#occupancy code estimate

[asestimationsconsultants]

Why a Commercial Estimating Service Is Essential for Mixed-Use Development Projects

Mixed-use development projects combine residential, commercial, hospitality, and sometimes institutional or cultural spaces into a single cohesive plan. While these projects offer vibrant, multi-functional communities and increased land-use efficiency, they also come with high complexity in both design and budgeting. A commercial estimating service is essential in navigating this complexity, helping stakeholders control costs, balance program requirements, and streamline planning from preconstruction through completion.

Understanding the Complexity of Mixed-Use Projects

Unlike single-purpose developments, mixed-use projects demand coordination between multiple functions—each with its own codes, building systems, and operational needs. Residential units may require soundproofing, individual HVAC units, and different egress requirements compared to commercial spaces. Retail tenants often have unique build-out requirements. Hospitality components may call for luxury finishes and complex mechanical systems.

A commercial estimating service brings structure to this multifaceted picture. Estimators break down the development into clearly defined zones, identify distinct cost drivers within each use, and prepare segmented estimates that allow developers to see how each component affects the total project cost.

Supporting Phased Construction and Cash Flow Planning

Mixed-use projects are often developed in phases due to financing, permitting, or logistical constraints. For instance, a developer may prioritize the retail podium and parking garage before proceeding with upper-level residential or hotel components.

Commercial estimating services support phased planning by producing detailed construction cost breakdowns by stage. This allows developers to align funding disbursements with construction sequencing and helps financial institutions assess risk based on projected cash flow needs.

Accounting for Shared Infrastructure

Mixed-use buildings typically rely on shared infrastructure—such as common mechanical rooms, centralized elevators, or joint-use amenities like lobbies, fitness centers, and parking structures. Allocating the costs of these shared systems accurately across the different uses is vital for budgeting, accounting, and financing.

Estimators evaluate how shared systems are used across program types and assign costs proportionally. This is especially important when different ownership structures are involved, such as when retail is held by one entity and residential by another.

Navigating Diverse Code Requirements

Each use within a mixed-use building is subject to specific building codes, occupancy classifications, fire safety standards, and ADA accessibility mandates. For example, a restaurant tenant may require commercial-grade ventilation and fire suppression systems, while hotel units may need emergency power and elevator recall.

A commercial estimating service works closely with architects, engineers, and code consultants to ensure that these varied code requirements are identified and accurately priced. This avoids surprises during plan review and ensures the project remains compliant without triggering costly redesigns.

Managing Tenant Improvements and Flexibility

Retail and commercial tenants often negotiate for custom build-outs and improvements beyond base building construction. These can include upgraded flooring, lighting, storefronts, signage, and even plumbing or kitchen installations.

Estimators provide separate allowances or hard numbers for these improvements, depending on lease terms and tenant agreements. This ensures both landlords and tenants understand their financial responsibilities and can plan accordingly. Where flexibility is needed for future changes in occupancy, the estimating service can price adaptable infrastructure (e.g., movable walls or modular utility connections).

Supporting Financial Feasibility and Pro Forma Development

One of the most critical early tasks in a mixed-use development is determining whether the project “pencils out.” Estimators play a key role by feeding accurate, data-backed construction costs into financial models. This enables developers to calculate projected returns, identify financing gaps, and secure investment based on realistic cost assessments.

If preliminary costs exceed target budgets, the estimating service can assist in value engineering—offering options that reduce costs while preserving project quality and functionality.

Enabling Efficient Procurement and Scheduling

With multiple project components running in parallel, procurement needs to be strategically managed. Items such as curtain walls, elevators, and mechanical systems may serve multiple building areas and must be ordered with precise specifications and lead times.

A commercial estimating service helps map out procurement schedules by forecasting long-lead items and aligning order timelines with construction phases. This prevents bottlenecks and enables better coordination across trades and suppliers.

Enhancing Owner and Stakeholder Communication

Mixed-use projects often involve multiple stakeholders—municipalities, investors, joint-venture partners, anchor tenants, and future residents. A clear, structured cost estimate enhances communication by showing how funds will be spent and which portions of the project account for the greatest investment.

By offering segmented and visualized estimates, commercial estimating services make it easier for all parties to understand the financial scope of the project and build confidence in the development team’s planning capabilities.

Conclusion

The integrated nature of mixed-use developments presents both opportunity and complexity. A commercial estimating service serves as the financial compass that helps developers navigate this intricate landscape. From phased construction and shared infrastructure to diverse codes and tenant expectations, estimators bring clarity, precision, and adaptability to ensure these ambitious projects remain financially viable and strategically sound. In the world of mixed-use construction, accurate cost estimation isn’t just beneficial—it’s indispensable.

[lovelyisadora]

it isn’t the end of the semester but i’m already having my end of the semester breakdown oh my GOD I am going to have a heart attack. sprite save me

[mariacallous]

Donald Trump’s recent election victory is fueling international speculation over a possible deal to end the war in Ukraine. For now, much of the debate remains centered on what kinds of concessions Ukraine may be willing to make in order to secure a negotiated peace. However, the real question is whether Russian President Vladimir Putin has any interest at all in ending his invasion. The available evidence suggests that he does not. On the contrary, Putin appears to be as committed as ever to his goal of extinguishing Ukrainian statehood entirely.

For many years, Putin has publicly questioned the Ukrainian nation’s right to exist. He has repeatedly stated that he sees today’s independent Ukraine as an artificial state, and regards all those who disagree with this verdict as anti-Russian forces or outright Nazis. For more than a decade, he has sought to turn this toxic vision into reality via an escalating campaign of military aggression.

When Putin embarked on the latest stage of his campaign to destroy Ukraine in February 2022, he declared that the goals of his full-scale invasion were the “demilitarization” and denazification” of the country. During abortive spring 2022 peace negotiations in Istanbul, it became apparent that Russia’s interpretation of demilitarization would have left Ukraine disarmed and defenseless.

Putin’s representatives during the Istanbul talks called for the Ukrainian army to be drastically reduced to a minimal force of just 50,000 troops, with strict limits also placed on the amount of armor and types of missiles Ukraine could possess. Meanwhile, Russia would face no such restrictions. Crucially, the Kremlin demanded complete Ukrainian neutrality and insisted on retaining a veto over any international military aid to Kyiv in the event of renewed hostilities. These punishing terms leave little room for doubt that Putin’s intention was to place Ukraine completely at his mercy and in no position to resist the next stage of Russian aggression.

The implications of “denazification” are even more ominous. Putin has long accused Ukraine of being a “Nazi state,” despite the fact that the country has a popularly elected Jewish president and no far-right politicians in government. In reality, “denazification” is Kremlin code for the complete eradication of a separate Ukrainian national identity. In other words, Putin pretends to be fighting fascism order to legitimize his criminal goal of a Ukraine without Ukrainians.

The grim consequences of Putin’s “denazification” policies are already evident throughout Russian-occupied Ukraine. In regions of the country currently under Kremlin control, all traces of Ukrainian statehood and national identity are being ruthlessly purged. Ukrainian children are forced to study a Kremlin curriculum that demonizes Ukraine while glorifying the invasion of their country. Adults must accept Russian citizenship if they wish to access basic services such as pensions and healthcare.

Anyone regarded as a potential threat to the Russian occupation authorities is at risk of deportation, abduction, torture, or execution. While it is impossible to determine exact figures, it is estimated that thousands of Ukrainian civilians have been detained since February 2022. In most cases, relatives of detainees have no way of knowing if they are still alive. Britain’s The Economist recently described conditions in Russian-occupied Ukraine as a “totalitarian hell.” It is a very specific vision of hell that has been designed to remove all traces of Ukraine and impose an imperial Russian identity.

The most obvious indication of Russia’s genocidal intent in Ukraine has been the mass deportation of Ukrainian children, with thousands abducted and transferred to a system of camps where they are subjected to indoctrination in order to rob them of their Ukrainian heritage and turn them into loyal Kremlin subjects. In March 2023, the International Criminal Court in The Hague issued an arrest warrant for Vladimir Putin in relation to these abductions. The UN’s 1948 Genocide Convention recognizes “forcibly transferring children of the group to another group” as an act of genocide.

Russia’s own actions since February 2022 have made a mockery of the arguments used by the Kremlin to justify the war. At the start of the full-scale invasion, Putin claimed to be defending the rights of Russian-speaking Ukrainians in the east of the country. However, the Russian army has since killed tens of thousands of predominantly Russian-speakers in eastern Ukraine, while reducing dozens of towns and cities across the region to rubble.

Likewise, Russia’s attempts to justify the attack on Ukraine by painting it as a response to NATO enlargement have been largely debunked by Putin himself. When neighboring Finland and Sweden responded to Russia’s invasion by announcing plans in spring 2022 to abandon decades of neutrality and join NATO, Putin was quick to declare that Russia had “no problem” with the move. This indifference was particularly striking as Finnish accession more than doubled Russia’s NATO border, while Swedish membership transformed the strategically vital Baltic Sea into a NATO lake.

