#factors affecting cost estimation

[asestimationsconsultants]

Key Factors That Influence the Accuracy of a Cost Estimating Service

Accurate cost estimation is essential for the successful completion of any construction project, as it provides a clear financial framework that guides decision-making. However, achieving accuracy in cost estimation is no easy task. A variety of factors come into play that can influence the precision of a cost estimate. These factors can range from market conditions to the experience of the estimator and even the tools used in the estimation process. In this article, we will explore the key factors that influence the accuracy of a cost estimating service and how these elements contribute to reliable project financials.

1. Quality of Data Used

The foundation of an accurate cost estimate is the quality of the data on which it is based. For cost estimating services to produce reliable estimates, they must use up-to-date, accurate, and comprehensive data. This includes material costs, labor rates, equipment costs, and historical data from similar projects. Outdated or incomplete data can lead to inaccurate estimates, potentially causing cost overruns or missed profit opportunities.

Estimators often rely on databases that contain industry-standard pricing information. However, prices for materials and labor can fluctuate due to market conditions, supply chain disruptions, or inflation. By using the most current data, cost estimating services can ensure that their estimates reflect the true cost of the project, minimizing the risk of budget discrepancies.

2. Estimator Experience and Expertise

The experience and expertise of the cost estimator play a significant role in the accuracy of the estimate. An estimator with years of hands-on experience in the industry will have a deeper understanding of the complexities involved in a project. This knowledge allows them to better assess risks, anticipate potential challenges, and select the most cost-effective materials and labor sources.

An experienced estimator will also be able to apply their expertise to recognize patterns from previous projects, avoiding common pitfalls and ensuring that the estimate is comprehensive. In contrast, a less experienced estimator might overlook critical factors, leading to underestimates or overestimates that can affect the project's budget.

3. Scope of Work and Project Complexity

The complexity and scope of a project have a significant impact on the accuracy of a cost estimate. A large, multifaceted project with many moving parts will be more difficult to estimate accurately than a smaller, simpler project. Projects that involve multiple contractors, subcontractors, and suppliers will require detailed coordination, and failing to account for all variables can result in an inaccurate estimate.

Cost estimating services must ensure that every aspect of the project is considered when generating an estimate. For example, the cost of permits, inspections, and site preparation work must all be factored into the overall budget. Inaccurate scope definition can lead to significant discrepancies in the final cost estimate.

4. Use of Technology and Estimating Software

The use of technology and advanced estimating software can significantly improve the accuracy of cost estimates. Estimating software such as Procore, Buildertrend, or CostX allows for more precise measurements, better data management, and improved collaboration between project stakeholders. These tools often have built-in databases with current material prices and labor costs, which reduces the chances of errors caused by outdated or incomplete data.

Additionally, modern estimating software often includes features like real-time updates, integration with other project management tools, and digital takeoff capabilities. These features streamline the estimating process and help estimators generate more accurate estimates more quickly, improving overall project efficiency.

5. Location and Geographic Considerations

The location of a project is another critical factor that can influence the accuracy of a cost estimate. Construction costs can vary significantly based on geographic factors, including local labor rates, material availability, and transportation costs. For example, building a project in a remote area with limited access to resources may result in higher material and labor costs, as additional logistics may be required to transport goods and workers to the site.

A cost estimating service must consider regional price differences when creating an estimate. Failing to account for location-based cost variations can result in an underestimation of project costs, leading to potential budget issues down the road.

6. Market Conditions and Economic Factors

Economic factors and market conditions also play a key role in influencing the accuracy of cost estimates. Fluctuations in the prices of raw materials, labor, fuel, and equipment can all impact the overall cost of a project. For instance, a sudden rise in the cost of steel or concrete due to supply shortages or increased demand can make a significant difference in a project’s total cost.

Cost estimating services must stay informed about market conditions, including global supply chain issues, trade tariffs, and inflation. This awareness allows them to adjust their estimates accordingly and provide a more accurate prediction of future project costs.

7. Level of Detail in the Estimate

The level of detail included in a cost estimate is a key determinant of its accuracy. A high-level estimate, which only includes broad cost categories, may not provide the level of detail required to capture all potential costs. For example, an estimate that does not break down labor costs by trade or fails to include specific materials may result in significant inaccuracies.

On the other hand, a detailed estimate that accounts for every item required for the project will provide a more accurate picture of the total cost. This includes breaking down costs into smaller categories, such as material quantities, labor rates, equipment usage, and overhead costs. Detailed estimates allow project managers to track expenses more closely and identify areas where cost savings can be made.

8. Timeframe and Project Schedule

The timeframe for completing a project is another critical factor in estimating its costs. Construction projects that are scheduled to be completed in a shorter period may require additional labor or overtime, leading to higher costs. Conversely, projects with longer timelines may result in increased costs due to inflation, changes in labor rates, or the need for extended equipment rentals.

Estimating services must consider the project schedule when providing cost estimates. A well-defined schedule allows estimators to account for potential cost fluctuations based on the time required to complete the project. Inaccurate scheduling estimates can result in underestimating labor and equipment costs, impacting the project’s overall budget.

9. Risk Assessment and Contingency Planning

Risk assessment and contingency planning are essential components of accurate cost estimation. Every project involves a degree of risk, whether related to weather delays, unforeseen site conditions, or changes in regulations. A good cost estimating service will assess potential risks and build contingency allowances into the budget to cover these uncertainties.

By factoring in potential risks and creating a financial buffer, estimators can ensure that projects are prepared for unforeseen challenges without exceeding the budget. Failing to account for risk can lead to cost overruns if unexpected issues arise during the project’s execution.

Conclusion

The accuracy of a cost estimate is influenced by a variety of factors, ranging from the quality of data used to the experience of the estimator and the complexity of the project. By considering factors such as the scope of work, location, market conditions, and technology, cost estimating services can provide more reliable and realistic estimates. With a thorough understanding of these key factors, cost estimators can help ensure that construction projects stay within budget, minimizing the risk of cost overruns and contributing to the overall success and profitability of the project.

[paradife-loft]

do I have homework for my econ class I need to be doing? yes

did I just spend 20 minutes making this instead? also yes

[harshathusm]

How much does it cost to develop an app like Amazon

The cost of developing an app like Amazon can be tremendous depending on the chosen feature, designs, and platforms. Choosing USM Systems for your e-commerce application development is synonymous with getting good solutions that suit your business needs. With a wide range of experience in scalable and user-friendly applications developed under their bellies, this company is at best fit to make your vision real.

USM Business Systems:

Services

Mobile app development

Artificial Intelligence

Machine Learning

Android app development

RPA

Big data

HR Management

Workforce Management

IoT

IOS App Development

Cloud Migration

[velvetvisionsaurora]

Pairing: Hongjoong x reader, Seonghwa x reader, Yunho x reader, Mingi x reader, Wooyoung x reader.

Summary: Five eight-year-old boys aboard the slave ship Crimson Serpent form an unbreakable bond with five-year-old y/n. before she's sold at auction. Despite their failed rescue attempt, they swear a blood oath on her teddy bear to find her. Fifteen years later, now feared pirates leading the ATEEZ

Warnings: Slavery/Human Trafficking, Separation/Loss, Violence, Eventual Smut. SA(not by any main characters) y/n gets switched to a real name but it has a purpose. More warnings to be updated.

Want to be notified when a chapter is updated? Join the Taglist!

