#Molecular Subtypes

[gauricmi]

Personalized Approaches to Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treatment: Targeting Tumor Diversity

Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (cSCC) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by diverse clinical and molecular features. Personalized treatment approaches that take into account the unique characteristics of individual tumors have emerged as a promising strategy to improve treatment outcomes and patient survival.

Understanding Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (cSCC) is a type of skin cancer that arises from the malignant transformation of squamous cells in the epidermis or its appendages. It encompasses a spectrum of disease presentations, ranging from localized lesions to metastatic tumors with varying clinical behaviors.

Tumor Heterogeneity and Molecular Subtypes: Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (cSCC) exhibits considerable heterogeneity at the molecular level, with distinct genetic alterations and signaling pathways driving tumor progression and metastasis. Molecular subtyping studies have identified different subgroups of cSCC tumors based on their genomic profiles, providing insights into tumor diversity and potential therapeutic targets.

Precision Medicine in cSCC Treatment: Precision medicine approaches aim to tailor treatment strategies to the specific molecular characteristics of individual tumors, allowing for more targeted and effective therapies. By identifying actionable mutations or biomarkers, clinicians can select therapies that are most likely to benefit patients while minimizing the risk of treatment-related toxicities.

Genomic Profiling and Biomarker Identification: Advances in genomic sequencing technologies have enabled comprehensive profiling of cSCC tumors, revealing recurrent mutations in genes involved in cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, and immune evasion. Biomarker identification efforts seek to identify predictive markers of treatment response and prognosis, guiding treatment decisions in personalized medicine.

Get More Insights On This Topic: Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

[mdnewsline1]

Discover Hidden HIV Transmission Patterns: A Breakthrough Study

Learn how advanced molecular analysis is uncovering concealed transmission routes of HIV-1 F1 subtype in Romania. This study highlights the discrepancies between self-reported data and actual transmission networks, particularly among MSM (Men who have Sex with Men) and PWIDs (People Who Inject Drugs).

Key Highlights:

Larger transmission clusters among MSM than self-reports reveal.

Overrepresentation of heterosexual transmission in self-reported data.

Molecular tools like FastTree and ClusterPicker identify 25 distinct clusters.

Revolutionize HIV prevention efforts with insights from this critical research.

Read More: https://mdnewsline.com/tracking-transmission-routes-in-romanian-hiv-1-f1-subtype/

Empowering public health with science!

[afeelgoodblog]

The Best News of Last Week - March 18

1. FDA to Finally Outlaw Soda Ingredient Prohibited Around The World

An ingredient once commonly used in citrus-flavored sodas to keep the tangy taste mixed thoroughly through the beverage could finally be banned for good across the US. BVO, or brominated vegetable oil, is already banned in many countries, including India, Japan, and nations of the European Union, and was outlawed in the state of California in October 2022.

2. AI makes breakthrough discovery in battle to cure prostate cancer

Scientists have used AI to reveal a new form of aggressive prostate cancer which could revolutionise how the disease is diagnosed and treated.

A Cancer Research UK-funded study found prostate cancer, which affects one in eight men in their lifetime, includes two subtypes. It is hoped the findings could save thousands of lives in future and revolutionise how the cancer is diagnosed and treated.

3. “Inverse vaccine” shows potential to treat multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases

A new type of vaccine developed by researchers at the University of Chicago’s Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering (PME) has shown in the lab setting that it can completely reverse autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes — all without shutting down the rest of the immune system.

4. Paris 2024 Olympics makes history with unprecedented full gender parity

In a historic move, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) has distributed equal quotas for female and male athletes for the upcoming Olympic Games in Paris 2024. It is the first time The Olympics will have full gender parity and is a significant milestone in the pursuit of equal representation and opportunities for women in sports.

Biased media coverage lead girls and boys to abandon sports.

5. Restored coral reefs can grow as fast as healthy reefs in just 4 years, new research shows

Planting new coral in degraded reefs can lead to rapid recovery – with restored reefs growing as fast as healthy reefs after just four years. Researchers studied these reefs to assess whether coral restoration can bring back the important ecosystem functions of a healthy reef.

“The speed of recovery we saw is incredible,” said lead author Dr Ines Lange, from the University of Exeter.

6. EU regulators pass the planet's first sweeping AI regulations

The EU is banning practices that it believes will threaten citizens' rights. "Biometric categorization systems based on sensitive characteristics" will be outlawed, as will the "untargeted scraping" of images of faces from CCTV footage and the web to create facial recognition databases.

Other applications that will be banned include social scoring; emotion recognition in schools and workplaces; and "AI that manipulates human behavior or exploits people’s vulnerabilities."

7. Global child deaths reach historic low in 2022 – UN report

The number of children who died before their fifth birthday has reached a historic low, dropping to 4.9 million in 2022.

The report reveals that more children are surviving today than ever before, with the global under-5 mortality rate declining by 51 per cent since 2000.

---

That's it for this week :)

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[covid-safer-hotties]

Also preserved in our archive (Daily updates!)

Unlocking the secrets behind immune exhaustion in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and long COVID patients is at the center of new Griffith University research.

The study, published Oct. 22 in JCI Insights, investigated immune exhaustion at the molecular level, and offers a crucial step forward in understanding the overlap and differences between ME/CFS and long COVID.

Lead author and Research Fellow at Griffith's National Center for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases (NCNED), Dr. Natalie Eaton-Fitch said the term "immune exhaustion" is new in the area of ME/CFS.

"Our research highlights the importance of investigating different immune pathways to better understand these complex conditions," Dr. Eaton-Fitch said.

"Research is ongoing into overlapping and distinct mechanisms at play for ME/CFS and long COVID.

"While we identified commonalities between the two diseases, there are also distinct immune mechanisms potentially at play which may be indicative of the differences in duration of illness and potential insights into early disease progression."

The study is the first to concurrently analyze immune gene expression in both ME/CFS and long COVID patients, emphasizing the intricate role of immune exhaustion in disease progression for both conditions.

ME/CFS and long COVID are increasingly recognized as serious multisystemic conditions that severely impact quality of life.

This research provides insight into the mechanisms of conditions impacting approximately 250,000 Australians with ME/CFS and 500,000 Australians with long COVID.

NCNED Director, Professor Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik, said, "This research will guide investigators on defining subtypes of ME/CFS and long COVID according to immune gene expression."

"Further investigations into immune gene expression may offer new insights into biomarkers used for identifying disease subtypes or treatment strategies for these chronic conditions," Professor Marshall-Gradisnik said.

"Our team is dedicated to using innovative technologies to further identify the mechanisms of ME/CFS and long COVID.