Putin has since gone even further, withdrawing the bulk of Russian troops from the Finnish border and leaving it largely undefended. Based on Putin’s remarkably relaxed response to NATO’s recent Nordic enlargement, it seems safe to conclude that he does not in fact view the NATO alliance as a security threat to Russia itself, and has merely exploited the issue as a smokescreen for his own imperial ambitions in Ukraine.

As Donald Trump attempts to implement his campaign promise and end the war in Ukraine, he is likely to discover that his famed deal-making skills are no match for Putin’s single-minded obsession with the destruction of Ukraine. In words and deeds, Putin has repeatedly demonstrated his commitment to wiping Ukraine off the map. In such circumstances, any talk of a compromise settlement is dangerously delusional. Until Putin is forced to recognize Ukraine’s right to exist, any peace deals will be temporary and the threat of further Russian aggression will remain.

[covid-safer-hotties]

Also preserved on our archive

By Geoff Hanmer

Later this week the government will receive the report of the year-long independent inquiry into its handling of the COVID pandemic.

Among the issues it will have to contend with is air quality, in particular the air quality in high occupancy public buildings such as schools, aged-care facilities, shops, pubs and clubs.

Many already have high quality air. High-fitration air conditioning (so-called mechanical ventilation) is standard in offices, hospitals and shopping centres.

But not in schools. Almost all of our schools (98% in NSW) use windows.

In Australia’s national construction code, this is called “natural ventilation” and it is allowed so long as the window, opening or door has a ventilating area of not less than 5% of the floor area, a requirement research suggests is insufficient.

Windows, but no requirement to keep them open There’s no requirement to actually open the windows. School windows are often shut to keep in the heat in (or to keep out the heat in summer).

The result can be very, very stuffy classrooms, far stuffier than we would tolerate in shopping centres. This matters for learning. Study after study has found that when air circulation gets low, people can’t concentrate well or learn well.

And they get sick. Diseases such as flu, COVID and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) spread when viruses get recirculated instead of diluted with fresh air.

The costs of the resulting sickness are borne by students, parents, teachers and education systems that need to find replacement staff to cover for teachers who are sick and parents who need to look after sick children at home.

A pilot study prepared for the Australian Research Council Centre for Advanced Building Systems Against Airborne Infection (known as “Thrive”), suggests the entire cost of installing high-filtration air conditioning in every Australian school would be offset by the savings in reduced sickness.

What Classroom Air is Like The study carried out by the education architecture firm ARINA compared the ventilation of 60 so-called naturally ventilated schools in southern NSW and the Australian Capital Territory to that of a school in Sydney that happened to have been fitted with a Standards Australia-compliant air conditioning system to control aircraft noise.

It used carbon dioxide levels to measure ventilation. Carbon dioxide is a good proxy for ventilation because its levels are determined by both the number of people breathing out concentrated carbon dioxide and the clean air available to dilute it.

Under a normal load, defined as 26 students, one teacher and one assistant, measured levels of carbon dioxide in the air-conditioned school stayed below 750 parts per million (ppm) and were typically between 500 and 600 ppm.

A reading of 700 ppm is particularly good. It means the people in the room breathe in less than 0.5% of air breathed out by others.

But in “naturally ventilated” classrooms the reading often climbed to 2,500 ppm and sometimes more, within an hour of a class commencing.

At 2,500 parts per million, people in the room are breathing in 5.5% of the air breathed out by others. This is also high enough to affect cognition, learning and behaviour, something that begins when carbon dioxide climbs above 1,200 ppm.

Research suggests using ventilation to cut carbon dioxide to 700 ppm can cut the risk of airborne transmission of disease by a factor of two and up to five.

The economic case for healthy air In 2023, Australia had 9,629 schools with 4,086,998 students.

ARINA has previously estimated the cost of ensuring all of these schools are mechanically ventilated at A$2 billion per year over five years.

Offsetting that cost would be less sickness. Documents released under freedom of information laws show Victoria spent $360.8 million on casual relief teachers between May 2023 and May 2024, 54% more than before COVID in 2019.

The figures for other states are harder to get, but if Victoria (with 26% of Australia’s population) is spending $234 million more per year on casual relief teachers than before COVID, it is likely that Australia is spending $900 million per year more.

Add in the teachers in non-government schools (37% of Australia’s total) and the potential saving from air conditioning schools exceeds $1 billion per year.

Add in the other non-COVID viruses that would no longer be concentrated and circulated in classrooms and the potential savings grow higher still.

Worth more than $1 billion per year And, in any event, the cost of replacement teachers is a woefully incomplete measure of the cost of illness in schools. Many ill teachers can’t be replaced because replacements aren’t available, making schools cancel lessons and combine classes, costing days, weeks and sometimes months of lost education.

Also, the bacteria and viruses spread by recirculated air infect students as well as teachers, keeping students (and often their parents) at home as well.

This suggests the costs per year of not air conditioning schools exceed $1 billion and may well approach or exceed $2 billion, which is the estimated cost per year over five years of air conditioning every Australian school.

Natural ventilation was never a good idea for classrooms: it was cheap at the time, but not cheap at all when the costs are considered. Those costs happen to extend beyond disease to thermal comfort, energy use and the ability of students to concentrate.

It’s time we gave students and teachers the kind of protections we demand for ourselves in our offices, our shopping centres and often our homes. It would soon pay for itself.

[mbta-unofficial]

If your city is a Brand, it’s already too late

Long post time. What is it that drives gentrification? Also, what is gentrification? Is it when a city gets blue hair and pronouns? No, it probably already had those.

Gentrification is the result of concentration of wealth in the hands of business owners, including landlords, over and above the hands of residents.

Let’s start with rent. Rent, like any good, is priced according to the laws of supply and demand. Supply of available rental housing is primarily determined by construction costs and estimated return on investment for new construction, and property management costs and estimated return on investment for existing units.

Breaking that down a bit, the higher construction costs get the higher the rent needs to be to break even on new construction. Construction costs include labor (which can always go down but you want it high for moral and practical reasons), materials (highly variable depending on the project) and bureaucratic costs. A bureaucratic cost is a cost that is based on how projects fit into the legal and practical environment, and are usually non-negotiable. Dig Safe, a program which requires three days of surveying local records before breaking ground, is an example where the function is to prevent crews from flattening a neighborhood by puncturing a gas main. Environmental Impact Statements, Fire Codes, Habitability Guidelines, and other regulations increase costs to projects. These programs are good and need to exist, but do stop smaller projects from happening at all because the capital investment required just to actually break ground on a new house might cost as much as the land and materials put together at which point you might as well build another 120$/sqft luxury midrise.

Property management costs for existing units are largely dependent on age and wear. A unit with no occupant is going to depreciate little, and may also appreciate in value. Depreciation and appreciation here are sort of unintuitive because they can happen at the same time. Imagine an old luxury sports car with a high resale price. Driving depreciates the value because it’s literal condition is poorer, even as the resale value goes up over time. The appreciation needs to beat both inflation and the value of depreciation for it to go up in real value. For companies with large capital holdings however, losses such as through the upkeep of empty apartment buildings are useful to a point because they reduce these organizations’s tax burdens. A company that makes a killing on the stock market only has to pay taxes if they keep it: if they buy houses they then don’t rent, they can claim they “lost” their stock market earnings with “bad investments” and then pay no tax while saving the real estate to rent later. Again, this favors the largest possible projects and the largest possible operators because small companies can be killed by an unprofitable quarter or 4 while large ones explicitly benefit from unprofitability in reducing their tax burden.

Expected ROI is the final piece of this, which affects both new and existing units. Every private developer and landlord wants to make as much money as they can, unless they are explicitly are renting as a service. An example of renting as a service would be families, who will rent to each other at favorable rates or for free, privileging people with large and/or wealthy families that are friendly with each other. Now, ROI is also subject to supply and demand. Everyone wants to build 120$/sqft luxury apartments but once everybody does nobody can sell/rent for those prices without setting a price floor and waiting for buyers to catch up. If you are a small developer, you can’t afford to do this. Your expenses will eat you alive. If you are a big developer, though, those expenses are offsetting the gains you make and serving to reduce you tax bill. Units at prices nobody can pay are effectively furloughed, meaning off the market, and, so long as they remain cheap to maintain, will remain that way, artificially restricting supply. It doesn’t matter if it’s for sale or not when it’s at a price you can’t afford. (Sidebar, anyone who tells you that the minimum wage depresses hiring because it artificially restricts demand is lying to you. It’s not strictly false, but like the above it’s a multi-variable equation and blanket statements about cost of labor are aimed at killing wages.)