<<Previous Next>>

Masterlist

Bonus Content- Flashback

*Halazia Auction House - Fifteen Years Earlier*

Five-year-old y/n huddled in the corner of the holding cell, her small body trembling with exhaustion and fear. The guards had separated her from Captain Redmond only hours ago, transferring her to the private auction quarters where "premium merchandise" awaited individual inspection rather than public bidding. Her mind still reeled with the devastating realization that her friends from The Crimson Serpent—Joongie, Hwa, Woo, Yuyu, and Puppy—hadn't come for her as promised.

The cell door opened, admitting two figures: a tall, elegantly dressed man with cold eyes and a smaller shadow that trailed precisely three steps behind. The man's appraising gaze swept over her like she was an object rather than a person, his expression revealing nothing beyond calculated assessment.

"Stand up, girl," he commanded, his voice cultured yet devoid of genuine humanity. "Let me see what I'm bidding on."

When y/n remained frozen in place, arms wrapped protectively around herself, the man's expression hardened. "Stubborn merchandise requires additional training costs," he noted to no one in particular. "Factor that into the valuation."

He turned to the smaller figure behind him. "Examine her. Note any deficiencies or health concerns that might affect long-term value."

The shadow stepped forward, a boy perhaps three years older than y/n. His delicate features carried an unusual birthmark near his left eye, while his movements suggested practiced precision beyond his age. He carried a small case containing medical instruments, his approach careful rather than threatening.

"This won't hurt," he said softly as he knelt before her, voice pitched too low for the man to hear. "I promise."

Something in his gentle demeanor penetrated y/n’s fear. Though he clearly served the cold-eyed man, his expression contained compassion absent from his master's calculated gaze.

With careful movements that suggested experience beyond his years, the boy examined her reflexes, checked her breathing, and inspected her limbs for injury or abnormality. Throughout, his touch remained clinical yet somehow gentler than any she had experienced since being separated from her friends.

"No obvious physical defects," he reported, his voice shifting to professional detachment as he addressed the man. "Slight malnutrition consistent with ship rationing, but no chronic conditions apparent. Developmentally appropriate responses for estimated age."

The man nodded, satisfied with this assessment. "Good. Prepare the standard preventative treatments after purchase is confirmed. No point investing in medication until ownership is established."

As he turned to leave, issuing instructions to the auction manager who had materialized in the doorway, the boy hesitated briefly. When the adults' attention focused elsewhere, he quickly pressed something into y/n’s small palm.

"Here, I found this earlier, you need it more than me. Hold tight to hope," he whispered, the words barely audible. "Not everyone is cruel."

She blinked at him before whispering “My names y/n.”

He smiled and nodded in greeting. “Yeosang.” 

Before she could respond, he followed his master from the cell, resuming his precise position three steps behind. Only after the door closed did y/n open her hand to discover a small wooden bird, roughly carved but unmistakable in its form. The unexpected gift—small enough to conceal yet tangible proof of kindness amidst cruelty—triggered the first tears she had permitted herself since being torn from The Crimson Serpent.

She clutched the wooden bird against her chest, this sole comfort in a world suddenly devoid of protection, unaware that its creator was one of the five boys who had sworn to find her again—or that the compassionate child who had given it to her would become her only ally in the years of captivity ahead.

“..Joongie, Hwa, Woo, Yuyu, and Puppy..”

[cripplecharacters]

i'm debating giving one of my OCs strabismus exotropia. the work/story is YA SFF. part of my reasoning is he's one of two characters in the group who's the Brains, his specialty being history and languages, and his magic relates to mind reading and telekinesis, and i know too often characters with eye differences are portrayed as the opposite of smart. one of his big hobbies is reading and i know strabismus can affect it bc of focus/headaches, so i thought maybe reading/being fluent in braille could help him engage in his hobby when actual reading is getting on his nerves / refer to his amblyopic eye as his "permanent side eye" as he can be quite critical of others sometimes. his personality is being smug but normally right and very sure of himself (though not without his insecurities), he's seen as a bit of a Pretty Boy (handsome), and is the youngest of his group of friends so they do look out for and protect him a bit more. is there anything else i should look out for, or any way i may be playing into tropes i'm unaware of? he's also queer (gay) and brown (pakistani coded) if that helps any provide context, and has an antagonistic bickering but genuine friendship with another boy (the other brains) that eventually develops into a romance

Hello!

In general, this sounds like a perfectly fine character concept and there's nothing about his personality/portrayal that's immediately jumping out at me. He sounds like a well rounded character, which is something I'm very glad to see!

One thing I would like to mention is that, while braille may be a useful tool for him at times, it's not likely to be a feasible solution for his day-to-day life.

Braille books aren't like regular printed books, there are quite a few differences that make them much more difficult to use:

Size:

Braille books aren't easy to carry around. With the possible exception of some smaller children's books, most are pretty thick and VERY heavy. In fact, many braille books are split up into several separate volumes for this reason.

To put the difference into perspective, let's look at The Fellowship of the Ring (The first Lord of the Rings book).

A standard printed copy generally weighs around 1.5 lbs, give or take a bit if it's a hardcover. A braille copy of the same book weighs over 15 lbs.

This printed copy has 432 pages including pages for spacing, author's notes, etc. The braille copy has 873, not including any non-text pages.

The physical dimensions of braille vs printed books also differs greatly. While a printed copy of The Fellowship of the Ring may easily fit in a small bag or even a pocket, the braille copy is around the size of a standard three ring binder (In terms of length and width at least).

This is all to say that taking a braille book with him out on the go wouldn't exactly be a simple task and, because of how braille is read, reading on the bus or on a park bench or anywhere that isn't a flat surface without disruption wouldn't be a possibility.

Cost:

Aside from the problems with physically reading and using braille books, it's also very difficult to acquire them in the first place. Braille books are EXPENSIVE.

Depending on the availability of the book, the size, and the popularity, a single braille novel can go for anywhere from 50$ to well over 300$ (In Canadian dollars).

The hardcover printed copy of The Fellowship of the Ring mentioned before costs around 25$ (Again, in Canadian dollars). The braille version ranges from around 150$ to 225$ depending on the type of braille.

And if your character wants to request a less popular book, it can still be pretty expensive. There's a wide range of factors that can affect the cost and it varies so wildly that it's hard to get a reliable estimate but they could be looking at anywhere between 5$ - 50$ per page.

Although some libraries may have braille books and there are several virtual libraries for the blind with braille books, it can still get very pricey for them to build up their own collection.

Availability:

In part because of this cost, there is a very low availability of braille titles compared to printed titles.

If your character is into more popular books like Harry Potter, Lord of the Rings, or some of the classics, they'll have little issues finding a copy.

Beyond that, unfortunately, they'd be out of luck. If a book isn't incredibly well known, it's a very slim chance of there being a braille version. Likewise, there's also very low chances of finding more recent releases.

Even one of my old favourites, The Perks of Being a Wallflower -- which was written around ten years ago and is fairly popular, doesn't have any braille copies.

While it is possible to get a book printed in braille for yourself, the costs of it can get quite high (As shown above) and it's not generally an option that people go for.

Durability:

The last point I want to make is that braille books don't last as long as printed books. Although braille is read with a light touch, the braille does get worn down over time.

Library books in particular are an unfortunate victim to this. Because so many different people are borrowing the books, they often get worn down much quicker. This can be because of new braille readers using a harsher touch when reading or it could be because of improper storage, either from the readers or from the library itself. It's less likely that somebody will notice when the braille is worn down.

The braille itself isn't the only concern. A lot of braille books are bound differently than printed books are and often use plastic for the bindings, which requires more care than the usual bindings of printed books. I've included an example of what a braille book may look like below.