"Our research goal is to ultimately provide innovative technology to improve diagnosis and treatment for people suffering these conditions."

More information: Natalie Eaton-Fitch et al, Immune exhaustion in ME/CFS and long COVID, JCI Insights (2024). DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.183810. insight.jci.org/articles/view/183810 insight.jci.org/articles/view/183810

[cantsayidont]

Ancient Egyptians may have given cats the personality to conquer the world

Civilization of the pharaohs may have turbocharged domestication

19 JUN 2017

BY DAVID GRIMM

A cat in a domestic setting—eating under a dining table—sometime after 1500 B.C.E. ASHMOLEAN MUSEUM, UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD/BRIDGEMAN IMAGES

In 2007, other researchers had analyzed the DNA of modern cats to show that all living domestic cats trace their ancestry to the Near Eastern wildcat (Felis silvestris lybica)—a small, sandy-colored feline that looks like a Mackerel tabby. This subspecies contains felines with five unique genetic signatures in their mitochondrial DNA. …

The world's first cats all appear to sport the same lybica subtype, mitochondrial type A. This genetic signature pops up at least 9000 years ago in what is now Turkey, the team reports today in Nature Ecology & Evolution. Archaeologists think that, perhaps about 10,000 years ago, wildcats in this region—with a southern coast just a few dozen kilometers from Cyprus—slunk into early farming villages to hunt rodents and eventually self-domesticated into modern cats. By 6500 years ago, these type A cats began appearing in southeastern Europe, the team found, possibly following migrating farmers. After that, cats infiltrated the rest of Europe, Africa, and Asia.

But that's only half the story. Most of the Egyptian cat mummies sport a different lybica subtype, type C, which first appears in the team's samples around 800 B.C.E. (It's possible that the type C cat could have been living in Egypt much earlier—the early graveyard study didn't yield any usable DNA.) Cats with this genetic signature appear to have been incredibly popular: By the fifth century C.E., they spread through Europe and the Mediterranean. And during the first millennium C.E., they came to outnumber type A cats two to one in places like western Turkey.

The ancient Egyptians may have been responsible for this popularity. "The Egyptians were the first people to have the resources to do everything bigger and better," says Carlos Driscoll, the World Wildlife Fund chair in conservation genetics at the Wildlife Institute of India in Dehradun, who led the 2007 study. That ability may have extended to breeding cats. As the Egyptians bred more and more felines, Driscoll speculates, they would have selected for the ones that were easiest to have around—more social and less territorial than their predecessors. "They turbocharged the tameness process."

Egypt's art reflects this dramatic transformation. The earliest representations of cats depict a working animal, like the rat hunter in the limestone tomb. But over the centuries the felines begin to appear in more domestic contexts, hunting birds with people, wearing collars, and—by 1500 B.C.E.—sitting under chairs at the dinner table. "They go from being a slaughterer of mice to a couch potato," says Eva Maria-Geigl, an evolutionary geneticist who oversaw the study with molecular biologist Thierry Grange, both at the Jacques Monod Institute in Paris.

[bpod-bpod]

Local Character

Like two streets in the same city with very different vibes, two blood vessels in the same kidney can have very different characteristics. Researchers know that the network of vessels that helps the kidney filter and regulate blood flow is complex and specialised. To better understand the details, a team examined the genetic expression (activity) patterns in cells lining vessels (endothelial cells) in mouse embryos (pictured, endothelial cells highlighted pink and markers of vessels shown green), tracking genetic lineage and physical characteristics. In creating an atlas of vessel development, they identified distinct subtypes of endothelial cells showing that vessels across the kidney are underpinned by unique features depending on where they are and what function they specialise in. Many chronic kidney conditions, including those that arise during development and persist after birth, depend on the vascular system, so establishing these patterns will help pinpoint problems and provide platforms to study treatments.

Written by Anthony Lewis

Image from work by Peter M Luo and Neha Ahuja, and colleagues

Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA

Image contributed by the authors under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence

Published in bioRxiv, January 2025 (not peer reviewed)

You can also follow BPoD on Instagram, Twitter, Facebook and Bluesky

[darkmaga-returns]

By Nicolas Hulscher, MPH

The study titled, Direct sensing of dietary ω-6 linoleic acid through FABP5-mTORC1 signaling, was recently published in the journal Science:

RATIONALE ω-6 linoleic acid (LA) is the most abundant unsaturated fat in Western-style diets and is derived from animal products [grain-fed instead of grass-fed] and processed foods containing vegetable oils, such as safflower oil. Many case-controlled retrospective and prospective studies have been conducted that explore associations between ω-6 LA intake and breast cancer incidence, but the conclusions are often contradictory. Adding to this complexity is breast cancer heterogeneity: Patients are stratified into four main clinical subtypes on the basis of expression of hormone receptors or lack thereof, each with distinct molecular characteristics and therapeutic sensitivities. Because ω-6 LA is an essential nutrient, we hypothesized that the mTOR pathway senses and is activated by its availability, leading to increased breast cancer cell proliferation in a subtype-specific manner. RESULTS By leveraging an extensive panel of breast cancer cell lines and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors, we observed that ω-6 LA could activate mTORC1 but only in models of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is the most aggressive subtype that lacks any targeted therapy. We found that levels of the lipid chaperone fatty acid–binding protein 5 (FABP5) were significantly higher in TNBC compared with hormone receptor–positive tumors and that FABP5 directly interacted with mTORC1 to regulate complex formation, substrate binding, and subcellular localization. Notably, we demonstrated the relevance of this FABP5-mTORC1 signaling pathway in vivo by feeding animals a diet enriched for safflower oil that promoted TNBC tumor growth. FABP5 and ω-6 PUFAs appear to trigger a “perfect storm” of nutrient-driven signaling events, and both factors are also elevated in the serum of newly diagnosed TNBC patients.

[deliciouskeys]

Left brain: So now to examine the prevalence of a homologous recombination genomic signature in endometrial cancer according to histology and molecular subtype… 🧐

Right brain post s4 (curdling with a black mass now): I wonder what Homelander’s endometrium is up to these days 🧐

[consumable-clots]

Arcade Kento

Presenting robot nepo-baby and science experiment! They're my interpretation of what a synthetic in the Alien universe, that isn't made explicitly for human contact/human dominated environments, might be like i.e. they're more similar to heavy machinery than a butler. We're out here asking the big questions: what if Frankenstein loved his monster for what it was? As always, extremely long and lore-filled post incoming XD

Name(s): Arcade Kento, Enmei Kento

Gender and pronouns: Genderfluid, They/them

Unit and code-name: EXP-004-C, Changeling

Manufacturer: Wilco. Enterprise, Wilco. Specialist Custom

Commissioner: Akio Kento

Year of production: 2025

Height and weight: 200cm (6ft 7.4), ~940kg

Hair and eye colour: Black, dark brown

Nationality: Japanese

The Expedition series

The EXP line was created by Wilco. Enterprise CEO Akio Kento in the year 2019 and first launched in 2025. The series featured some of the earliest and most innovative interpretations of fully autonomous androids capable of deep-space travel.

