#Manetho The Philosopher

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☆☆☆Stolen Legacy - The Egyptian Origins of Western Philosophy☆☆☆ Description Challenging the notion that civilization started in Greece, this uncompromising classic attempts to prove that the true authors of Greek philosophy were not Greeks but Egyptians. The text asserts that the praise and honor blindly given to the Greeks for centuries rightfully belong to the people of Africa, and argues that the theft of this great African legacy led to erroneous world opinion that the African continent has made no contribution to civilization. Quoting such celebrated Greek scholars as Herodotus, Hippocrates, Aristotle, Thales, and Pythagoras, who admit to the influence of Egyptian studies in their work, this edition sheds new light on traditional philosophical and historical thought. Originally published in 1954, this book features a new introduction. Description 'Stolen Legacy' is George G.M. James' attempt to show that the true authors of Greek philosophy were not the Greeks but the peoples of Egypt. Review "excellent book" -- roxanne warner "great book" -- luther warner The book is an attempt to show that the true authors of Greek philosophy were not the Greeks, but the people of North Africa, commonly called the Egyptians; and the praise and honor falsely given to the Greeks for centuries belong to the people of North Africa, and therefore to the African Continent. Consequently, this theft of the African legacy by the Greeks led to the erroneous world opinion that the African Continent has made no contribution to civilization, and that its people are naturally backward. This is the misrepresentation that has become the basis of race prejudice, which has affected all people of color. "The aim of the book is to establish better race relations in the world, by revealing a fundamental truth concerning the contribution of the African Continent to civilization. It must be borne in mind that the first lesson in the Humanities is to make a people aware of their contribution to civilization; and the second lesson is to teach them about other civilizations. By this dissemination of the truth about the civilization of individual peoples, a better understanding among them, and a proper appraisal of each other should follow. This notion is based upon the notion of the Great Master Mind: Ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free. Consequently, the book is an attempt to show that the true authors of Greek philosophy were not the Greeks; but the people of North Africa, commonly called the Egyptians; and the praise and honour falsely given to the Greeks for centuries belong to the people of North Africa, and therefore to the African Continent. Consequently this theft of the African legacy by the Greeks led to the erroneous world opinion that the African Continent has made no contribution to civilization, and that its people are naturally backward. This is the misrepresentation that has become the basis of race prejudice, which has affected all people of color. For centuries the world has been misled about the original source of the Arts and Sciences; for centuries Socrates, Plato and Aristotle have been falsely idolized as models of intellectual greatness; and for centuries the African continent has been called the Dark Continent, because Europe coveted the honor of transmitting to the world, the Arts and Sciences. I am happy to be able to bring this information to the attention of the world, so that on the one hand, all races and creeds might know the truth and free themselves from those prejudices which have corrupted human relations; and on the other hand, that the people of African origin might be emancipated from their serfdom of inferiority complex, and enter upon a new era of freedom, in which they would feel like free men, with full human rights and privileges." ~ George G. M. James (Stolen Legacy) The Teachings of the Egyptian Mysteries Reached Other Lands Many Centuries Before It Reached Athens. "According to history, Pythagoras after receiving his training in Egypt, returned to his native island, Samos, where he established his order for a short time, after which he migrated to Croton (540 B.C.) in Southern Italy, where