[Image Description: A braille copy of The Fellowship of the Ring. It is open to a tactile map of Middle Earth. The binding is made of small, circular pieces of plastic, similar to a notebook of sorts. End ID.]

Now, this all isn't to say that he can't use braille books -- these are just some things to consider. And if you do choose to go in a different direction, may I suggest audio books?

Audio books have a wider availability than braille books do and are much less costly. There's also the added benefit of being able to take them pretty much everywhere with you, as long as you have one or two downloaded to your phone.

You could also go with having a balance of the two. Maybe your character uses audio books with his headphones or earbuds during the day and reads his braille books at home so he can give his ears a break from his headphones/earbuds.

Another option is large print books or e-books that allow you to adjust the font size, which could make it easier for your character to read them. There are also other strategies that he could use when reading regular printed books, such as covering an eye or using a bookmark to sort of box in the lines as he reads.

As one quick final note: Reading braille is actual reading! Braille is just another language with a different -- not lesser! -- method of reading it.

Hopefully some of this information helps! If you're interested in knowing more about the specifics of braille books, Blind In Mind's Braille Bookstore has a lot of great resources and their copy of The Fellowship of the Ring is the one I've been referencing.

Cheers,

~ Mod Icarus

[covid-safer-hotties]

Also preserved on our archive

By Geoff Hanmer

Later this week the government will receive the report of the year-long independent inquiry into its handling of the COVID pandemic.

Among the issues it will have to contend with is air quality, in particular the air quality in high occupancy public buildings such as schools, aged-care facilities, shops, pubs and clubs.

Many already have high quality air. High-fitration air conditioning (so-called mechanical ventilation) is standard in offices, hospitals and shopping centres.

But not in schools. Almost all of our schools (98% in NSW) use windows.

In Australia’s national construction code, this is called “natural ventilation” and it is allowed so long as the window, opening or door has a ventilating area of not less than 5% of the floor area, a requirement research suggests is insufficient.

Windows, but no requirement to keep them open There’s no requirement to actually open the windows. School windows are often shut to keep in the heat in (or to keep out the heat in summer).

The result can be very, very stuffy classrooms, far stuffier than we would tolerate in shopping centres. This matters for learning. Study after study has found that when air circulation gets low, people can’t concentrate well or learn well.

And they get sick. Diseases such as flu, COVID and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) spread when viruses get recirculated instead of diluted with fresh air.

The costs of the resulting sickness are borne by students, parents, teachers and education systems that need to find replacement staff to cover for teachers who are sick and parents who need to look after sick children at home.

A pilot study prepared for the Australian Research Council Centre for Advanced Building Systems Against Airborne Infection (known as “Thrive”), suggests the entire cost of installing high-filtration air conditioning in every Australian school would be offset by the savings in reduced sickness.

What Classroom Air is Like The study carried out by the education architecture firm ARINA compared the ventilation of 60 so-called naturally ventilated schools in southern NSW and the Australian Capital Territory to that of a school in Sydney that happened to have been fitted with a Standards Australia-compliant air conditioning system to control aircraft noise.

It used carbon dioxide levels to measure ventilation. Carbon dioxide is a good proxy for ventilation because its levels are determined by both the number of people breathing out concentrated carbon dioxide and the clean air available to dilute it.

Under a normal load, defined as 26 students, one teacher and one assistant, measured levels of carbon dioxide in the air-conditioned school stayed below 750 parts per million (ppm) and were typically between 500 and 600 ppm.

A reading of 700 ppm is particularly good. It means the people in the room breathe in less than 0.5% of air breathed out by others.

But in “naturally ventilated” classrooms the reading often climbed to 2,500 ppm and sometimes more, within an hour of a class commencing.

At 2,500 parts per million, people in the room are breathing in 5.5% of the air breathed out by others. This is also high enough to affect cognition, learning and behaviour, something that begins when carbon dioxide climbs above 1,200 ppm.

Research suggests using ventilation to cut carbon dioxide to 700 ppm can cut the risk of airborne transmission of disease by a factor of two and up to five.

The economic case for healthy air In 2023, Australia had 9,629 schools with 4,086,998 students.

ARINA has previously estimated the cost of ensuring all of these schools are mechanically ventilated at A$2 billion per year over five years.

Offsetting that cost would be less sickness. Documents released under freedom of information laws show Victoria spent $360.8 million on casual relief teachers between May 2023 and May 2024, 54% more than before COVID in 2019.

The figures for other states are harder to get, but if Victoria (with 26% of Australia’s population) is spending $234 million more per year on casual relief teachers than before COVID, it is likely that Australia is spending $900 million per year more.

Add in the teachers in non-government schools (37% of Australia’s total) and the potential saving from air conditioning schools exceeds $1 billion per year.

Add in the other non-COVID viruses that would no longer be concentrated and circulated in classrooms and the potential savings grow higher still.

Worth more than $1 billion per year And, in any event, the cost of replacement teachers is a woefully incomplete measure of the cost of illness in schools. Many ill teachers can’t be replaced because replacements aren’t available, making schools cancel lessons and combine classes, costing days, weeks and sometimes months of lost education.

Also, the bacteria and viruses spread by recirculated air infect students as well as teachers, keeping students (and often their parents) at home as well.

This suggests the costs per year of not air conditioning schools exceed $1 billion and may well approach or exceed $2 billion, which is the estimated cost per year over five years of air conditioning every Australian school.

Natural ventilation was never a good idea for classrooms: it was cheap at the time, but not cheap at all when the costs are considered. Those costs happen to extend beyond disease to thermal comfort, energy use and the ability of students to concentrate.

It’s time we gave students and teachers the kind of protections we demand for ourselves in our offices, our shopping centres and often our homes. It would soon pay for itself.

[mariacallous]

The Farm Bill is a critical piece of legislation that reauthorizes the country’s agricultural and nutrition programs about every five years—and the 2024 version is now on legislators’ desks, with some major changes. 

Originally designed to support farmers, the Farm Bill has evolved over time to prioritize nutrition assistance, with the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) now comprising 76% of the budget—projected to increase to 84% in the current version. This shift underscores the growing emphasis on addressing food insecurity among low-income Americans, as SNAP currently serves over 42 million individuals, or about 12% of the population.

The 2024 Farm Bill will fund SNAP, agriculture subsidies, and crop insurance through 2029, at a projected cost of $1.5 trillion. However, as the first Farm Bill to exceed $1 trillion, it faces heightened scrutiny as both parties clash over the allocation of funding between SNAP, subsidies, and other key programs.  

The current version of the bill, introduced by the Republican-led House Agriculture Committee, has sparked controversy by proposing a $30 billion cut to SNAP funding over the next decade. This reduction would be achieved by limiting adjustments to the Thrifty Food Plan (TFP)—a low-cost, standardized estimate of the minimum cost of a nutritious diet, used to determine SNAP benefit levels—to inflation rates only.  

The TFP is reevaluated every five years to reflect current food costs. In 2021, the Biden administration reevaluated the TFP to respond to high food costs due to COVID-19 and supply chain issues in the global food industry, resulting in the largest-ever increase in SNAP benefits, totaling $256 billion. Now, Republicans are seeking to restrict future adjustments to reflect only inflation costs, marking the largest SNAP reduction in nearly three decades. But Democrats and researchers argue that such a restriction could have significant impacts on the 42 million SNAP recipients, including 17 million children, 6 million older adults, and 4 million people with disabilities.