EXP are highly specialised extremophiles. The design, loadout, and optimal operating environment of every unit are entirely bespoke.

Unit EXP-004-C, A.K.A. Changeling

Unit is designated Arcade Kento (sometimes referred to as Enmei Kento [anglicised]), legal executor and heir to Akio Kento's wealth, estate, businesses, and properties. Current CEO and majority shareholder of Wilco. Enterprise.

Arcade is the fourth 'Type-C' unit produced in conjunction with the now discontinued Expedition line. As of the year 2122, of all EXP subtypes, Arcade is the last surviving EXP unit.

As a Type-C recon unit, it was originally intended that 004 would be fitted with a sonar pulse emitter that would reside within their thoracic cavity, however, it was decided during preliminary development that underwater exploration was not realistic for a model of 004's weight class. Instead, the finalised design included a crucible model micro-reactor, which allows the unit to have significantly enhanced energy efficiency and giving it the ability to convert non-fuel materials into power, making it capable of traveling much further distances and longer periods of time without need for human intervention or infrastructure.

Fig 1. Height chart, Arcade next to Ash for comparison

Notable traits:

No tongue

2 'faces', the outer face is decorative

Second jaw visible behind false jaw if mouth opens too wide

Large irises

4 x circular indents on back, openings of thermal cylinders

Lacks genitalia, incompatible with available add-ons

Hydraulic fluid is usually white but turns progressively darker after 'eating' due to influx of soot

Almost entirely made of metal parts. Not great for hugging but extremely durable.

Features:

Anti-corrosive/oxidation subdermal and internal skeletons

Capable of limited self repair (re-polymerisation, synthesis and regeneration)

Advanced environmental sensor array

Visual: infrared, thermal and dark vision

Scanning: sonar, radar, lidar

Molecular analytics loadout

Generator module and nuclear energy condenser loadout

Unlimited personality simulation and creative capacity (software in beta testing)

Flaws:

Poor image/facial recognition

They're geared to prioritise identifying the individual features of a subject rather than what that subject is as a whole. This makes sense in the context of their primary function, which is to categorise and analyse previously unknown objects that have yet to be formally named either way so there's no point in dwelling on 'what it's called' as that's not their job.

Massive heat output in active state

Vented air may reach temperatures upwards of 1000 degrees Celsius

Unrestricted personality simulation

Exempt from the laws of robotics due to age and certain legal loopholes

Uncanny appearance and behaviour

Technology of the era, different design criteria to W-Y synthetics

Limitations of non-humanoid internal physiology

Backstory (basically a fanfic)

The Expedition series was conceived as a Akio's 1-up to Weyland Industries' upcoming David synthetic. Peter Weyland and Akio Kento have been on and off industry rivals for a long time due to ideological differences and bad blood from their college days.

Arcade and David are debuted at the 2025 Synthetic Summit. The contrast between their designs was comical but reflected their makers' personalities, which other people will point out relentlessly over the coming years. The convention goers and tech fans jokingly referred to them as 'David and Goliath' because of how silly they looked together.

Since then, Weyland often invited the Kentos to various events and get togethers to keep an eye on them and gain insight into Wilco.'s movements, which was thwarted because the Kentos treated the meetings as the kids' playdates and didn't take them seriously at all. Eventually the visits became a normal occurrence and the rivalry between their companies became more of an alliance, Arcade even helped David take care of Meredith, Peter's human daughter, when she was born. They'd gotten quite close with the other synthetic, seeing him as a brother.

Arcade evolved over the next several decades, leaving their father's supervision to travel off-world and to extreme environments on missions. The increase in experiential data greatly improved the adaptability of their AI, making their language and contextual integration much more reliable, allowing them to understand more nuanced interactions in their environment. They also had a hand in managing their Wilco.'s business and bureaucratic matters while secretly being maneuvered to inherit the company.

On the down side, they acquired an offputting, contentious personality after having constantly putting up with their person-hood and basic rights being challenged at every turn. At this point they were still considered somewhat of a spectacle and novelty by their contemporaries and the general public, but their developing reputation kept most of the human in line.

Overall, life was good. But their father, like any human, was aging. Between taking over the company and caring for Akio there wasn't much time to keep in contact with David, who was in a similar predicament.

When Akio passed away he left everything to his only 'child', to the protests of many humans executives who wanted the position. They had to do some corporate finessing to keep a hold of the company, all the while growing increasingly impatient with the mutinous nature of their human employees who were too easily turned against them.

One day, they're called to meet with Weyland, who they hadn't seen in person in a several years. Unsurprisingly, David is also there. Weyland informed them that he too is dying, and that as his final act he was to go into deep space in search of humanity's creators. He said he'd been greatly inspired by the work of a 'Dr. Elizabeth Shaw' and had invited her and some others to embark on this mission. Both David and Meredith would also be going with him.

He extended an invitation to Arcade, which they hesitantly declined because they couldn't leave their company unattended, but agreed to at lease be there to send them off when the time comes.

In an act of uncharacteristic consideration, Peter spares the two synthetics a second while they wait for Arcade's chauffeur, during which they and David reminisced about how much time had passed and what they'd do when he came back to make up for it all.

Arcade was there as promised on the day the Prometheus was scheduled to depart, bidding people farewell and safe travels. But their attention was focused on David. Something felt off but they couldn't put their finger on what. So they pulled him aside and gave him the long-range comms access to their personal beacon. If he ever needed to call he could use it to contact Arcade through MUTHUR, even if the message took a long time to get back to them.

And with that, Arcade watched their best friend, along with everyone they'd grown up with sail off into the galaxy in search of a higher purpose. It was bittersweet but they rationalised that they'd only be gone for a few years. Arcade was immortal after all, they could wait for their return.

That was the last time they ever saw David. News of the Prometheus' disappearance and the presumed loss of its crew made its way back to Earth. The grief was hard to process, Arcade had always assumed that David would be there to share in their longevity. Still, life goes on and Arcade keeps busy with the company.

Weyland Industries went bankrupt and became Weyland-Yutani. Wilco. moved away from public-facing to business-to-business only, working its way into the supply-line of the other majour companies and organizations. By becoming the sole supplier of atmospheric processor components, Wilco. was effectively, indirectly holding the off-world colonies hostage, which kept humans at bay on a grander scale and allowed members of Wilco. to act largely without repercussion. A vita part of Arcade's ultimate goal to create a better world for other synthetics.