What this alludes to also is a need for greater income equality. In order for rental to be a competitive option with furlough, not only does the price of furlough have to be increased, the real value of wages have to be increased in order to create opportunities for people to splurge. This is a twofold strategy, of both increasing the rewards of putting units on the market and increasing the costs of keeping them off. If real wages barely cover cost of living, or don’t cover cost of living, nobody can realistically spend more real wages on rent regardless of the percentage of their income it is. (Real wages here refers to the political power implied by dollar wages. A dollar is really worth whatever it can be exchanged for, whether that is a candy bar or a square inch of a 144$/sqft condo) The real value of everything except time and land are also constantly going down because of constant improvements in manufacturing. The cost in acres of land and hours of labor of a pound of beef, a bolt of cloth, or a pint of beer have dropped dramatically in the last century. Unfortunately, land is one of the few things that remains in marxist terms uncommodifiable, because it cannot be fully abstracted from the physical properties that make it valuable and we can’t make more of it just by making a better machine. This means that as the real value of things goes down because of supply and demand, the value of land only goes up because the supply is hard capped. If the value of everything under capitalism must go down because of increased production, while the value of capitalist assets must go up, or the system collapses, it makes sense that land would become a fixed point in that equation, the marxist speed of light observable from all reference points. The best approximation of land as commodity is, what else, apartments, which make available as living space the empty air above us. Because production never stops, the value of everything but land must go down. Therefore, as time passes, the price of land, and hence the price of housing, must tend upwards. Therefore, in order for housing to remain affordable, real wages must grow. This is the opposite of what is currently happening, as real wages have gone down for decades.

This income inequality which is one facet of capitalism is not new. For as long as people have lived in urban areas there have been issues between the abject class, the working class, the ruling class, and the professional class, a four part distinction I will seriously argue for in opposition to a lot of marxist theorists. The ruling and working classes ought to be familiar, or at least self explanatory. However, the other two classes I identify, the professionals and the abject, are useful to this analysis because they fill both a racial gap in the primarily marxist analysis I put forward and identify the two most likely groups to rent, which is to say the worker who works to produce but owns without governing and the professional who works to govern but does not own. The ruling class both governs and owns, but its court is full of courtiers who are there to push various agendas from within the rule of law without per se producing. Likewise, the working class pensioner exists in opposition to the abject who is denied the opportunity or the resources to be productive explicitly as a means to manufacture a threat against which inter-class solidarity between the workers and the rulers is developed. The textbook nazi conspiracy theory about “elites” doing a great racial replacement picks out perfectly what I mean by both the racial character of the professional and the abject and their utilization to foster solidarity between your plumber uncle and Elon Musk. This is relevant to both the broad theme of gentrification and the narrow theme of rent because gentrification is a wedge issue that divides the working class and the professional class far more than its impact on any other. The working class’ disidentification with doctors, lawyers, PMCs and other yuppie types, as well as the professional class’ disidentification with union politics, illegalism, and radicalism in general is brought to firecrackers in virtually any conversation about gentrification which seems in passing to be more about tapas bars than about real politics. Likewise, these groups shared distrust of and disdain for the abject, who are explicitly labeled by the state as constitutionally guilty, is the basis for the very broken windows policing strategy that empties neighborhoods of minorities regardless of class. The Rent is Too Damn High, and excluding homeless people from the “working” working class is a big part of how we got here specifically because the interests of small time owners and small time government functionaries, carried to their conclusions, are necessarily self defeating. These two groups eliminate the presence of the abject from their spaces at their own financial peril.

In addition to class, there is also a specific historical movement that is crucial to the understanding of gentrification as it exists, which is the movement of factories in search of cheap labor. The United States is not a good place to find cheap urban labor. You build a factory and suddenly everyone complains about air quality and labor violations and you can’t just kill them because everyone has lawyers. You kill one (us citizen) organizer and the NLRB is trying to get you in court for intimidation. What’s the country come to? But a shipping container costs a quarter cent per mile and the goods aren’t perishable so you go to Guangzhou or Cape Town where you can kill union bosses in peace. But for the American city, that’s a loss of what once made land prime real estate. What jobs can replace the insatiable demand for labor that a 24 hour paper mill once produced? Service labor, which crucially is site specific and therefore not outsourceable, is what the US has predominantly turned to. (and arms manufacturing which is not outsourced for very different reasons) However, service labor is only in demand if there is already a stable population that can be served, which requires a constant influx of capital holders in demand of service. This is why Airbnb exists and is hollowing out rental availability, why Boston as a college town is the way it is, and why there are in fact so many damn tapas bars. Fred Salveucci talked about being able to go north of the expressway in the 70s and being able to get a plate of mac and beans for half a buck. I went looking for a 5$ slice of pizza on my lunch break today around Government Center and found two places that were boarded up and ended up spending 20$ at Chilacates. Cities are being slowly turned into Cancun, complete with the fences to keep out the homeless.

What can be done about this? Obviously the factors we’ve discussed that favor consolidation of housing are mostly either contained within a gordion’s knot of tax policy or intrinsic to capitalism/goods as commodities. But, given that we narrow our objectives to making the rent lower, some obvious weaknesses jump out: increasing the cost of vacancy forces units out of furlough, because companies are no longer able to justify the losses, and increasing real wages increases the availability of capital for workers to spend on rent. These are the prongs I talked about earlier.

Legal means to pursue each prong exist. Both a minimum wage and a maximum wage, depending on their implementation, can potentially increase real wages, and vacancy taxes directly increase the costs of vacancy. The government can also ignore the market and directly mandate maximum rents within certain parameters. This tends to decrease the long term supply of housing for the reasons discussed at the outset, given that if the revenues from house building don’t cover the costs of building, less gets built. However, any political movement that exists exclusively within the white lines of the law fails to genuinely threaten change. Landlords, like bosses, break the law constantly with the impunity that a lawyer provides them against consequence. This is why a healthy dose of illegalism is an important part of any effective political movement. The most direct action one can take is property occupation, or squatting. Squatter’s rights are nearly non-existent in the United States. The most leeway that any state grants to any unknown persons occupying a dwelling is 60 days notice to vacate the property, and there are states that allow no notice evictions or lack statutes governing squatting at all. Every single state regards the occupation of owned property as trespassing, meaning most kinds of squatting are prosecutable offenses. However, squatting, even temporarily in ways that don’t expose the squatter to liability provided they don’t get caught, can seriously impact the value of properties. You have heard of rent lowering gunshots. This is the serious version of that. At the same time, illegal action needs legal defense, both in terms of non-compliance with police to protect those willing to take illegal actions from arrest and in terms of legal, 1st amendment protected disruption to keep focus on the issue. The most effective movements have a radical wing and a institutionalist wing who do not acknowledge each other but share the same tactics and objectives.

If you are housed, you need to be willing to protect and support homeless people because they are your front line. Start or join an Occupy movement, where they are your peers in occupying a public space illegally in a way that is too public to prosecute. Give to people on the street, and smash anti-homeless architecture if nobody is watching. Be willing to distract cops if you see someone doing something dodgy so they can get away. Remember that following the law is a tactic, and so is breaking it.

The case for this being on my transit blog is arguably weak, but I felt compelled after a particularly hateful experience looking at facebook memes about homeless people on the T. You should want those people there. You should want those people breaking down the doors of luxury apartments and setting up shop. You should want them keeping your city safe because the cops you hire to separate you from them will train their guns on you next.

And for gods sake, don’t let your city become a brand. Branding is marketing. Branding is clean, and bloodless, and a gloved hand around your throat that leaves no fingerprints.

[youareiron-andyouarestrong]

💛 rebelcaptain please 🥺

reunion kiss / relief

He doesn't like it when she's gone.