Americans face rising food insecurity and barriers in accessing nutritious diets  

The proposed cuts, along with provisions to outsource program operations, could undermine SNAP’s ability to effectively combat food insecurity. This is especially concerning given that food insecurity rates rose to 13.5% of U.S. households in 2023, affecting 18 million families—a statistically significantly increase from 2022, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). Food insecurity rates are notably higher for single-parent, female-headed households; Black and Latino or Hispanic households; and households in principal cities and rural areas. In addition, voters are growing increasingly worried about inflation and high food costs, with 70% citing food prices as a major concern. This view is especially pronounced among younger voters, who have been hit hard by a 20% surge in food costs since 2020, as reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.  

In addition to concerns surrounding food insecurity and rising costs, the TFP debate risks being a superficial fix that overlooks deeper, more critical challenges low-income families face in accessing nutritious diets. A USDA study found that 88% of SNAP participants encounter challenges in maintaining a healthy diet, with 61% citing the high cost of healthy foods as a key barrier. Other reasons include a lack of time to prepare meals at home and transportation difficulties in accessing healthy foods.  

Access barriers—combined with broader economic factors such as regional variations in real food prices and other costs of living, shifts in food composition data, changing consumption patterns, and updated dietary guidance—significantly impact low-income households’ ability to maintain affordable, nutritious diets. Addressing such factors is crucial for creating a more sustainable and impactful SNAP program, yet they remain sidelined in favor of quick, inflation-focused approaches that do little to address systemic barriers to healthy food access for vulnerable families.

The proposed $30 billion cut to SNAP funding over the next decade by restricting the USDA’s authority to adjust the TFP beyond inflation rates will have serious and multidimensional challenges for these low-income, food-insecure households. In addition, the bill’s proposal to outsource core SNAP operations to private entities could create complications in the application process and eligibility criteria, while also increasing federal costs by $1 million.  

Notably, the current version of the bill proposes to expand SNAP’s purpose to include the prevention of diet-related chronic diseases. Critics, such as the HEAL (Health, Environment, Agriculture, Labor) Food Alliance, argue that this risks diverting attention away from SNAP’s core mission of reducing food insecurity, and instead shifts the focus to diet-related concerns facing low-income populations. Yet these diet-related concerns are often a result of multifaceted challenges such as stress (or “bandwidth poverty”), food insecurity, and other factors such households face. The current version of the bill also proposes to cut climate-focused conservation efforts introduced by the Inflation Reduction Act. 

Proposed changes to agricultural subsidies have sparked equity concerns 

The proposed Farm Bill aims to reallocate funds by raising price floors for key agricultural commodities such as corn, wheat, and soybeans, while cutting SNAP funding. A large portion of the increased spending is directed toward farm programs and crop insurance—raising concerns about equity and the disproportionate benefits to large, wealthy farms. 

A report from the American Enterprise Institute highlights this disparity, revealing that the top 10% of farms receive 56.4% of all crop insurance subsidies, with the top 5% receiving 36.4%. Since these subsidies are not means-tested—and the level of subsidies is directly proportional to an agri-business’s production levels—the wealthiest and largest businesses capture the most significant share of these benefits. Research from the Environmental Working Group confirms evidence on the concentration of these subsidies toward the wealthiest agri-business owners. They found that between 1995 and 2021, the top 1% of recipients received 27% of the total $478 billion in farm subsidies—underscoring the disproportionate benefits to large-scale, wealthy farmers. Moreover, these subsidies favor a narrow range of commodity crops such as corn, soybeans, wheat, and cotton, which accumulates benefits to white, wealthy farmers while farmers of color receive little support. This inequitable allocation of resources raises important questions about the Farm Bill’s broader social and economic implications.  

The Government Accountability Office and Congressional Budget Office have proposed reforms to the current inequitable structure of these subsidies. Such reforms have the potential to reduce the fiscal deficit while protecting rights of farmers, ensuring food assistance to low-income populations, and maintaining price levels of key commodities. Reforms include implementing income limits on premium subsidies for wealthy farmers, adjusting compensation for insurance companies to reflect market rates, and reducing taxpayer reimbursements for administrative costs.

SNAP benefits aren’t keeping up with the true costs of a healthy diet 

A critical aspect of SNAP that is often overlooked in fiscal policy debates is the economic adequacy of the program’s benefits. There is a growing body of research suggesting that SNAP benefits in their current form are insufficient to cover the “real” cost of a healthy diet. 

In other words, the TFP might not truly reflect the real value of food costs low-income households face. The TFP was originally intended to represent the minimum food expenditure basket that would allow low-income households to avoid food insecurity. It is not necessarily based on the most recent scientific methodologies that factor in food prices, accessibility, and dietary needs.  

Recent evaluations have shown that the TFP often underestimates the cost of a nutritious diet, particularly in areas with higher living costs. An Urban Institute study found that despite food price inflation moderating in 2023, SNAP benefits remained inadequate for covering food costs: By the end of 2023, the average modestly priced meal cost $3.37, which was 19% more than the average maximum SNAP benefit of $2.84. Families with zero net income faced a shortfall of $49.29 per month by the end of the year, with urban areas experiencing a 28% gap between meal costs and SNAP benefits, compared to 17% in rural areas. In the five counties with the largest gaps, the shortfall exceeded 70% throughout the year. 

Recent economic research indicates that current SNAP benefits often fall short of covering the actual cost of a low-budget, healthy diet, with significant variations in benefit adequacy across U.S. regions. Researchers have found that these geographic variations in SNAP purchasing power significantly affect welfare outcomes such as child health and food insecurity. Despite deductions for housing and child care, many regions face much higher real costs of food, and SNAP dollars do not go far in such high-cost areas. To ensure equitable support, social scientists have put forth proposals to index SNAP benefits to local area food prices.   

Therefore, the proposed cuts to SNAP funding risk exacerbating systemic and multidimensional challenges low-income populations already face. Concerns about food insecurity and diet-related chronic diseases are symptomatic of deeper systemic challenges related to health insurance access, stress and bandwidth poverty, access to healthy foods, the higher cost of healthy foods, and structural oligopolies in the American food industry. Research suggests that SNAP inadequacy is linked to worse health outcomes, such as increased risk of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Yet instead of focusing on deeper systemic issues, the current Farm Bill proposes a quick fix, Band-Aid solution by proposing to cut SNAP funding further.

Policy recommendations for a stronger Farm Bill 

Despite proposing massive cuts to SNAP, increasing inequitable farm subsidies, and cutting climate funding for conservation efforts, the 2024 Farm Bill does lay out some positive measures. These include raising the income cutoff for SNAP eligibility (the Earned Income Deduction) from 20% to 22% of income, which will ensure more households just at the margin of earned income now have access to SNAP benefits. It proposes to give benefits access to individuals with drug-related convictions, who were previously excluded. Further, it proposes to extend the age limit for high school students on SNAP from 18 to 22 years, allowing students to work without disincentivizing income for eligibility. However, despite these positives, the proposed cuts and other changes could undermine the Farm Bill’s effectiveness in addressing food insecurity and equity concerns in agricultural subsidies.  

The proposed cuts based on restricting SNAP increases to only reflect inflation diverge significantly from academic research underscoring that the TFP should be updated regularly to factor in food prices, consumption patterns, and nutritional guidelines. While this measure could save $29 billion between 2025 and 2033, it will further dampen SNAP’s purchasing power as food costs continue to rise and vary across regions. 

The polarization of the Farm Bill reflects a broader ideological divide over the role of welfare in American society. Republicans have historically advocated for limited assistance and stricter work requirements for SNAP recipients. In contrast, Democrats have historically perceived welfare programs such as SNAP as essential tools for reducing poverty and inequality, and advocated for expanded benefits and more coverage.  