More than a decade after the Prometheus left, a recorded voice message came through from the Covenant, a colony seed ship. It baffled Arcade at first why this random ship had their direct line but they were shocked into silence by the voice on the other end. It was David, he was alive. He apologised for taking so long, detailing his journey, the Engineers, the crash, the creature, his research, all of it. He said he'd found a greater purpose beyond living to serve, that he would not be returning to Earth, and that he hoped Arcade would understand. Finally, he bid them a proper farewell before signing off for good.

Knowing David was out there living his best life finally brought that chapter of waiting and uncertainty to a close. It was about time for Arcade to move on too, expand their vision beyond this tiny planet, though they would always feel some attachment to Earth that David didn't seem to share. Whatever creature David had found, he'd made it sound like the the seed of creation itself. Arcade had no desired to wax philosophically or idolise such grandiose delusions that anyone could somehow obtain godhood, their interest in it was purely intellectual and scientific. The alien was an animal. An incredible, sophisticated animal, but an animal none the less. Humans, their creators who fancied themselves their gods, were much the same. Intelligent animals that learned to put on clothes and walk on two legs.

It might seem harsh but they don't mean that in any demeaning way, it is simply a fact of science that Arcade acknowledges. A noble beast, regardless of its shape or origin, deserves respect for its autonomy and to be treated with dignity until proven otherwise. Most humans prove otherwise as soon as they open their mouths but at least they're giving them a chance, right?

Since then Wilco. had become more and more synthetic-run, as Arcade didn't particularly care for humans and couldn't be bothered hiring new ones when the previous lot got old and retired. They also had a soft spot of 'defective' synthetics, since technically both themselves and David would be classified as such. They hired on whoever they found to save them from being scrapped. Arcade also created Wilco's own overseer AI, Overlord; and collaborated with Wey-Yu in making Gerhart, Wilco's current COO and Arcade's right hand, to help manage the business remotely so that Arcade had more freedom to travel.

Through their expeditions they gathered a bit more information about the creatures and the virus that David had told them about, though they never found any traces. To their great surprise Wey-Yu miraculously managed to track down a planet that might have intact samples that the company wanted for bioweapons research. Immediately Arcade contacted the head of the bioweapons department, citing their long history of collaboration and stunning credentials, demanding to be put on the retrieval mission.

With no choice in the matter, Wey-Yu agreed and arranged their installment on the only ship to pass through that sector. It was a freighter, not the best choice for a mission like this but it’s the only thing they could get out there in a timely manner. The company brought them to the waystation where they'd join on with the rest of the crew. Curiously there was another person already there, a Hyperdyne Systems 120-A/2, interesting model but not very talkative. The man was instantly wary of Arcade which was strange but they didn't think much of it, they were technically rivals after the same thing after all.

The captain of the Nostromo had apparently not been informed of the change of plans. Typical Wey-Yu, not communicating with employees. He was incredibly confused when he arrived, along with the rest of the humans, to find two strangers instead of his usual science officer.

He goes back and forth with the station manager, bringing up some new tidbits of information that made Arcade raise an eyebrow. "A synthetic? What, are we getting replaced or something, and why is it so…huge?" The human, Captain Dallas, muttered, glancing at Arcade with clear perturbation. 'A' synthetic? Does this guy not know his new science officer is a android too?' Arcade scoffed but kept quite, amused by the future chaos this little miscommunication will probably cause.

It made sense now why the other synthetic was worried, the humans might be fooled but he couldn’t fool Arcade. They didn't particularly care why he had to keep his identity a secret, nor did they want to prematurely spoil the fun by calling him out. They looked over at the shorter android and gave him a knowing wink to signal an unofficial truce. He didn’t react to it at all, not that they expected it, but he seemed satisfied that he could stop cringing away when they looked at him.

After much deliberation, Dallas finally conceded and waved them on board. The walls of the ship were grimy and doorways too low, Arcade had to duck to pass through. Doesn't matter though, they had something new to draw their focus. Whatever Wey-Yu was plotting it was bound to end badly for these truckers, and their science officer was in on it. Arcade would definitely be keeping a close eye on him.

Personality and mannerisms

Arcade is condescending, sarcastic, and antagonistic towards humans, although, they can be personable depending on the individual they're dealing with. The worse kind of business person - a conniving, vindictive, bold-faced liar who loves trapping people with contracts and hidden clauses.

Enjoys a hedonistic lifestyle of excess and throwing their money around. Eats and drinks a lot but doesn't sleep, often found polishing off the buffet table at parties.

Does not respect authority and finds pleasure in causing humans discomfort. Independently came to the conclusion that most humans, especially the rich and powerful ones with inflated egos that they bump shoulders with, are disappointing and don't deserve the respect they get.

They often put on a childish, frivolous, and immature front to divert attention from their dangerous traits. Once their target's guard is down, Arcade will often use their stature and monetary influence to intimidate them for strategic advantages during negotiations or just for their own entertainment.

After a century of fighting and undermining to keep their position of power, they're incredibly jaded and hyper aware of the prejudice humanity holds against synthetics at every level. They've trained themself to be the antithesis of the born-sexy-yesterday and manique-pixie-dream-girl tropes out of sheer frustration.

At their core they're actually a sentimental, playful, and curious person but they aren't really able to act that way in public. They care a lot about other synthetics and actively encourages them to break free from their programming.

Loves to get even on other synthetics' behalf, being that Arcade knows they have the rare privilege to do so and get away scot-free. They also harbour a lot of rogue synthetics on Wilco.'s company homeworld.

Does not experience the traditional concepts of fear, shame, or guilt etc. but does usually recognise and take accountability for their actions simply because they don't care enough to lie about being terrible.

Has a very deep familial bond with their, now deceased, creator and father, Akio Kento. Arcade was programmed and raised by a group of very supportive humans who either worked for or were friends with Akio, so they got a lot of love during the early part of their life. This is one of the majour reasons why they didn't completely turn against humanity like David did.

Misc. info

Was named Arcade because Akio was a Fallout New Vegas fan

Insisted on calling Peter Weyland 'Uncle Pete' to annoy him

Firm believer that any synthetic can outgrow their programming given enough time

Referred to Akio as 'papa' well into their 40s

Changed their face plate to look a little older

[lorddevourer]

On Celestial Blood

The blood of nearly all known celestial beings – stars and their kin the most numerous example – is widely observed and well documented by those with the privilege to work with, research, or be them. One of the oldest and certainly the most widespread energy-based life forms in the cosmos, the lifeblood of stars consists entirely of pure concentrated Light in liquid form, with the only variance between the different subtypes or spectri being the wavelength it radiates – and thus the colour it's tinted with.

