#solution 2018
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merpmonde · 9 months ago
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Sangaku Sunday #6
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We are about to solve our first sangaku problem, as seen on the tablet shown above from Miminashi-yamaguchi-jinja in Kashihara.
First, we should conclude our discussion: what are sangaku for? There's the religious function, as an offering, and this offering was put on display for all to see, though not all fully understood the problems and their solutions. But a few people would understand, and these would have been the mathematicians of the time. When they visited a new town, they would typically stop at a temple or shrine for some prayers, and they would see the sangaku, a sample of what the local mathematicians were capable of. Whether the problems were solved or open, the visitor could take up the challenges and find the authors to discuss.
And this is where everything lined up: the local school of mathematics would have someone new to talk to, possibly to impress or be impressed by, and maybe even recruit. With the Japanese-style mathematics of the time, called wasan, being considered something of an art form, there would be masters and apprentices, and the sangaku was therefore a means to perpetuate the art.
Now, what about that configuration of circles, second from right on the tablet?
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Recall that we had a formula for the radii of three circles which are pairwise tangent and all tangent to the same line. Calling the radii p, q, r, s and t for the circles of centres A, B, C, D and E respectively, we have
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for the circles with centres A, B and C (our previous problem), and adapting this formula to two other systems of three circles, we get
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for the circles with centres A, C and D, and
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for the circles with centres B, C and E. Add these together, and use the first relation on the right-hand side, we get a rather elegant relation between all five radii:
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Of course, we can get formulas for s and t,
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r having been calculated previously using just p and q, which were our starting radii.
For example, setting p=4 and q=3, we get, approximately, r=0.86, s=0.4 and t=0.37 (this is the configuration shown in the figure, not necessarily the one on the tablet - I will be able to make remarks about that on another example).
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itwoodbeprefect · 9 months ago
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i have a sideblog for asian (but mostly thai) series now:
@blatantprinterpropaganda 🖨✨
feel free to follow me over there, not follow me over there, or get creative and invent a secret third option!
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bonestrouslingbones · 2 months ago
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thinking about swapfell soriel yet again and its still not gonna be official any time soon but its becoming increasingly funny to me that the start of it rests almost entirely on the foundation of post-void karma's sheer audacity
like. he meets the extremely cold, detached and cruel queen of the underground, who could easily kill him with just her gaze alone if she felt like it, face-to-face for the first time ever. ok.
and one of the first things this fucking guy decides to say in this extremely rare and risky conversation is that he's surprised that she has such low LV considering her reputation, something that he absolutely should not know and definitely should not reveal but he's still pretty fresh from the void at this point so he really couldn't care less
and obviously she damn near smites him on the spot, but then he says something about how it might be a little hard to kill someone who's already dead (referring to the void & resulting cotard's syndrome)
and then toriel just. fucking snort-laughs. like she just fully loses it bc she mistakes it for a skeleton joke and it's the first time someone's even "attempted" telling her a joke in years and that's how he accidentally becomes the queen's Official Silly Guy
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rahulp3 · 1 year ago
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What Are The Major Factors Driving Retinal Biologics Market Growth?
The Retinal Biologics Market is experiencing a surge in demand, fueled by advancements in eye disease treatments and a growing emphasis on vision health. According to a recent analysis by Future Market Insights (FMI), a leading market research firm, the market is currently valued at an impressive US$22.25 billion in 2022. Looking ahead, the market is projected to witness a remarkable Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 11.1% over the next six years. This translates to a staggering market valuation of US$41.92 billion by 2028, highlighting the significant potential of retinal biologics in revolutionizing eye care.The remarkable expansion of the Global Retinal Biologics sector is fueled by advancements in technology, innovative research, and a growing demand for cutting-edge treatments. As the industry continues to evolve, it presents unprecedented opportunities for stakeholders, investors, and healthcare professionals alike.Key Retinal Biologics Market Insights:
Rising Prevalence of Diabetes-related Eye Disorders and Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) The prevalence of diabetes-related eye disorders and age-related macular degeneration is on the rise, underscoring the growing need for innovative solutions within the Retinal Biologics Industry.Substantial Investment in R&D for Biologics in Retinal Disorders The industry is witnessing a significant influx of research and development resources, aimed at advancing biologics for both infectious and non-infectious retinal disorders. This investment underscores the commitment to addressing unmet medical needs.