Politicians need to look beyond this ideological gap and focus instead on creating a more equitable and effective Farm Bill that addresses society’s economic and welfare needs. A zero-sum approach that pits agricultural interests against the needs of food-insecure, low-income consumers is not proving to be effective.  

What follows are key policy recommendations for crafting an inclusive and equitable Farm Bill that addresses the economic and welfare needs of vulnerable populations, including low-income households and underrepresented farmers. 

Evidence-based SNAP adjustments: Use scientific methodologies to measure the TFP’s adequacy and issue frequent and regular updates to SNAP benefits. Factors that impact the TFP beyond inflation include other costs of living, regional variations in SNAP adequacy, food consumption patterns, and healthy diet guidelines. 

Index benefits to reflect local economic conditions: Implement regional cost-of-living adjustments to SNAP benefits, which can address disparities in food costs and improve equity across geographic regions.  

Expand access to healthy foods: Invest in initiatives that improve access to healthier food options, such as affordable farmers markets, community gardens, and incentives for retailers in underserved areas to improve food access and support local economies.  

Rebalance agricultural subsidies: Impose income limits on farm subsidies and expand efforts to improve subsidy access for small-scale and BIPOC farmers.   

Integrate climate goals: Allocate funding for climate-resilient agricultural practices and provide financial assistance and incentives to small-scale and BIPOC farmers to invest in such technologies.  

Foster bipartisan collaboration: Encourage cooperation across party lines to create a Farm Bill that balances agricultural support with food assistance—recognizing their interdependence rather than treating them as competing interests. 

Engage stakeholders: Involve farmers, nutrition advocates, and SNAP recipients in the legislative process to ensure policies reflect the needs and realities of those directly impacted. 

The 2024 Farm Bill represents a critical opportunity for Congress to craft a more equitable and inclusive policy that addresses the dual needs of supporting agricultural production as well as nutrition assistance. However, as it currently stands, proposals such as the $30 billion cut to SNAP funding, the shift in focus toward preventing diet-related diseases, and the continued expansion of agricultural subsidies that disproportionately benefit white, wealthy farmers and a limited number of commodity crops risk undermining SNAP’s response to food insecurity and worsening inequality in the agriculture sector. 

Policymakers must look beyond zero-sum dynamics that pit agricultural subsidies against nutrition assistance, when the fundamental issues farmers and low-income households face are symptomatic of deeper systemic inequalities in the economic and welfare structures of fiscal policy. Therefore, rather than continuing to concentrate support in the hands of wealthy, large-scale agricultural producers, the Farm Bill should prioritize uplifting smaller, diverse farmers and ensuring low-income households have the resources they need to access nutritious food. Encouraging small-scale and low-income BIPOC farmers to invest in green technology is also essential, as this would foster more sustainable agricultural practices while supporting communities’ economic growth. At the same time, Congress must ensure that commodity prices remain stable and affordable, preventing further economic burdens on consumers. 

An equitable and welfare-focused Farm Bill would embrace a broader vision—one that balances the needs of both rural farming communities and urban, food-insecure families. By aligning agricultural subsidies with sustainable practices and expanding SNAP’s effectiveness, Congress can craft a policy that not only strengthens food security, but also builds a more just, resilient, and environmentally responsible food system for all Americans. 

[sngl-led-auto-lights]

How long does it take to replace a headlight bulb in a car?

Replacing a headlight bulb in a car can take anywhere from 5 minutes to 2+ hours, depending entirely on your vehicle’s design. Here’s a detailed breakdown:

⏱️ Time Ranges by Vehicle Type Vehicle Complexity Typical Time Examples Key Challenges

Simple 5–20 min Toyota Camry, older Honda Civic Easy hood access; no tools needed. Moderate 20–45 min Subaru Forester, Ford Escape Wheel well access; trim removal. Complex 45 min–2 hrs Audi A4, Mercedes C-Class Bumper/grille removal; coding. Extreme 2+ hrs Dodge Charger, BMW 5-Series Headlight assembly removal; calibration.

🔧 Key Factors Affecting Replacement Time Access to the Bulb

Easy: Bulb is reachable under the hood (e.g., twist-off cover behind the headlight).

Hard: Requires removing the tire, wheel liner, battery, or air intake box (common in trucks/SUVs).

Expert: Full bumper/grille removal (German luxury brands). Bulb Type & Mounting

Halogen bulbs: Usually plug-and-play (quick).

HID/LED bulbs: May need recalibration or have fragile bases.

Retaining Mechanism: Spring clips, screws, or twist-locks—some are fiddly in tight spaces. Reassembly & Calibration

Modern cars with adaptive headlights (e.g., Mazda, Audi) may need recalibration via dealership tools.

Improper sealing can cause moisture leaks.

🛠️ Step-by-Step Time Estimates Preparation (5 min):

Park on level ground, set parking brake, gather gloves/tools. Access the Bulb (5 min–1 hr):

Remove engine covers, air filters, or wheel liners if needed. Swap the Bulb (5 min):

Unplug connector → release clip → remove old bulb → insert new bulb (avoid touching glass!). Reassembly/Test (5–45 min):

Reattach all parts and test headlight aim (critical for safety).

⚠️ Surprising Time Traps "Easy" Cars That Fight Back:

Honda CR-V: Requires removing washer fluid tanks or battery.

Chevy Silverado: Grille clips that break easily.

Day vs. Night: Cold plastic/rusty bolts add frustration.

Unseen Issues: Corroded connectors or stripped clips.

💡 Pro Tips to Save Time Check YouTube First: Search "[Your Car] headlight bulb replacement" for model-specific hacks.

Buy OEM Bulbs: Aftermarket bulbs often fail faster or fit poorly.

Use Nitrile Gloves: Skin oils shorten bulb life.

Bring a Flashlight: Headlight assemblies are dark and cramped.

🔋 Battery Warning

Always disconnect the negative battery terminal before starting—accidental shorts can blow fuses or damage modules (e.g., Honda’s BCM). Reconnect after bulb installation.

When to Call a Pro: If bumper removal is required.

If adaptive headlights throw error codes.

Cost: 50–300 at shops (bulb included). Dealers charge up to $500 for luxury models.

DIY Reality Check: "My ‘simple’ Honda Odyssey took 45 minutes because I had to remove the cabin air filter housing."

"The Audi dealer quoted $400—I spent 3 hours and broke two clips."

Always budget 2× the time you expect—and keep bandages handy for skinned knuckles! 🔧💡

[voiddinosaurscribe]

Breaking Down Driveway Paving Costs: A Detailed Analysis

Introduction

When it comes to enhancing the look and functionality of your property, one of the most significant investments you can make is in your driveway. Whether you’re considering an asphalt driveway installation, resurfacing an existing one, or planning to pave a new parking lot, understanding the costs involved is crucial. This guide will delve into various aspects of driveway paving costs, equipping you with the knowledge to make informed decisions. From types of materials used in asphalt paving to the factors affecting pricing, we’ll break down everything you need to know about driveway paving costs.

Breaking Down Driveway Paving Costs: A Detailed Analysis Understanding Asphalt as a Material for Driveways

Asphalt is not only a popular choice for residential driveways but also widely used in commercial applications due to its durability and cost-effectiveness.

What makes asphalt a preferred choice? Durability: With proper maintenance, an asphalt driveway can last over 20 years. Cost-Effectiveness: Compared to concrete alternatives, asphalt tends to be less expensive both for initial installation and ongoing maintenance. Quick Installation: Unlike concrete, which may take days to cure, asphalt driveways are ready for use within hours after installation. Factors Influencing Asphalt Driveway Cost

Understanding the various elements that contribute to the overall cost of an asphalt driveway can help homeowners budget more effectively.