his order grew to enormous proportions, until his final expulsion from that country. We are also told that Thales (640 B.C.) who had also received his education in Egypt, and his associates: Anaximander, and Anaximenes, were natives of Ionia in Asia Minor, which was a stronghold of the Egyptian Mystery schools, which they carried on. (Sandford's The Mediterranean World, p. 195-205). Similarly, we are told that Xenophanes (576 B.C.), Parmenides, Zeno and Melissus were also natives of Ionia and that they migrated to Elea in Italy and established themselves and spread the teachings of the Mysteries. In like manner we are informed that Heraclitus (530 B.C.), Empedocles, Anaxagoras and Democritus were also natives of Ionia who were interested in physics. Hence in tracing the course of the so-called Greek philosophy, we find that Ionian students after obtaining their education from the Egyptian priests returned to their native land, while some of them migrated to different parts of Italy, where they established themselves. Consequently, history makes it clear that the surrounding neighbours of Egypt had all become familiar with the teachings of Egyptian Mysteries many centuries before the Athenians, who in 399 B.C. sentenced Socrates to death (Zeller's Hist. of Phil., p. 112; 127; 170-172) and subsequently caused Plato and Aristotle to flee for their lives from Athens, because philosophy was something foreign and unknown to them. For this same reason, we would expect either the Ionians or the Italians to exert their prior claim to philosophy, since it made contact with them long before it did with the Athenians, who were always its greatest enemies, until Alexander's conquest of Egypt, which provided for Aristotle free access to the Library of Alexandria. The Ionians and Italians made no attempt to claim the authorship of philosophy, because they were well aware that the Egyptians were the true authors. On the other hand, after the death of Aristotle, his Athenian pupils, without the authority of the state, undertook to compile a history of philosophy, recognized at that time as the Sophia or Wisdom of the Egyptians, which had become current and traditional in the ancient world, which compilation, because it was produced by pupils who had belonged to Aristotle's school, later history has erroneously called Greek philosophy, in spite of the fact that the Greeks were its greatest enemies and persecutors, and had persistently treated it as a foreign innovation. For this reason, the so-called Greek philosophy is stolen Egyptian philosophy, which first spread to Ionia, thence to Italy and thence to Athens. And it must be remembered that at this remote period of Greek history, i.e., Thales to Aristotle 640 B.C.- 322 B.C., the Ionians were not Greek citizens, but at first Egyptian subjects and later Persian subjects. A brief sketch of the ancient Egyptian Empire would also make it clear that Asia Minor or Ionia was the ancient land of the Hittites, who were not known by any other name in ancient days. According to Diodorus and Manetho, High Priest in Egypt, two columns were found at Nysa Arabia; one of the Goddess Isis and the other of the God Osiris, on the latter of which the God declared that he had led an army into India, to the sources of the Danube, and as far as the ocean. This means of course, that the Egyptian Empire, at a very early date, included not only the islands of the Aegean sea and Ionia, but also extended to the extremities of the East. We are also informed that Senusert I, during the 12th Dynasty (i.e., about 1900 B.C.) conquered the whole sea coast of India, beyond the Ganges to the Eastern ocean. He is also said to have included the Cyclades and a great part of Europe in his conquests. Secondly, the "Amarna Letters" found in the government offices of the Egyptian King, Iknaton, testify to the fact, that the Egyptian Empire had extended to western Asia, Syria and Palestine, and that for centuries Egyptian power had been supreme in the ancient world. This was in the 18th Dynasty i.e., about 1500 B.C. We are also told that during the reign of Tuthmosis III, the dominion of Egypt extended not only along the coast of Palestine, but also from Nubia to Northern Asia." ~ Mr. George G.M. James

