#source: baumgartner

[schlauemaus]

Einzeltieruntersuchung: Geflügel

fraktionierte Untersuchung, wenn Tier sich zu sehr aufregt va bei schlechtem Allgemeinzustand

Ernährungszustand

Palpation der Brustmuskulatur od. Abwiegen

"gut"

Federkleid inkl. Beurteilung der Einzelfeder

zu beurteilen ist der Gesamteindruck, achten auf federlose Stellen

"glatt, glänzend und anliegend" "Einzelfeder oB"

Hautoberfläche, Hautanhangsgebilde, Bürzeldrüse

besonders zu beachten ist

Farbe der Ständer

Fußsohlen

Patagiaunterseiten

Brustwand unter den Flügeln

Krallen, Schnabelhorn, Wachshaut, Nasenkappen

Kamm- u. Kehllappen

Bürzeldrüse (dorsal an Schwanzansatz)

"oB"

Hydratationszustand

Vogelhaut hat keine Subkutis -> unelastisch

bei Dehydratation liegt Rumpfhaut in Falten und ist schlecht verschieblich

10% Flüssigkeitsverlust -> Enophthalmus (eingesunkene Augen)

"oB"

Auge

zu beurteilen:

Augenumgebung: Aufluss?

Augenlider: Stellung

Konjunktiva, Sklera, drittes Augenlid

Kornea: Trübungen

Iris: Farbe, Struktur

Pupille: Lichtreaktion, Größe, Form, vergleichende Betrachtung !Mydriatika bei Vögeln wg. quergestreifter Muskulatur in Iris unwirksam!

Linse: Trübungen, Synechien

Vordere u. hintere Augenkammer

Glaskörper

Retina und Pecten oculi

"Auge oB, Schleimhaut blassrosa"

Ohr

"oB"

Nase und Nebenhöhlen

zu achten auf Verschmutzungen und ob Nasenlöcher frei sind

evtl. durch Druck versuchen Sekret auszupressen

"Eulenkopf" bei Schwellung d. Sinus

"oB"

Schnabelhöhle

mit einer Hand Kamm, mit der anderen Kehllappen fixieren und auseinanderziehen -> mit dem Mittelfinger gegen Larynx drücken -> schiebt Zunge raus

beurteilen von

Schleimhaut

Choanenspalte

Zunge

Larynx

"Schleimhaut rosarot, Schnabelhöhle oB"

Kropf

mittels Palpation Feststellung von

Füllungsgrad

Art des Inhalts

Schleimhautdicke u. -struktur

Zubildungen/ Fremdkörper

"oB"

Atmung, Auskultation der Lunge

Untersuchungsabbruch bei hgr. Atemnot -> gesundes Tier sollte nach 3 min wieder normale Atmung haben

"oB"

Abdomen

Abstand der Legebeine gibt Hinweis auf Legetätigkeit des Huhns

Palpation von Muskelmagen, Darmschlingen u. evtl. einem Ei

Flüssigkeitsfüllung (=Aszites), unfertige Eier bei Legenot od. Tumore können palpiert werden

"durchtastbar"

Kloake

zu achten auf

Verschmutzungen

Federverlust

Kloakenschluss

Form und Symmetrie

Schleimhaut kann mittels Tupfer vorgestülpt und beurteilt werden

"Kloake und deren Umgebung oB"

Extremitäten: Palpation der Knochen und Gelenke

von proximal nach distal

"oB"

Neurologische Untersuchung

Reflexprüfung: Zwischenzehen-, Rückzieh-, Stellreflex

"oB"

[ur-mag]

Kevin Costner and Christine Baumgartner ‘On Speaking Terms’ (Source) | In Trend Today

Kevin Costner and Christine Baumgartner ‘On Speaking Terms’ (Source) Read Full Text or Full Article on MAG NEWS

[shorooq-mahmoud]

Emergency Donation Appeal🚨🇵🇸🆘🫂

We write to you today with hearts heavy with grief, carrying the pain and need that our loved ones in Gaza face every single day. We are the family of Shorouq and Mohamed, forced to leave Gaza, and now we find ourselves in Egypt, trying to stay strong. But each passing day brings greater challenges.

This bitter winter, while many gather around warmth in their homes, there are families in Gaza sleeping under tents that provide neither shelter from the rain nor protection from the cold. Children shivering in the freezing weather, families lying on bare ground with nothing but the sky as their blanket, struggling without food or any source of income to sustain them.

Time is not on our side, nor on theirs. Every day without help means another night in the cold, another unbearable hunger, and more silent tears.

We are not asking just for ourselves but for our loved ones in Gaza who are enduring unimaginable hardships. Every donation from you is a chance for warmth for a freezing child, medicine for a sick mother, or even a blanket for a family desperate for comfort.

If you are able to help, please donate through this link

If you cannot donate, sharing this post with your friends might be our only hope to reach someone who can.

You are the light of hope in these dark days, and even the smallest act of support could save a life.

✅🌟Vetted by @gazavetters , my number verified on the list is ( #378 )✅here 🌟vetted and shared by @bilal-salah0 here

Thank you for your time and your big hearts. 💕

Shorooq and Mohamed’s Family���❤️

@labyrinthaze @craftykittyscientist @lunehowls @officialspec2 @naggingatlas

@pcktknife @lana-baumgartner @xxlunawarriorxx

@solarpunkwitchcraft

@zivazivc @dearmouse @sotogalmo @85-rend @the-meme-monarch

@peachdeluxe @classychassiss @northern-passage @sillysymbol

@dailyquests @tiredguyswag @transguyhawkeye @ender--slime

@miss-galaxy-turtle @see-arcane @spitblaze @ballwizard @prisonhannibal

@beserkerjewel @cultofthorns @davepetasprites @cuntylouis

@wander-bunnies

@sagescider @jinsouled @gotinterest @longseasons @boffix

@vaultt-tec @moonscapesandearthmares @bamsara @busket @fox-guardian

@cherryflavoredbutch @stardustfanfare @infernal-heart

@vilethot @thundergrace @soymikki @lytransthropy

[ina-shumelim]

Storks, frogs, and pussy: Babylonian euphemisms

So, the interesting thing about the word pussy is that both German and French, in Muschi and chatte, respectively, have words that, too, cover the same meanings of “cat” and “vulva”. To complicate this, these two meanings appear to be related in French, whereas in English and German that appears to not be the case (cf. Stefanowitsch 2010). Either way, I have a thesis to write and so there is really nothing better for me to do than to instead write about two Akkadian words I recently stumbled across that also refer both to an animal and, euphemistically, to the vulva.

So.

ḫuduššu is a rare Akkadian word that might mean “frog”. In a letter from the city of Mari, we learn of its colour: “The stomach is dark on the left side like a frog (ḫuduššu)”. We happen to find the same word in the middle of a Babylonian love poem from the early second millennium BC. In this poem, the writer seeks to entice their crush, who uses male pronouns, to sleep with them:

The crown of our head, the rings of our ears, The hills of our shoulders, the voluptousness of our chest, The spadix of our hands, The frog (ḫuduššu) of our hips— Reach out with your left hand and touch our vulva, Play with our breasts— [Enter], I have opened [the thig]hs! (My awkwardly literal translation takes inspiration from those of Joan Goodnick Westenholz 1987 and Nathan Wasserman 2016: 150–54.)

The writer refers to their body parts as “ours”, perhaps saying to their lover: “mine and yours” (Westenholz 1987: 417). They begin with their headwear, before slowly travelling down their, “our” body that is revealed through innocuous images from nature, hills or the spadix of a datepalm. The ḫuduššu, dark in its hue, marks the climax of this teasing—the contrast to the open sexual desire of the following verses is all the more striking.

(Unrelatedly, it seems Brazilian Portuguese also has a slang term perereca “frog; pussy”.)

The second word, Akkadian laqlaqqu (also raqraqqu, cf. Arabic laqlaq), is an onomatopoetic term for “stork”, but it apparently also designated the vulva (cf. Salonen 1973: 225). I will admit that to my knowledge all the evidence for the latter comes from lexical texts, that is, collections of words prepared by ancient Mesopotamian scholars that we are not always sure of how they were sourced. Nevertheless, from a European perspective, this double meaning is striking: After all, depending on who you ask (and at what age!), it is either storks or vaginas through which babies enter into this world.

Now, of course anyone who has sat through an introduction to statistics class knows that the evidence for storks being the correct answer here is strong (cf. Matthews 2000), but it made me wonder: How did we get here?

Unfortunately, it is all rather confusing. Storks, that much seems clear, have since antiquity been believed to take good care of their storklings (cf. Hubrich-Messow 2007: 1333; Chad & Taylor 2016: 23). Thus Hebrew, from Biblical times on, has used the term ḥasīd / ḥasīdah “the faithful one” to refer to the stork as well as the heron (cf. Koehler & Baumgartner 1994: 337; Klein 1987: 225).

Be that as it may, the stork as bringer of human children seems to be an idea of 18th century Europe (cf. Hubrich-Messow: 1334 with n. 13). And, someone fry me a stork! (German expression), you can find a lot of explanations for it:

The belief was that storks picked up infants from marshes, ponds, wells, springs, and stones where the souls of unborn children dwell. (Smith 1972: 1083) The origin of this legend is the association between the stork and the creative watery element; the bird fishing in the waters finds embryonic life. (Cooper 1997: 274) In Germany and other parts of Europe, a stork flying over a house was deemed a sure sign of an imminent birth in the family. Historically, the prediction might well have proved valid as storks return from their migration to nest in Europe in the spring, some nine months after the summer solstice, a traditional festival celebrating fertility and a magical time for young lovers. (Chadd & Taylor 2016: 22)

I, for one, really like this last idea. Nevertheless, it becomes rather clear that none of these stories would seem to connect with the ambiquity of Akkadian laqlaqqu. And there, is to my knowledge, no evidence that the Babylonians or Assyrians had any stories of storks bringing children.

To close off with another stork-related fun fact: Apparently in German, “man’s stork” (des mannes storch) could at some point instead refer to the penis (Deutsches Wörterbuch, vol. 19: 374).

Bibliography

Chadd, Rachel Warren and Marianne Taylor. 2016. Birds: Myth, Lore, Legend. Bloomsbury.

Cooper, Jean Campbell, ed. 1997. Brewer’s Book of Myth & Legend. Helicon.

Klein, Ernest. 1987. A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary Of The Hebrew Language for Readers of English. Carta.

Koehler, Ludwig & Walter Baumgartner. 1994. The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. Brill.

Hubrich-Messow, Gundula. 2007. “Storch”. In Enzyklopädie des Märchens. Handwörterbuch zur historischen und vergleichenden Erzählforschung, vol. 12, edited by Rolf Wilhelm Brednich. De Gruyter.

Matthews, Robert. 2000. “Storks Deliver Babies (p = 0.008)”. Teaching Statistics 22 (2): 36–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9639.00013

Salonen, Armas. 1973. Vögel und Vogelfang im Alten Mesopotamien. Academia Scientiarium Fennica.

Smith, Grace Partridge. 1972. “Stork”. In Funk & Wagnalls Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology and Legend, 1972, edited by Maria Leach. Funk & Wagnalls.

Stefanowitsch, Anatol. 2010. “Muschi gesucht”. Sprachlog. 10 December 2010. https://scilogs.spektrum.de/sprachlog/muschi-gesucht/

Wasserman, Nathan. 2016. Akkadian Love Literature of the Third and Second Millennium BCE. Harrassowitz.

Westenholz, Joan Goodnick. 1987. “A Forgotten Love Song”. In Language, Literature, and History: Philological and Historical Studies Presented to Erica Reiner, edited by Francesca Rochberg-Halton. American Oriental Society.

[basedonconjecture]

Hello! Do you 🫵 also enjoy the Necropolis in Veilguard? Would you like to learn about a real life ossuary you could potentially visit if you wanted? If yes, then I would like to introduce you to:

The Capuchin Crypt

talk of death and human bones below the cut!

The Capuchin Crypt is a 17th century ossuary located below Santa Maria della Concezione dei Cappuccini (Our Lady of the Conception of the Capuchins) located in Rome, Italy. Led by Cardinal Antonio Barberini, a member of the Capuchin order, the church’s construction began in 1626 and was completed by 1631.

When the friars moved in, they brought 300 cartloads of remains with them. A friar by the name of Michael of Bergamo oversaw arranging the remains within the crypt. They also continued to add additional remains as friars in the order died along with poor Romans who couldn’t pay for burial. When a new body was to be added, they would exhume the oldest buried friar to make room and then add those bones to the decorative motifs. Today, there are over 3,700 bodies believed to be friars buried in the crypt.