1. Size of the Area

The larger the area that needs paving, the higher the total cost. Most contractors charge based on square footage.

2. Thickness of Asphalt

Typically, a residential asphalt driveway should have a thickness ranging from 2 to 4 inches. Thicker layers increase material costs but also enhance durability.

3. Type of Asphalt Used

Different grades and mixes of asphalt can vary significantly in price. Hot mix asphalt is often used for heavy-duty applications while cold mix may be suitable for smaller jobs.

Average Asphalt Driveway Cost

While costs can fluctuate based on location and contractor rates, here’s a general breakdown:

| Aspect | Estimated Cost | |------------------------------|------------------| | Installation per square foot | $3 - $6 | | Sealcoating | $0.15 - $0.25 per sq ft | | Repairing cracks | $2 - $5 per linear foot |

The Role of Asphalt Companies in Driveway Paving

Choosing reputable asphalt companies can greatly affect both quality and cost.

Why hire professionals? Expertise: Professional contractors understand local regulations and best practices. sealcoating asphalt surfaces Quality Assurance: They will ensure that materials meet industry standards. Warranty Options: Many companies provide warranties on their work which can save money on future repairs. Key Services Offered by Asphalt Contractors

When hiring asphalt paving contractors, it's essential to understand what services they offer:

New asphalt driveway installation Asphalt resurfacing Crack

[advertisement098]

How Much Power Does a V-Bottom Paper Bag Machine Consume?

If you’re planning to start or expand your paper bag manufacturing business, one of the key questions you’re likely asking is “How much power does a V-bottom paper bag-making machine consume?”

Understanding the power consumption of your machine is essential—not just for estimating your monthly electricity costs, but also for ensuring that your factory setup can support continuous, smooth production.

In this blog, we’ll break down the typical power requirements of V-bottom paper bag machines, what factors influence energy usage, and how you can keep operational costs low without compromising on output.

⚙️ What Is a V-Bottom Paper Bag Machine?

A V-bottom paper bag machine is used to manufacture flat, V-shaped bottom paper bags without handles. These bags are commonly used in bakeries, grocery shops, pharmacies, and small retail outlets.

These machines are

Fast (up to 400 bags per minute)

Cost-effective

Compatible with kraft paper, newsprint, and recycled paper

Widely used for mass production

Now let’s understand the electrical aspect of running these machines.

⚡ Average Power Consumption of V-Bottom Paper Bag Machines

At Prakash Machineries Pvt. Ltd., our standard and high-speed V-bottom paper bag machines typically consume between

3 kW to 6 kW per hour

This translates to:

3 to 6 units of electricity per hour

Around 24 to 48 units per 8-hour shift

This makes these machines highly energy-efficient, especially compared to other types of packaging machinery (such as square-bottom bag or handle-attaching machines, which can go up to 10–15 kW).

🔌 What Factors Affect Power Consumption?

Power usage may vary based on several factors. Let’s take a look at what influences the electricity cost of operating a V-bottom machine:

1. Machine Size and Model

Larger, fully automatic machines with higher speed capabilities generally consume more power than entry-level models. A basic model running at 150 bags/min will use less electricity than a heavy-duty model producing 400 bags/min.

2. Printing Attachment (Optional)

If your machine includes an in-line flexographic printing unit, this will add 1–2 kW of power consumption depending on the number of color stations (1, 2, or 4 colors).

3. Bag Size and Paper Thickness

Heavier and wider bags require more motor torque, which increases power consumption slightly. Thicker GSM paper may also lead to more resistance during feeding and folding.

4. Number of Shifts

Machines running multiple shifts per day (e.g., two or three 8-hour shifts) will naturally consume more power—but also generate higher output, which offsets the electricity cost through volume-based profit.

5. Motor Efficiency

High-efficiency motors and servo drives reduce electricity usage. All

Prakash Machineries Pvt. Ltd.

Machines use energy-optimized motors to balance power and productivity.

💡 Electricity Cost Calculation Example

Let’s say you run a V-bottom paper bag machine that consumes 4 kW/hour for a single 8-hour shift daily:

Daily Consumption: 4 kW x 8 hours = 32 units

Monthly Consumption (25 working days): 32 x 25 = 800 units

Average commercial electricity cost: ₹8/unit (varies by location)

Estimated Monthly Electricity Cost = ₹6,400

Now, if your machine produces around 12,000–15,000 bags/hour, your monthly output could be over 2.5 to 3 million bags. This makes the per-bag electricity cost extremely low, usually less than ₹0.03 per bag—a small fraction of the total production cost.

🏆 Advantages of Low Power Consumption

✅ Reduced Operating Cost

Low power usage helps keep your production expenses under control, especially in regions where commercial electricity rates are high.

✅ Great for Startups

If you’re running a small unit or working with limited infrastructure, our energy-efficient machines allow you to operate even with a basic 3-phase connection.

✅ Eco-Friendly Manufacturing

Less power usage means a lower carbon footprint, aligning with the eco-friendly image of paper bag manufacturing.

🏭 Prakash Machineries Pvt. Ltd.—Built for Energy Efficiency

At Prakash Machineries Pvt. Ltd., our V-bottom paper bag-making machines are engineered to deliver:

✅ High output with low energy consumption

✅ Efficient servo-motor drives

✅ Minimal idle losses

✅ Compatibility with standard 3-phase industrial power

Our machines are perfect for both small workshops and large factories that want to scale responsibly and profitably.

📞 Want to Know More About Running Costs?

We understand that choosing a paper bag machine is a long-term investment, and energy costs play a big part in your decision. That’s why our team is always ready to help you calculate your potential monthly expenses and recommend the best machine for your goals and budget. 🌐 Website: Prakash Machineries Pvt. Ltd.

[worthycreaturechaos]

The Necessity of Emergency Roof Leak Repair Services

Introduction

When it comes to safeguarding our homes and businesses, the roof serves as the first line of defense against environmental elements. Unfortunately, roofs can develop leaks due to various factors such as weather conditions, age, or poor installation. This is where emergency roof leak repair services become essential. In this article, we will explore the necessity of these services in depth, focusing on why timely intervention can save property owners from costly damages and provide peace of mind.

The Necessity of Emergency Roof Leak Repair Services

Every homeowner dreads the moment they discover a leak in their roof. It’s not just about water dripping onto the floor; it signifies potential structural damage, mold growth, and escalating repair costs. Ignoring a small leak can lead to larger issues down the road. Therefore, emergency roof leak repair services are vital for maintaining your home’s integrity.

Understanding Roof Leaks What Causes Roof Leaks?

Roof leaks can occur due to several reasons:

Weather Damage: Severe storms can cause hail damage, wind damage, or even storm damage that affects your roof's integrity. Aging Materials: Over time, roofing materials like shingles or tiles can degrade and lose their protective qualities. Poor Installation: If roofing contractors do not follow industry standards during installation, it could lead to premature failures. Common Signs of a Roof Leak

Recognizing signs early can save you from drastic consequences:

Water stains on ceilings and walls Mold growth in corners Missing shingles or tiles Dripping sounds during rain The Role of Licensed Roofing Contractors

When faced with a roofing emergency, hiring licensed roofing contractors is crucial. These professionals have undergone rigorous training and are equipped with the roofers necessary tools and knowledge to handle repairs efficiently.