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Chatto, William Andrew, 1799-1864. Facts And Speculations On the Origin And History of Playing Cards. London: J. R. Smith, 1848.

Court de Gebelin," a Gnostic, at least in the philosophic, if not in the religious, sense of the word, finds in the old Italian Tarocchi cards the vestiges of the learning of the ancient Egyptians, somewhat mutilated and disguised, in deed, by Gothic ignorance, which suspected not the profound knowledge concealed in its playthings, but still intelligible to the penetrating genius which initiates itself into all ancient mysteries, is fond of exploring the profoundly obscure, and becomes oracular, talking confidently of what it sees, when it is only groping in the dark. Court de Gebelin's theory suggests at once a general history of science and art, which, as everybody knows, had their cradle in ancient Egypt, and induces dim, but glorious visions of the ancient Egyptian kings, Sesonch, Rameses, and Amonoph: the chrono logers, Sanchoniathon, Manetho, and Berosus, follow, as a matter of course, whether originally known from Bishop Cumberland, or from Mr. Jenkinson, in the ‘Vicar of Wakefield.” Then who can think of the knowledge of the ancient Egyptians, and of its essence being contained in the symbolic characters of a pack of cards, without hieroglyphic 1 In a dissertation “Du Jeu de Tarots, où l’on traite de son origine, où l’on explique ses allegories, et ou l’on fait voir qu'il est la source de nos Cartes modernes à jouer,” &c. This dissertation is contained in his Monde primitif, analysé et comparé avec le Monde moderne.—Dissertations mêlées, tom. i, p. 365-394. Paris, 1781. It is not unlikely that he was led to make this discovery from the notices of a philosophic game of the ancient Egyptians, quoted by Meursius, in his treatise De Ludis Graecorum, p. 53. Lugduni Batavorum, 1622. A summary of Court de Gebelin's conceits on the subject

of Tarots is to be found in Peignot's Analyse de Recherches sur les Cartes a jouer, p. 227-237.  [17] 

https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/006567869/Cite

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Petersburg by Andrei Bely, translated by Robert A. Maguire & John E. Malmstad

He was thinking, and he wasn’t. His thoughts were thinking themselves. . . . (p. 18)

***

Nikolai Petrovich Tsukatov had spent his whole life dancing, and now Nikolai Petrovich was dancing that life to a close. He was dancing it out inoffensively, without vulgarity. No cloud darkened his soul, which always shone, as did his bald spot, which glowed like the sun, or as did his shaven chin between sidewhiskers, which looked like the crescent moon between clouds.

Everything in his life had always gone dancingly.

He had begun to dance while still a boy. He dance better than anyone else. Toward the end of his Gymnasium days new acquaintances had danced into his life. Toward the end of his university days he had danced himself out of the circle of acquaintances into a career. He danced an estate down the drain, and he launched into balls. With remarkable ease he brought into his house his helpmeet Lyubov Alexeyevna. The helpmeet proved to have a dowry, and Nikolai Petrovich now danced in his own house. He had succeeded in dancing out the birth of two daughters and their education.

So that now he was dancing himself out. (p. 104)

***

When Apollon Apollonovich’s duties made it necessary for him to converse with priests, he was always aware of how bad their feet smelled. (p. 123)

***

At that time [Alexander Ivanovich] had had occasion to develop his highly paradoxical theory about the necessity of destroying culture. The period of humanism had outlived its time and was over. History was wind-eroded marl. A period of healthy barbarism was at hand, pushing up out of the lower strata of the people, out of the upper strata (the revolt of the arts against form, the interest in the exotic), out of the bourgeoisie too (ladies’ fashions). Oh, yes, yes: Alexander Ivanovich had preached burning the libraries, universities, museums, and summoning the Mongols. (Later he took fright.) (p. 203)

***

Wearing a thick pith helmet with netting, Nikolai Apollonovich sits on a pile of sand. Before him is an immense moldering head that is on the verge of collapsing into sandstone thousands of years old. Nikolai Apollonovich is sitting before the Sphinx

He has been here for two years now He is doing research in the museum at Bulaq. Yes, yes, the commentaries on “The Book of the Dead” and the writings of Manetho are incorrect. Yes, yes, Nikolai Apollonovich has been engulfed by Egypt. He foresees the fate of Egypt in the twentieth century. Culture is a moldering head: everything in it has died; nothing has remained. There will be an explosion: everything will be swept away. (p. 292)

***

“[Bely] conceived of cultural achievements as the external manifestation of man’s internal process of imbuing the chaotic objective world with meaning. Bely took nothing for granted; there was to him no such thing as given reality. The world outside man is chaotic, meaningless, and therefore hostile, until it is transformed in the human mind, and this idea was not an abstract philosophical conviction, reached as a result of study, but the product of a real and inescapable way of perceiving the world. To Bely, then, a period or a culture is defined by the way in which it creates form out of chaos An architectural shape cannot be fully described in terms of material and function, but is to be seen as the tangible expression of a certain psychic disposition” (John Elsworth, Andrey Bely, Letchworth, England, 1972, p. 72). (Notes, p. 354)