Emergence of Specific Biologic Molecules as Therapeutic Targets Specific biologic molecules are gaining prominence as highly promising therapeutic targets, offering new hope for patients with retinal conditions.Gene Therapy as a Solution for Monogenic Retinal Illnesses With a growing number of monogenic retinal illnesses, gene therapy is emerging as a pivotal component of the Retinal Biologics Market, presenting innovative solutions for these challenging conditions.
Request a Sample Copy of This Report Now.https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/sample/rep-gb-8663
#The Retinal Biologics Market is experiencing a surge in demand#fueled by advancements in eye disease treatments and a growing emphasis on vision health. According to a recent analysis by Future Market I#a leading market research firm#the market is currently valued at an impressive US$22.25 billion in 2022. Looking ahead#the market is projected to witness a remarkable Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 11.1% over the next six years. This translates to a s#highlighting the significant potential of retinal biologics in revolutionizing eye care.The remarkable expansion of the Global Retinal Biol#innovative research#and a growing demand for cutting-edge treatments. As the industry continues to evolve#it presents unprecedented opportunities for stakeholders#investors#and healthcare professionals alike.Key Retinal Biologics Market Insights:Rising Prevalence of Diabetes-related Eye Disorders and Age-relate#underscoring the growing need for innovative solutions within the Retinal Biologics Industry.Substantial Investment in R&D for Biologics in#aimed at advancing biologics for both infectious and non-infectious retinal disorders. This investment underscores the commitment to addres#offering new hope for patients with retinal conditions.Gene Therapy as a Solution for Monogenic Retinal Illnesses With a growing number of#gene therapy is emerging as a pivotal component of the Retinal Biologics Market#presenting innovative solutions for these challenging conditions.Request a Sample Copy of This Report Now.https://www.futuremarketinsights.#institutional sales in the Retinal Biologics Industry#where Retinal Biologics are supplied in speciality clinics and hospitals#will generate higher revenues. In 2018#hospital sales accounted for more than 35% of market revenue.According to the report#retail sales of Retinal Biologics will generate comparable revenues to hospital sales and will expand at an 11.9% annual rate in 2019. Reta#with retail pharmacies generating more money than their counterparts in the future years.Penetration in North America Higher#APEJ’s Attractiveness to IncreaseNorth America continues to be the market leader in Retinal Biologics revenue. According to FMI estimates#North America accounted for more than 46% of global Retinal Biologics Industry revenues in 2018. Revenues in North America are predicted to#continuous growth in the healthcare infrastructure#and a favourable reimbursement scenario.Europe accounted for about one-fourth of the Retinal Biologics market#with Western European countries such as Germany#the United Kingdom#France#Italy
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ethdeleth · 1 year ago
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I had only a minor interest in Baby Reindeer when it came out. Kind of reminded me of YOU(2018). But that interest skyrocketed when the stalker came out publicly.
She did zero favors for herself and probably only bolstered more audience interest in doing this.
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wild-at-mind · 2 years ago
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Also now I'm feeling really shit about not getting to anything for trans day of remembrance this year.