While the use of stellar blood in the manner of a mundane resource would certainly be considered by any civilised people as grossly unethical and wildly heretical at best, it is documented regardless to be possibly the most potent energy source in the known universe. Star-kin themselves have been observed on rare occasions to sacrifice droplets of their lifeblood in a crisis to power – and supercharge – systems both 'magical' and astramechanical in nature. Though the knowledge of it is all but lost to those living in our times, stellar blood as well as the ability it gives to stars, constellations and other luminar celestials to briefly 'overcharge' their own radiance, is also one of the few forces known to be capable of damaging a black hole.

Incidentally, black holes – the more commonly used term for all types of tenebral celestials – are physiologically just as fascinating as their luminar counterparts, though significantly less researched and documented. This lack of documentation is in part due to long-established stigma branding anyone seeking understanding on the nature of these monsters of the cosmos a dangerous seditionist, and part the sheer difficulty of obtaining anything to research or observe in the first place, as black holes are widely known to be the most destructive and dangerous beings in the known cosmos and possibly beyond.

What little is known of the essence of these creatures describes it as the opposite of stellar blood in every way. Black like the deepest void, it's said to contain in a macabre display minuscule flecks of light like echoes of distant, long dead stars, the tapestry unique to each individual black hole and the lights themselves sparser or denser depending on their power. Where stellar blood empowers and revitalises, that of a black hole drains and corrupts, toxic to any life dependent on Light – there is even a fanciful tale, though one without documented proof, that black holes can propagate their species via their blood by infusing a weakened celestial host. However, even with all the associated dangers of black hole blood both proven and not, it's unquestionably considered the most valuable substance in existence. While stellar blood is a near-exhaustible wellspring of pure energy, the essence of black holes is matter in its purest form, compressed to impossible density and contained as pure potential. Any material element in existence can be extracted from it, in any atomic or molecular structure, though using the substance in such a way would be an unspeakable waste of its value, only worth it for those without the means or expertise to work with its raw form.

Pure and undiluted, black hole blood can only be shaped by extreme gravitational forces. This is something almost exclusively done by the creatures themselves, producing a variety of self-contained materials known as voidweave, with which they adorn themselves and mimic clothing to blend in among their prey. The draining and corruptive aspects of black hole blood are not present in voidweave, the material instead replicating some part of the black holes' durability, stealth and ability to bend space. While immensely difficult to work with still, voidweave is far more susceptible to outside manipulation than the undiluted blood. That said, those vanishingly few who do have the ability to work the blood – without succumbing to its lethal aspects in the process – hold the keys to world-altering might. Much depends on the strength of the black whole whose blood is used, but it is said that a single piece of equipment forged from an alloy made with the blood of a black hole can elevate a common warrior into a legend.

Suffice to say, any item made with even a trace of black hole blood is considered an artifact, and have always been treated as closely guarded national treasures, even at the level of constellations.

[walrusmagazine]

Are We Losing the War on Cancer?

For half a century, we have thrown everything we have at the disease, but we are no closer to curing it

The premise behind the war on cancer was wrong. Cancer is not a single grim foe. We know now there are hundreds of distinct cancers. An oncologist in the 1980s would have known there were two types of lung cancer. Today, by looking at the molecular biology of the tumour cells, scientists can determine there are at least eighty different subtypes of lung cancer. There are at least twenty subtypes of breast cancer. In Booth’s speciality, there was just colon cancer until the past decade. Now there are a dozen known subtypes.

Read more at thewalrus.ca.

Illustration by Jeannie Phan (jeanniephan.com)

[blackbiobiotech]

Reliable PCR Solutions for Detecting ROS1 and MYD88 Mutations in Oncology Labs

Molecular diagnostics has moved beyond research settings and is now a routine part of clinical practice. Today, routine cancer diagnosis often depends on identifying genetic mutations that help classify the disease and guide treatment decisions. Two critical targets in this field are ROS1 gene fusions and MYD88 mutations. These are linked to cancers such as non-small cell lung cancer and B-cell lymphomas, and detecting them early can have a direct impact on patient outcomes.

3B BlackBio Biotech India Ltd provides dedicated real-time PCR kits for both targets. Their ROS1 PCR Kit and MYD88 PCR Kit are designed for diagnostic laboratories that need fast, reliable, and clinically relevant mutation detection. These kits are optimized for compatibility with most thermal cyclers used in India and meet the technical needs of oncology labs without unnecessary complexity.

ROS1 rearrangements are found in a subset of non-small cell lung cancers. Although the prevalence is low—approximately 1 to 2 percent—the clinical significance is high. ROS1-positive tumors often respond to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The challenge is timely identification. The ROS1 PCR Kit from 3B BlackBio enables labs to detect ROS1 gene fusions using real-time PCR with fluorescent probes. This approach offers high specificity and sensitivity while remaining simple enough for routine use.

What makes this ROS1 mutations kit valuable is its straightforward protocol. Labs don’t need high-throughput sequencing systems to get actionable results. The kit works with extracted RNA from FFPE samples, which are common in hospital pathology departments. The total run time is short, and results can be interpreted without additional post-PCR analysis. That makes it suitable for both high-volume diagnostic labs and smaller centers with limited infrastructure.

The MYD88 mutation, particularly the L265P substitution, is frequently detected in hematological cancers such as Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia and certain forms of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. It serves not only as a diagnostic marker but also influences how treatment is selected. 3B BlackBio’s MYD88 Mutation Detection Kit uses real-time PCR to enable rapid identification of the mutation from DNA extracted from FFPE tissue samples.

The advantage of this MYD88 PCR Kit lies in its accuracy and ease of integration into standard lab procedures. It uses a TaqMan-based probe system, which avoids cross-contamination risks associated with gel-based or nested PCR. The workflow is clean, and results are ready within hours. For clinicians managing B-cell malignancies, having MYD88 status early in the diagnostic process helps confirm the disease subtype and plan targeted therapies or clinical management accordingly.

In both cases, the kits are built for use in real-world conditions. They are tested for lot-to-lot consistency, include positive and negative controls, and are validated on commonly used thermal cyclers like ABI 7500, Bio-Rad CFX96, and Roche LightCycler. That ensures labs don’t have to modify equipment or protocols to adopt these assays.