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Egypt before the pharaohs

Certain grey areas remain in the history of this Egypt that fascinates us so much. How did this civilization begin? Why does the papyrus of Manetho, which provides the chronology of the pharaohs, so upset official Egyptology? Antoine Gigal gives a progress report on recent discoveries. The pre-pharaonic past of Egypt remains a very great enigma because the question remains as to what exactly occurred during the mysterious period prior to 3000 BC, date of the appearance of the first official pharaoh known as Menes-Narmer. At that time, in a few decades, without any warning, there suddenly appeared in a surprisingly perfect form, writing, perfect pyramids, erudite astronomy, technical skills and knowledge - everything that goes with a very sophisticated civilization. And it all seems to have arrived very quickly. As the English Egyptologist Toby Wilkinson put it so well: "They seem to have no ancestors or periods of development, they seem to have appeared overnight." The French authority Gaston Maspero (1846-1916) comments about the Egyptian texts: "The religion and the texts which made it known to us were already established before the first dynasty. In order to understand them it is up to us to put ourselves in the frame of mind of the people who constructed them, more than seven thousand years ago." (Revue de l'Histoire des Religions, vol. XIX, p.12). Yes, that's what it says: "before the first dynasty"!

The ancient Egyptians viewed their civilization as a legacy coming directly from divine beings who existed in Egypt thousands of years before the pharaonic dynasties that we know about. The papyrus of Turin (or more exactly the royal canon displayed at the museum of Egyptology of Turin), written in hieroglyphics and dating back to Ramses II, presents a list of all the pharaohs who reigned in the land of Egypt. This list includes not only the historical pharaohs, but also the "divine pharaohs who came from elsewhere" who reigned before the first dynasty of Menes. We are also told that this preceding lineage reigned for 13,420 years!

It's hard to overlook this, yet a kind of consensual omerta reigns on this subject in official circles, which prefer to regard this lineage as mythical, thus making the subject easier to evade. Actually 160 fragments of this document were taken to Turin by the Italian Drovetti, French Consul in Egypt in 1822, though strangely enough certain fragments representing the whole beginning of the list are missing. In his day the brilliant Champollion was aware of the true importance of this document in establishing accurate dating.

Fortunately the Palermo stele also cites these so-called "mythical" pre-dynastic kings going back thousands of years. It refers to Horus himself as having reigned over the land of Egypt. According to Manetho, Thoth reigned approximately from 8670 to 7100 BC, "after the night of the battle". Hesiod, the renowned historian and moralist living at the time of Homer (8thC BC), obtained most of the information he recorded in his Theogamy, a genealogy of the dynasties known as celestial that reigned on Earth, from the Egyptian high priests.

The Egyptian High Priest Manetho (Ma-n-Thoth) from Sebennytos in the Delta, Master of the Secrets (3rdC BC), who had access to the library of Alexandria and who wrote for the pharaoh a history of Egypt in Greek in 30 volumes, the Aegiptiaca, also cited these pre-dynastic dynasties of divine origin.

What is curious but significant is that today's Egyptologists still use Manetho's dating, which is considered perfectly reliable for everything related to the "officially" recognized dynasties; but they carefully avoid anything that relates to the prehistoric dynasties, while still regarding him as the "Father" of Egyptology! Strange intellectual acrobatics in order to remain "politically correct"! Mainstream Egyptology avoids talking much about Manetho, because they find some of the details he gives extremely disturbing.