But it didn’t always look like it does today!

In fact, there’s a bit of a mystery that surrounds who transformed the crypt from a simple ossuary into the artful resting place it is now. Though the likeliest explanation is that it was done by one or several artists within the Capuchin order who were often in residence in the friary (Caravaggio is suspected to be one of them), there are legends about a penitent-but-unidentified artist who did the work. Writings from the Marquis de Sade, who visited the crypt during his travels in Rome, suggest the artist might even be a German priest by the name of Norman Baumgartner. However, the identity of the artist has never been confirmed.

Though access to the crypt used to be restricted to the days surrounding All Soul’s Day, when a mass is still typically held in the crypt’s chapel for the holiday, it is open to museum goers for most of the year (as of 2018, anyway, and the most recent article I could find confirmed this was still the case in 2022). There are 5 separate rooms that display bones in the crypt and they’re pretty neat. Unlike what you might expect, each room (or alcove) is named and contain intentionally decorative arrangements.

One of the most interesting rooms, or chapels, is the Crypt of the Three Skeletons, as seen below:

From the Wikipedia page on the Crypt:

The center skeleton is enclosed in an oval, the symbol of life coming to birth. In its right hand it holds a scythe, symbol of death which cuts down everyone, like grass in a field, while its left hand holds the scales, symbolizing the good and evil deeds weighed by God when he judges the human soul. A placard in five languages declares: "What you are now we used to be; what we are now you will be."

And this clock nearby made of pelvic bones, femurs, and thigh bones:

And this butterfly motif from the Crypt of the Skulls:

Normal visitors to the crypt are not allowed to take pictures (as was the case when I visited in 2018), so all of these photos have been sourced from this Smithsonian Magazine article which I do recommend giving a read if you’re interested in learning more or seeing more of the crypt!

While many people who have visited the crypt at Santa Maria have declared it a macabre sight, much like the Mourn Watch, the Capuchin order itself maintains it is meant as a silent reminder of mortality and how fleeting life can be.

A crypt-sized memento mori :)

sources:

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/decorated-with-4000-skeletons-this-roman-church-will-have-you-pondering-your-own-mortality-180981573/

https://www.turismoroma.it/en/node/222

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capuchin_Crypt

[otrtbs]

Was sitting in my (mech. engineering) lecture about colour in media and my prof talked about how there was a museum that gave a painting away for restauration and when they got it back they could perfectly tell where on the painting the conservator had done work because he didnt work under the same lightning conditions the museum used in their exhibition and all i could think about was winterlude and i so badly wanted to be like 'i thought it was the norm now that conservators had different light sources at hand to avoid this very problem' but i couldnt very well say that cause how do i explain that my presumed knowledge comes from a fic about harry potters dead dad being gay over sirius blacks dead little brother having art knowledge

first of all!! this class sounds so interesting and so slay!! and exactly!! that's how they get ya! you have to have different light sources and adjustable light sources in order to make the painting perfect!!

tbh a lot of conservators learn through trial and error which isn't very assuring but alas,,,, regulus was just ahead of the game and learned from the best (julian baumgartner) so he knew to adjust the kelvin of the lights to match the studio space for each painting 😌

this is making me so happy though because!! wdym my silly little fanfic info gave u knowledge in the real world??? that's rad as heck!!

[this-week-in-rust]

This Week in Rust 533

Hello and welcome to another issue of This Week in Rust! Rust is a programming language empowering everyone to build reliable and efficient software. This is a weekly summary of its progress and community. Want something mentioned? Tag us at @ThisWeekInRust on Twitter or @ThisWeekinRust on mastodon.social, or send us a pull request. Want to get involved? We love contributions.

This Week in Rust is openly developed on GitHub and archives can be viewed at this-week-in-rust.org. If you find any errors in this week's issue, please submit a PR.

Updates from Rust Community

Official

crates.io: API status code changes

Foundation

Google Contributes $1M to Rust Foundation to Support C++/Rust "Interop Initiative"

Project/Tooling Updates

Announcing the Tauri v2 Beta Release

Polars — Why we have rewritten the string data type

rust-analyzer changelog #219

Ratatui 0.26.0 - a Rust library for cooking up terminal user interfaces

Observations/Thoughts

Will it block?

Embedded Rust in Production ..?

Let futures be futures

Compiling Rust is testing

Rust web frameworks have subpar error reporting

[video] Proving Performance - FOSDEM 2024 - Rust Dev Room

[video] Stefan Baumgartner - Trials, Traits, and Tribulations

[video] Rainer Stropek - Memory Management in Rust

[video] Shachar Langbeheim - Async & FFI - not exactly a love story

[video] Massimiliano Mantione - Object Oriented Programming, and Rust

[audio] Unlocking Rust's power through mentorship and knowledge spreading, with Tim McNamara

[audio] Asciinema with Marcin Kulik

Non-Affine Types, ManuallyDrop and Invariant Lifetimes in Rust - Part One

Nine Rules for Accessing Cloud Files from Your Rust Code: Practical lessons from upgrading Bed-Reader, a bioinformatics library

Rust Walkthroughs

AsyncWrite and a Tale of Four Implementations

Garbage Collection Without Unsafe Code

Fragment specifiers in Rust Macros

Writing a REST API in Rust

[video] Traits and operators

Write a simple netcat client and server in Rust

Miscellaneous

RustFest 2024 Announcement

Preprocessing trillions of tokens with Rust (case study)

All EuroRust 2023 talks ordered by the view count

Crate of the Week

This week's crate is embedded-cli-rs, a library that makes it easy to create CLIs on embedded devices.

Thanks to Sviatoslav Kokurin for the self-suggestion!

Please submit your suggestions and votes for next week!

Call for Participation; projects and speakers

CFP - Projects

Always wanted to contribute to open-source projects but did not know where to start? Every week we highlight some tasks from the Rust community for you to pick and get started!

Some of these tasks may also have mentors available, visit the task page for more information.

Fluvio - Build a new python wrapping for the fluvio client crate

Fluvio - MQTT Connector: Prefix auto generated Client ID to prevent connection drops

Ockam - Implement events in SqlxDatabase

Ockam - Output for both ockam project ticket and ockam project enroll is improved, with support for --output json

Ockam - Output for ockam project ticket is improved and information is not opaque 

Hyperswitch - [FEATURE]: Setup code coverage for local tests & CI

Hyperswitch - [FEATURE]: Have get_required_value to use ValidationError in OptionExt

If you are a Rust project owner and are looking for contributors, please submit tasks here.

CFP - Speakers

Are you a new or experienced speaker looking for a place to share something cool? This section highlights events that are being planned and are accepting submissions to join their event as a speaker.

RustNL 2024 CFP closes 2024-02-19 | Delft, The Netherlands | Event date: 2024-05-07 & 2024-05-08

NDC Techtown CFP closes 2024-04-14 | Kongsberg, Norway | Event date: 2024-09-09 to 2024-09-12

If you are an event organizer hoping to expand the reach of your event, please submit a link to the submission website through a PR to TWiR.

Updates from the Rust Project

309 pull requests were merged in the last week

add avx512fp16 to x86 target features

riscv only supports split_debuginfo=off for now

target: default to the medium code model on LoongArch targets

#![feature(inline_const_pat)] is no longer incomplete

actually abort in -Zpanic-abort-tests

add missing potential_query_instability for keys and values in hashmap

avoid ICE when is_val_statically_known is not of a supported type

be more careful about interpreting a label/lifetime as a mistyped char literal

check RUST_BOOTSTRAP_CONFIG in profile_user_dist test

correctly check never_type feature gating

coverage: improve handling of function/closure spans

coverage: use normal edition: headers in coverage tests

deduplicate more sized errors on call exprs

pattern_analysis: Gracefully abort on type incompatibility

pattern_analysis: cleanup manual impls

pattern_analysis: cleanup the contexts

fix BufReader unsoundness by adding a check in default_read_buf

fix ICE on field access on a tainted type after const-eval failure

hir: refactor getters for owner nodes

hir: remove the generic type parameter from MaybeOwned

improve the diagnostics for unused generic parameters

introduce support for async bound modifier on Fn* traits

make matching on NaN a hard error, and remove the rest of illegal_floating_point_literal_pattern

make the coroutine def id of an async closure the child of the closure def id

miscellaneous diagnostics cleanups

move UI issue tests to subdirectories

move predicate, region, and const stuff into their own modules in middle

never patterns: It is correct to lower ! to _

normalize region obligation in lexical region resolution with next-gen solver

only suggest removal of as_* and to_ conversion methods on E0308

provide more context on derived obligation error primary label

suggest changing type to const parameters if we encounter a type in the trait bound position

suppress unhelpful diagnostics for unresolved top level attributes

miri: normalize struct tail in ABI compat check

miri: moving out sched_getaffinity interception from linux'shim, FreeBSD su…

miri: switch over to rustc's tracing crate instead of using our own log crate

revert unsound libcore changes

fix some Arc allocator leaks

use <T, U> for array/slice equality impls

improve io::Read::read_buf_exact error case

reject infinitely-sized reads from io::Repeat

thread_local::register_dtor fix proposal for FreeBSD

add LocalWaker and ContextBuilder types to core, and LocalWake trait to alloc

codegen_gcc: improve iterator for files suppression

cargo: Don't panic on empty spans

cargo: Improve map/sequence error message

cargo: apply -Zpanic-abort-tests to doctests too

cargo: don't print rustdoc command lines on failure by default

cargo: stabilize lockfile v4

cargo: fix markdown line break in cargo-add

cargo: use spec id instead of name to match package

rustdoc: fix footnote handling

rustdoc: correctly handle attribute merge if this is a glob reexport

rustdoc: prevent JS injection from localStorage

rustdoc: trait.impl, type.impl: sort impls to make it not depend on serialization order

clippy: redundant_locals: take by-value closure captures into account

clippy: new lint: manual_c_str_literals

clippy: add lint_groups_priority lint

clippy: add new lint: ref_as_ptr

clippy: add configuration for wildcard_imports to ignore certain imports

clippy: avoid deleting labeled blocks

clippy: fixed FP in unused_io_amount for Ok(lit), unrachable! and unwrap de…

rust-analyzer: "Normalize import" assist and utilities for normalizing use trees

rust-analyzer: enable excluding refs search results in test

rust-analyzer: support for GOTO def from inside files included with include! macro

rust-analyzer: emit parser error for missing argument list

rust-analyzer: swap Subtree::token_trees from Vec to boxed slice

Rust Compiler Performance Triage

Rust's CI was down most of the week, leading to a much smaller collection of commits than usual. Results are mostly neutral for the week.

Triage done by @simulacrum. Revision range: 5c9c3c78..0984bec

0 Regressions, 2 Improvements, 1 Mixed; 1 of them in rollups 17 artifact comparisons made in total

Full report here

Approved RFCs

Changes to Rust follow the Rust RFC (request for comments) process. These are the RFCs that were approved for implementation this week:

No RFCs were approved this week.

Final Comment Period

Every week, the team announces the 'final comment period' for RFCs and key PRs which are reaching a decision. Express your opinions now.

RFCs

No RFCs entered Final Comment Period this week.

Tracking Issues & PRs

[disposition: merge] Consider principal trait ref's auto-trait super-traits in dyn upcasting

[disposition: merge] remove sub_relations from the InferCtxt

[disposition: merge] Optimize away poison guards when std is built with panic=abort

[disposition: merge] Check normalized call signature for WF in mir typeck

Language Reference

No Language Reference RFCs entered Final Comment Period this week.

Unsafe Code Guidelines

No Unsafe Code Guideline RFCs entered Final Comment Period this week.

New and Updated RFCs

Nested function scoped type parameters

Call for Testing

An important step for RFC implementation is for people to experiment with the implementation and give feedback, especially before stabilization. The following RFCs would benefit from user testing before moving forward:

No RFCs issued a call for testing this week.

If you are a feature implementer and would like your RFC to appear on the above list, add the new call-for-testing label to your RFC along with a comment providing testing instructions and/or guidance on which aspect(s) of the feature need testing.