#i literally missed it because i suck :(#but also i've been feeling kind of weird sometimes about it#the name reading where you just know all the latin american names are mispronounced#this is the uk where it's harder to find a latinx person (or even a spanish person) to be able to help with that or do the reading#but still i think it needs some preparation beforehand if at all possible#i know these things don't have the greatest support network behind them but still :/#i just think there's something really sad about messing up the names of trans people specifically!#even if it's not in a misnaming/transphobic context#also i've seen the criticisms i know this can tend to be about white middle class trans people making it about ourselves#or something but i don't know what the solution to that is#and like any vigil maybe it's main purpose is as a symbol and to bring people together#i just remember in like 2018 when i travelled to the next town over (because there's nothing like that here)#and went to the before event and it was packed out#and my people from my bi/pan meetup group were there (i wish that group still existed :( )#some as allies and many as trans people because surprise tonnes of bi and pan people are trans way more than you'd think from the discourse#i was kind of in the in between space between ally and trans back then#i had no idea what i to do about that but in that moment i felt such love and compassion coming to me from that room#the kind i had trouble giving to myself#i think that has value even though i fully take on board the criticism of the day#we can say trans people murdered around the world are our siblings but we really have no idea what their lives are like#but maybe that's the key thing-that solidarity can still happen if we look outwards as well as inwards?#figuring out you're trans means looking inwards by necessity but we can also look outwards and say 'i can't ever fully understand#but i want to'#i don't know i feel weird tonight sorry to ramble :(
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bidhelp · 6 months ago
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OEM AUTHORIZATION CERTIFICATE
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“An OEM Authorization Certificate allows resellers or partners to use, sell, or distribute an OEM’s products or technologies, detailing the scope, compliance requirements, and legal aspects. It benefits businesses by offering increased opportunities and competitive pricing.”
Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) give OEM Authorization Certificates to other businesses so they can use, sell, or distribute their goods or technologies. These businesses are usually resellers, distributors, or partners.
Here is a list of what this certificate includes and what it does:
Details of the certification:
Title of the Certificate: Makes it clear that it is an OEM Authorization Certificate.
Issuer Information: This section has information about the OEM that issued the certificate, like the name of the company, its address, and how to reach them.
Authorized Entity: This shows the name of the business or person that is allowed to use, sell, or spread the OEM’s goods or technologies.
How much permission is given:
Product/Technology Details: Lists the specific technologies, parts, or items that the authorization covers.
Usage Rights: These are the permissions that are given, like the right to sell, distribute, or add the goods to other systems.
The rules and terms are:
Compliance Requirements: Lists any rules that the authorized organization needs to follow, like meeting quality standards or legal requirements.
Duration of Authorization: This field tells you how long the authorization is good for. It could be a set amount of time or until it is terminated.
The legal and financial parts:
Intellectual Property Rights: This part talks about how to use logos, patents, and other intellectual property that the OEM owns.
Warranty Coverage and Support: This section talks about any warranty coverage or support services that the OEM will offer to the authorized company or their customers.
Signatures and Validation:
Authorized Signatures: Includes signatures from representatives of the OEM, often with a date, to validate the certificate.
Seal or Stamp: May have an official seal or stamp from the OEM to further authenticate the document.
OEM Contacts: Provides contact details for OEM representatives who can address any queries or issues related to the authorization.
Benefits Of Being OEM Certified:
OEM certification can benefit in several ways, including:
Increased business
Boosted product knowledge
Competitive pricing
Faster production
Working with a wider range of products/equipment
Other Characteristics of an Original Equipment Manufacturer
1. OEMs sell licenses
OEMs typically sell product licenses to use their parts to the value-added resellers they market to.
2. OEM for hardware
Hardware can be easily bought off the internet, whether from a retail product manufacturer or through an OEM. However, OEM hardware is usually shipped incomplete of parts such as cables and adapters that are necessary for the installation and operation of the hardware.
3. OEM for software
OEM software, like the hardware, usually doesn’t come with a lot of stuff, except for the basic software and its license key.
OEM Authorization Certificate Format
Date: [Insert Date]
To,
The Procurement Officer, [Name of the Procuring Organization], [Address of the Procuring Organization], [City, State, PIN Code].
Subject: OEM Authorization Certificate / Authorization Letter for Bid Number [Bid Number]
Dear Sir/Madam,
We, [Your Company Name], located at [Your Company Address], are pleased to provide this OEM Authorization Certificate/Authorization Letter as part of our bid for Bid Number [Bid Number].
OEM Authorization
This is to certify that [Your Company Name] is an authorized reseller/dealer of [OEM’s Company Name]. We are authorized to offer and supply the products listed in the bid document, and we confirm that the products will be genuine and sourced directly from the OEM.
Details of Authorization
OEM’s Company Name: [OEM’s Company Name]
Authorized Reseller/Dealer: [Your Company Name]
Authorized Product Range: [List of Products/Services]
Authorization Validity Period: [Start Date] to [End Date]
OEM Contact Details: [OEM Contact Information]
OEM Authorization Code: [OEM Authorization Code]
We affirm that we will adhere to all terms and conditions specified by the OEM in our supply of their products/services and will provide any required support or documentation as necessary.