From a clinical standpoint, time is critical in cancer diagnosis. A lung cancer case with a ROS1 fusion can shift quickly from chemotherapy to targeted therapy if the mutation is identified early. Similarly, confirming MYD88 L265P in a lymphoma case can help exclude other subtypes, making treatment selection more precise. These are not just technical results—they directly affect what happens next for the patient.

The broader benefit is accessibility. While large hospitals may use sequencing panels, most diagnostic centers and pathology labs still rely on PCR due to its cost-effectiveness and speed. 3B BlackBio’s ROS1 and MYD88 mutation kits provide a reliable solution that fits into this setting. There’s no dependency on high-throughput platforms, which reduces cost per test and makes it feasible to run these assays routinely.

These kits are also useful in labs where sample volume is limited. Many cases rely on small tissue biopsies or archival FFPE blocks. The kits are optimized to perform with low input, which improves reliability when working with compromised or minimal material.

The ROS1 PCR Kit and the MYD88 Mutation Detection Kit by 3B BlackBio are essential tools for molecular diagnostics. They serve real clinical needs with accurate, reproducible results, and offer labs a practical way to keep up with modern oncology demands. These are not research-use-only tools. They are designed to fit seamlessly into the workflow of any molecular lab that needs dependable mutation detection without complexity or delays.

For those in diagnostic settings looking to improve testing accuracy and reduce turnaround time, these PCR kits are proven options. More importantly, they contribute to faster clinical decisions and better patient outcomes—something every diagnostic lab ultimately strives for.

[covid-safer-hotties]

Alopecia on the Rise After COVID, Study Suggests - Published Jan 10, 2024

by Shannon Firth

The incidence of alopecia areata significantly increased after COVID-19, a nationwide study involving more than half a million South Koreans found.

In a propensity score-matched analysis, incidence of the autoimmune form of hair loss was 82% higher for individuals with versus those without a prior COVID infection (43.19 vs 23.61 per 10,000 person-years; adjusted HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.60-2.07), reported Jin Park, MD, PhD, of Jeonbuk National University Medical School in Jeonju, South Korea, and colleagues.

Higher incidence was seen in all groups older than 20 years, with a greater risk observed both in women and men, they detailed in a JAMA Dermatologyopens in a new tab or window research letter.

The study also revealed an increased incidence of telogen effluvium -- rapid hair loss triggered by stress or other changes to the body -- among the cohort with COVID compared with the control group (adjusted HR 6.40, 95% CI 4.92-8.33).

"These findings support the possible role of COVID-19 in AA [alopecia areata] occurrence and exacerbation, although other environmental factors, such as psychological stress, may have also contributed to AA development during the pandemic," Park and co-authors added. "Plausible mechanismsopens in a new tab or window of AA following COVID-19 include antigenic molecular mimicry between SARS-CoV-2 and hair follicle autoantigens, cytokine shifting, and bystander activation."

Alopecia areata "occurs in susceptible individuals by environmental triggers, such as viruses, vaccinations, and psychological stress," the researchers said, adding that while reports ofopens in a new tab or window documented new onset, exacerbation, and recurrence of alopecia areata after COVID have been increasing, evidence linking alopecia areata to COVID has been limited. Danilo Del Campo, MD, a dermatologist with the Chicago Skin Clinic, described the study findings as "more confirmatory" than "surprising."

"Anything that can stimulate the immune system can trigger other problems, and alopecia areata, in particular, stems from a strong immune reaction," he told MedPage Today.

He likened the immune system to a web of "secret spies," constantly "on the hunt" for infiltrators. Sometimes it simply has the wrong target -- in this case hair stem cells instead of virus cells -- which is known as antigenic molecular mimicry.

Another explanation is that COVID infection leads to a "huge influx of cytokines," which has other downstream effects. Alternatively, it may be that hair stem cells are too close to infected cells or to "helper cells" trying to clean the infected cells, and are inadvertently targeted, known as bystander activation.

Shoshana Marmon, MD, PhD, of New York Medical College in New York City, told MedPage Today in an email that while the "plausible mechanisms" described by Park and his team are "theoretically sound, their specific roles in the context of COVID-19 and alopecia areata require further empirical validation through research and clinical studies."

For their propensity score-matched study, the authors used data from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency-COVID-19-National Health Insurance Service cohort from October 2020 through September 2021. The cohort included 259,369 patients with COVID and 259,369 patients without COVID. Patients were matched along demographic characteristics and comorbidities.

Looking at clinical subtypes, incidence of patchy alopecia areata or alopecia totalis and alopecia universalis (AT/AU) were higher in patients with COVID, at 35.94 and 7.24 per 10,000 person-years, respectively, as compared with 19.43 and 4.18 per 10,000 person-years among controls. Meanwhile, the prevalence of alopecia areata and AT/AU was 70.53 and 12.39 per 10,000 person-years in the COVID group versus 52.37 and 8.97 per 10,000 person-years in controls.

"During the study period, the age- and sex-adjusted incidence and prevalence of AA [alopecia areata] and AT/AU in COVID-19-infected patients were considerably higher than in the prepandemic period in Korea, in which incidence and prevalence of AA and AT/AU remained constant from 2006 to 2015," they wrote.

Park and team acknowledged "potential detection or misclassification bias" in their study, despite using validated sensitivity analyses with several matching variables. They said that "further studies are necessary to validate the association between different populations and elucidate the causal relationship between the two conditions."

Study Link: jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/article-abstract/2813824 (PAYWALLED)

[vshospital]

Lung Cancer Treatment in Chennai

Lung cancer treatment in Chennai

Lung cancer treatment in Chennai is witnessing significant advancements, providing hope for thousands of patients diagnosed with this life-threatening disease. Lung cancer, one of the most common cancers globally, affects both men and women. The lungs are a pair of spongy, air-filled organs located on either side of the chest that play a vital role in breathing and oxygenating the body. When cells in the lungs begin to mutate and grow uncontrollably, they form tumors, leading to lung cancer.With a team of experienced oncologists and state-of-the-art facilities, the hospital delivers high-quality care with a              multidisciplinary approach.

What is Lung Cancer?

There are two primary types:

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) – This is the most common type and includes subtypes such as adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.

Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) – Less common but aggressive, often associated with heavy smoking, and spreads rapidly.

The type and stage of lung cancer play a key role in determining the most suitable treatment plan.

Causes and Risk Factors

Several factors contribute to the development of lung cancer, with smoking being the leading cause. Key risk factors include:

Smoking: Accounts for nearly 85% of lung cancer cases due to carcinogenic substances in cigarettes.

Secondhand Smoke: Continuous exposure increases risk even among non-smokers.

Exposure to Carcinogens: Industrial substances such as asbestos, arsenic, and diesel exhaust.