Upcoming Events

Rusty Events between 2024-02-07 - 2024-03-06 🦀

Virtual

2024-02-07 | Virtual (Indianapolis, IN, US) | Indy Rust

Indy.rs - Ezra Singh - How Rust Saved My Eyes

2024-02-08 | Virtual (Charlottesville, NC, US) | Charlottesville Rust Meetup

Crafting Interpreters in Rust Collaboratively

2024-02-08 | Virtual (Nürnberg, DE) | Rust Nüremberg

Rust Nürnberg online

2024-02-10 | Virtual (Krakow, PL) | Stacja IT Kraków

Rust – budowanie narzędzi działających w linii komend

2024-02-10 | Virtual (Wrocław, PL) | Stacja IT Wrocław

Rust – budowanie narzędzi działających w linii komend

2024-02-13 | Virtual (Dallas, TX, US) | Dallas Rust

Second Tuesday

2024-02-15 | Virtual (Berlin, DE) | OpenTechSchool Berlin + Rust Berlin

Rust Hack n Learn | Mirror: Rust Hack n Learn

2024-02-15 | Virtual + In person (Praha, CZ) | Rust Czech Republic

Introduction and Rust in production

2024-02-19 | Virtual (Melbourne, VIC, AU) | Rust Melbourne

February 2024 Rust Melbourne Meetup

2024-02-20 | Virtual | Rust for Lunch

Lunch

2024-02-21 | Virtual (Cardiff, UK) | Rust and C++ Cardiff

Rust for Rustaceans Book Club: Chapter 2 - Types

2024-02-21 | Virtual (Vancouver, BC, CA) | Vancouver Rust

Rust Study/Hack/Hang-out

2024-02-22 | Virtual (Charlottesville, NC, US) | Charlottesville Rust Meetup

Crafting Interpreters in Rust Collaboratively

Asia

2024-02-10 | Hyderabad, IN | Rust Language Hyderabad

Rust Language Develope BootCamp

Europe

2024-02-07 | Cologne, DE | Rust Cologne

Embedded Abstractions | Event page

2024-02-07 | London, UK | Rust London User Group

Rust for the Web — Mainmatter x Shuttle Takeover

2024-02-08 | Bern, CH | Rust Bern

Rust Bern Meetup #1 2024 🦀

2024-02-08 | Oslo, NO | Rust Oslo

Rust-based banter

2024-02-13 | Trondheim, NO | Rust Trondheim

Building Games with Rust: Dive into the Bevy Framework

2024-02-15 | Praha, CZ - Virtual + In-person | Rust Czech Republic

Introduction and Rust in production

2024-02-21 | Lyon, FR | Rust Lyon

Rust Lyon Meetup #8

2024-02-22 | Aarhus, DK | Rust Aarhus

Rust and Talk at Partisia

North America

2024-02-07 | Brookline, MA, US | Boston Rust Meetup

Coolidge Corner Brookline Rust Lunch, Feb 7

2024-02-08 | Lehi, UT, US | Utah Rust

BEAST: Recreating a classic DOS terminal game in Rust

2024-02-12 | Minneapolis, MN, US | Minneapolis Rust Meetup

Minneapolis Rust: Open Source Contrib Hackathon & Happy Hour

2024-02-13 | New York, NY, US | Rust NYC

Rust NYC Monthly Mixer

2024-02-13 | Seattle, WA, US | Cap Hill Rust Coding/Hacking/Learning

Rusty Coding/Hacking/Learning Night

2024-02-15 | Boston, MA, US | Boston Rust Meetup

Back Bay Rust Lunch, Feb 15

2024-02-15 | Seattle, WA, US | Seattle Rust User Group

Seattle Rust User Group Meetup

2024-02-20 | San Francisco, CA, US | San Francisco Rust Study Group

Rust Hacking in Person

2024-02-22 | Mountain View, CA, US | Mountain View Rust Meetup

Rust Meetup at Hacker Dojo

2024-02-28 | Austin, TX, US | Rust ATX

Rust Lunch - Fareground

Oceania

2024-02-19 | Melbourne, VIC, AU + Virtual | Rust Melbourne

February 2024 Rust Melbourne Meetup

2024-02-27 | Canberra, ACT, AU | Canberra Rust User Group

February Meetup

2024-02-27 | Sydney, NSW, AU | Rust Sydney

🦀 spire ⚡ & Quick

If you are running a Rust event please add it to the calendar to get it mentioned here. Please remember to add a link to the event too. Email the Rust Community Team for access.

Jobs

Please see the latest Who's Hiring thread on r/rust

Quote of the Week

My take on this is that you cannot use async Rust correctly and fluently without understanding Arc, Mutex, the mutability of variables/references, and how async and await syntax compiles in the end. Rust forces you to understand how and why things are the way they are. It gives you minimal abstraction to do things that could’ve been tedious to do yourself.

I got a chance to work on two projects that drastically forced me to understand how async/await works. The first one is to transform a library that is completely sync and only requires a sync trait to talk to the outside service. This all sounds fine, right? Well, this becomes a problem when we try to port it into browsers. The browser is single-threaded and cannot block the JavaScript runtime at all! It is arguably the most weird environment for Rust users. It is simply impossible to rewrite the whole library, as it has already been shipped to production on other platforms.

What we did instead was rewrite the network part using async syntax, but using our own generator. The idea is simple: the generator produces a future when called, and the produced future can be awaited. But! The produced future contains an arc pointer to the generator. That means we can feed the generator the value we are waiting for, then the caller who holds the reference to the generator can feed the result back to the function and resume it. For the browser, we use the native browser API to derive the network communications; for other platforms, we just use regular blocking network calls. The external interface remains unchanged for other platforms.

Honestly, I don’t think any other language out there could possibly do this. Maybe C or C++, but which will never have the same development speed and developer experience.

I believe people have already mentioned it, but the current asynchronous model of Rust is the most reasonable choice. It does create pain for developers, but on the other hand, there is no better asynchronous model for Embedded or WebAssembly.

– /u/Top_Outlandishness78 on /r/rust

Thanks to Brian Kung for the suggestion!

Please submit quotes and vote for next week!

This Week in Rust is edited by: nellshamrell, llogiq, cdmistman, ericseppanen, extrawurst, andrewpollack, U007D, kolharsam, joelmarcey, mariannegoldin, bennyvasquez.

Email list hosting is sponsored by The Rust Foundation

Discuss on r/rust

[hatingwithfears]

TOP 10: March 18, 2025 (ALL BOOKS)

10- Paul Auster- Baumgartner (2023)

This final novel by Paul Auster is remarkably introspective with its main character, an aging professor who lost his wife in accident almost a decade before the events in the book. The story goes through many of his seemingly ordinary tasks, with tiny moments bringing memories of his past back. This is the kind of the book that seems really good while reading it, but didn’t really stick with me at all, despite the short length and very well done prose.

9- Sally Rooney- Intermezzo (2024)

The latest from Sally Rooney, about two brothers grieving the death of their father, seems to bite off more than it can chew at times. Like other Rooney novels, the characters don’t really give us too much beyond their dialogue, even if Rooney gives us internal motivations for these characters, I still found some of this hard to connect with. This is her longest and best book, even though it gets a little long winded during the second half. There’s some very smart use of source material throughout (three pages referenced in the back of the book), and having these characters drawing intellectual information to help inform their emotional state was very well done, it all felt overdrawn, trying too hard to impress, and blunting the emotional impact this story should have had.

8- John Knowles- A Separate Peace (1960)

A very simple coming-of-age novel that deals with a group of boys at a boarding school around the time of World War II. The themes of growing into adulthood (manhood if you will (I don’t think there’s any female characters here)) and how violence affects these boys in (mostly) inadvertent ways is mildly interesting, but the prose here is very bland, and I was left wanting something more from the writing and it’s themes on American masculinity at that time.

7- John Knowles- Peace Breaks Out (1981)

This follow up to A Separate Peace looks at World War II and collage life in a much more dynamic way that makes for a superior sequel thanks to shifting from a first person to a third person narrative. The themes of this work include how students and professors deal with Nazi sympathizers in America, there were simply too many times when I wish what I reading was not relevant to what we’re still dealing with in America. It’s not a perfect book or anything (it’s still quite dry at times), but it felt like an improvement on the themes laid out in the first book.

6- John Steinbeck- Tortilla Flat (1935)

This very short novel really feels more like a collection of short stories that contain the same characters, this sort of format could have ended up making for a very disjointed read, but instead Tortilla Flat works best through these small chapters that where every bit of the writing here, even at it’s most humorous, is never underdone or too lofty. The “story” isn’t as important as the setting and the community of people in it, as we see various people, their struggles and how they make the most of what little they have.

5- Gabriel Byrne- Walking with Ghosts (2021)

Actor Gabriel Byrne’s memoir doesn’t focus too heavily on his acting career, instead we get to view his childhood, the fondness he has for his family and growing up in Ireland. Most memoir are route affairs, where the prose reads in the most basic manner. Here, Byrne has a certain lyrical flair to his writing that makes for a more sensual, poetic and loving view of the people around his life.

4- Ann Powers- Traveling: On The Path of Joni Mitchell (2024)

“In her essay on Mitchell, Ann Hilker calls “Amelia” the best example of Mitchell’s grounding in melancholy- a Freudian tern not simply Synonymous with sadness but denoting the unresolved loess’s that afflict and divide a person’s psyche. Musically and lyrically, Hilker writes, the song “gestures toward perpetual movement”. It wavers between two keys, F major and G major; its suspended chords, with their built-in dissonance, reinforce its sense of exile, as does the circular structure, never offering the climax of a bridge or a chorus. Plus, the song is a riddle: its refrain, “Amelia, it was just a false alarm”, is never explained. Is the false alarm a reference to the famous aviator Amelia Earhart, her body never recovered from a crash no one saw? Might Mitchell be speculating on a the moment the plane went down, a fault in the wiring that ended Earhart’s legendary restless life? Or could the false alarm be plaguing Joni herself, as she sets out for places unknown within her own subconscious, surveying patters built from memories and impulses that she only partly understands?”

-page 251

3- Cormac McCarthy- The Border Trilogy: All The Pretty Horses, The Crossing, Cities of The Plain (1992, 1994, 1998)

At over a thousand pages, this massive work is a little much in terms of length. This entire work feels like a response to the violence and brutality in Blood Meridian, where the horrors here are not quite as direct (although the second book has some deeply gross moments that almost don’t work). The first part feels like a direct response to Blood Meridian’s violence, painting a deeply romantic view of the American West, especially the horses and landscape, the book contains some of his best writing and never gets confusing too esoteric. The third part has very good ending, although I couldn’t help but feel slightly underwhelmed by the final book where the two main characters from the previous books join together.

2- Philip Gefter- Cocktails with George and Martha (2024)

This new book on the making of the 1966 film Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? Goes through the process of this work becoming a stage play on Broadway and the controversy surrounding it, to the casting, making and release of the film. This could have been exhaustive if it wasn’t so well composed. There’s been plenty of books about several people involved with this film (including two biographies on the relationship between Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton), and this gives a good crash course on what ended up bringing these people together to film this movie. For a film of this age, it was hard for me to understand why this caused such an uproar when it was released, but thanks to this book, the controversy over the play and film makes more sense. One of the most interesting moments was when the film’s director, Mike Nichols, brought Jackie Kennedy to a test screening for the ratings board just to have her say “Jack would have loved this” within earshot of board sitting right in front of her.

1- Cormac McCarthy- Blood Meridian (1985)

Literary critic Harold Bloom called Blood Meridian “the ultimate western”, that’s a lofty claim and I wasn’t exactly sold on this, especially when the book turns into a violent, unrelenting march through the west. I had read most of McCarthy’s more recent output, leaving Blood Meridian alone because I heard this was very violent work.

It’s a brutal book that never gets dragged down into schlock or shock for the hell of it (even though there’s plenty of terrible things that occur in the book, much is written in a very peculiar style that soaks the reader into the world while also leaving the reader feeling like they’re experiencing something cataclysmic). We’re not really supposed to relate to the main character here, known as The Kid, he’s in almost every chapter here but we’re always kept at certain distance from his psyche.

The villain of the story, Judge Holden, ends the book as some sort of specter of evil personified. It reminded me of Twin Peaks, and the evils brought on by Bob. McCarthy’s western works because all these events feel inevitable, Biblical in scope at times, where our characters cannot outrun the terror of the situation they have been complicit and helped bring forth.

[rightscoop]

According to reports, Kevin Costner's ex -wife promised his financial friend

This occurs more than a year after Costner resolved his divorce from Baumgartner after a messy judicial battle. Kevin Costner has talked about his separation from his ex -wife, noting that he felt “injured” and crushed by divorce. The article continues under the ad Christine Baumgartner is committed to Josh Connor MEGA A source confirmed the news for People’s magazineSaying that the duo’s…

[turnaboutmerri]

@lana-baumgartner

Please check Islam's new blog here @islamgzacc4

Islam, a 27-year-old physical therapist from Gaza, needs urgent help after his home was destroyed by Israeli bombings. Now, he and his family, including his 85-year-old grandfather who lost a hand in an earlier attack, are without shelter. They are struggling to find clean water and food, and with winter coming soon, they worry the tent they live in will flood again, just like last year.