Manetho wrote for example that according to the stelae coming from the gods of the first (real) dynasty, more than 20,000 works were attributed to Thoth (Tehuti, Hermes). He also reported that these same gods reigned from 33,894 to 23,642 BC. It must be said that this is more than a little disturbing, coming from one whose work is the basis for the entire official chronology of the dynasties recognized as authentic. How handy it is to take some of the facts provided and ignore others that don't fit into our mindset … However Champollion, who had read many original texts, endowed as he was with a sense of flair and extraordinary genius, recognized the existence of at least 42 of these books of Thoth: "There are altogether 42 principal books of Hermes [Thoth] including 36 presenting the whole of Egyptian philosophy, which are studied by the priests of the upper classes." (L'Egypte Ancienne, Paris)

Manetho gives us very interesting details on the dynasties called "divine", which he divides into three categories: Gods, Heroes, and "Manes". He also explains that the category of the Gods was divided into seven sections, each having a god at its head, including Horus, Anubis, Thoth, Ptah, Osiris and Ra, and that "these gods who originated from Earth then became celestial and associated with the stars as they reached heaven". (It does indeed say "originating from Earth" - and there is undoubtedly much to be discovered in the subterranean realms of our planet.) Next are the Heroes, beings with supernatural terrestrial powers, and finally the "Manes" (also called "Khus"), glorious beings corresponding to the spirits of ancestors revered in other cultures. Osiris himself says, in The Book of Coming Out by Day: "The tunnels of the Earth gave me birth." And according to Plutarch, who wrote a very erudite work on the cult of Isis and Osiris, "Ra departed to the heavens and Osiris became pharaoh of Egypt with Isis and they built Thebes [the present Luxor]". Finally there are many pre-dynastic genealogies cited by many serious scholars of the early years of our era, like that of Eusebius, bishop of Caesarea in Palestine, and that of the most important Byzantine chronicler, Syncellus, residing also in Palestine.

All these sources speak to us about a lineage of gods who reigned each one for several hundreds of years, for a total of 23,200 years, then of a list of "Shemsu Hor", called "Followers of Horus", who reigned for 13,400 years. Then come the names of the "normal" Pharaohs whom we know. The fact that divine and semi-divine sovereigns could each have reigned hundred of years is unacceptable in our view of things, but we should ask ourselves why we accept without flinching the hundreds of years of life of the people and prophets of the Bible, such as Enoch who lived over 360 years. Many factors explaining a much slower aging process can be understood today through science: different terrestrial gravity, lower density, or better protected or different DNA, or other ways of measuring time. There are many theories that could justify such life spans.

It was during the period of the strange Shemsu Hor (from 4000 BC) - these "companions of Horus" described wearing masks of falcon or wolf, whom we imagine to be the initiators of the Pharaonic dynasties (though as we shall see they were not really so) - that there suddenly appeared an unequalled degree of sophistication and a remarkable civilization in its entire splendour.

It was the researcher and philosopher Schwaller de Lubicz (1887-1961) who, to my knowledge, generally "imposed" the translation of "Shemsu Hor" as "Followers of Horus", which has been taken up by thousands of others since. He thus understood that very advanced people arrived in Egypt at prehistoric times and suddenly brought all the knowledge. Following this widely held belief many authors, including the prolific Zecharia Sitchin (thinking that it referred to the Annunaki who had arrived first in Sumer), thought and wrote that this advance was due to the sudden arrival of beings from elsewhere, some kind of extraterrestrials. However, it is not only wrong and far more complicated than that, but it is even more extraordinary.

Let us focus initially on the work of the French Egyptologist Emile Amélineau (1850-1915), who devoted himself to the first dynasties and who excavated, for the first time, the tombs of the pharaohs of the first (official) dynasty. In his excavations in the south of Egypt he discovered evidence of the existence of already advanced people earlier than the Pharaohs of the first dynasty. He discovered in particular the people of black race, the Anu (sometimes called "Aunu"). (Nothing to do with the Annunaki, although it sounds like a similar word.)