Declaration
We declare that:
Authenticity of Products: All products supplied under this bid will be genuine and sourced from the OEM as per the authorization.
Compliance with Terms: We will comply with all the terms and conditions laid out by the OEM for the products listed in the bid.
Support and Warranty: We will provide all necessary support and warranty as required by the OEM for the products supplied.
Contact Information: For any inquiries or further information regarding this authorization, please contact:
Contact Person: [Name of the Contact Person]
Phone Number: [Contact Number]
Email Address: [Email Address]
Thank you for considering our bid. We look forward to a favorable evaluation and a successful collaboration.
Yours faithfully,
[Signature] [Name of the Authorized Signatory] [Designation] [Your Company Name] [Contact Number] [Email Address]
Conclusion
An OEM Authorization Certificate is a formal document issued by an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) that grants another entity, such as a reseller, distributor, or partner, the rights to use, sell, or distribute the OEM’s products or technologies. Key elements include certification details, scope of authorization, terms and conditions, legal and financial aspects, signatures and validation, and contact information. Benefits of being OEM certified include increased business opportunities, enhanced product knowledge, competitive pricing, faster production, and a wider range of products/equipment.
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vforvalensa · 1 year ago
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I actually finally saw Annihilation (2018) directed by Alex Garland the other day and it's really good and interesting (mainly in the ways where it is very much is the Jeff Vandermeer's Annihilation (2014) of movies) so I'm revising my statement.
Jeff Vandermeer's Annihilation (2014) should have been adapted as a 90's point and click adventure game, AND Alex Garland's Annihilation (2018) should have also been adapted as a separate 90's point and click adventure game.
Annihilation by Jeff Vandermeer shoulda been adapted as a 90s point and click adventure game instead of the Natalie Portman movie.
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strangewastelandmoon · 1 year ago
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Enhancing Operational Excellence: Analyticall Quality Solutions Pvt. Ltd. in ISO-9001
Discover unparalleled quality solutions tailored to your needs with Analyticall Quality Solutions Pvt. Ltd. We specialize in optimizing processes, enhancing efficiency, and ensuring top-tier quality standards for businesses in the 9001 region. Let our expertise elevate your operations to new heights. Contact us today for bespoke quality solutions.
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onlyhurtforaminute · 1 year ago
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youtube
ATROCITY EXHIBIT-CARRION BANQUET
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edwardslvrr · 16 days ago
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NO I’M NOT IN LOVE ☆ rafe cameron PART 1
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✦   .  MATTER FACT, WE COULD BE FRIENDSES
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𝜗𝜚 bodyguard!rafecameron x popstar!reader
Yn Yln has been dealing with too many stalkers and papparazi lately, it's made her team worry about her and hire her a personal bodyguard. Insert Rafe Cameron, the new bodyguard, who is the talk of the internet every time he is working. Known as 'the attractive grumpy bodyguard'. And well now even Yn can't resist the charm.
𓂃.☘︎ part one 𓂃.☘︎ part two
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FAMOUS BODYGUARD, WE’VE ALL SEEN HIM AROUND, RAFE CAMERON. BUT WHAT DO WE REALLY KNOW ABOUT THIS MAN?
Rafe Cameron was born on June 14, 1997 in North Carolina, United States as the son of wealthy corporate lawyer Ward Cameron. He was raised In luxury Figure eight.
In July 2015, he enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps against his father’s wishes, as it was decided from early age he should take over his father’s law firm which he turned down when he turned eighteen.
He completed his basic training at Parris Island, then went to The School of Infantry (SOI) located in eastern North Carolina at Camp Lejeune.
In 2016 he was assigned as 1st Recon Battalion at Camp Pendleton In San Diego, California. Where he had to sneak into dangerous places to find information and spy on their enemies. He careied out quick attacks with small teams. He applied for MARSOC selection, where he had to do extremely tough training, and only a few make it through — like Rafe.