Recently, Islam shared another heartbreaking update: his mother has been diagnosed with malignant cancer. Years of war, limited access to healthcare, and the toxic conditions caused by ongoing bombings have severely impacted her health. Now, in addition to securing necessities, Islam is focused on providing his mother with the treatment she urgently needs.

Islam tries very hard to share his story through his blog, but it has been banned four times, making it difficult to tell people what is happening. To help his family, Islam made a GoFundMe to raise £30,000 for food, water, and shelter. Sadly, only £3,000 has been collected so far, and they still need a lot more to survive.

This fundraiser is confirmed by trusted sources like @gaza-evacuation-funds, @90-ghost, @northgazaupdates2, @riding-with-the-wild-hunt, and @mushroomj.

Every small donation or share can make a big difference in helping Islam and his family during this hard time.

Please donate to Islam’s GoFundMe if you can. If you cannot donate, sharing this post will help spread his message. Together, we can give hope to Islam and his family.

.

[schlauemaus]

Euteruntersuchung: Rind

Adspektion

von hinten, links und rechts

zu achten auf

Asymmetrien

Formveränderungen

Neben-, After-, Zwischenzitzen oder Fisteln

Palpation

alle Viertel vergleichend palpieren

Besichtigung Strichkanalmündung

walkende Palpation der Strichkanäle

walkende Palpation Zitzenzisternenschleimhaut

Eingang in die Drüsenzisterne tasten

Drüsenparechym mit beiden Händen durchtasten

Prüfung der Verschieblichkeit der Euterhaut

bei Trockenstehern: nur große Milchgänge fühlbar

"Euterviertel weich-elastisch, nicht schmerzhaft, Haut verschieblich" "Eutersekret Milchcharakter, ohne Flocken"

[cosmicgoods]

RARE Antique GESUNDHEIT Beer Stein Beerstein Mug Cup Munich Germany Octoberfest

Rare

Antique (This is an early piece; pre-1900s)

Made of a brown, earthenware / stoneware

Ornate details

No chips or cracks, lovely condition!

Large! 7" T (17.5cm) x 3" opening (9cm) x 6" W including the handle (15.5cm)

I package well and ship out daily!

Oktoberfest

71 languagesFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the original festival in Munich. For Oktoberfest celebrations around the world, see Oktoberfest celebrations.

For other uses, see Oktoberfest (disambiguation).

OktoberfestObserved byMunich, BavariaTypeLocalCelebrationsParades, food, music, drinking2023 date16 September2024 date21 SeptemberFrequencyAnnualRelated toOktoberfest celebrations

Oktoberfest (German pronunciation: [ɔkˈtoːbɐˌfɛst] ⓘ; Bavarian: Wiesn, Oktobafest) is the world's largest Volksfest, featuring a beer festival and a travelling carnival, and is held annually in Munich, Bavaria, from mid- or late-September to the first Sunday in October, with more than six million international and national visitors attending the event. Locally, it is called d'Wiesn, after the colloquial name for the fairgrounds, Theresienwiese. Oktoberfest is an important part of local culture, having been held since the year 1810 (with intermissions). Other cities across the world also hold Oktoberfest celebrations that are modeled after the original Munich event.

During the event, large quantities of Oktoberfest Beer are consumed: in 2014, 7.7 million litres (2,000,000 US gal) were served.[1][2] Visitors also enjoy numerous attractions, such as amusement rides, side stalls, and games. There is also a wide variety of traditional foods available.

Oktoberfest originally took place in the 16-day period leading up to the first Sunday in October. In 1994, this longstanding schedule was modified in response to German reunification. As a result, if the first Sunday in October falls on the 1st or the 2nd, then the festival runs until 3 October (German Unity Day which is a public holiday). Thus, the festival now runs for 17 days when the first Sunday is 2 October and 18 days when it is 1 October. In 2010, the festival lasted until the first Monday in October (4 October), to mark the event's bicentennial.

History

[edit]

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Horse race at the Oktoberfest in Munich, 1823

Portrait of a girl wearing a Dirndl dress

Kronprinz Ludwig (1786–1868), later King Ludwig I (reign: 1825–1848), married Princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen on 12 October 1810. The citizens of Munich were invited to attend the festivities held on the fields in front of the city gates to celebrate the royal event. The fields were named "Theresienwiese" ("Theresa's Meadow") in honour of the Crown Princess, and have kept that name ever since, although the locals have abbreviated the name simply to Wiesn.[3] Horse races, in the tradition of the 15th-century Scharlachrennen ("Scarlet Race at Karlstor"), were held on 18 October to honor the newlyweds. It is widely believed that Andreas Michael Dall'Armi, a major in the National Guard, proposed the idea. However, the origins of the horse races, and Oktoberfest itself, may have stemmed from proposals offered by Franz Baumgartner, a coachman and sergeant in the National Guard. The precise origins of the festival and horse races remain a matter of controversy. However, the decision to repeat the horse races, spectacle, and celebrations in 1811 launched what is now the annual Oktoberfest tradition.

The fairground, once outside the city, was chosen due to its natural suitability, which it still holds today. The Sendlinger Hill (today Theresienhohe) was used as a grandstand for 40,000 race spectators. The festival grounds remained undeveloped, except for the king's tent. The tastings of "Traiteurs" and other wine and beer took place above the visitors in the stands on the hill. Before the race started, a performance was held in homage of the bridegroom and of the royal family in the form of a train of 16 pairs of children dressed in Wittelsbach costumes, and costumes from the nine Bavarian townships and other regions. This was followed by the punishing race with 30 horses on a 3,400 metres (11,200 ft) long racetrack, and concluded with the singing of a student choir. The first horse to cross the finish line belonged to Franz Baumgartner (one of the purported festival initiators). Horse racing champion and Minister of State Maximilian von Montgelas presented Baumgartner with his gold medal.[4]

Transformation into a public festival

[edit]

19th century

[edit]

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

In 1811, a show was added to promote Bavarian agriculture. In 1813, the festival was canceled due to the involvement of Bavaria in the Napoleonic Wars, after which the Oktoberfest grew from year to year. The horse races were accompanied by tree climbing, bowling alleys, and swings and other attractions. In 1818, carnival booths appeared; the main prizes awarded were of silver, porcelain, and jewelry. The city fathers assumed responsibility for festival management in 1819, and it was decided that Oktoberfest become an annual event. In 1832, the date was moved some weeks later, as a Greek delegation came. It inspired them for the Zappas Olympics, which became in 1896 the modern Olympic Games.[citation needed] Later,[when?] the Oktoberfest was lengthened and the date pushed forward because days are longer and warmer at the end of September[contradictory]. The horse race continued until 1960, and the agricultural show still exists today and is held every four years in the southern part of the festival grounds.

To honour the marriage of Prince Ludwig and Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen, a parade took place for the first time in 1810. Since 1850, the parade has become an annual event and an important component of the Oktoberfest. Eight thousand people—mostly from Bavaria—and dressed in traditional costumes walk from Maximilian Street through the centre of Munich to the Oktoberfest grounds. The march is led by the Münchner Kindl.

Bavaria statue above the Theresienwiese

Since 1850, the statue of Bavaria has watched over the Oktoberfest. This worldly Bavarian patron was first sketched by Leo von Klenze in a classic style and Ludwig Michael Schwanthaler romanticised and Germanised the draft.[citation needed] The statue was constructed by Johann Baptist Stiglmaier and Ferdinand von Miller.

In 1853, the Bavarian Ruhmeshalle was completed. In 1854, the festival was cancelled after 3,000 residents of Munich including the queen consort died during a cholera epidemic. There was no Oktoberfest in 1866 because Bavaria was involved in the Austro-Prussian War. In 1870, the Franco-Prussian War again forced the cancellation of the festival. In 1873, the festival was cancelled due to yet another cholera epidemic. In 1880, electric light illuminated more than 400 booths and tents. In 1881, booths selling Bratwurst opened and the first beer was served in glass mugs in 1892.

At the end of the 19th century, a re-organization took place. Until then, there were games of skittles, large dance floors, and trees for climbing in the beer booths. Organizers wanted more room for guests and musicians which resulted in the booths becoming beer halls which are still used today.

In 1887, the parade of the Oktoberfest staff and breweries took place for the first time. This event showcases the splendidly decorated horse teams of the breweries and the bands that play in the festival tents. This event always takes place on the first Saturday of the Oktoberfest and serves as the official prelude to the Oktoberfest celebration.

20th century

[edit]

At the 100th anniversary of Oktoberfest in 1910, an estimated 120,000 litres of beer were consumed. Three years later, the Bräurosl was founded, which at that time was the largest pavilion ever built, accommodating approximately 12,000 people.[5]

Due to World War I, Oktoberfest was temporarily suspended from 1914 to 1918. The two years after the war, in 1919 and 1920, Oktoberfest was replaced by the so-called kleineres Herbstfest (which can be translated as "smaller autumn celebration"), and in 1923 and 1924 the Oktoberfest was cancelled due to hyperinflation.[5]

During National Socialism, Oktoberfest was used as part of Nazi propaganda.[6] In 1933, Jews were forbidden to work on the Wiesn.[7] Two years later, Oktoberfest's 125th anniversary was celebrated with all the frills. The main event was a big parade.

The slogan proud city—cheerful country was meant to show the alleged overcoming of differences between social classes, and can be seen as an example of the regime's consolidation of power. In 1938, after Hitler had annexed Austria and won the Sudetenland via the Munich Agreement, Oktoberfest was renamed to Großdeutsches Volksfest (Greater German folk festival), and as a showing of strength, the Nazi regime transported people from Sudetenland to the Wiesn by the score.[8]

During World War II, from 1939 to 1945, no Oktoberfest was celebrated. Following the war, from 1946 to 1948, Munich celebrated only the "Autumn Fest". The sale of proper Oktoberfest beer—2% stronger in gravity than normal beer—was not permitted; guests could only drink normal beer.

Since its foundation, there have been 26 years in which it was canceled.[9]

Since 1950, the festival has always been opened with the same traditional procedure: At noon, a 12-gun salute is followed by the tapping of the first keg of Oktoberfest beer by the Mayor of Munich with the proclamation "O'zapft is!" ("It's tapped!" in the Austro-Bavarian dialect). The Mayor then gives the first litre of beer to the Minister-President of the State of Bavaria. The first mayor to tap a keg was Thomas Wimmer.

Gamsbärte at the entry of the Oktoberfest restaurateurs, 2008

Before the festival officially starts, parades are held with the traditional marksmen's clubs, beer-tent waitresses, and landlords participating. There are two different parades which both end at the Theresienwiese. They start around 9:45 a.m. to 10.50 am.[10]

During Oktoberfest, some locals wear Bavarian hats (Tirolerhüte), which contain a tuft of chamois hair (Gamsbart). Historically, in Bavaria chamois hair was highly valued and prized. The more tufts of chamois hair on one's hat, the wealthier one was considered to be. Due to modern technology, this tradition has declined with the appearance of chamois hair imitations on the market.[citation needed]

For medical treatment of visitors, the Bavarian branch of the German Red Cross operates an aid facility and provides emergency medical care on the festival grounds, staffed with around 100 volunteer medics and doctors per day.[11]

They serve together with special detachments of Munich police, the fire department and other municipal authorities in the service centre at the Behördenhof (authorities' court), a large building specially built for the Oktoberfest at the east side of the Theresienwiese, just behind the tents. There is also a station for lost and found children, a lost property office, a security point for women and other public services.[12]

Since the 1970s, local German gay organizations have organized "Gay Days" at Oktoberfest, which since the 21st century always begin in the Bräurosl tent on the first Sunday.[13]

1980 bombing

[edit]

Main article: Oktoberfest bombing

A pipe bomb was set off in a dustbin near the toilets at the main entrance on 26 September 1980 at 22:19. The bomb consisted of an empty fire extinguisher filled with 1.39 kilograms of TNT and mortar shells. Thirteen people were killed and over 225 were injured, 68 seriously. The case is still under criminal investigation by the State Police on behalf of the National Prosecutor General as of 2022 which had been stalled for several decades in between.[14]

This is the second-deadliest terrorist attack in the history of Germany after the Munich massacre.

Federal and state law enforcement authorities initiated numerous official inquiries, concluding that a right-wing extremist, Gundolf Köhler, from Donaueschingen, a social outcast who was killed in the explosion, was the sole perpetrator. However, both this account and the number of perpetrators are strongly disputed by various groups.[15]

21st century

[edit]

Music entertainment at the Oktoberfest, 2015

To keep the Oktoberfest, especially the beer tents, amicable for the elderly and families, the concept of the "quiet Oktoberfest" was developed in 2005. Until 6:00 pm, the orchestras in the tents only play brass music (for example traditional folk music). Only after that may Schlager pop or electric music be played, which had led to excessively raucous behaviour in earlier years.[16] The music played in the afternoon is limited to 85 decibels. With these rules, the organisers of the Oktoberfest were able to curb[dubious – discuss] the tumultuous party mentality and preserve the traditional beer-tent atmosphere.