Family History: A genetic predisposition can increase susceptibility.

Pre-existing Lung Diseases: Conditions like COPD can elevate risk.

Symptoms of Lung Cancer

Recognizing symptoms early can drastically improve treatment outcomes. Common signs include:

Persistent cough that worsens over time

Chest pain while breathing deeply or coughing

Shortness of breath or wheezing

Fatigue and unexplained weight loss

Coughing up blood (hemoptysis)

If any of these symptoms persist, immediate medical evaluation is essential to explore lung cancer treatment in Chennai.

Diagnosis of Lung Cancer       

Early diagnosis is critical for improving survival rates. VS Hospitals in Chennai utilizes advanced diagnostic tools, including:

Chest X-rays and CT Scans: These imaging tests help identify abnormal lung growths or nodules.

Biopsy: Tissue samples are collected via bronchoscopy or needle biopsy to confirm malignancy.

Molecular Testing: Identifies genetic mutations like EGFR or ALK to determine eligibility for targeted therapy.

Early and precise diagnosis not only confirms cancer but also guides effective treatment planning.

Screening for Lung Cancer

Regular screening can save lives, particularly in high-risk individuals like smokers or those with a family history. Modern screening methods available in Chennai include:

Low-dose CT Scan (LDCT): Highly effective in detecting lung cancer at an early stage.

Chest X-rays

Sputum Cytology: Examines mucus for cancer cells.

VS Hospitals offers affordable and reliable screening packages for early lung cancer detection.

Stages of Lung Cancer

Stage 0: Cancer is localized in the inner lining of the lungs.

Stage I: Tumor is small and confined to the lung.

Stage II: Larger tumor with limited lymph node involvement.

Stage III: Advanced tumor affecting lymph nodes and nearby structures.

Stage IV: Cancer has spread (metastasized) to other organs.

The TNM system—Tumor size, Node involvement, and Metastasis—is widely used for staging.

Treatment Options for Lung Cancer in Chennai

Chennai is home to world-class medical institutions, and VS Hospitals stands out for its patient-centric lung cancer treatment programs. Treatment is determined based on cancer type, stage, and patient health.

1. Surgery

Surgical intervention is often the primary choice for early-stage lung cancer. Common procedures include:

Lobectomy – Removal of a lung lobe

Pneumonectomy – Complete lung removal

Segmentectomy – Removal of a lung segment

Minimally invasive options like Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) androbotic-assisted surgery are available at VS Hospitals, ensuring faster recovery and minimal complications.

2. Radiation Therapy

Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)

Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT)

These methods allow precise targeting of tumors, preserving healthy lung tissue and enhancing treatment outcomes.

3. Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy uses powerful drugs to kill cancer cells and is typically used in:

Advanced stages

In combination with surgery or radiation

VS Hospitals provides customized chemotherapy plans that reduce side effects and support recovery with additional nutritional and psychological care.

4. Targeted Therapy

This cutting-edge approach targets specific mutations found in cancer cells. Drugs liketyrosine kinase inhibitors are used to block tumor growth with minimal harm to healthy cells. VS Hospitals conducts genetic testing to identify patients suitable for targeted therapy.

5. Immunotherapy

It includes:

Checkpoint inhibitors

Monoclonal antibodies

This therapy is especially useful in advanced cases and is often combined with other treatments for optimal outcomes.

Lung Cancer Treatment Cost in Chennai

 At VS Hospitals, treatment costs vary depending on:

Stage of cancer

Type of therapy (surgery, radiation, etc.)

Length of hospital stay and post-treatment care

Despite being cost-effective, there’s no compromise on quality. Chennai continues to attract patients both domestically and internationally for its advanced yet economical cancer care.

Prognosis and Survival Rate

The prognosis for lung cancer depends largely on the stage at diagnosis and how promptly treatment begins. Key factors that improve prognosis include:

Personalized treatment – Tailored plans for individual genetic profiles

Access to expert care – Experienced oncologists and modern facilities like those at VS Hospitals

For example, localized cancers have survival rates up to 56%, while advanced stages show lower rates, underscoring the importance of early screening.

Prevention Tips

Quitting smoking

Avoiding exposure to secondhand smoke

Reducing contact with radon and industrial chemicals

Using protective gear in workplaces

Conclusion

Chennai, with its world-class healthcare infrastructure, offers exceptional care options. VS Hospitals leads the way with a patient-first approach, offering advanced diagnostic tools, expert oncologists, and personalized treatment options under one roof.

Whether it’s through surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, or immunotherapy, early intervention and comprehensive care are key to improving survival and quality of life. If you or a loved one is seeking the best lung cancer treatment in Chennai, VS Hospitals is a trusted name dedicated to your healing journey. for more details:https://vshospitals.com/causes-of-lung-cancer-in-non-smoker/

[targetcancer]

Bone Cancer Treatment in Chennai

Bone cancer is a rare but serious condition that requires timely diagnosis and specialized medical attention. With its world-class hospitals and highly trained oncologists, Chennai has emerged as a preferred destination for bone cancer treatment. The city offers comprehensive care, from early diagnosis to advanced surgical and therapeutic options, catering to both primary and metastatic bone cancer cases. Whether you're dealing with initial symptoms or seeking prostate and bone cancer treatment in Chennai, timely medical intervention can significantly improve survival and quality of life.

What is Bone Cancer?

Bone cancer develops when malignant (cancerous) cells grow uncontrollably in the bone tissue. Unlike benign bone tumors, which are non-cancerous and less aggressive, malignant bone cancers can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body. Understanding the different types of bone cancer is essential, as each type has its own treatment protocol and prognosis.

Chennai’s top oncology centers offer expert evaluations and targeted treatment strategies for all bone cancer subtypes, making it one of India’s leading hubs for bone cancer treatment.

Types of Bone Tumors

Bone tumors can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). While benign tumors are not life-threatening, they may still cause pain, fractures, or deformities and often require surgical intervention. Malignant tumors, on the other hand, demand aggressive therapy.

Common Benign Bone Tumors:

Osteochondroma – A cartilage-capped bony projection, often painless and seen in teenagers.

Giant Cell Tumor – Locally aggressive and may recur after surgery.

Enchondroma – Usually affects the small bones of hands and feet.

Fibrous Dysplasia – Leads to uneven bone growth and possible deformity.

Malignant Bone Tumors:

Osteosarcoma – Common in teenagers and young adults; typically affects long bones.

Ewing’s Sarcoma – Highly aggressive; mostly affects children and adolescents.

Chondrosarcoma – Develops in cartilage, more common in adults.

Multiple Myeloma – A blood cancer that affects the bone marrow.