After such difficult training at MARSOC he became a Critical Skills Operator — highly trained Marine and got deployed to multiple operations like Afghanistan, Northern Africa, and Eastern Europe all throughout 2018 until 2020.
He returned in 2021 with minor injuries during his latest mission, but with lingering PTSD symptoms. He received Navy Commendation Medal and Joint Service Achievement Medal. In 2021 he got honourably discharged after his 6 years of service for the country.
Coming home he cut contact with his father as refused to work for Ward Cameron in any way, he spend 6 months recovering off-grid while regaining mental stability.
Months later he joins HAVOC Security Solutions, a private security firm, who are known for protecting famous artists and CEO’s. He got recommended to work for Yn Yln in 2023 after a dangerous stalker-incident at one of her concerts in Los Angeles.
After this he became her full time protection agent and follows her around the world, he has protected her from many crazy fans around the world. He’s known online as the grumpy but hot bodyguard of Yn Yln, always seen grumpy around everyone but soft and caring when it comes to the singer herself.
Press has begun romantically linking him to Yn Yln but they’ve both haven’t said a word about it anywhere.
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𓂃⋆.˚ yourname’s new instagram post
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liked by rafecameron, yourbestfriend and 1.288.783 others
yourname first post of the year, and the moods i’ve been in bc wtf
view all comments
username last one is real
yourbestfriend didn’t even leave me a piece
⤿ yourname it was too good bro
⤿ yourbestfriend fair enough
username ugh rafe cameron needs to open his account, the privacy is killing me
⤿ username y you bringing him up😭
⤿ username he liked this post
⤿ username so you looked for his name, crazy
username ugh you’re perfect
username cannot wait for tour!!
sarahcameron you are just so beautiful
⤿ yourname ahh ily sarah!! need to meet up soon
⤿ sarahcameron yeh but get another security
⤿ yourname lmao just come over babe
username i love sarah and yn sm
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𓂃⋆.˚ rafecameron’s new instagram story
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𓂃⋆.˚ yourname’s new instagram story
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AUTHORS TALKING -> bro the research into military went crazy, that’s why it took me a while was supposed to post this a week ago😭
TAGLIST -> @hqtlineee @drunkinthemiddleoftheday @rafestoothbrush @kissesandmartinis @ijustwanttoreadlols @sisterslytherinog @kay133sposts @leather-n-velvet @bradshawed @fastlovela @kravitzwhore @inthelibrarybtw
TAGLIST -> comment on this post to be added to my rafe cameron taglist
MAIN MASTERLIST -> click here to see more
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theabigailthorn · 9 months ago
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We know you were on accutane. Stop lying
not that it would matter if I had, and not that it's any of your business, but I have in fact never taken accutane.
This is a useful teaching moment though, because what you're doing is a well-studied phenomenon in digital media called 'policing fake femininity.' It's a thing people do to women in the public eye, a specific kind of criticism centred around accusations of being inauthentic, fake, or having cheated in some way. Often it's men doing the policing but women do it to each other a lot too, there are whole websites dedicated to it in fact. Often those criticisms centre around our appearances, as yours did here.
It's sometimes a response to perceived inequality, of which there is plenty! Women in the public eye - myself included - do benefit from a lot of privilege. I've always been quite open about that. People who engage in that kind of public bullying often tell themselves that because of the privilege (or perceived privilege) of their targets the fake femininity policing is socially justified, or the fault of the target. But it doesn't really do anything to correct the structural problems that give rise to that inequality.
In their paper "Policing Fake Femininity," scholars Brooke Duffy, Kate Miltner, and Amanda Wahlstedt say,
“The solution to the structural concerns associated with capitalist patriarchy is not, we contend, to label individual influencers “stupid famewhores” and disparage their mental health in ways that invoke the spectre of hysteria (e.g., “batsh*t crazy,” “delusional,” and “lunatic”). As Chemaly [Rage Becomes Her, 2018] argues, it is necessary that girls and women express their anger, but such a directive “is not an endorsement of unbridled rage, or permission to deliver a swift roundhouse kick to the face of anyone who upsets you, or to regularly fill the spaces you live and work in with hostility and discomfort.” While venting anger at these influencers and their purportedly questionable choices may provide some form of much-needed catharsis, such gender-coded vitriol amplifies the rampant misogyny and toxicity that women already face in online environments.”