In 2005 Germany's last traveling enterprise amusement ride, the Mondlift, returned to the Oktoberfest.[17]

Starting in 2008, a new Bavarian law was passed to ban smoking in all enclosed spaces open to the public.[18] Because of problems enforcing the anti-smoking law in the big tents, an exception was granted to the Oktoberfest in 2008, although the sale of tobacco was not allowed. After heavy losses in the 2008 local elections, with the smoking ban being a big issue in political debates, the state's ruling party implemented general exemptions to beer tents and small pubs.

The change in regulations was aimed in particular to benefit the large tents of the Oktoberfest:[19] smoking in the tents is still legal, but the tents usually have non-smoking areas.[20] The sale of tobacco in the tents is now legal, but is widely boycotted by mutual agreement. However, in early 2010, a referendum held in Bavaria as a result of a popular initiative re-instituted the original, strict, smoking ban of 2008; thus, no beer will be sold to people caught smoking in the tents.[21]

The blanket smoking ban did not take effect until 2011,[18] but all tents instituted the smoking ban in 2010 to do a "dry run" to identify any unforeseeable issues.[22]

Celebrating 200 years of Oktoberfest in 2010

The year 2010 marked the Oktoberfest Bicentennial.[23] For the anniversary, a horse race in historical costumes was held on opening day. A so-called historische Wiesn (historical Oktoberfest) took place,[23] starting one day earlier than usual on the southern part of the festival grounds. A specially brewed beer (solely available at the tents of the historical Oktoberfest), horse races, and a museum tent gave visitors an impression of how the event felt two centuries ago.[23]

In 2013, 6.4 million people visited Oktoberfest, and visitors were served 6.7 million litres of beer.[24]

On 21 April 2020, Bavarian Minister-President Markus Söder and the mayor of Munich Dieter Reiter announced the cancellation of the 2020 Oktoberfest due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[25][26] On 3 May 2021, Söder and Reiter announced that the Oktoberfest hiatus would be extended, deferring the next one to 2022. Söder noted the unfeasibility of social distancing in the festival's beer tents, adding, "Imagine there was a new wave and it then became a super-spreader event. The brand would be damaged forever and we don't want that."[27]

Oide Wiesn

[edit]

On the occasion of the 200th anniversary in 2010 a so-called Historisches Oktoberfest (Historical Oktoberfest) was designed on the site of the Central Agricultural Festival at the south end of the Theresienwiese. It opened one day before the official Oktoberfest with the traditional keg tapping by the Lord Mayor.[23] Due to the popularity of the Oide Wiesn, it was established as a permanent feature from 2011.[28]

Main entrance to the Historical Oktoberfest

The comprehensive five acres of fenced grounds presented historic rides, beer tents and other historical attractions such as a Steckerlfisch grilling, a chain swing and a cotton candy stand. Included in the price of admission, an animal tent and the racecourse could be visited next to the museum.

The animal tent included, among other things, a petting zoo, and was managed by the Hellabrunn Zoo and the Bavarian Farmers Association. The Munich Stadtmuseum took over the design of the museum tent. The Oktoberfest anniversary was accompanied by an artistic and cultural program, in which for example the Biermösl Blosn (local entertainers) performed.

The bands performing in the relatively small Herzkasperl Festzelt—offering 850 seats—had to do without electrical amplification.[29]

The fest-tent name derives from a famous stage character of the actor Jörg Hube, who died in 2009.[30]

The six main Munich breweries Augustiner, Hacker-Pschorr, Hofbräu, Löwenbräu, Paulaner and Spaten presented a special exclusively brewed dark beer, which was made after a historic recipe from the early 19th century.

Folk dancers performing at the Historisches Oktoberfest

The beer mugs in the beer tents did not have the company logo of the breweries, but rather the inscription "Munich beer". Unlike the usual Oktoberfest, the Historic Wiesn closed at 8 pm. Instead of the 300,000 guests estimated by the city council, well over half a million visitors came. The festival site had to be temporarily closed several times due to overcrowding.

According to the Munich City Council Decision on 16 October 2012, the entry fee for the Historical Oktoberfest, now called Oide Wiesn (Bavarian for "old fairground"), in 2013 was to be three euros again. For the first time a re-entry was possible with the tickets. The historic rides in 2013 required a 1 Euro fee.

Other changes made at that Munich City Council meeting were that the musicians' tent increased the number of indoor seats from 1000 to 1,500. Outside tent seating increased from 800 to 1,000. They also supported the Showman Foundation with a contribution of €200,000, so it could run a museum tent, a velodrome, as well as a children's program.[31] Also in 2013, the total festival area was enlarged and attractive entrances were added.

Lastly, according to a City Council decision, there will be an Oide Wiesn again in 2015 before the Central Agricultural Exhibition claims the location again on the Theresienwiese in 2016.[needs update]

Rosa Wiesn

[edit]

Rosa Wiesn in 2016

The Rosa Wiesn, also known as Gay Oktoberfest, refers to a number of annual LGBT events which take place throughout the Oktoberfest period in Munich. The main feature event is in the Bräurosl (Hacker-Pschorr) tent on the first Sunday and is sometimes called 'Gay Sunday'. Other events take place throughout the weeks of the festival with some requiring a pre-booking. These include meet and greets, Lion's night (Löwennacht), brunches and cultural programmes.[32][33][34]

The tradition of Rosa Wiesn traces its origins to the 1970s when friends of the Munich Lion's Club, MLC (Münchner Löwen Club), a leather and fetish society, first booked the balcony at the Bräurosl festival tent and were mistaken to have been a football club. However, the group was welcomed by the owners and waiters who enjoyed having them, and so the meet-up became an annual event. Rosa Wiesn is now one of the major events in the LGBT calendar in Germany with Gay Sunday alone attracting over 8,000 LGBT festival-goers. It is now the second-biggest LGBT event to take place after Christopher Street Day.[35][36]

Highlights

[edit]

Coachmen in costume

Entry of the restaurateurs and breweries

[edit]

The Hacker-Pschorr Brewery horse team

The story of the entry of the Oktoberfest restaurateurs and breweries for the opening of the Oktoberfest began in 1887, when the then manager, Hans Steyrer, first marched from his meadow to the Tegernseer Landstraße with his staff, a brass band and a load of beer to the Theresienwiese.[citation needed]

In its current form, the parade has taken place since 1935, where all the breweries first took part. Since then, the parade is led by the Münchner Kindl, followed by the incumbent mayor of Munich in the Schottenhammel family carriage since 1950. This is followed by the decorated horse carriages and floats of the breweries and the carriages of the other restaurateurs and showmen. The music bands from the beer tents accompany the parade.[37]

Beer barrel tapping

[edit]

Main article: O'zapft is!

After the parade of the restaurateurs on carriages from downtown to the festival grounds, at exactly 12:00 clock the lord mayor opens the first beer barrel in the Schottenhammel tent. With the initial pass and the Bavarian exclamation, "O'zapft is!" (es ist angezapft—It has been tapped!) the Oktoberfest is declared opened.

Twelve gunshots are then fired on the stairway of Ruhmeshalle. This is the signal for the other restaurateurs to start with the serving of beer.[38] Traditionally, the Bavarian Minister-President is served the first litre of beer. Then in the other tents, the first barrels are tapped and beer is served to the visitors.

Every year, visitors eagerly await to see how many strokes the mayor needs to use before the first beer flows. Bets are even made. The best performance is still two strokes (Christian Ude, 2005, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013; Dieter Reiter, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019),[39] and there was also 19 strokes required (Thomas Wimmer, 1950).

Costume and riflemen parade

[edit]

In honor of the silver wedding anniversary of King Ludwig I of Bavaria and Princess Therese, a traditional costume parade took place in 1835 for the first time. In 1895, the Bavarian novelist Maximilian Schmidt organized another parade with 1,400 participants in 150 traditional costume groups.[40] Another parade was organized for the 100th anniversary celebrations in 1910 by Julius and Moritz Wallach, promoters of the Dirndl and Lederhosen as fashion.[41][42]

Participants in the 2013 costume and riflemen parade

From 1950 to 2019 and resuming in 2022, this parade is organized annually and has become one of the highlights of the Oktoberfest and one of the world's largest parades of its kind. On the first festival Sunday, 8000 participants march in the parade in their historic festival costumes from the Maximilianeum on a seven kilometer stretch to the festival grounds.

This parade is also led by the Münchner Kindl; followed by notables of the city council and the city administration and the state of Bavaria, usually the minister-president and his wife, traditional costume and rifle clubs, musical bands, marching bands, flag-wavers and about 40 carriages with decorated horses and carts. The clubs and groups come mostly out of Bavaria, but also from other German states, Austria, Switzerland, Northern Italy and other European countries. The entry of the Wiesnwirte (innkeepers) and the traditional costume and marksmen procession is organized by the Festring München.[43]

Beers

[edit]

A waitress with Hacker-Pschorr, one of the traditional beers allowed to be served at Oktoberfest. She wears a Dirndl, a traditional women's dress of Bavaria.

Only beer conforming to the Reinheitsgebot and brewed within the city limits of Munich can be served at the Munich Oktoberfest.[citation needed]

Beers meeting these criteria are designated Oktoberfest Beer,[44][45] although the name "Oktoberfest beer" also denotes two distinct beer styles: a traditional Märzen lager and a paler Festbier, that is now more commonly served at Oktoberfest itself.[46][47]

The breweries that can produce Oktoberfest beer under the aforementioned criteria are:[48]

Augustiner-Bräu

Hacker-Pschorr-Bräu

Löwenbräu

Paulaner

Spatenbräu

Staatliches Hofbräu-München

Oktoberfest Beer is a registered trademark by the Club of Munich Brewers, which consists of the above six breweries.[44]

Facts and data

[edit]

Size

[edit]

The Oktoberfest fairground (Theresienwiese) in Munich, aerial view

The Oktoberfest is known as the largest Volksfest (folk festival) in the world.[49]

In 1999, there were six and a half million visitors[50] to the 42-hectare Theresienwiese; 72% of visitors are from Bavaria.[51] 15% of visitors come from foreign countries, including surrounding EU countries and other non-European countries such as the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and East Asia.[52]

Besides the Oktoberfest, there are other public festivals that take place at the same location. The Munich Frühlingsfest ("spring festival") is held in April and May; the Tollwood Festival is in December and attracts 650,000 visitors.

After the Oktoberfest, the next largest public fairs in Germany are: the Cannstatter Volksfest in Stuttgart, with about 4.5 million visitors each year; the Cranger Kirmes in Herne (Wanne-Eickel) (the largest fair in North Rhine-Westphalia), with 4.4 million visitors; the Rheinkirmes in Düsseldorf (called "the largest fair on the Rhine"); and the Freimarkt in Bremen (the biggest fair in northern Germany), with over 4 million visitors per year each. Also noteworthy is the Schützenfest Hannover, the world's largest marksmen's fun fair in Hannover, with over 1 million visitors per year; the Kiel Week, the world's biggest sailing event; and Volksfest in Kiel, with about 3 million visitors.

Dates

[edit]

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Since 1994, the Oktoberfest runs for 16 days with the last day being the first Sunday in October. However, if day 16 falls before 3 October (German Unity Day), then the festival will continue until the 3rd (see table below).

YearDatesSpecial Features200016 Sep – 3 Oct18 days, with ZLF*200122 Sep – 7 Oct200221 Sep – 6 Oct200320 Sep – 5 Oct200418 Sep – 3 Octwith ZLF*200517 Sep – 3 Oct17 days200616 Sep – 3 Oct18 days200722 Sep – 7 Oct200820 Sep – 5 Oct175th Oktoberfest (with ZLF*)200919 Sep – 4 Oct201018 Sep – 4 Oct200th Anniversary (with ZLF*)201117 Sep – 3 Oct17 days201222 Sep – 7 Octwith ZLF*201321 Sep – 6 Oct201420 Sep – 5 Oct201519 Sep – 4 Oct201617 Sep – 3 Oct17 days201716 Sep – 3 Oct18 days201822 Sep – 7 Oct201921 Sep – 6 Oct202019 Sep – 4 OctCancelled, due to the COVID-19 pandemic[53]202118 Sep – 3 Oct202217 Sep – 3 Oct17 days202316 Sep – 3 Oct18 days202421 Sep – 6 Oct16 days

* Bayerisches Zentral-Landwirtschaftsfest (Bavarian Central Agriculture Fair)

Security at the Oktoberfest

[edit]

Police video surveillance

Technical accidents have rarely occurred throughout Oktoberfest history. The rides are extensively tested in advance, and the examination is performed by the cableways and temporary structures department of today's TÜV SÜD.