True, their respective occupations (spies, thieves, saboteurs, rebels) aren't exactly conducive to a thriving domestic life. They carve out pockets here and there, between missions. Moments in his quarters, in the cockpit of his ship. In hidden corridors on Yavin. But Jyn's been assigned to the Pathfinders for this mission, and it was estimated to take about three weeks. That was already four weeks ago, and anxiety has been a low-level hum in the back of Cassian's mind since. He knows that Jyn can take care of herself. Hell, she can take care of herself and the entire team, if it comes down to it. Does it make him selfish or cowardly to hope that it doesn't come down to that? He would take her safe return over a dozen successful missions, if that's not the most terrifying thought. He can count on Bodhi to try to distract him, or Kay to run statistics and data by him; the odds of Jyn's return are "mid-to-high chance of likelihood," as Kay says. That's practically a joyful song by Kay's standards, but nothing will reassure Cassian until Jyn is standing before him, whole and unharmed. He cuts through the hanger, on his way to his quarters to grab a datapad Draven asked for. He's been at loose ends, admittedly, for the last week, doing recoding and updating programming on any droid that needs it, or working out new codes and aliases for other operatives to use. Draven would've sent him on a mission, but Majors don't get sent on anything greater than pure infiltration and retrieval. (Cassian might've refused point blank to go if Jyn wasn't back yet, but he doesn't think he can take it that far. Not yet.) Kay meets him in the corridor just outside his quarters, looming up an iron pillar. "You are expected at a briefing in half an hour." "Half an hour?" Cassian echoes, startled. "I thought it was sooner." "I am not your protocol droid," says Kay sternly. "I only convey the information that is told to me." A patent falsehood, but never mind. "Half an hour, Cassian." Kay stumps down the hallway, as Cassian shakes his head. He trusts Kay's scheduling abilities, but it seems a little odd, and arbitrary for him to insist on this particular time--

He steps into his quarters and stops, the panel sliding shut behind him soundlessly. Jyn is there, in the very process of tossing down her kit bag, turning to face the opening and closing door. She freezes momentarily in surprise, those star-filled eyes widening as she takes him in. "Cass," she says. "I was just coming to find you--" He doesn't even think, he just moves. Surges towards her with no other thought but overwhelming relief, like a bone that's been snapped into place, and pain removed--

He catches her in his arms and kisses her, fiercely glad, and Jyn's arms wrap around his neck in response. He has to nearly lift her off her feet to get their faces level; he doesn't care. He can count on Jyn to wrap her legs around his waist like she's scaling a tree, her hands clenched in his hair. Her mouth tastes like caf and sugar, her hair smells like ozone. It's the safest he's felt in weeks. Finally, the need for breath draws them both apart, and he lowers her down to the ground, their foreheads pressed together. "Welcome home," he tells her quietly, their breath mingling.

"Hi," Jyn says, a little breathless. He tries not to feel too smug about it. "Not that I'm complaining, but what brought this on?"

He manages a little shrug, as they're still wrapped around each other. "I missed you." He says it like a secret, like an oath. "I see," Jyn says softly, nuzzling his cheek with her nose. "Well, according to Tall, Dark and Grumpy out there, we have half an hour. Why don't you show me how much?" He's only too glad to.

[angelesca]

𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐬𝐜𝐚'𝐬 𝐝𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐤𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐠! 17/12/24

!hints for my hsr winter fic, come take a peek at my genshin drafts!

my winter celebration is in the works! ngl i have no faith that i will finifhs by cheriistmas btw why is my house in the sims burning down rn smh im busy here

here's a preview of my work! (stc) ☆⌒(ゝ。∂)

a melodic bell chimes as the door of serval’s workshop bursts open. “emergency! emergency!”  you look up from the counter, pausing your tidying of the toolbox. a blonde child is waving her arms at you enthusiastically. “what’s up, hook?”  “christmas! christmas!” perched on a stool, serval stops strumming her guitar, curious. “christmas? what’s wrong with christmas?” hook points an accusing finger at you. “it’s almost christmas but you’re~ still~ single~!” your mouth gapes open.

hook as your matchmaker ftw. basically it's going on wintry dates w/ belobog guys, so expect more shennanigans! all stc tho! given the timeframe i have, i think it'll be a shorter piece probably.

after this, i have ideas on what i wanna try next. these are for genshin since my childe fic is lonely huhu (个_个)

1. fantasy rpg au! :a guild of wonderful, and wacky, whimisical warriors (stc)

characters will have different rpg roles! e.g. warrior, mage, bard etc. and the reader recruits random characters. imagine healer qiqi who keeps forgetting who her allies are so she heals her enemies, or mage neuvillette and his apprentice furina and its giving mob psycho where furina is reigan and neuvillette is mob

2. private investigators au! :teyvat sleuth operatives (stc)

this is a rotting draft so i thought why not pick it up again. i have some stuff for alhaitham and wriothesley so here's some of what i wrote cuz tis' the season for joy☆⌒(ゝ。∂):

alhaitham - i was thinking estranged childhood friends. so. angst and arguing maybe. idk why alhaitham fits the childhood friend trope so good.

you turn towards the window overlooking the dark cityscape. endless cars swim along the slippery roads, dreaming of a warmer destination. shoals of blinking lights ferry up the current of the black night sea. the mechanical clicking of keyboards clogs your ears. the office is fairly empty, except for you and one other occupant. worse, it's the one person you never want to be alone with.  and, as luck would have it, it just so happens that that very same person is here.

wriothesley - why is wriothesley british coded anyways im thinking friendly coworker with lots of action pewpewpewp! spoilers: he rides a motorbike bc i say so

wriothesley crosses his arms, raising an eyebrow. “it's a guy i’ve been tailing recently. turns out, he frequents this area.” “i see. what does he look like?” “if i recall: male, estimated to be in his 30’s, balding, green eyes, last seen in a grey hoodie, about 168cm.” you gaze at the desolate street behind wriothesley, concentrating. male, balding, green eyes, grey hoodie… about 168cm, and...? “uuh, wasnt that just him?” you point at the man slugging behind wriothesley, lazily jogging by the two of you. the bald crater makes his head look like a nest. wriothesley follows your gesture of direction and his mouth droops open. his eyes chase the suspect, leaning over, but forgets to move his body. wriothesley almost falls off his stool. no way.

the other characters i have are: childe as your rival(he works at a rival agency), and ayato(?) as your boss. totally not an excuse to imagine uniforms, harnesses, and rolled up sleeves hahacbhwfcuqwdjuia this is all stc ofc! maybe i'll sketch some art too reeehhehehe

3. or. i could just write more smut lol (will only be posted on my ao3) here are some short prompts from my ideas list:

☆ they are dying but they want you so bad (im insane) ☆ fairytale retellings where characters, or reader, are the villain. so like red riding hood and a big bad wolf (what am i yapping about) ☆ characters being your "star-crossed" lover so lots of angst (good for the soul and mind)

also if anyone want to suggests further ideas, or even requests, feel free! my inbox is open 24/7!!! (ILL BE WAITING(ʘ ͜ʖ ʘ))

hopefully these updates are a good way to communicate with everyone. i feel bad for disappearing bc a) im busy b) i have no motivation to write c) i simply forgot i also write fanfic lol

anw im gonna play infinity nikki now bc my sims died

(i can hear mariah carey's high note) (see you in another 100 years!)

𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐟 𝐲𝐨𝐮'𝐯𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐞𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐤𝐚𝐠𝐞¬!

[onepiecewantedposter]

Meiko Shiraki

Name: Meiko Shiraki

Japanese name: 白木芽衣子

Romanized name: Shiraki Meiko

Epithet(s): "The Iron Watcher"

Code Name: "Vice President"

Human race

Occupations: Vice President of the Underground Student Council

Family: Unknown

Affiliations: Hachimitsu Academy

Reward Offered: 300,000,000 Berries

Capture: Dead or alive

Age: 17 years old (approximate age based on third-year student status

Date of Birth: Unknown

Height: 1.70 m (estimated)

Blood Group: Unknown

Origin: Japan (based on the location of Hachimitsu Academy)

Residence: Hachimitsu Academy

Status: Active

Reasons for capture: Excessive use of physical force, sadistic behavior, potential threat to the stability and order of the World Government.

Nombre: Meiko Shiraki

Nombre japonés: 白木 芽衣子

Nombre romanizado: Shiraki Meiko

Epíteto(s): "La Vigilante de Hierro"

Nombre Clave: "Vicepresidenta"

Raza: Humana

Ocupaciones: Vicepresidenta del Consejo Estudiantil Subterráneo

Familia: Desconocida

Afiliaciones: Academia Hachimitsu

Recompensa Ofrecida: 300,000,000 Berries

Captura: Vivo o muerto

Edad: 17 años (edad aproximada basada en su estatus de estudiante de tercer año

Fecha de Nacimiento: Desconocida

Altura: 1.70 m (estimado)

Grupo Sanguíneo: Desconocido

Origen: Japón (basado en la ubicación de la Academia Hachimitsu)

Residencia: Academia Hachimitsu

Estado: Activa

Motivos de captura: Uso excesivo de fuerza física, conducta sadista, potencial amenaza para la estabilidad y orden del Gobierno Mundial.

[rabbitindisguise]

Really appreciate the addition above, it describes the issue very well.

Also a collection of replies I thought really helped to explain the issue:

Something else that's important that supports the above ^ is that in order to become an academic you need a degree, and be able to network. If you can't do those two things then you're probably not going to become an academic. Poor people often simply can't afford those things and the options available to them (like state schools) don't have as many networking opportunities, or even stop before making it to a full bachelor's degree by only offering associates. The classes available to poor people are also often worse and lower quality, and the classes of more costly universities have more rigor and ungodly amounts of essays that no normal person working a job could do well on. These are all markers of privilege so someone who graduates already has a huge disparity between them and the rest of society. 62% of people in America simply do not have a bachelor's or higher. That means most people are not like you once you even get out of college with a bachelor's, nevermind getting into academia.