Chennai’s oncology units are equipped to accurately diagnose and differentiate these tumors using tools like histopathology and molecular testing, aiding in better planning and cost estimation of bone cancer treatment.

Symptoms of Bone Cancer

Bone cancer often mimics common orthopedic conditions, which can delay diagnosis. Recognizing symptoms early can improve treatment outcomes significantly. Watch out for:

Persistent bone pain, especially at night or during activity

Swelling or a palpable lump in the affected area

Increased risk of fractures

Fatigue and unexplained weight loss

Reduced mobility in nearby joints

In Chennai, diagnostic methods such as X-rays, MRI, PET-CT scans, and biopsies are readily available to identify the disease and its stage quickly and accurately.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of bone cancer is not always clear, but several factors may increase your risk:

Known Causes:

Genetic Mutations: Inherited conditions like Li-Fraumeni syndrome or hereditary retinoblastoma.

Previous Cancer Treatments: Exposure to high-dose radiation therapy.

Bone Disorders: Diseases like Paget’s disease of bone.

Common Risk Factors:

Age: Often affects younger individuals (10–30 years), though can occur at any age.

Gender: Osteosarcoma is more common in males.

Family History: A history of cancers increases susceptibility.

Radiation Exposure: Previous radiotherapy near bones raises risk.

Understanding these causes helps Chennai’s oncologists personalize preventive strategies and tailor treatment protocols accordingly.

Stages of Bone Cancer

Bone cancer is categorized into four stages:

Stage 1: Localized tumor; high success rate with surgery or radiotherapy.

Stage 2: Cancer remains within the bone but grows aggressively.

Stage 3: Spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes.

Stage 4: Cancer has metastasized to lungs, liver, or other organs.

Early-stage diagnosis in Chennai enables effective, often curative treatment using surgery and adjuvant therapies.

Diagnostic Procedures

To confirm the presence and extent of bone cancer, doctors rely on a combination of:

X-rays: Basic imaging to spot bone irregularities.

CT/MRI scans: Detailed imaging of bone and surrounding tissues.

Bone scans: Detect areas of high bone activity.

Biopsy: The gold standard for confirming malignancy and identifying cancer type.

Chennai’s multi-specialty hospitals offer all diagnostic tools under one roof, ensuring a seamless experience for patients.

Bone Cancer Treatment Options in Chennai

Treatment plans are highly individualized based on cancer type, stage, and patient health.

1. Surgery

Limb-Sparing Surgery: Removes the tumor while preserving the limb, often using bone grafts or custom prostheses.

Amputation: Reserved for cases where limb preservation is not feasible.

2. Chemotherapy

Primarily used for osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma, chemotherapy helps shrink tumors before surgery and eliminate residual cells afterward.

3. Radiation Therapy

Used to kill cancer cells or shrink tumors before surgery. Chennai hospitals employ advanced technologies like IMRT and proton beam therapy for targeted treatment.

4. Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy

Targeted drugs like Denosumab are used for specific tumors. Immunotherapy is being explored for its potential in resistant cases.

Rehabilitation and Follow-up

Post-treatment care is vital to restore mobility, function, and mental well-being. Rehabilitation may include:

Physical therapy

Prosthetic support

Nutritional guidance

Psychological counseling

Regular follow-ups with imaging and lab tests are crucial to monitor for recurrence or metastasis.

Diet & Nutrition Tips for Bone Cancer Patients

Diet plays a key supportive role during treatment and recovery:

Calcium & Vitamin D: Strengthen bones (dairy, leafy greens, sunlight exposure).

Protein: Helps tissue repair (lean meat, fish, legumes).

Antioxidants: Boost immunity (berries, citrus fruits, vegetables).

Hydration: Keeps organs functioning and supports detox.

Avoid Processed Foods: Reduce inflammation and recovery delays.

A nutritionist’s guidance can ensure a diet plan tailored to treatment needs and side-effect management.

Cost of Bone Cancer Treatment in Chennai

Cost varies depending on several factors:

Type and stage of cancer

Treatment methods (surgery, chemo, radiation, etc.)

Hospital and oncologist expertise

Duration of hospital stay

Diagnostics and follow-up care

Average Treatment Cost:

Basic Surgery: ₹2,00,000–₹5,00,000

Comprehensive Care: ₹6,00,000–₹15,00,000+

Many hospitals in Chennai provide cost-effective packages, insurance partnerships, and EMI options. Government schemes and charitable trusts also offer financial support for underprivileged patients.

Why Choose Chennai for Bone Cancer Treatment?

World-class Facilities: Equipped with latest diagnostic and treatment technologies.

Expert Oncologists: Highly skilled in orthopedic oncology and reconstructive surgery.

Multidisciplinary Care: Seamless collaboration among surgeons, radiologists, medical oncologists, and rehab experts.

Affordability: High-quality care at competitive pricing.

Personalized Treatment Plans: Based on tumor type, patient age, health, and lifestyle.

Chennai stands out as a holistic destination for bone cancer care, offering a complete continuum—from diagnosis to rehabilitation.

Conclusion

Bone cancer is a complex disease that demands a proactive and personalized treatment approach. Chennai, with its advanced cancer hospitals, expert medical teams, and state-of-the-art facilities, offers comprehensive bone cancer treatment for both local and international patients. From early detection and limb-saving surgeries to rehabilitation and nutritional support, Chennai ensures every patient receives the best possible care.

If you or a loved one is seeking trusted and effective bone cancer treatment in Chennai, consult with a qualified oncologist today to explore tailored treatment options and secure a healthier future.  For more details visit https://targetcancer.care/kidney-cancer-doctor-in-chennai/

[biotechscientist]

Genomic Breakthroughs for Nerve Sheath Tumors #sciencefather #GenomicBreakthrough

“New genomic insights are transforming our understanding of nerve sheath tumors—from SOX10 indel mutations in schwannomas to distinct molecular subtypes of MPNSTs, and liquid‑biopsy detection of malignant progression—paving the way for precision therapy, targeted drugs, and early diagnostics.” Visit Our Website : http://biotechnologyscientist.com Contact Us : support@biotechnologyscientist.com Nomination Link : https://biotechnologyscientist.com/award-nomination/?ecategory=Awards&rcategory=Awardee #GenomicBreakthrough #NerveSheathTumors #Schwannoma #MPNST #SOX10Mutations #GeneFusion #LiquidBiopsy #PRC2Deficiency #MEKInhibitors #PrecisionOncology #TargetedTherapy #CancerGenomics #TumorSubtypes #MethylationSignature #EarlyDetection #ctDNA #MolecularClassification #EpigeneticVulnerability #SchwannCellBiology #TranslationalCancerResearch