On 30 September 1996, there was a collision on the Euro Star roller coaster, which injured 30, and was caused by a worn safety brake that went unnoticed during inspection. The Munich prosecutor tried to accuse the engineer, from TÜV Munich, of negligent injury, but the proceedings did not come to a conclusion.[54]

To reduce the number of thefts, fights, and sexual assault cases during Oktoberfest, protection measures for visitors have been improved in recent years. For example, in 2003 the campaign Sichere Wiesn für Mädchen und Frauen (Safe Oktoberfest for Girls and Women) was launched.

The authorities court

In 2004, a new service center was placed in the authorities court, in which the police, the Munich Fire Department, medical services, and a department of district administration is located. During the Oktoberfest, a police station specifically for the festival is installed, and can be reached with the emergency number 5003220.

Due to the numerous Italian visitors to the Oktoberfest, since 2005 officers from Bolzano, Italy have also been present. For decades, the Bavarian Red Cross has been responsible for medical service at the Oktoberfest.

Additional medical services are located in the Fischer Vroni tent (Aicher Ambulance), and the Munich U-Bahn has commissioned additional backups in the rapid transit station Theresienwiese provided by the Johanniter-Unfall-Hilfe. In the authorities court, an ambulance and miniature hospital, complete with operating theater, are readily available. During the Oktoberfest, additional emergency vehicles are on the alert at the control centers, and extra staff is on hand in case they are needed.

In 2010, as a public safety measure, a dog and animal ban was put into place. 2012 brought the banning of glass bottles after the increase in the number of injuries and cuts.

The safety concepts of the event have been modified and adapted continuously over the past decades:

After the bombing in 1980, the main entrance of the Oktoberfest was redesigned in 1981.

In 2001, a few weeks after 9-11 attacks, security checkpoints were added at the main entrance.

In 2008, the Theresienwiese was closed off to the public during the construction of the Oktoberfest.

In 2009, road blocks were raised, and access controls during the festival, due to the perceived threat of attacks by Islamists, were increased.

2010 brought the implementation of advances to the security plan, including three lockdown rings around the Theresienwiese as well as access control and flight bans over the festival grounds.[55]

In addition, 52 two-metre (6 ft 7 in) high concrete bollards were placed in the access roads and pedestrian entrances to prevent vehicle-ramming attacks.

In 2011, the security measures were once again increased, this time with 170 partially retractable bollards also designed to prevent forcible access to the festival grounds with a vehicle.[56]

The Bavariaring is closed off to allow security forces adequate space to react. Police can quickly divert the crowds if needed through radio communication, as well as closing down train stations.[57]

Following the 2016 Munich shooting, a retractable security fence was added. Previously, 350 metres (1,150 ft) of the Oktoberfest were still unfenced.

Up to 450 security guards will stand at the 13 official entrances and check all incoming guests. Also, backpacks and bags with a volume of more than 3 litres (0.66 imp gal; 0.79 US gal) are no longer allowed on the festival grounds.

In addition, the front exit of the subway station Theresienwiese has been closed off.[58]

Energy supply

[edit]

Oktoberfest 2003 seen at night from the Ferris wheel

The Oktoberfest is powered via 43 kilometers of cable and 18 partially underground transformer stations. The Oktoberfest's power consumption totals approximately 2.9 million kilowatt hours, not including assembly and dismantling of the attractions.[59]

To supply the tents with natural gas, a four-kilometer long network of gas lines was built. The gas consumption amounts to 159,000 cubic meters for the kitchens of various catering establishments, and 42,000 cubic meters to heat the beer gardens.[59] Most festival tents and rides use green electricity from Stadtwerke München (Munich City Utilities) to reduce pollution.

Because even a short power outage could lead to panic, all power supplies have redundancy and are fed separately. Even the lights of the individual marquees are supplied from two different substations. Despite all the precautions, on 25 September 2007, several hours of power failure occurred after a cable channel had been flooded due to heavy rains. Since the power outage occurred in the morning, there were service shortages in the catering areas, but no panic resulted.[60]

To ensure sufficient capacity of cellular networks, each year several mobile masts are set up in the lawn areas surrounding the festival.

Transportation

[edit]

Theresienwiese, the closest U-Bahn station to the Oktoberfest

The Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft (Munich Transport Company) reports transporting almost four million visitors, to and from, the festival grounds each Oktoberfest. Especially at night, the U- and S-Bahn trains are full. The underground station, Theresienwiese, has trains arriving at rush hour in three-minute intervals. The station occasionally needs to be closed due to overcrowding after the closure of the beer tents. To ensure smooth operation and safety of passengers, the Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft and the Deutsche Bahn have increased their security personnel. People are also encouraged to use the nearby stations Goetheplatz, Schwanthalerhöhe and Hackerbrücke (the latter of the S-Bahn) or walk the short distance from the main railway station on foot.

There are significant negative effects pertaining to traffic. Since numerous festival goers make their way home by car despite having consumed alcohol, the Bavarian State Police carries out large-scale DUI controls. The city ring roads and highways around Munich are periodically blocked to allow only one lane of through traffic, which leads to massive traffic congestion.

Especially during the middle weekend of the festival, many Italians arrive with caravans (this weekend is therefore referred to by the residents of Munich as "the Italians' weekend").[61]

In response, the government imposes camping bans in many parts of the city. At the same time, special parking outside the city is established, which can be reached by public transportation. Large parking areas are available, for example, close to the Allianz Arena. Nevertheless, the parking situation around the festival grounds is critical. As a consequence, the effort for controls and towing services is substantial.

2010, in coordination with the new security concept, taxi stands were relocated. They are now found outside of the security ring further away from the fairground.

Trash and toilets

[edit]

For safety reasons (bombing 1980), there are no trash bins in public areas.[62]

In 2004, the queues outside the toilets became so long that the police had to regulate access. To keep traffic moving through the toilets, men headed for the toilets were directed first to the urinals (giant enclosed grates) if they only needed to urinate. Consequently, the number of toilets was increased by 20% in 2005. Approximately 1,800 toilets and urinals are available today.[citation needed]

Many guests visit the quiet stalls to use their mobile phones. For this reason, there were plans in 2005 to install a Faraday cage around the toilets or to use Mobile phone jammers to prevent telephoning with those devices. Jamming devices are, however, illegal in Germany, and Faraday cages made of copper would have been too expensive, so these ambitious plans were dropped, and signs were placed instead, warning toilet users not to use cellular phones in the stalls.[citation needed] More recently, amplifying live music in the toilets has led to them no longer representing a quiet retreat for telephoning.

Tents

[edit]

Main article: Oktoberfest tents

There are currently fourteen large tents and twenty small tents at the Oktoberfest. The tents are wooden[63] non-permanent structures which are constructed for and only used during the festival. The beer (or wine) served in each is in the accompanying table.[64]

Large tents

[edit]

NameBrewerySeatinginsideoutsideLarge tentsMarstallSpaten-Franziskaner-Bräu3,2001,000ArmbrustschützenzeltPaulaner5,8391,600Hofbräu-FestzeltHofbräu München6,8963,622Hacker-FestzeltHacker-Pschorr6,9002,400SchottenhamelSpaten-Franziskaner-Bräu6,0004,000Winzerer FähndlPaulaner8,4502,450Schützen-FesthalleLöwenbräu4,4420Käfer Wiesn-SchänkePaulaner1,0001,900WeinzeltNymphenburger Sekt1,300600Paulaner WeißbierLöwenbräu-FesthalleLöwenbräu5,7002,800BräuroslHacker-Pschorr6,0002,200Augustiner-FesthalleAugustiner Bräu6,0002,500OchsenbratereiSpaten5,9001,500Fischer-VroniAugustiner2,695700

Marstall—one of the larger tents, it is the first tent that many visitors see. Traditionally, in the evening, the Oktoberfest band Münchner Zwietracht plays Oktoberfest classics.[65]

Armbrustschützenzelt—translates as the "Crossbowman's Tent", a competition that has been a part of the Oktoberfest since 1895.

Hofbräu-Festzelt—the counterpart to the famous Hofbräuhaus, this tent is especially popular with Americans, Australians and New Zealanders.[66]

Hacker-Festzelt—one of the largest tents on the Wiesn, they have a rock band that plays during the brass band's evening break. This tent markets itself as Himmel der Bayern (Heaven of the Bavarians).

Schottenhamel[67]—reckoned[by whom?] to be the most important tent at the Oktoberfest, mainly because it is located at the beginning. On the first Saturday of the event, no beer is allowed to be served until the Mayor of Munich (currently Dieter Reiter) taps the first keg, at exactly high noon.[68] Only then can the other tents begin to serve beer. The tent is very popular among younger people. A substantial part of the tent is guaranteed to traditional Studentenverbindungen (a particular form of student fraternities) and outfitted with their distinctive colors and coats of arms.

Winzerer Fähndl—literally translates as "Winzerer's little flag" and refers to the name of an old crossbowmen's guild, itself referring to a military unit for the Thirty Years' War: Fähnlein being a 16th–17th century German word for the equivalent of a company/battalion of approximately 400 mercenary soldiers. Kaspar III. Winzerer was the famous Bavarian captain of such a unit. This tent is noted for its huge tower, with a Maß of Paulaner beer sitting atop it.

Schützen-Festhalle—this is a mid-sized tent. Situated under the Bavaria statue, the current tent was newly built in 2004.

Käfer Wiesn-Schänke—the smallest of the large tents at the Oktoberfest, it is frequented by celebrities, and is known for its especially good—and expensive—food. In contrast to the other tents (which must close by 11 p.m.), it is open until 12:30 a.m., and it can be very difficult to gain admittance.

Weinzelt—translates as "wine tent". This tent offers a selection of more than 15 wines, as well as Weißbier.

Löwenbräu-Festhalle—above the entrance is a 4.50-meter (15 foot)-high lion who occasionally drinks from his beer. This is overshadowed by yet another tower where an even larger drinking lion sits.

Bräurosl (Hacker-Pschorr)—translates as "brewer's Rosemary". Named after the daughter of the original brewery owner (Pschorr), this tent has the usual brass band and yodeler. On the first Sunday of the festival, this tent hosts the hugely popular gay and lesbian party, Rosa Wiesn.

Augustiner-Festhalle—considered by many locals to be the best tent, due to the fact it sells the favourite local brew, Augustiner, from individually-tapped wooden kegs rather than stainless steel vats used by the other tents.

Ochsenbraterei—true to its name, this tent offers a great variety of roasted ox dishes.

Fischer-Vroni—translates as "Fisher's Veronika". Another of the smaller tents. Fisch is the German word for fish and this tent carries a huge selection on its menu. The main dish is Steckerlfisch, which is grilled outside of the tent.

Small tents

[edit]

NameBrewerySeatinginsideoutsideSmall tentsAble's Kalbs-KuchlSpaten3000Ammer Hühner & EntenbratereiAugustiner450450Bodo's CafezeltExotic Cocktails4500Café KaiserschmarrnCocktail bar4000Café MohrenkopfXXL cocktails4200Feisingers Ka's und WeinstubnWine & Wheat Beer9290Glöckle WirtSpaten1400Heimer Hendl- und EntenbraterePaulaner4000Heinz Wurst- Und HühnerbratereiPaulaner3600Hochreiters HaxnbratereiLöwenbräu2500Münchner KnödeleiPaulaner30090Poschners Hühner- Und EntenbratereiHacker-Pschorr3500Schiebl's KaffeehaferlIrish Coffee1000Wiesn Guglhupf Café-Dreh-BarMix Bar600Wildmoser HühnerbratereiHacker-Pschorr3200WildstubenAugustiner2710Wirtshaus im Schichtl1200Zum StiftlPaulaner3600Zur BratwurstAugustiner1600

Able's Kalbs-Kuchl—resembling a large Bavarian hut, the "calf kitchen" has a lively party atmosphere.

Ammer Hühner & Entenbraterei—in 1885, poultry dealer Joseph Ammer was allowed to construct his small booth at the Oktoberfest, creating the world's first chicken roastery. Duck is offered as well.

Bodo's Cafezelt—this tent offers exotic cocktails, Prosecco, champagne, coffee, donuts, ice cream, pastries, and strudel variations of all kinds.