They've also studied this so what other folks and myself are saying isn't without evidence. It's known that wealth affects how likely someone is able to get into college (and therefore become someone who works in academia). Especially PhDs.

One study from 2022 (bold mine):

Despite the special role of tenure-track faculty in society, training future researchers and producing scholarship that drives scientific and technological innovation, the sociodemographic characteristics of the professoriate have never been representative of the general population. Here we systematically investigate the indicators of faculty childhood socioeconomic status and consider how they may limit efforts to diversify the professoriate. Combining national-level data on education, income and university rankings with a 2017–2020 survey of 7,204 US-based tenure-track faculty across eight disciplines in STEM, social science and the humanities, we show that faculty are up to 25 times more likely to have a parent with a Ph.D. Moreover, this rate nearly doubles at prestigious universities and is stable across the past 50 years. Our results suggest that the professoriate is, and has remained, accessible disproportionately to the socioeconomically privileged, which is likely to deeply shape their scholarship and their reproduction.

[...]

(Proxied) parents’ income Faculty also tend to spend their childhoods in wealthier zip codes than do the general public (Fig. ​(Fig.4).4). The median proxied household income based on zip code data for surveyed faculty when they were children is 23.6% higher than the median across all zip codes (US $73,000 versus US $59,000, Mann–Whitney U, ρ = 0.4, n = 1.2 × 108, P < 0.001). Consistent with the importance of parental education on faculty careers, proxied parental income is correlated with parental education: faculty who reported that at least one of their parents holds a college degree were associated with higher average proxied household incomes (US $78,000) than those who said their parents did not hold a college degree (US $59,000; ρ = 0.3, n = 3,916, P < 0.001). Across disciplines, median proxied parental income remains relatively high, ranging from US $67,000 (Sociology) to US $78,000 (History). Faculty are more likely to have grown up in urban areas compared with the geographic distribution of the US population around the average year faculty were born (89.6% versus 73.6%, point estimates)35. And the majority of faculty reported that their parents owned a home during the first 18 years of their life (75.7% versus 13.4% said primarily rented, and 10.9% rented and owned equally, point estimates), higher than one would expect given rates in the United States at the time (62% of homes owned by their occupants in 196036). Hence, faculty tend to come from families with relatively stable childhood financial circumstances.

[...]

However, we do find evidence of racial differences within our survey results: white professors are more likely to have a parent with a Ph.D. (23.4%, n = 5,905, point estimate) compared with Black or Hispanic faculty (17.2% and 16.9%, respectively, n = 518, point estimates). This distinction is even more pronounced among women surveyed, where 25.5% of white women have a Ph.D. parent versus 14.6% of Black women (point estimates, Supplementary Table 3). To the extent that the probability of becoming faculty depends on parental education, and specifically on having Ph.D. parents, this large racial gap in Ph.D. attainment is an intergenerational impediment to the proportion of Black and Hispanic scholars who become tenure-track faculty.

[...]

To summarize, nearly a quarter (22.2%) of faculty reported that one of their parents holds a Ph.D., and over half (51.8%) had a parent who holds a graduate degree, compared with less than 10% of US adults of similar ages (Table ​(Table1).1). Faculty who have parents with Ph.D.s report receiving more support from them for their careers (Fig. ​(Fig.3)3) and are more likely to be employed at elite institutions. Nearly a third of faculty at top-ranked universities report that their parent holds a Ph.D. (29.8%), versus a fifth (19.0%) at lower-ranked institutions. This pattern represents a significant source of social reproduction at the highest levels of academic attainment. Moreover, given broader racial inequality in educational attainment, academia’s overrepresentation of inherited advantages represents a fundamental constraint to increasing its racial diversity (Fig. ​(Fig.55).

[...]

In fact, the importance of having Ph.D. parents appears so great that the rate of having them nearly doubles across the transition from completing a Ph.D. to obtaining a faculty job (11.8% versus 22.2%; Table Table1).1). This effect indicates a substantial loss of talent in the pipeline from Ph.D. to the transition to a faculty job. Doctoral students with Ph.D. parents may be better prepared for the difficulties of the academic job market, which may confer an advantage that becomes even greater during periods when academic jobs are scarce, for example, during a pandemic or a recession. Furthermore, the stability of this pattern across STEM fields, the social sciences and humanities suggests that the loss of talent at this stage in the pipeline is unlikely to be caused by the existence of attractive non-academic jobs for STEM Ph.D.s. Understanding the causes of this pattern is an important direction for future work.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9755046/

So we can pretty conclusively say that these stigmas about professional academics:

Living in an urban area

Having wealthier parents

Having college educated parents

Having parents that owned a home

Are all stigmas that people have that also have statistically proven significance for tenured professors with PhDs (and they're even true of regular college students- though I have included way too much text in this post already so that's a topic for another time). The increase in other non-tenured PhDs in academic work is a recent phenomena so it makes sense that any improvement wouldn't reflect on people's perception on this subject (and improvement simply by being gay isn't that high- remember that we're talking zip code and home ownership as factors of probability to represent proxied wealth! I know I had those despite being gay and poor and based on conversations with gay poor people in my university they often had those too- because proxied wealth still provides better school experiences for the lower classes).

Plus all college students have increased proxied wealth and social capital, and increasingly so when comparing public to private. So being hateful towards academics writ large because of our statistical likelihood of classism is reasonable, even if it feels unfair. Remember that owning money is not the only thing that the wealthy do- they can also discriminate and take part in microaggressions. This is often very obvious in offline academic queer spaces, where people who are poor are often unable to participate because of lack of access to the "correct" language, etc. We're on the internet right now and that's a privilege plenty of people don't have the luxury of outside public libraries, if that. I think in order to foster better goodwill it's going to mean naming and taking responsibility for our privileges that allowed us to enter college in the first place as part of a rigged system.

-

The other thing I wanted to mention is the "wealthy gay" phenomena. Where (historically) some gay people could find gay bars out of their own wallets and had to be catered to by the community in order to get that money, and were basically whales that the queer community relied on. People can have marginalization and have class privileges over other marginalized people in your community at the same time. I don't have more to add to this point, I just think it's important to mention that being underpaid and gay does not erase the wealth of your support system (or previous support system).

i'm always a bit unsettled by disdain for intellectual or creative labor in leftist spaces. there's this commonly held belief that academics are a bunch of rich old white men, rather than a wide variety of people who are barely getting by. most lecturers in universities are adjuncts living paycheck to paycheck. authors make very little money as a general rule. most researchers are overworked and underpaid. and yet there's still this idea that academics are overcompensated to sit around and smoke cigars together while making shit up

[vibrantlycunninglegacy]

Navigating Local Building Codes When Replacing Your Roof

Introduction

Replacing your roof can feel like a daunting task, especially when you consider the myriad factors involved, including local building codes. Understanding these codes is crucial https://www.southernroofingsystems.com/residential/roof-replacement/mobile-alabama to ensure safety, compliance, and quality workmanship. In this comprehensive guide, we'll delve deep into navigating local building codes when replacing your roof. We'll cover everything from the importance of hiring licensed roofing contractors to understanding roof repair estimates and costs.

Why Are Building Codes Important?

Building codes serve as regulations that govern construction practices within specific jurisdictions. They are designed to ensure safety, functionality, and accessibility in buildings. Here’s a breakdown of their significance:

Safety Standards: Building codes are primarily established to protect the occupants of structures from hazards such as fire, structural failure, and natural disasters.

Insurance Compliance: Many insurance companies require compliance with local building codes before issuing policies or providing coverage.

Property Value: Properly adhering to building codes can enhance property value by ensuring that renovations meet recognized safety standards.

The Role of Licensed Roofing Contractors

When it comes to replacing your roof, hiring licensed roofing contractors is not just a suggestion—it's essential. Here’s why:

Expertise: Licensed contractors possess the knowledge and experience necessary to navigate local building codes effectively.

Insurance Protection: A licensed contractor typically carries liability insurance, which protects you in case of an accident during the project.

Quality Assurance: These professionals understand best practices in roofing installation services and can guarantee high-quality work.

Understanding Different Types of Roofing Services

Navigating local building codes also requires an understanding of various roofing services available:

Residential Roofing Services

These services focus on homes and generally involve installation or replacement of shingles, tiles, or metal roofs.

Commercial Roofing Services

Commercial projects might require more specialized materials suitable for larger buildings or flat roofs.

Emergency Roofing Services

In cases where storm damage has occurred or leaks have developed suddenly, emergency services are essential for immediate repairs.

Roof Installation Services

Proper installation is critical for long-lasting performance; hence understanding your local code requirements during this phase is vital.