Benefits of Hiring Certified Roofing Contractors Expertise: They possess specialized skills to identify and fix leaks correctly. Warranty: Many certified contractors offer warranties on their work. Insurance Compliance: Licensed professionals ensure all work complies with local regulations. How to Choose the Best Roofing Contractors

Selecting the right contractor involves several considerations:

Check for licenses and insurance. Read online reviews and testimonials. Ask for detailed estimates before committing. Emergency Roofing Services: When Do You Need Them?

You may wonder when it's time to call for emergency roofing services. Here are some situations that require immediate attention:

Severe Weather Events

After severe weather events like storms or heavy snowfall, assessing your roof is essential. Wind damage and hail damage often necessitate prompt repairs to prevent further complications.

Visible Damage

If you notice visible damage such as missing shingles or punctured membranes, don’t wait—contact an emergency roof repair company immediately.

<

[astralabominationprototype]

Understanding Roof Replacement Costs: A Comprehensive Breakdown

Introduction

When it comes to maintaining a home, few things are as critical as the roof overhead. It protects us from the elements and contributes significantly to the overall value of our property. However, when the time comes for a roof replacement, homeowners often face an avalanche of questions: What will it cost? How do I choose among roofing contractors? Should I opt https://glennify2.gumroad.com/p/how-wind-damage-impacts-your-roof-and-what-you-can-do-about-it for residential or commercial roofing services? In this article, we'll dive deep into Understanding Roof Replacement Costs: A Comprehensive Breakdown, ensuring you're well-equipped to tackle your roofing needs.

Understanding Roof Replacement Costs: A Comprehensive Breakdown

Roof replacement is not merely a task; it's an investment in your home’s longevity and safety. The costs associated with replacing a roof can vary widely based on various factors including materials, labor, location, and more. Let's break down these costs comprehensively.

Factors Influencing Roof Replacement Costs

Material Type

Asphalt Shingles Metal Roofing Tile Roofing Flat Roof Systems

Labor Costs

Local wage rates Experience of licensed roofing contractors Roof Size and Complexity Square footage Roof pitch and design complexity Geographical Location Urban vs rural areas Local climate impacts Existing Roof Condition Presence of mold or rot Required structural repairs Permitting and Inspection Fees Local building codes Inspection requirements Emergency Situations Storm damage roof repair Urgency affecting pricing Average Cost Estimates for Different Roofing Materials

| Material Type | Average Cost per Square Foot | Lifespan (Years) | |--------------------|------------------------------|-------------------| | Asphalt Shingles | $3.50 | 20-30 | | Metal Roofing | $7.00 | 40-70 | | Tile Roofing | $10.00 | 50+ | | Flat Roof System | $5.00 | 15-25 |

Hiring the Best Roofing Contractors

Choosing the right professionals is crucial for ensuring quality work and safeguarding your investment.

What to Look for in Roofing Contractors?

Licensing and Insurance

Always check if the roofing contractor is licensed and insured to protect yourself from potential liabilities.

Experience

Look for certified roofing contractors with years of experience in both residential and commercial roofing services.

Reviews and References

Ask for references or read online reviews to gauge their reputation among previous clients.

Warranty Offerings

Reliable contractors will provide warranties on both materials used and labor performed.

Detailed Estimates

Get written estimates detailing all aspects—labor, materials, permits—to avoid unexpected costs later on.

The Importance of Regular Roof Inspections

Regular roof i

[darkmaga-returns]

Israel’s war on Iran and Tehran’s retaliatory attacks are costing hundreds of millions of dollars per day, according to experts who spoke with the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) on 19 June. 

Interceptor missiles used to shoot down Iranian ballistic missiles have been the most expensive, along with ammunition, aircraft, and the widespread destruction caused by missile attacks, which has been called “unprecedented.”

This could affect how long Israel’s campaign against Iran will last, according to the experts. 

“The main factor which will really determine the cost of the war will be the duration. If it is a week, it is one thing. If it is two weeks or a month it is a very different story,” Karnit Flug, former Bank of Israel governor and senior fellow at the Israel Democracy Institute think tank.

Over 400 ballistic missiles have been fired by Iran at Israel since Tel Aviv launched its war on the country on 13 June.

Israel uses its Iron Dome, David’s Sling, and Arrow 3 systems to try to intercept as many of the daily missile launches as it can. 

Experts estimate interception operations alone cost up to $200 million per day.

Each time the David’s Sling system is activated, it costs around $700,000, according to Yehoshua Kalisky, a senior researcher at the Tel Aviv-based Institute for National Security Studies. However, this is assuming that only two interceptors are used, which is the minimum number. 

[covid-safer-hotties]

Also preserved in our archive

Won't someone think of the egg prices!

By John Lindt

KERN COUNTY – The price of eggs is often used as a barometer for the economy, but this fall’s high prices are not the work of market factors, but rather migratory flights.

Avian flu is spreading along the path of birds’ southern migration for winter across California. As of Nov. 12, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) reported that a large egg ranch in Kern County has been impacted by bird flu resulting in the destruction of 2.15 million egg layers. This is the first case of HPAI in Kern County during the 2022-24 bird flu outbreak as it spread south heading into winter. Kern County is home to some of the state’s largest egg ranch operations.

The same day USDA also announced that avian flu hit two Fresno County poultry ranches, one a broiler ranch resulting in the killing of 237,700 chickens being prepped for meat and a turkey ranch requiring the destruction of 34,800 toms, or male turkeys. The news follows recent reports about avian flu spreading to Kings County poultry ranches resulting in the loss of over half a million birds and at another Fresno ranch. On Nov. 14, USDA added three more poultry ranches to the list of affected including one in Merced County, a turkey ranch with the loss of 53,200 birds and another one in Fresno County.

The locations of the poultry ranches are not far from the Pacific flyway, a major migratory route in the Western United States. In the case of Kern County, the egg ranch was close to the Kern Wildlife Refuge as well as nearby dairies. This is worrying observers that there appears to be a connection between all three vectors for the rapidly mutating virus.

Northern California poultry operations have been hard hit as well. Nationwide, outbreaks have claimed more than 21 million hens, so far in 2024.

Egg Prices In California the impact on egg prices has been significant.

On Nov. 13, the USDA reported that a dozen large, white cage-free eggs cost about $5.26 per dozen in California. This is according to USDA market data for the week of Nov. 8. USDA says this is a “benchmark” price. The price is up from $2.81 a month earlier. That is almost double the benchmark, but may not reflect retail.

The last time California eggs were this high was in February when California egg prices – cage-free egg prices – peaked at $5.59 per dozen.

The cases of infected birds correspond with fall bird migrations that are spreading the virus throughout the state. Detections are higher in fall and spring as wild birds spread the virus when they migrate. This year the bird flu has taken its toll with the outbreak of H5N1, a highly transmissible and fatal strain of avian influenza, or bird flu. The outbreak started in early 2022 and rapidly grew into the largest bird flu outbreak in U.S. history.

Most recently, outbreaks affecting more than 2.84 million egg layers were reported in October at commercial facilities in Oregon, Washington and Utah, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

As of Nov. 8, the virus has affected over 105.2 million birds in the U.S. since January 2022, according to the CDC. The California egg shortage will likely have a pocketbook impact on holiday baking activity as the nation prepares for Thanksgiving; however, a recent USDA analysis suggests consumers may not see a huge jump.

“Large volume grocery retailers across the nation have launched their shell egg feature campaigns targeting holiday demand at relatively attractive price levels. Much of this is attributable to changes in the way shell eggs are being marketed with an increasing share (estimated at over half of all shell egg volume sold at retail) tied to production cost agreements not prone to fluctuation common in formula trading.”