They raised livestock and practised extensive agriculture all along the Nile and protected themselves inside the defensive walls of cities. They founded the towns of Esna (Anu Tseni), Erment (Anu Menti), Qush, Gebelein (Anti) and even Heliopolis (which was originally named "Anu"). These cities include in their written names the characteristic symbol designating the Anu people, the three columns. And according to many researchers (Chandler, etc), the greatest figures of ancient Egypt, such as Osiris, Isis, Hermes and Horus came from this ancient Anu race. May I remind you that according to the ancient texts, Osiris, for example, is known as "Son of Geb and Nut, born in Thebes in Upper Egypt", which gives him a reality in historical life; the texts even say that he taught the arts of agriculture and established the rule of law. (For my part, I do not totally agree with the thesis that these beings originated only among the Anu.)

In any case the Anu knew the use of metals and ivory, they were very organized and knew how to write. This was proven by many artefacts found by Amélineau in the region of Abydos and described in his Nouvelles Fouilles d'Abydos. The archaeologist pointed out: "If Osiris was of Nubian origin, although born in Thebes, then it would be easy to understand why the fight between Osiris and Seth took place in Nubia." (Prolégomènes, pp.124-5). Let us not forget that according to certain researchers, Anu is a term applied to Osiris himself. Amélineau comments that it was "in an ethnic sense that we must read the term Anu applied to Osiris." He also quotes a passage from Chapter 15 of The Book of the Dead (of which the real title is The Book of Coming Out into the Light): "O Thou God Anu in the mountainous land of Antem! O Great God of the double solar mountain!" It was the name of Osiris in his role as fourth Pharaoh on Earth which the Greeks translated by Onnuphris, that is to say, "the Good".

We have an extraordinary object from pre-dynastic Anu found by the great English Egyptologist William Flinders Petrie (1853-1942) in Abydos. It is a glazed and inscribed earthenware tile, unearthed from below the dynastic temple. The inscription bears the portrait of the Anu ruler, Tera-neter. There is even his address at the top: "Palace of the Anu at Ermant, Tera-neter."

But the Anu are only one contribution to Egyptian civilization. There are others, as is being revealed more and more with the latest archaeological discoveries in the south of Egypt. We should include also the Mesnitu (whom certain researchers identify with the Shemsu Hor) who came from Punt, more precisely from Somalia. Their land was called Ta Neteru ('the land of the gods'). They were mostly metal workers and blacksmiths and ended up eventually dominating the Anu and their Nubian land Ta Seti ('the land of the bond' or 'the land of the prow' according to translation) of Sudan. Gradually the two lands were assimilated into one, Ta Khent ('land of the beginning'). The physical difference between the Anu and the Mesnitu is noted in their jaws: those of the Anu are rounder and short whereas those of the Mesnitu are square like that of Narmer-Menes. But there are also sub-groups within these two groups, such as the Beja (among the Mesnitu) and the Rekhytu people in north (who arrived in the valley of the Nile by Coptos) and groups supporting or mixing with the Anu coming from Sinai and Libya.

The history is complex because there are yet more groups of various origins: the Aamu of Asian style but dressed like Egyptians and living in the mountains of Egypt; the Nehesy, living beyond present-day Sudan, the Temehu of the Western Desert, Libya and the northern coasts of Egypt. All these people were not just simple aboriginal hunters as some think. They had great knowledge and organization; but then where did their knowledge come from in such remote times?

Let us examine first the tangible evidence. Human fragments accompanied by signs of civilization, the oldest that archaeology has uncovered in Egypt (though in the coming months we may find things much older still), have been found 250km south of Aswan at Qadan, in ritual burials officially dated to 13,000-9000 BC. It is an undoubted fact that these people were not just simple aborigines; they had tools and knowledge of agriculture and complex rituals. Though this is not yet the high sophistication that we are looking for, we can see that they were much older than the Sumerians and even the Ubaid before them. It is high time that people realized that civilization on Earth probably did not begin in Sumer (an assertion imposed in the 19th century in the biblical context); the story is much more complex than that, as indicated by new evidence coming to light on all sides.