Factors Influencing Roof Replacement Costs

One consideration many homeowners face is determining the roof replacement cost. Various factors influence this price tag:

Material Choice: Different materials such as asphalt shingles or metal roofs come at varying costs.

Roof Size: Larger roofs will naturally incur higher labor and material costs.

Local Labor Rates: Depending on your region, labor rates may differ significantly.

Navigating Local B

[covid-safer-hotties]

Impact of COVID-19 on myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome-like illness prevalence: A cross-sectional survey - Published Sept 18, 2024

Abstract Background Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) can be triggered by infectious agents including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on ME/CFS prevalence is not well characterized.

Methods In this population-based cross-sectional study, we enrolled a stratified random sample of 9,825 adult participants in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) integrated health system from July to October 2022 to assess overall ME/CFS-like illness prevalence and the proportion that were identified following COVID-19 illness. We used medical record and survey data to estimate the prevalence of ME/CFS-like illness based on self-reported symptoms congruent with the 2015 Institute of Medicine ME/CFS criteria. History of COVID-19 was based on a positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid amplification test or ICD-10 diagnosis code in the medical record, or self-report of prior COVID-19 on a survey.

Results Of 2,745,374 adults in the eligible population, an estimated 45,892 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 32,869, 58,914) or 1.67% (CI 1.20%, 2.15%) had ME/CFS-like illness. Among those with ME/CFS-like illness, an estimated 14.12% (CI 3.64%, 24.6%) developed the illness after COVID-19. Among persons who had COVID-19, those with ME/CFS-like illness after COVID-19 were more likely to be unvaccinated and to have had COVID-19 before June 1, 2021. All persons with ME/CFS-like illness had significant impairment in physical, mental, emotional, social, and occupational functioning compared to persons without ME/CFS-like illness.

Conclusions In a large, integrated health system, 1.67% of adults had ME/CFS-like illness and 14.12% of all persons with ME/CFS-like illness developed it after COVID-19. Though COVID-19 did not substantially increase ME/CFS-like illness in the KPNC population during the study time period, ME/CFS-like illness nevertheless affects a notable portion of this population and is consistent with estimates of ME/CFS prevalence in other populations. Additional attention is needed to improve awareness, diagnosis, and treatment of ME/CFS.

[allindustryforcastreports]

Global VAV Systems Market by Type, Application, and Zone Control | Outlook to 2033

What Is a VAV System?

A variable air volume (VAV) system is a type of HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) technology designed to regulate indoor air distribution by adjusting the volume of airflow based on the heating or cooling requirements of specific zones. Unlike Constant Air Volume (CAV) systems that maintain steady airflow and vary temperature, VAV systems deliver air at a constant temperature while varying the amount of air supplied.

VAV systems are known for improving energy efficiency, enhancing occupant comfort, reducing noise, and providing better humidity control. These systems are commonly used in commercial buildings, hospitals, educational institutions, and industrial facilities.

To buy the report, click on https://www.datamintelligence.com/buy-now-page?report=variable-air-volume-systems-market

Market Overview & Size

The global Variable Air Volume (VAV) systems market was valued at approximately USD 14–15 billion in 2024 and is expected to reach USD 20 billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of around 6.2%. Some estimates even forecast growth exceeding USD 38 billion by 2034, driven by rising adoption in smart and sustainable building projects.

Regional distribution of market share highlights the following trends:

North America leads the global market, particularly the U.S., which accounts for nearly 45% of the market share.

Europe follows with about 30%, with Germany, France, and the UK driving demand.

Asia-Pacific is the fastest-growing region, supported by infrastructure development in countries like China, Japan, and India.The 

Middle East & Africa and Latin America are emerging markets with steady growth potential.To get a free sample report, click on https://www.datamintelligence.com/download-sample/variable-air-volume-systems-market

Market Drivers & Growth Opportunities

1. Energy Efficiency and Green Building Regulations

The implementation of green building codes and stringent energy-efficiency regulations across regions is a major driver for the adoption of VAV systems. Standards such as LEED, ASHRAE, and the EU’s EPBD (Energy Performance of Buildings Directive) mandate improved ventilation and energy optimization in commercial and institutional structures.

2. Smart Building Integration

Modern VAV systems are often equipped with intelligent controls that integrate seamlessly with building management systems (BMS). These smart integrations allow for automated air distribution adjustments based on occupancy, temperature, and humidity, reducing energy consumption and operational costs.

3. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Emphasis

Growing concerns about indoor air quality—especially in a post-pandemic context—are encouraging the use of HVAC systems that maintain optimal air circulation and ventilation. VAV systems are ideal for balancing ventilation demands with energy efficiency.

4. Renovation and Retrofit Projects

A large proportion of commercial buildings in Europe and North America are more than 20 years old and require HVAC upgrades. Retrofitting these buildings with energy-efficient VAV systems provides cost savings and ensures compliance with updated environmental regulations.

5. Urbanization and Smart Infrastructure Growth

Rapid urbanization in developing countries, coupled with rising demand for smart infrastructure, is leading to increased construction of energy-efficient commercial and institutional buildings, which in turn fuels demand for VAV systems.

To get unlimited market intelligence, subscribe https://www.datamintelligence.com/download-sample/variable-air-volume-systems-market

Key Market Trends in the U.S.

The United States is the largest market for VAV systems globally. This is due to:

Widespread implementation in commercial office buildings, hospitals, and schools.

Favorable government incentives for energy-efficient retrofits.

Technological advancements in smart HVAC components, such as wireless sensors and cloud-based controllers.

Rising focus on reducing operational expenses through automation and predictive maintenance.

Japan and Asia-Pacific Market Influence

In the Asia-Pacific region, Japan stands out for its innovation in HVAC design and its strong commitment to energy efficiency. Japanese developers are increasingly integrating VAV systems into both new and existing smart buildings.

Across Asia, the growing focus on smart city development is also bolstering VAV adoption. India and China are investing heavily in commercial real estate and high-rise buildings where these systems offer operational efficiency and comfort.

European Market Landscape

Europe represents a mature yet evolving market for VAV systems. Growth is driven by:

Energy-efficiency mandates across the EU.

A push toward zero-energy buildings.

Extensive retrofitting activities in aging public infrastructure such as schools and hospitals.

Germany, France, and the UK lead in technology adoption and building modernization programs that integrate advanced VAV systems.

Competitive Landscape

Leading players in the VAV systems market include:

Johnson Controls

Honeywell

Siemens

Trane Technologies

Daikin Industries

Ingersoll Rand

These companies are focused on product innovation, integration of AI and IoT technologies, and service-oriented HVAC models. Mergers and strategic collaborations are also common as firms look to expand their market presence and enhance technology offerings.

Challenges in the VAV Systems Market

Despite strong growth potential, the market faces some notable challenges:

High Initial Costs: VAV systems are more complex and expensive to install than traditional HVAC systems.

Skill Gaps: A shortage of skilled technicians for system design, installation, and maintenance can impact project timelines and quality.

Regulatory Differences: Varying building codes and HVAC standards across regions complicate product standardization.

Maintenance Requirements: Advanced control systems require ongoing calibration and monitoring, increasing long-term service demands.

Strategic Recommendations

Invest in Smart Tech: Manufacturers should focus on VAV systems with AI-powered controls, sensor integration, and cloud analytics to drive operational efficiency.

Promote Retrofit Solutions: Target aging buildings with cost-effective upgrade packages that highlight energy savings.

Expand in High-Growth Regions: Asia-Pacific offers immense growth potential through public-private infrastructure projects.

Enhance Training Programs: Equip HVAC professionals with skills to manage next-gen VAV technology and digital interfaces.

Build ESG-Ready Products: Emphasize low-emission, recyclable, and energy-saving features to meet sustainability goals.

Conclusion

The Variable Air Volume (VAV) systems market is poised for robust growth in the coming decade. Energy efficiency, indoor air quality, digital transformation, and green building certifications are driving widespread adoption across regions.

With innovation centered around smart controls, sustainable design, and user-centric features, VAV systems are becoming indispensable in modern HVAC applications. Companies that prioritize intelligence, interoperability, and efficiency will be best positioned to lead this dynamic market.

About Us

DataM Intelligence is a global market research and consulting firm specializing in high-growth industries including HVAC, building technologies, clean energy, healthcare, and smart infrastructure. Our in-depth reports, customized insights, and expert forecasts empower businesses to make informed, data-driven decisions.

Contact Us

DataM Intelligence

Email: info@datamintelligence.com

Phone: +1 877 441 4866

[news24-amit]

Sustainable Design Powers Building Energy Simulation Software Market Boom

The global building energy simulation software market is poised for significant growth, expanding from US$ 4.4 billion in 2022 to an estimated US$ 10.8 billion by 2031, at an impressive CAGR of 10.7%. This growth trajectory reflects the increasing demand for energy-efficient and sustainable building solutions driven by stricter environmental regulations, integration of smart technologies, and the adoption of AI and ML in building simulation tools.

