hat LVMs

Red Hat Security

Red Hat SE Linux Read the full article

[elitehobo]

Automatically install IPSec/L2TP VPN on Debian

UPDATE: This now works on CentOS/RHEL too!

There's a great gist out there on the interwebs by Lin Song (aka hwdsl2) that installs an IPSec/L2TP VPN but it requires you to compile Libreswan. I'm not really into installing development tools on my VPSes, though.

Luckily the Libreswan guys (and gals) uploaded a few binaries for select OSes on their website! Debian Wheezy (Debian stable) is one of those select systems.

I just spent the last two days writing/perfecting this install script l2tp-install.sh. It would've taken me a lot less time, but late last night I realized that Openswan was no longer actively developed. :OOps! ;)

It works/ was tested on DigitalOcean's 64bit Debian 7 VPSes too, which is nice.

Anyway, check it out and let me know if it works/fails.

First update (and restart if you installed a new kernel) your VPS. apt-get update && apt-get upgrade shutdown -r now

Once you're logged back in clone my gist. git clone https://gist.github.com/77810e0af65594a2a26e.git cd 77810e0af65594a2a26e

If you're not using DigitalOcean, or are behind a NAT router you might need to manually set $PUBLIC_IP and $PRIVATE_IP.

nano +37 l2tp-install.sh

PUBLIC_IP="IP Provided by ISP" PRIVATE_IP="192.168.1.22"

Now, just make the script executable and run it.

chmod +x l2tp-install.sh ./l2tp-install.sh

Usage: ./l2tp-install.sh [OPTION...] Install and configure IPSec/L2TP VPN on Debian Wheezy (or Debian-like OS with modifications) install - install packages backups - backup (default|current) configuration config - update configuration restart - restart daemons print - print configuration wrapper - run all at once (only if each exists successfully)

I've been having problems with the Libreswan install script crashing so if you encounter something like this:

... Selecting previously unselected package libreswan. (Reading database ... 26559 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking libreswan (from libreswan_3.12~3-gdd6f200-deb_amd64.deb) ... Setting up libreswan (1:3.12~3-gdd6f200-deb) ... Starting pluto IKE daemon for IPsec: Message from syslogd@test0 at Nov 23 18:37:08 ... kernel:[ 74.379506] Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP Message from syslogd@test0 at Nov 23 18:37:08 ... kernel:[ 74.380615] Stack: Message from syslogd@test0 at Nov 23 18:37:08 ... kernel:[ 74.380615] Call Trace: Message from syslogd@test0 at Nov 23 18:37:08 ... kernel:[ 74.380615] Code: 4d 31 da 44 0f b6 5e 01 49 c1 e2 05 4d 31 da 44 0f b6 1e 49 c1 e2 05 4d 31 da 4d 6b fa 21 49 c1 ef 05 4c 89 fd 81 e5 ff 3f 00 00 <4d> 8b 14 e8 49 39 fa 72 6f 4c 39 d6 74 6a 49 89 f3 4d 29 d3 49 Message from syslogd@test0 at Nov 23 18:37:08 ... kernel:[ 74.380615] CR2: ffffc900001684a0

Break out of the script (with CTRL+C) and then re-run the configure script. dpkg --configure libreswan

Now, you can continue with the installation process. ./l2tp-install.sh backups && ./l2tp-install.sh config && ./l2tp-install.sh restart && ./l2tp-install.sh print

If this is a fresh Debian install, you'll need to add users. adduser <username>

To configure your devices to use the IPSec/L2TP VPN you'll need the information outputted by the print parameter of my script. ./l2tp-install.sh print

IP Address: 10.236.3.217 PRE SHARED KEY: 37458FB7E5F907F5FF2AA057BD91FF18DB08B739B4C1F15C0806DDA52499F4BA User/Password: All users on system. to see users: /etc/passwd to add users: `man adduser`

Please note that this script DOES NOT configure security. You'll need to configure the Linux firewall (iptables) and/or fail2ban on your own.