I cannot resist announcing the discovery on 7 May 2009 by a Belgian team, in a mountain cave close to Denderah in southern Egypt, of a skeleton probably dated between 30,000 and 33,000 years ago. And that's not all: the skull was turned towards the east, and several pots were found around the remains, proof of a certain level of culture.

But let us return to the research concerning the group of people with sophisticated knowledge who were apparently much more advanced than others in the arts of civilisation, and who disappeared from Egypt in about 4000 BC.

Professor Walter B. Emery (1903-1971), an excellent archaeologist with 45 years of experience excavating in Egypt and author of the book Archaic Egypt, found in certain tombs the remains of people who lived in pre-dynastic times in the north of Upper Egypt. The features of these bodies and skeletons are incredible. The skulls are of abnormal size and are dolichocephalic, i.e. the cranium as seen from above is oval, and is about 25% longer than it is wide. Some skulls show no sign of the usual sutures. The skeletons are larger than the average for the area and especially the skeletal frame is broader and heavier. He did not hesitate to identify them with the "Followers of Horus" and found that in their lifetime they filled an important priestly role. With regard to the long-headed skulls, it seems that it is not a prehistoric lineage of evolution but rather a lineage coming from a cycle of civilization from before the Flood.

These enlarged skulls have already been found in several regions of the world. Dr. J. Von Tschudi and Mariane E. Rivero in Peru have indentified three pre-Inca dolichocephalic races, the Chinchas, Aymaras and Huancas. They also found that if the Chinchas had a lengthened skull it was because they bandaged the skulls of their children in order to resemble the two other groups, who did not bandage their skulls. They managed to work out that the original group with the most marked natural characteristics were the Chinchas. They preceded the first Inca, Manco Capac, and probably influenced both the Incas and the Maya in later times. Researchers A.H. Verrill and Posnansky point out that the oldest pre-Inca city in Peru, Tiahuanaco, dates from the same time as pre-dynastic Egypt, and enlarged skulls of this period can be seen in Tihuanaco Museum.

It is therefore asserted that there once existed an antediluvian race that has been found here and there all over the world, a race that had a naturally elongated conical skull, as affirmed by some researchers, among them Dr Tschudi, who possesses a fossil from that time of a 7-month-old foetus with a dolichocephalic skull still in the womb of its mother.

All this is far from being "politically correct" because these facts call into question genetics, the history of evolution and beliefs based on the Bible. It is thus only very slowly that people absorb these new but fascinating facts. To cite one example, dolichocephalic skulls have been withdrawn from public view in the museum of Valetta in Malta, undoubtedly to avoid offending the religious sensitivities of some people. Indeed, about 700 of these skulls were found in Malta in the hypogea of Hal Saflieni and the tombs of the megalithic temples of Taxien and Ggantja. It was Dr Anton Mifsud and Dr Charles Savona Ventura who analyzed the skulls and came to the same conclusion as in Peru, identifying three different groups, some of completely "natural" origin, and others that had been bandaged.

This is another even closer link with Egypt. The former name of Malta is Melita, from the Latin mel, 'honey'. The symbol of Malta is a bee with its hexagonal honeycomb. Let us not forget that the symbol of the pharaoh in Egypt is also the bee ('bit') which gives him one of his titles. Honey was reserved for the Pharaoh and the chief priests, and Mel (or Mer) was one of the names given to the pyramids in Egypt. In addition, sun worship prevailed in Malta as in Egypt, and the dolichocephalic caste disappeared at the same time in both countries. In my own research, I've found that there was very probably a migration of these long-headed people from Egypt to Malta, and traces of them are found in Cretan civilization. Be that as it may, this race that seems to have been devoted to the priesthood and teaching, and that kept itself more or less separate, had one point in common everywhere: the building of megalithic monuments. It formed a dominant priestly caste wherever it was. Could these people really be the descendants of an antediluvian race? Perhaps. But are they the famous Shemsu Hor? It's not certain.