Market Overview

Building energy simulation software enables stakeholders including architects, engineers, and energy consultants to model, simulate, and optimize the energy performance of buildings. These tools help reduce carbon emissions, lower operating costs, and ensure compliance with stringent energy codes and standards. They also support performance analysis for HVAC systems, lighting, plug loads, and water usage in residential, commercial, and institutional buildings.

The industry is experiencing strong momentum with the growing emphasis on green building certifications, retrofitting of existing infrastructure, and the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies into construction and facilities management processes.

Market Drivers & Trends

The growth of the building energy simulation software market is primarily driven by:

Government regulations aimed at reducing building emissions

Increased adoption of smart building technologies and IoT

Rising demand for energy-efficient retrofitting of older structures

Technological advancements enabling real-time modeling and faster simulations

Financial incentives and tax benefits for energy-efficient construction

The increasing urgency to comply with frameworks such as the EU’s Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), New York City’s Local Law 97 (LL97), and other national standards like Germany’s Buildings Energy Act and the Dubai Green Building Regulations, continues to create substantial demand for these tools.

Latest Market Trends

One of the most notable trends is the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) into simulation software. These technologies improve modeling accuracy, reduce simulation time, and provide advanced predictive analytics. AI algorithms can automatically generate energy models based on design inputs, simulate future energy demand, and suggest optimal solutions for minimizing consumption and enhancing occupant comfort.

Another key trend is the availability of cloud-based platforms that enable collaboration and access to real-time simulation data, making energy modeling more accessible and scalable for small- to mid-sized firms.

Key Players and Industry Leaders

Major players in the global market include:

Autodesk, Inc.

4M S.A.

Integrated Environmental Solutions Ltd (IES)

DesignBuilder Software Ltd

Trimble Inc.

EQUA Simulation AB

Trane Technologies plc

StruSoft AB

BuildSimHub, Inc.

Environmental Design Solutions Ltd

Maalka Inc.

BRE Group

These companies are heavily investing in R&D to improve simulation speed, user interfaces, and integration with Building Information Modeling (BIM) tools, thus enhancing market competitiveness.

Access important conclusions and data points from our Report in this sample - https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/sample/sample.php?flag=S&rep_id=77350

Recent Developments

Autodesk Inc., in November 2022, launched rapid operational energy analysis tools in Autodesk Spacemaker, allowing real-time visual feedback during early design phases—enabling energy-efficient decisions from the outset.

In February 2023, Glodon Company Limited, via its subsidiary MagiCAD Group, acquired a majority stake in EQUA Simulation AB. This strategic acquisition is expected to accelerate simulation technology development and expand global market reach.

These developments reflect the industry’s move toward comprehensive, real-time, and AI-integrated platforms.

Market Opportunities

Several untapped opportunities lie ahead for market players:

Emerging markets in Asia Pacific, the Middle East, and South America are expected to experience robust demand for simulation tools amid urbanization and green building initiatives.

AI-enabled automation can open new possibilities in design optimization and energy forecasting.

Partnerships with government bodies and educational institutions may drive innovation and training in simulation technologies.

Smart city projects and rising interest in Net-Zero Energy Buildings (NZEBs) present a fertile ground for software deployment.

Future Outlook

The future of the building energy simulation software market looks promising, with robust growth expected across all regions. The emphasis on data-driven architecture, zero-emission goals, and sustainable urban development will continue to influence market dynamics.

With continued advances in ML algorithms, simulation engines, and 3D visualization capabilities, energy simulation tools will become indispensable for building design, renovation, and facility management. Furthermore, integration with digital twins and BIM platforms will enhance their strategic role in urban planning and smart infrastructure development.

Market Segmentation

By Component:

Software / Platform

Services

Professional

Consulting & Integration

Support & Maintenance

Managed

By Deployment:

Cloud

On-premise

By End-user:

Residential

Commercial

Others

By Region:

North America

Europe

Asia Pacific

Middle East & Africa

South America

Regional Insights

North America leads the market due to a well-established ecosystem of universities, research labs (like NREL), and government-funded sustainability programs. The U.S., in particular, is witnessing widespread adoption of simulation software driven by regulations such as LL97 in New York.

Europe remains at the forefront of green construction regulations and energy performance mandates, making it a lucrative market for simulation software providers.

Asia Pacific is expected to record the fastest CAGR during the forecast period. Rapid urbanization, combined with rising environmental consciousness and increasing investments in green buildings across China, India, and Southeast Asia, is fueling demand in the region.

Why Buy This Report?

This comprehensive report offers:

In-depth analysis of market trends, drivers, and opportunities

Detailed segmentation and regional analysis

Competitive landscape with profiles of major players

Insights into government regulations and their impact on market dynamics

Forecasts up to 2031 with historic data and growth projections

Updates on key market developments and strategic movements

AI and ML integration trends reshaping the simulation software ecosystem

Whether you are a software developer, a building consultant, a policymaker, or an investor, this report offers invaluable insights into the future of energy-efficient construction technologies.

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Retail Analytics Market: https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/retail-analytics-market.html

3D Reconstruction Technology Market: https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/3d-reconstruction-technology-market.html

About Transparency Market Research Transparency Market Research, a global market research company registered at Wilmington, Delaware, United States, provides custom research and consulting services. Our exclusive blend of quantitative forecasting and trends analysis provides forward-looking insights for thousands of decision makers. Our experienced team of Analysts, Researchers, and Consultants use proprietary data sources and various tools & techniques to gather and analyses information. Our data repository is continuously updated and revised by a team of research experts, so that it always reflects the latest trends and information. With a broad research and analysis capability, Transparency Market Research employs rigorous primary and secondary research techniques in developing distinctive data sets and research material for business reports. Contact: Transparency Market Research Inc. CORPORATE HEADQUARTER DOWNTOWN, 1000 N. West Street, Suite 1200, Wilmington, Delaware 19801 USA Tel: +1-518-618-1030 USA - Canada Toll Free: 866-552-3453 Website: https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com Email: sales@transparencymarketresearch.com

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Understanding Panelboard Schedules, Voltage Drop Formulas, and Revit Family Creation for MEP Success in 2025

As the construction and building systems industry moves toward smarter, more integrated, and regulation-heavy projects in 2025, understanding key MEP components becomes essential for successful design and execution. 

Whether you’re an architect, contractor, franchise owner, or facility manager, mastering core MEP elements like the panelboard schedule, formula for voltage drop, and revit family creation services can improve design accuracy, code compliance, and energy efficiency.

1. What Is a Panelboard Schedule and Why It Matters

A panelboard schedule outlines the specific circuits, loads, breakers, and wire sizes in an electrical panel. 

It’s a critical document for electrical engineers and contractors during design and installation. An accurate panel schedule ensures load balancing, system protection, and code compliance. 

Learn more about electrical system planning in this Electrical Design Services guide.

2. Using Voltage Drop Formulas for Precise Load Distribution

The formula for voltage drop is essential for sizing wires and preventing energy loss or system inefficiency. Ignoring voltage drop calculations in long runs or high-demand circuits can lead to costly overhauls or safety issues. 

Use NEC guidelines or voltage drop calculators during early design stages for best results. For detailed MEP load calculations, explore our blog on MEP Calculations & Compliance.

3. The Importance of Revit Family Creation Services in BIM

In the age of digital modeling, revit family creation services are crucial to building accurate BIM models. 

Custom families for MEP components allow for realistic clash detection, coordination, and design iteration. They reduce rework and speed up approvals. 

Check out our BIM engineering services for custom solutions.

4. How Quantity Takeoff Improves Cost Accuracy

Quantity Takeoff tools allow architects and engineers to extract detailed material and labor quantities from construction drawings. 

Integrated with BIM and MEP software, takeoffs improve bid accuracy and reduce budget overruns. 

Learn how our team supports efficient costing through construction estimating services.

5. Understanding Plumbing and Electrical Riser Diagrams

Both plumbing riser diagram and electrical riser diagram are essential for visualizing system layouts vertically through a building. 

These diagrams help in troubleshooting, inspections, and efficient pipe or conduit routing. You can explore our detailed approach to Plumbing Design Services and Electrical Riser Design.

6. Why You Should Know the Different Types of Architects

Understanding the different types of architects—such as residential, commercial, landscape, or industrial—can help project owners and developers pick the right design partner. 

Each specialization brings unique value to MEP integration and overall building performance.

7. Exploring Pre-Action Fire Sprinkler Systems

A pre action fire sprinkler system combines detection and suppression, making it ideal for data centers, museums, and critical facilities. 

It requires both a detection signal and sprinkler activation, offering an extra layer of protection. For tailored solutions, visit our Fire Protection Services.