If you'd like to know more, I recommend:
Steve Cross & Jo Littler, “Celebrity and schadenfreude: The cultural economy of fame in freefall,” in Cultural Studies
Brooke Duffy, Kate Miltner, & Amanda Wahlstedt, “Policing “fake” femininity: Authenticity, accountability, and influencer anti-fandom,” in New Media & Society
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zvaigzdelasas · 10 months ago
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Back in 2018, Kamala Harris and other Democrats labeled then-President Donald Trump’s wall a vanity project that wasted billions of taxpayer dollars. Harris even went so far as to post online that the barrier was “un-American.” Now, as a candidate for president, her border security plan includes filling in strategic sections of the wall along the nearly 2,000-mile southwest border, given her endorsement of the failed bipartisan bill that she now says is the foundation of her border policy.[...]
“Vice President Harris believes in tough, smart solutions to secure the border, keep communities safe, and reform our broken immigration system,” Ehrenberg said. The border bill would have provided 1,500 more border personnel, upgraded technology and kicked off the “immediate resumption” of the border wall construction that was underway in 2021, according to its text. “A border wall is something that Vice President Harris supports, but only where it makes sense,” [...]
In 2023, the Biden administration sought to waive environmental laws to proceed with wall construction in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas.[...]
“I want to see it finished,” said Border Patrol agent Art Del Cueto, who also serves as the vice president of the National Border Patrol Council, an agents union that has endorsed Trump.[...]
Del Cueto’s union supported the bipartisan border bill that is the basis for Harris’ border plan.
29 Sep 24
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beeghosts · 6 months ago
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For the latest round of Holmestice, I got to fill @beamkatanachronicles's amazing prompt of editing @lalage's beautiful piece 25 Lives into a multiverse Holmes & Watson one! Did I spend way too much time overthinking every single choice? Yes. Was it worth it? Absolutely.
Verses cheatlist: 1. The Sign of Four (1923) 2. Sherlock Holmes (1916) 3. A Study in Terror (1965) 4. Мой нежно любимый детектив (1986) 5. Young Sherlock Holmes (1985) 6. Sherlock Holmes (1922) 7. Шерлок Холмс (2013) 8. The Last Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (1923) 9. The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (1985) 10. The Return of Sherlock Holmes (1986-1987) 11. Sherlock (2010) 12. Приключения Шерлока Холмса и Доктора Ватсона (1980) 13. The Seven-Per-Cent Solution (1976) 14. They Might be Giants (1971) 15. Sherlock Holmes (1912) 16. Without a Clue (1988) 17. The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes (1970) 18. Pursuit to Algiers (1945) 19. Sherlock Holmes (1968) 20. Elementary (2012) 21. Sherlock Holmes (2009) 22. Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson (1979) 23. ミス・シャーロック (2018) 24. Sherlock Holmes (1954)
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opencommunion · 1 year ago
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"The settler such as one finds in Algeria, in Angola, in Kenya, in Rhodesia and in the Union of South Africa is obstinately hostile to any attack on his supremacy. We do not say to the settler: ‘You are a stranger, go away.’ We do not say to him: ‘We will take over the leadership of the country and make you pay for your crimes and those of your ancestors.’ We do not tell him that ‘to the past hatred of the Black we will oppose the present and future hatred of the white man’. We say to him: ‘We are Algerians, banish all racism from our land, all forms of oppression and let us work for man, for the flourishing of man and for the enrichment of humanity.’ The settler replies, and the French government supports him: ‘Algeria is French.’ In Angola: Angola is Portuguese. In the Union of South Africa: The Union of South Africa is a white state.
... No, the violence of the Algerian people is neither a hatred of peace nor a rejection of human relations, nor a conviction that only war can put an end to the colonial regime in Algeria. The Algerian people have chosen the unique solution that was left to them and this choice will hold firm for us. General de Gaulle said: ‘We must break the Algerian people.’ We reply: ‘Let us negotiate, find a solution that is commensurate with contemporary history. But know that if you want to break the Algerian people, you will have to accept seeing your armies break themselves against the rampart of the glorious Algerian soldiers.’"