Today, what says the oral tradition, still alive among certain Egyptians who have been initiated from generation to generation? It says that the term "Shemsu Hor" has been very poorly translated. The meaning "Followers of Horus" is not convincing. For them, the word is initially "Sheshu Hor" and indicates in very early Egyptian, "the evolved principle of man". The phrase "Zep Tepi" that Robert Bauval and Graham Hancock have translated as the "First Time" is for them, and for the British Egyptologist E.A. Raymond, to be translated as "when the gods manifested as humans". The exact sentence found on the walls of the temple of Edfu is: "Ntr ntri hpr m sp tpy", that is to say, "the sanctified god who came to be born at the first time". The keepers of the oral tradition say that these words refer to a time when the divine appeared among humans to raise their consciousness. They say that the humans of that time in Egypt, the Shesh people (whence 'Sheshu Hor'), organized into 42 tribes (which gave later the 42 nomes or regions), were beginning to lose their subtle senses. Indeed, if we now have our five senses today, according to the wisdom keepers at that time we had 365! We have really lost so many of them! The divine beings manifested more and more at that time to try to halt the degradation and the loss of senses among the Shesh, and to try to preserve the communion with the 360 Neters or "the 360 principles of divine creation" (wrongly translated as "gods", as they say). Thus there were in the beginning the Shesh people, consisting of 42 tribes (including the Anu) of various origins, having united and having had prestigious ancestors like Anubis, Osiris, etc., and also a mysterious dolichocephalic race of which we know almost nothing.

One thing is certain: Egypt was an incredible melting pot of mixed races and it will be necessary to make a further serious study of the origins of these people. It is already known from all the documents of ancient Egypt that "the Egyptian people came from the land of Punt". Researchers today are struggling to give this place an exact geographical location, placing it in turn in Ethiopia, in Sudan or elsewhere. To my mind the richest and most convincing thesis is that of the Director of Research at the François Daumas Institute of Egyptology, Dimitri Meeks, who places Punt in Arabia. This is the only fully convincing theory in the light of the texts, and as soon as we can conduct research over there I am sure we will learn much more about the early Egyptians. But the researchers will have to become more open to a new paradigm, that of a very advanced civilization existing long before the last Flood.

Copyright: Antoine Gigal (Translation by Valérie Sandelin with Daniel Winter’s help - from a French article: “L’Egypte d’avant les Pharaons” in the French “Sacrée Planète” magazine – April-May 2010)

Bibliography

Émile Amélineau, Nouvelles Fouilles d'Abydos, 1895-6, 1896-7 & 1897-8 (full report of the excavations), Paris: Ed. Leroux, 1901, 1902 & 1904-5.

Émile Amélineau, Prolégomènes à l'étude de la réligion égyptienne, Paris: Ed. Leroux, 1916.

Dr. G. Elliot Smith, The Ancient Egyptians, Harper, 1923.

Arthur Posnansky, Tiahuanacu, New York: J.J. Augustin, 1946.

Randy Koppang, "The Dolichocephaloids: Missing Race of Our Human Family", www.paranoiamagazine.com/articles.html.

Dimitri Meeks, Chapter 4: "Locating Punt", Mysterious Lands, David B. O'Connor & Stephen Quirke, UCL Press, 2003.

Anton & Simon Mifsud, Malta Dossier, "Evidence for the Magdalenian", Proprint Co., 1997.

C. Soaped Ventura, Anton Mifsud, Prehistoric Medicine in Malta, Proprint Co., 1999.

Anton Mifsud, C. Soaped Ventura, Facets of Maltese Prehistory, Prehistoric Society of Malta, 1999.

Graham Hancock, Fingerprints of the Gods, Corbaccio, 1996.

David Rohl, Legend, Piemme, 2000.

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There are the OCs that you like so much cause you really love them and want to take care of them and then there are the OCs that you like simply because they're really fun to use as a punching bag.