8. Bonus Insight: Best Franchises to Own in Florida with Efficient MEP Design

When exploring the best franchises to own Florida, energy efficiency, safety compliance, and quick turnaround times are key to ROI. 

MEP systems—when designed with tools like panelboard schedule templates and accurate revit family creation services—can accelerate approvals and occupancy.

Final Thought

As 2025 demands smarter and more regulated construction practices, integrating MEP tools such as quantity takeoff, plumbing riser diagram, and accurate electrical riser diagram documentation is no longer optional—it’s a necessity. 

Whether you’re involved in new construction, franchise development, or sustainability consulting, leveraging these MEP strategies will lead to better project outcomes.For more insights or help with your next project, explore the full range of MEP Engineering Services by NY Engineers.

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Timeline and Cost Expectations for Commercial Construction in Snoqualmie

If you're planning to invest in commercial construction in Snoqualmie, understanding the timeline and cost expectations is essential to keeping your project on track and within budget. At Snoqualmie Construction Services, we’ve helped businesses across the region bring their visions to life with well-planned and expertly executed builds. Here’s what you need to know before breaking ground.

Understanding the Construction Timeline

Every commercial project is unique, but here’s a general breakdown of what to expect from start to finish:

1. Planning & Design (1–3 months)

This phase includes:

Site analysis and feasibility studies

Architectural design and engineering

Budgeting and value engineering

Zoning and code compliance reviews

2. Permitting & Approvals (2–4 months)

Navigating local permitting is a crucial step. Snoqualmie has specific zoning and environmental guidelines that must be followed. Our team handles the entire permit process to reduce delays.

3. Site Preparation (1–2 months)

This includes land clearing, excavation, and laying foundational infrastructure like drainage, utilities, and grading.

4. Construction Phase (6–12 months or more)

Time varies based on project size and complexity:

Steel or wood framing

Roofing and exterior finishes

HVAC, electrical, and plumbing installations

Interior build-out and finishing

5. Inspections & Handover (1 month)

Final inspections, occupancy certificates, and handover to the client complete the timeline.

Commercial Construction Costs in Snoqualmie

The cost of commercial construction in Snoqualmie depends on several factors:

🔹 Size & Scope

Larger or multi-story buildings require more materials, labor, and time.

🔹 Design Complexity

Custom architecture or high-end finishes will increase costs.

🔹 Site Conditions

Sloped lots, poor soil, or utility access issues can drive up prep costs.

🔹 Material & Labor Costs

Prices fluctuate based on market conditions and availability.

Estimated Costs

Basic commercial build: $200–$300 per sq ft

Mid-range custom build: $300–$500 per sq ft

High-end construction: $500+ per sq ft

We provide detailed estimates and transparent pricing to help you plan accurately and avoid unexpected surprises.

Why Choose Snoqualmie Construction Services?

Our local expertise, end-to-end project management, and commitment to excellence make us a trusted partner for commercial construction in Snoqualmie. From retail spaces and office buildings to medical facilities and restaurants, we deliver projects that meet your business goals and exceed expectations.

Let’s Build Something Great Together

If you're ready to bring your commercial project to life, reach out to Snoqualmie Construction Services for a consultation. We'll help you plan smart, build efficiently, and stay on budget—so you can focus on growing your business.

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Raising the Roof: Understanding the Role and Value of Roofing Companies

When it comes to the structural integrity and longevity of a building, few elements are as crucial as the roof. Often overlooked until there’s a problem, a roof quietly performs one of the most vital roles: protecting the occupants and the structure from the elements. Behind every durable, functional roof is the expertise of a professional roofing company.

Whether you're a homeowner, property manager, or business owner, understanding what roofing companies do—and why their services matter—is essential. From installations and inspections to repairs and replacements, these companies provide more than just labor. They deliver peace of mind, safety, and long-term investment protection.

1. What Do Roofing Companies Do?

At their core, roofing companies specialize in services that involve the construction, maintenance, and repair of roofs. Their work covers a wide range of tasks, including:

New roof installation: Working with builders or architects during new construction.

Roof repair: Fixing leaks, storm damage, or structural issues.

Roof replacement: Removing old roofing materials and installing new systems.

Inspections and maintenance: Preventative services to prolong roof life.

Emergency services: Temporary and permanent repairs after storms or accidents.

They may also offer complementary services such as gutter installation, attic insulation, skylight fitting, and more, depending on the company’s scope and local demand.

2. Materials and Methods

A reputable roofing company is well-versed in a variety of roofing materials. Different materials suit different building types, climates, and budget considerations. Some of the most common options include:

Asphalt shingles: Popular for residential properties due to affordability and ease of installation.

Metal roofing: Known for durability, longevity, and energy efficiency.

Tile roofing: Common in warmer climates, offering aesthetics and durability.

Slate: A premium option, highly durable and attractive.

Flat roofing systems: Often used in commercial buildings, made from materials like TPO, EPDM, or modified bitumen.

Each type of roofing material requires specific techniques for installation and repair, and experienced roofing companies are trained to handle them all.

3. The Importance of Professional Roofing Services

Some property owners are tempted to take a DIY approach to roofing issues, but the risks far outweigh the potential savings. Roofing is complex, dangerous, and heavily reliant on proper technique and materials. Here’s why hiring a professional roofing company is a smart investment:

Safety: Roofing professionals are trained in fall prevention and use specialized safety equipment.

Efficiency: Experts can complete jobs faster and more accurately, avoiding costly mistakes.

Warranty protection: Most roofing companies offer warranties on both labor and materials.

Insurance compliance: Licensed roofers ensure the work meets building codes and insurance requirements.

Long-term value: Quality roofing work extends the life of your roof, reducing future repair and replacement costs.

4. Navigating the Roofing Process

Working with a roofing company typically follows a structured process, starting with an initial consultation. Here’s what you can expect:

Step 1: Inspection and Estimate

The company visits your property to assess the condition of your roof. They may inspect the attic for signs of leaks or poor ventilation. Based on their findings, they provide a detailed estimate covering labor, materials, timeline, and cleanup.

Step 2: Material Selection

You’ll choose from a variety of materials and colors that fit your aesthetic, climate, and budget. The roofing company may provide samples and explain the pros and cons of each option.

Step 3: Scheduling and Permits

Once a contract is signed, the company schedules the work and secures necessary permits from the local municipality.

Step 4: Project Execution

The crew arrives on the scheduled date, sets up safety measures, and begins the installation or repair. Quality companies clean up thoroughly and conduct a final walkthrough upon completion.

Step 5: Post-Project Support

Good roofing companies stand by their work. They may offer warranties, maintenance plans, or follow-up inspections to ensure satisfaction.

5. The Roofing Company Workforce

Roofing companies employ a range of professionals, including:

Roofers and laborers: Perform the physical installation and repairs.

Project managers: Oversee the job, ensure timelines are met, and communicate with clients.

Inspectors: Assess the roof’s condition and recommend solutions.

Customer service staff: Handle scheduling, billing, and warranty claims.

This collaborative structure ensures each aspect of the project is handled with care and efficiency.

6. Special Considerations for Roofing Projects

When choosing a roofing company, consider the following factors:

Licensing and insurance: Always work with a licensed and insured contractor.

Experience: Choose companies with a proven track record in your area.

Reviews and references: Check online ratings and ask for references.

Transparency: Clear contracts, itemized estimates, and open communication are key.

Additionally, it’s wise to get multiple quotes and avoid unusually low bids—they may indicate subpar materials or unlicensed labor.

7. Seasonal and Emergency Services

Many roofing companies offer seasonal services such as:

Pre-winter inspections

Snow and ice removal

Spring clean-up and damage checks

Storm response and emergency tarping

These services are invaluable in regions with extreme weather, helping prevent minor issues from escalating into major repairs.

8. Roofing Companies and Sustainability

Today’s roofing companies are increasingly focused on sustainability. Many offer eco-friendly materials, energy-efficient systems, and recycling programs for old roofing waste. Some even specialize in installing solar-compatible roofing and green roof systems, contributing to both energy savings and environmental responsibility.

9. Roofing and Property Value

A well-maintained or newly installed roof can significantly boost a property’s resale value. Potential buyers recognize the importance of a secure, durable roof and are often willing to pay a premium for homes with recent roofing upgrades. According to real estate studies, a new roof can yield a return on investment (ROI) of 60%–70% or more, depending on the material and location.

Conclusion: Why Roofing Companies Matter

Roofing companies do far more than cover buildings—they protect lives, preserve investments, and enhance curb appeal. Their expertise spans technical skill, material knowledge, and customer care. Whether you need a routine inspection or a full roof replacement, choosing the right roofing company ensures the job is done safely, efficiently, and to the highest standards.

In a world where the weather is unpredictable and property is a major investment, roofing companies serve as a reliable shield. When it comes to your roof, it’s always worth working with professionals who understand what’s at stake—everything under it.