Café Kaiserschmarrn—created by Rischart, the café holds a daily commemoration of the occasion of the first Oktoberfest—the wedding of Ludwig I and Therese of Saxony.

Café Mohrenkopf—since 1950 Café Mohrenkopf has been baking cakes and pies fresh daily in the Oktoberfest tent.

Feisingers Ka's und Weinstubn—cheese and everything that complements it is the specialty of the house in this tent.

Glöckle Wirt—decorated with oil paintings, antique instruments and cooking utensils.

Heimer Hendl- und Entenbraterei—very popular among the locals, Heimer's is a family-friendly tent.

Heinz Wurst- Und Hühnerbraterei—since 1906, the Heinz sausage and chicken grill has been a fixture on the Wiesn, specializing in authentic Oktoberfest tradition.

Hochreiters Haxnbraterei—barbecue experts prepare pork knuckles in the only Haxenbraterei (pork knuckle roaster) at the Oktoberfest.

Münchner Knödelei—the dumpling is an icon of Bavarian cuisine, and "preserving and spreading the dumpling culture" is the motto of this smaller tent.

Poschners Hühner- Und Entenbraterei—Poschner's roasted chicken and duck have been a tradition of the Wiesn for four generations.

Schiebl's Kaffeehaferl—with seating for about 100, Schiebl's coffeehouse tent is a meeting place for the whole family. Haferl is the Bavarian term for a (coffee or tea) mug or pot.

Wiesn Guglhupf Café-Dreh-Bar—a Guglhupf is a German cake, like an English bundt cake; this slowly moving carousel bar is easy to spot because it's shaped like one.

Wildmoser Hühnerbraterei—owned by the Wildmoser family since 1981, this small tent has been adopted and popularized by the Munich locals.

Wildstuben—the newest tent at Oktoberfest, featuring intricately detailed woodwork and a hunting lodge ambiance.

Wirtshaus im Schichtl—"The Schichtl is as essential as beer, radish and chicken", former mayor Christian Ude once wrote: "An Oktoberfest without Schichtl is inconceivable".

Zum Stiftl—famous for its traditional duck and roasted chicken dishes, atmosphere, and daily entertainment.

Zur Bratwurst—debuting in 2007, the Hochreiter family has brought back the former Bratwurstglöckl.

Other Oktoberfest Celebrations

[edit]

Main article: Oktoberfest celebrations

Similar folk festivals emerged, following the example of the Munich Oktoberfest. The biggest are the Oktoberfest in Qingdao (China) with around three million visitors annually, the Oktoberfest in Kitchener, Canada with around 700,000 visitors annually, and the Oktoberfest of Blumenau in Blumenau, Brazil with around 600,000 visitors annually. Similar fairs are also celebrated in the United States, Australia, Russia, Namibia, and Japan. At Oktoberfest Zinzinnati, Cincinnati has been commemorating their German ancestors every year since 1976 and named the festival after the German pronunciation. With over 500,000 visitors annually, it the largest Oktoberfest in the United States.[69]

In Germany, there are various, regional variants of the Oktoberfest. The biggest is Oktoberfest Hannover, which represents the second biggest Oktoberfest in Germany with around 500,000 visitors a year.

From September 23 to October 2, 2011, the first "Viennese Wiesn" on the Kaiserwiese between Praterstern and Riesenrad in front of the Wiener Prater was visited by 150,000 people with three tents.[70]

The Cannstatter Volksfest, with around four million visitors, has a similarly long history.

[boostinglashi]

Deadline sooner than expected! need 240 dollars (current number at time of queue campaign is $4,227 raised total ever for campaign, need to reach $4,467)

"Hey friends, I'm so sorry to keep sending you messages every day, but I'm in a real mess. I'm not fully aware of what happened to me today, it was a huge shock. Please friends, I really need help, I need it ASAP. You are my only hope, you'll understand everything if you read the latest update I just made. I'm sorry again, but I have no choice but you. I'm temporarily banned from Tumblr messages. https://www.tumblr.com/sameergaza/787316082054692864/very-very-important?source=share"

Please share/reblog, and maybe donate if you can. DM @/virovac if want to be removed   @watchnpray @kahin @captainsaltymuyfancy @brutaliakhoa @flouryhedgehog @papasmoke @halalgirlmeg @userpeggycarter @cruzwalters @greenmossyrock @northgazaupdates @horsesarecreatures @the-sera @proxycrit @gazagfmboost @aces-and-angels @tiredguyswag @fuckgimp @maaszeltov @contra-file @venus-is-in-bloom @celadonwanderer @ramshackledtrickster @galacticmermaid @labyrinthal @lunehowls @naggingatlas @lana-baumgartner @xxlunawarriorxx @solarpunkwitchcraft @zivazivc @dearmouse @sotogalmo @85-rend @the-meme-monarch @peachdeluxe @classychassiss @c-u-c-koo-4-40k @they-bite @grox @blissocean @whalefill @ciderjacks @renmorris @shamemp3 @white-chalk-sapphomet @tea-bijou @zoebelladona @freedomfromtherivertothesea @quitedisastrous

Hello my friends who I am proud of, welcome to those who are like a support that does not bow, I address you simple words, the past period was one of the most severe and difficult moments of our lives in the steadfast Gaza that everyone has let down, everyone knows what we suffer from the circumstances here and the harshness of scenes that I do not want to mention again.

You are the only ones, yes, you are the ones who stood by us. You are the ones who helped families and individuals to complete their lives and compensate them for some of what they lost in this fierce war, so I am like Samir on my behalf and on behalf of my family. I thank you all without exception, because you have been by our side all this time. I just wanted to start my post with these words that you deserve 🫂❤️.

In short, so as not to prolong.

Guys, the past period has been very difficult in terms of food and drink, rent costs, and education costs. I have chosen, the most priority and I chose to collect costs for the most thing we needed in the past period, I will mention it now :

I asked for $500 to rent the house we live in now, and thanks to you, I was very successful with that. Then I collected $500 to buy food. It took longer, but it's okay, I succeeded and achieved the goal of feeding my family and satisfying their hunger.

Thus, the basic costs have been achieved, which are rent and food. Thank you for that 🙏 .

I still have a personal goal, which is the costs of education, as you know, I am Samir, a software engineer studying at the Islamic University in Gaza, in my fourth year.

All I want to say is that I am about to finish my educational career and not waste the effort of many years that have passed.

I will note something simple before the war, my father was paying for the study costs, but since the beginning of the war I have not paid any of these costs, I have paid some of these costs but they accumulate little by little, imagine with me for two years and I am trying hard to save these fees, but the war has another opinion, I can't and my father can neither, and debts have accumulated a lot .

I have two very important goals in this publication, but there is a goal from both of them based on collecting the amount as soon as possible during the next 5 or 6 days.

1 - The first goal is the costs of quarterly fees, which are worth 550 Jordanian dinars, I paid about 200 dinars in two stages, and I have one last payment left that I need as soon as possible before the end of the semester. So that I can take the final exams and pass the class and be able to start a new semester. What is required is only 350 dollars.

2 - The second goal is to collect the accumulated amount of 1122 dinars = equivalent to about $1,600. I’ll explain the offer from that.

There is a system in my university that if I do not pay all the required costs, and I graduate, I will not be able to get my degree from the university, and the fatigue of the past years will go away unless I can collect the accumulated amount, everything will be fine.

I have attached in this post pictures that explain everything.

That’s all I want to say so far, guys, I hope to find cooperation from you on this issue because I urgently need help. And thank you 🤍.

Donation link 👇🏻👇🏻

My campaign link.

The deadline is 5 days for the first goal and I need it as soon as possible. If I can’t collect it, I won’t be able to pass the final exams and finish the class. 💔

I trust you

Campaign verification link.

[siddysthings]

Kevin Costner’s Ex Christine Is Dating Josh Connor After Divorce: She Is ‘Happy’ (Source Exclusive)

[this-week-in-rust]

This Week in Rust 510

Hello and welcome to another issue of This Week in Rust! Rust is a programming language empowering everyone to build reliable and efficient software. This is a weekly summary of its progress and community. Want something mentioned? Tag us at @ThisWeekInRust on Twitter or @ThisWeekinRust on mastodon.social, or send us a pull request. Want to get involved? We love contributions.

This Week in Rust is openly developed on GitHub and archives can be viewed at this-week-in-rust.org. If you find any errors in this week's issue, please submit a PR.

Updates from Rust Community

Official

Announcing Rust 1.72.0

Change in Guidance on Committing Lockfiles

Cargo changes how arrays in config are merged

Seeking help for initial Leadership Council initiatives

Leadership Council Membership Changes

Newsletters

This Week in Ars Militaris VIII

Project/Tooling Updates

rust-analyzer changelog #196

The First Stable Release of a Memory Safe sudo Implementation

We're open-sourcing the library that powers 1Password's ability to log in with a passkey

ratatui 0.23.0 is released! (official successor of tui-rs)

Zellij 0.38.0: session-manager, plugin infra, and no more offensive session names

Observations/Thoughts

The fastest WebSocket implementation

Rust Malware Staged on Crates.io

ESP32 Standard Library Embedded Rust: SPI with the MAX7219 LED Dot Matrix

A JVM in Rust part 5 - Executing instructions

Compiling Rust for .NET, using only tea and stubbornness!

Ad-hoc polymorphism erodes type-safety

How to speed up the Rust compiler in August 2023

This isn't the way to speed up Rust compile times

Rust Cryptography Should be Written in Rust

Dependency injection in Axum handlers. A quick tour

Best Rust Web Frameworks to Use in 2023

From tui-rs to Ratatui: 6 Months of Cooking Up Rust TUIs

[video] Rust 1.72.0

[video] Rust 1.72 Release Train

Rust Walkthroughs

[series] Distributed Tracing in Rust, Episode 3: tracing basics

Use Rust in shell scripts

A Simple CRUD API in Rust with Cloudflare Workers, Cloudflare KV, and the Rust Router

[video] base64 crate: code walkthrough

Miscellaneous

Interview with Rust and operating system Developer Andy Python

Leveraging Rust in our high-performance Java database

Rust error message to fix a typo

[video] The Builder Pattern and Typestate Programming - Stefan Baumgartner - Rust Linz January 2023

[video] CI with Rust and Gitlab Selfhosting - Stefan Schindler - Rust Linz July 2023

Crate of the Week

This week's crate is dprint, a fast code formatter that formats Markdown, TypeScript, JavaScript, JSON, TOML and many other types natively via Wasm plugins.

Thanks to Martin Geisler for the suggestion!

Please submit your suggestions and votes for next week!

Call for Participation

Always wanted to contribute to open-source projects but did not know where to start? Every week we highlight some tasks from the Rust community for you to pick and get started!

Some of these tasks may also have mentors available, visit the task page for more information.

Hyperswitch - add domain type for client secret

Hyperswitch - deserialization error exposes sensitive values in the logs

Hyperswitch - move redis key creation to a common module

mdbook-i18n-helpers - Write tool which can convert translated files back to PO

mdbook-i18n-helpers - Package a language selector

mdbook-i18n-helpers - Add links between translations

Comprehensive Rust - Link to correct line when editing a translation

Comprehensive Rust - Track the number of times the redirect pages are visited

RustQuant - Jacobian and Hessian matrices support.

RustQuant - improve Graphviz plotting of autodiff computational graphs.

RustQuant - bond pricing implementation.

RustQuant - implement cap/floor pricers.

RustQuant - Implement Asian option pricers.

RustQuant - Implement American option pricers.

release-plz - add ability to mark Gitea/GitHub release as draft

zerocopy - CI step "Set toolchain version" is flaky due to network timeouts

zerocopy - Implement traits for tuple types (and maybe other container types?)

zerocopy - Prevent panics statically

zerocopy - Add positive and negative trait impl tests for SIMD types

zerocopy - Inline many trait methods (in zerocopy and in derive-generated code)

datatest-stable - Fix quadratic performance with nextest

Ockam - Use a user-friendly name for the shared services to show it in the tray menu

Ockam - Rename the Port to Address and support such format

Ockam - Ockam CLI should gracefully handle invalid state when initializing

css-inline - Update cssparser & selectors

css-inline - Non-blocking stylesheet resolving

css-inline - Optionally remove all class attributes

If you are a Rust project owner and are looking for contributors, please submit tasks here.