There are about 378.5 million egg-laying chickens in the US. As of last year, there were 9.4 billion broiler chickens and 218 million turkeys processed, according to the USDA. Advocates note the high cost of the influenza just in the egg market. “With domestic sales of shell eggs and products amounting to seven billion dozen, consumers paid an incremental $15 billion as a result of the prolonged and uncontrolled infection.”

While bird flu is impacting poultry farms, another strain of the virus has impacted Central Valley dairies as well, spreading quickly since September to 291 dairy farms as of press time. Unlike poultry, dairy cows typically survive the virus, although milk production is expected to be impacted.

Avian flu is a worldwide phenomenon. In the past two weeks, the first cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) of the fall season have been reported in Albania, Great Britain, Romania, and now regions of Germany and Ukraine.

Despite the increase in US egg prices this holiday season, turkey prices are down from last year when supply was also affected by bird flu. Across the country, a 15-pound turkey costs an average of $31.16 ($2.08 per pound) in 2024, compared with $35.40 ($2.36 per pound) in 2023. That price reduction represents a price decrease of 12% from last year to now,” a report said. The lower price comes even as a U.S. Department of Agriculture report showed turkey production dipped more than 6% compared to this time last year.

Hen and Hoof The spread of this strain of the virus appears to be affecting both the Central Valley poultry and dairy industries at the same time.

Just before Sept. 1 there were no reports of the virus in the Valley’s dairy industry. But as of Nov. 15, there are almost 300 diaries, mostly in Tulare and Kings Counties, impacted with new ones being added every day.

The Valley poultry industry has been on a similar viral timeline which coincides with the annual bird migration along the Pacific flyway that happens each fall. H5N1 largely infects wild birds, with waterfowl such as ducks and geese being the natural reservoirs for H5N1 viruses. Most H5N1 viruses are highly pathogenic avian influenza, meaning spillovers into other bird populations can lead to high mortality rates, including domesticated poultry.

A compounding factor for the spread of the virus is that both livestock are often on land located right next door or just down the road. The Central Valley is home for both industries with animals, transported in and out, and service vehicles going in and out of these large facilities every day.

The industry website Egg-News this week pointed out that research shows that the infections can be transmitted over a distance of up to a mile while attached to dust particles. Fall is harvest for a number of crops, including the nut industry, sending up plumes of dust in the Valley sky, at times associated with winds.

Egg-News points out that dairy cow-associated H5N1 viruses have jumped back into wild birds, and recent outbreaks in domestic poultry resembled H5N1 in dairy cows.

In an editorial Egg-News said “APHIS Needs a New Approach to Control HPAIr.” They recommend that USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) adopt vaccination as a disease control strategy for bird flu, with promising results from clinical trials. In May 2023, the U.S. authorized the vaccination of California condors against a type of avian flu.

Also, the USDA has approved field trials to test vaccines that could prevent dairy cows from getting the H5N1 strain of bird flu. The USDA approved the first field trials for the vaccine in September 2024. The USDA’s Center of Veterinary Biologics (CVB) is overseeing the trials. At least 24 companies are working on the vaccine, including Zoetis and Merck Animal Health.

If vaccines can save the U.S. poultry and dairy industry over the next year, the industry may have to worry about who heads up the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the agency which authorizes vaccines for animals and humans. Nominee Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. has made it clear he is anti-vaccine but has yet to comment on the use of vaccines in agriculture if he is confirmed for the role.

[trustygaragerepairplanotexas]

New Garage Door Pricing in Plano, Texas

Plano Garage Door Pricing Breakdown: Understanding Your Investment

Roll-up Commercial Garage Door Installation in Plano, TX

Choosing the right garage door goes beyond just its appearance—it's a valuable investment in your home's security, energy efficiency, and curb appeal. For residents of Plano, TX, knowing the key pricing factors is essential in making an informed and budget-conscious decision. This guide provides an in-depth look at what affects the cost of your garage door installation, helping you plan your project with confidence.

Understanding the Full Investment

When planning your garage door budget, it’s important to factor in all costs, not just the door itself. The price can range from a few hundred dollars for basic models to thousands for custom options. Key elements such as materials, size, insulation, and additional features all influence the final price.

Factors that Impact Garage Door Costs

Material Selection

Different materials come with varying price points and benefits, according to Home Guide:

Steel: Durable and low-maintenance, steel doors cost between $800 and $2,500.

Aluminum: Lightweight and rust-resistant, aluminum doors range from $700 to $2,000.

Wood: Natural and traditional, but high-maintenance, with prices from $1,200 to $4,000.

Fiberglass: Lightweight, weather-resistant, and wood-like in appearance, priced from $800 to $1,800.

Vinyl: Resilient and low-maintenance, costing $1,000 to $2,500. 2. Size and Configuration

Door dimensions directly affect both materials and labor:

Single Doors: Typically 8-10 feet wide, ranging from $500 to $2,500.

Double Doors: Wider, usually 12–16 feet, with prices from $800 to $4,500.

Custom Sizes: Custom designs add 15–30% to the overall cost. 3. Insulation Options

Insulated doors boost energy efficiency, especially in extreme climates:

Non-Insulated: Ideal for mild climates, starting around $500.

Single-Layer Insulation: Moderate temperature control, priced between $800 and $2,000.

Double-Layer/Foam-Injected Insulation: Premium energy efficiency, costing $1,500 to $4,000. 4. Design and Style Your design choice influences both aesthetic and cost:

Traditional Raised Panel: Classic look, priced between $600 and $1,800.

Carriage House Style: Rustic appeal, typically between $1,200 and $3,500.

Modern Glass & Aluminum: Sleek, contemporary designs range from $2,000 to $5,000.

Custom Designs: Unique and fully personalized, ranging from $3,000 to over $10,000. 5. Added Features and Accessories

Enhancements can elevate both functionality and security:

Security Features: Smart locks ($200–$500) and reinforced frames ($100–$500) enhance security.

Aesthetic Upgrades: Windows ($100–$500) and decorative hardware ($50–$300) add style.

Smart Technology: Wi-Fi-enabled openers ($150–$300) and keypads ($50–$150) offer convenience.

Installation and Maintenance Costs Professional Installation Labor costs in Plano range from $200 to $600, depending on door complexity. Additional work like door removal or electrical upgrades can increase costs by $50–$200 and $50–$100 per hour, respectively.

Maintenance & Repair Regular maintenance helps extend your door’s lifespan:

Routine Maintenance: Professional check-ups cost around $75–$150 annually.

Maintenance Plans: Yearly plans ($100 to $200) include regular upkeep and repair discounts.

Repair Costs:

Minor Repairs: Fixing rollers, hinges, or weather stripping costs $50 to $150.

Major Repairs: Replacing springs or adjusting tracks can range from $200 to $400.

Get a Custom Quote

To get an accurate estimate, contact a trusted garage door professional in Plano who can assess your needs and offer a tailored quote. By balancing upfront costs with long-term savings, you’ll make a smart investment in your home’s security and style. If you're interested in having garage doors installed in Plano, Texas, or nearby areas, contact us today. We understand that you want to read reviews to know how reliable and trustworthy our services are. Read reviews, learn more about us, and contact us through our MapQuest and BBB accounts. Follow us on our social media accounts and listings:

Our HotFrog Account (to read reviews about us and our services)

Our Manta Account (to read reviews about us)

Our MySpace Account (our portfolio)

Address to our company (Apple)

Address to our company (Bing)