Frantz Fanon, "Why We Use Violence," Address to the Accra Positive Action Conference, April 1960, trans. Robert JC Young in Alienation and Freedom, 2018
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reasonsforhope · 1 year ago
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"For generations, the people of Erakor village in the Pacific nation of Vanuatu would pass their time swimming in the local lagoon. Ken Andrew, a local chief, remembers diving in its depths when he was a child, chasing the fish that spawned in its turquoise waters.
That was decades ago. Now 52, Andrew has noticed a more pernicious entity invading the lagoon: plastic.
“The plastic would form a small island inside the lagoon, it was so thick,” Andrew says. “We used fishing nets to pull some of the trash out, but we didn’t know how to get rid of it all. We couldn’t conquer it, there was just too much.”
While residents were struggling to empty Vanuatu’s waters of plastic, the country’s politicians were considering another solution. Could they stop the waste directly at the source?
Small island nations like Vanuatu face a series of unique challenges when it comes to plastic pollution. Many rely on imported goods to sustain their populations, and receive tonnes of plastic packaging every day as a result. Ocean currents pull plastic waste from around the world into Pacific waters, which eventually end up on the shores of its islands.
Few Pacific island governments have adequate recycling or waste management facilities on their narrow strips of land, so rubbish is often burned or left to wash up in rivers or lagoons like the one in Erakor. It is estimated that Pacific countries generate 1kg of waste per person a day, 40% higher than the global average.
In an attempt to drastically limit the amount of waste generated in Vanuatu, in 2018 the government became one of the first in the world to outlaw the sale and distribution of certain single-use plastics – including a world-first ban on plastic straws.
In the six years since, the results have been impressive. Thin, plastic shopping bags are hardly ever seen, with most shoppers carrying reusable bags at their local market or grocery store. At festivals and outdoor events, food is more often served wrapped in banana leaves instead of polystyrene takeaway boxes. Now-banned items used to make up 35% of Vanuatu’s waste, but now make up less than 2%.
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Pictured: Pandanus leaves are now used instead of plastic bags at markets, but supply of the crop can be affected by storms and cyclones, vendors say.
The plastic islands that once choked Erakor lagoon are also shrinking.
“Since they started the ban, you can see the lagoon has become cleaner,” says Andrew.
It is a massive victory for a small island nation made up of just over 300,000 people across 83 islands...
In 2020, a second phase of the policy added seven more items to the list of forbidden plastics, which now covers cutlery, single-use plates and artificial flowers.
“It’s quite difficult to enforce because of the very low capacity of the department of environment,” Regenvanu says. “So we try to work with the municipal authorities and customs and other people as well.”
Compromises had to be made, though. Fishers are still allowed to use plastic to wrap and transport their produce. Plastic bottles are also permitted, even though they often litter coastlines and rivers.
Secondary industries have now developed to provide sustainable alternatives to the banned items. On the island of Pentecost, communities have started replacing plastic planter pots with biodegradable ones made from native pandanus leaves. Mama’s Laef, a social enterprise that began selling fabric sanitary napkins before the ban, has since expanded its range to reusable nappies and bags.
“We came up with these ideas to reduce the amount of plastic in Vanuatu,” says the owner Jack Kalsrap. “We’re a small island state, so we know that pollution can really overwhelm us more than in other, bigger countries.” ...
Willy Sylverio, a coordinator of the Erakor Bridge Youth Association, is trying to find ways to recycle the litter his team regularly dredges up from the lagoon.
“The majority of the plastic waste now comes from noodle packaging or rice packaging, or biscuit packets,” Sylverio says. He hopes the plastic ban will one day include all packaging that covers imported goods. “Banning all plastic is a great idea, because it blocks the main road through which our environment is polluted.”
The Vanuatu government plans to expand the plastic ban to include disposable nappies, and says it will also introduce a plastic bottle deposit scheme this year to help recycle the remaining plastic waste in the country."
-via The Guardian, June 20, 2024
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