Updates from the Rust Project

366 pull requests were merged in the last week

reassign sparc-unknown-none-elf to tier 3

wasi: round up the size for aligned_alloc

allow MaybeUninit in input and output of inline assembly

allow explicit #[repr(Rust)]

fix CFI: f32 and f64 are encoded incorrectly for cross-language CFI

add suggestion for some #[deprecated] items

add an (perma-)unstable option to disable vtable vptr

add comment to the push_trailing function

add note when matching on tuples/ADTs containing non-exhaustive types

add support for ptr::writes for the invalid_reference_casting lint

allow overwriting ExpnId for concurrent decoding

avoid duplicate large_assignments lints

contents of reachable statics is reachable

do not emit invalid suggestion in E0191 when spans overlap

do not forget to pass DWARF fragment information to LLVM

ensure that THIR unsafety check is done before stealing it

emit a proper diagnostic message for unstable lints passed from CLI

fix races conditions with SyntaxContext decoding

fix waiting on a query that panicked

improve note for the invalid_reference_casting lint

include compiler flags when you break rust;

load include_bytes! directly into an Lrc

make Sharded an enum and specialize it for the single thread case

make rustc_on_unimplemented std-agnostic for alloc::rc

more precisely detect cycle errors from type_of on opaque

point at type parameter that introduced unmet bound instead of full HIR node

record allocation spans inside force_allocation

suggest mutable borrow on read only for-loop that should be mutable

tweak output of to_pretty_impl_header involving only anon lifetimes

use the same DISubprogram for each instance of the same inlined function within a caller

walk through full path in point_at_path_if_possible

warn on elided lifetimes in associated constants (ELIDED_LIFETIMES_IN_ASSOCIATED_CONSTANT)

make RPITITs capture all in-scope lifetimes

add stable for Constant in smir

add generics_of to smir

add smir predicates_of

treat StatementKind::Coverage as completely opaque for SMIR purposes

do not convert copies of packed projections to moves

don't do intra-pass validation on MIR shims

MIR validation: reject in-place argument/return for packed fields

disable MIR SROA optimization by default

miri: automatically start and stop josh in rustc-pull/push

miri: fix some bad regex capture group references in test normalization

stop emitting non-power-of-two vectors in (non-portable-SIMD) codegen

resolve: stop creating NameBindings on every use, create them once per definition instead

fix a pthread_t handle leak

when terminating during unwinding, show the reason why

avoid triple-backtrace due to panic-during-cleanup

add additional float constants

add ability to spawn Windows process with Proc Thread Attributes | Take 2

fix implementation of Duration::checked_div

hashbrown: allow serializing HashMaps that use a custom allocator

hashbrown: change & to &mut where applicable

hashbrown: simplify Clone by removing redundant guards

regex-automata: fix incorrect use of Aho-Corasick's "standard" semantics

cargo: Very preliminary MSRV resolver support

cargo: Use a more compact relative-time format

cargo: Improve TOML parse errors

cargo: add support for target.'cfg(..)'.linker

cargo: config: merge lists in precedence order

cargo: create dedicated unstable flag for asymmetric-token

cargo: set MSRV for internal packages

cargo: improve deserialization errors of untagged enums

cargo: improve resolver version mismatch warning

cargo: stabilize --keep-going

cargo: support dependencies from registries for artifact dependencies, take 2

cargo: use AND search when having multiple terms

rustdoc: add unstable --no-html-source flag

rustdoc: rename typedef to type alias

rustdoc: use unicode-aware checks for redundant explicit link fastpath

clippy: new lint: implied_bounds_in_impls

clippy: new lint: reserve_after_initialization

clippy: arithmetic_side_effects: detect division by zero for Wrapping and Saturating

clippy: if_then_some_else_none: look into local initializers for early returns

clippy: iter_overeager_cloned: detect .cloned().all() and .cloned().any()

clippy: unnecessary_unwrap: lint on .as_ref().unwrap()

clippy: allow trait alias DefIds in implements_trait_with_env_from_iter

clippy: fix "derivable_impls: attributes are ignored"

clippy: fix tuple_array_conversions lint on nightly

clippy: skip float_cmp check if lhs is a custom type

rust-analyzer: diagnostics for 'while let' loop with label in condition

rust-analyzer: respect #[allow(unused_braces)]

Rust Compiler Performance Triage

A fairly quiet week, with improvements exceeding a small scattering of regressions. Memory usage and artifact size held fairly steady across the week, with no regressions or improvements.

Triage done by @simulacrum. Revision range: d4a881e..cedbe5c

2 Regressions, 3 Improvements, 2 Mixed; 0 of them in rollups 108 artifact comparisons made in total

Full report here

Approved RFCs

Changes to Rust follow the Rust RFC (request for comments) process. These are the RFCs that were approved for implementation this week:

Create a Testing sub-team

Final Comment Period

Every week, the team announces the 'final comment period' for RFCs and key PRs which are reaching a decision. Express your opinions now.

RFCs

No RFCs entered Final Comment Period this week.

Tracking Issues & PRs

[disposition: merge] Stabilize PATH option for --print KIND=PATH

[disposition: merge] Add alignment to the NPO guarantee

New and Updated RFCs

[new] Special-cased performance improvement for Iterator::sum on Range<u*> and RangeInclusive<u*>

[new] Cargo Check T-lang Policy

Call for Testing

An important step for RFC implementation is for people to experiment with the implementation and give feedback, especially before stabilization. The following RFCs would benefit from user testing before moving forward:

No RFCs issued a call for testing this week.

If you are a feature implementer and would like your RFC to appear on the above list, add the new call-for-testing label to your RFC along with a comment providing testing instructions and/or guidance on which aspect(s) of the feature need testing.

Upcoming Events

Rusty Events between 2023-08-30 - 2023-09-27 🦀

Virtual

2023-09-05 | Virtual (Buffalo, NY, US) | Buffalo Rust Meetup

Buffalo Rust User Group, First Tuesdays

2023-09-05 | Virtual (Munich, DE) | Rust Munich

Rust Munich 2023 / 4 - hybrid

2023-09-06 | Virtual (Indianapolis, IN, US) | Indy Rust

Indy.rs - with Social Distancing

2023-09-12 - 2023-09-15 | Virtual (Albuquerque, NM, US) | RustConf

RustConf 2023

2023-09-12 | Virtual (Dallas, TX, US) | Dallas Rust

Second Tuesday

2023-09-13 | Virtual (Boulder, CO, US) | Boulder Elixir and Rust

Monthly Meetup

2023-09-13 | Virtual (Cardiff, UK)| Rust and C++ Cardiff

The unreasonable power of combinator APIs

2023-09-14 | Virtual (Nuremberg, DE) | Rust Nuremberg

Rust Nürnberg online

2023-09-20 | Virtual (Vancouver, BC, CA) | Vancouver Rust

Rust Study/Hack/Hang-out

2023-09-21 | Virtual (Charlottesville, NC, US) | Charlottesville Rust Meetup

Crafting Interpreters in Rust Collaboratively

2023-09-21 | Lehi, UT, US | Utah Rust

Real Time Multiplayer Game Server in Rust

2023-09-21 | Virtual (Linz, AT) | Rust Linz

Rust Meetup Linz - 33rd Edition

2023-09-25 | Virtual (Dublin, IE) | Rust Dublin

How we built the SurrealDB Python client in Rust.

Asia

2023-09-06 | Tel Aviv, IL | Rust TLV

RustTLV @ Final - September Edition

Europe

2023-08-30 | Copenhagen, DK | Copenhagen Rust Community

Rust metup #39 sponsored by Fermyon

2023-08-31 | Augsburg, DE | Rust Meetup Augsburg

Augsburg Rust Meetup #2

2023-09-05 | Munich, DE + Virtual | Rust Munich

Rust Munich 2023 / 4 - hybrid

2023-09-14 | Reading, UK | Reading Rust Workshop

Reading Rust Meetup at Browns

2023-09-19 | Augsburg, DE | Rust - Modern Systems Programming in Leipzig

Logging and tracing in Rust

2023-09-20 | Aarhus, DK | Rust Aarhus

Rust Aarhus - Rust and Talk at Concordium

2023-09-21 | Bern, CH | Rust Bern

Third Rust Bern Meetup

North America

2023-09-05 | Chicago, IL, US | Deep Dish Rust

Rust Happy Hour

2023-09-06 | Bellevue, WA, US | The Linux Foundation

Rust Global

2023-09-12 - 2023-09-15 | Albuquerque, NM, US + Virtual | RustConf

RustConf 2023

2023-09-12 | New York, NY, US | Rust NYC

A Panel Discussion on Thriving in a Rust-Driven Workplace

2023-09-12 | Minneapolis, MN, US | Minneapolis Rust Meetup

Minneapolis Rust Meetup Happy Hour

2023-09-14 | Seattle, WA, US | Seattle Rust User Group Meetup

Seattle Rust User Group - August Meetup

2023-09-19 | San Francisco, CA, US | San Francisco Rust Study Group

Rust Hacking in Person

2023-09-21 | Nashville, TN, US | Music City Rust Developers

Rust on the web! Get started with Leptos

2023-09-26 | Pasadena, CA, US | Pasadena Thursday Go/Rust

Monthly Rust group

2023-09-27 | Austin, TX, US | Rust ATX

Rust Lunch - Fareground

Oceania

2023-09-13 | Perth, WA, AU | Rust Perth

Rust Meetup 2: Lunch & Learn

2023-09-19 | Christchurch, NZ | Christchurch Rust Meetup Group

Christchurch Rust meetup meeting

2023-09-26 | Canberra, ACT, AU | Rust Canberra

September Meetup

If you are running a Rust event please add it to the calendar to get it mentioned here. Please remember to add a link to the event too. Email the Rust Community Team for access.

Jobs

Please see the latest Who's Hiring thread on r/rust

Quote of the Week

In [other languages], I could end up chasing silly bugs and waste time debugging and tracing to find that I made a typo or ran into a language quirk that gave me an unexpected nil pointer. That situation is almost non-existent in Rust, it's just me and the problem. Rust is honest and upfront about its quirks and will yell at you about it before you have a hard to find bug in production.

– dannersy on Hacker News

Thanks to Kyle Strand for the suggestion!

Please submit quotes and vote for next week!

This Week in Rust is edited by: nellshamrell, llogiq, cdmistman, ericseppanen, extrawurst, andrewpollack, U007D, kolharsam, joelmarcey, mariannegoldin, bennyvasquez.

Email list hosting is sponsored by The Rust Foundation

Discuss on r/rust

[sag-dab-sar]

I took the list from the Reddit post and tried my best to get online access for each.

How to use the Internet Archive — Link

Sometimes Internet Archive books become unavailable

Google Books Link: this is not the full book. It may or may not give you a decent amount of preview; the ability to search inside; and where to buy or borrow.

Simple Intro:

"Yahweh and the Gods and Goddesses of Canaan" by John Day — Google Books

Primary Textual Sources:

"Ugaritic Narrative Poetry" by Simon B Parker — Internet Archive

"Cult and Ritual at Ugarit" by Dennis Pardee — Internet Archive

"Hittite Prayers" by Itamar Singer — Internet Archive

"Hittite Myths" by Harry Hoffner Jr. — Google Books | On JSTOR if you are a student Link

"Becoming Diaspora Jews" by Karel Von Der Toorn (contains full text of Papyrus Amherst 63) — Downloadable PDF; I downloaded it to my drive and it is legit, make sure you click the correct download button

"The Phoenician History of Philo of Byblos: A Commentary" by Albert I. Baumgartner — Internet Archive

General Studies:

"Ebla and its Archives" by Alphonso Archi — PDF

"Phoenicians: Lebanon's Epic Heritage" by Sanford Holst — Google Books

Academic Papers on Phoenicians — Website (found this looking for the above book)

"The Aramaeans: Their Ancient History, Culture, Religion" by Edward Lipinski — Google Books

"The Pantheon of Palmyra" by Javier Teixidor — Internet Archive

Specific Deities:

"The Origin and Character of God" by Theodore J. Lewis (good history of the deity El) — Expanded Table of Contents | Google Books, ebook available

"A Reassessment of Asherah" by Steve Wiggins — Academia

"The God Dagan in Bronze Age Syria" by Lluís Feliu — Google Books

"Transformation of a Goddess: Ishtar - Astarte - Aphrodite" by David T. Sugimoto — Internet Archive

"The Many Faces of the Goddess" by Izak Cornelius (focuses on Anat, Astarte, Asherah, Qedeshet) — Internet Archive

I am interested in Canaanite and pre-Islamic Arabian religion. Can you recommend any books on those subjects? I am especially interested in goddess-worship, but nothing New Age or mystical.

I know a fair amount about ancient Egypt and a bit about Sumer from my reading, and I want to branch out.

I am delighted to have discovered your blog and will be exploring it in the future.

I'm glad you find it edifying! I recently drew up a bibliography for r/Semitic_Paganism that is hopefully useful. You can read the full post here, but three good academic works come to mind that focus on goddesses specifically:

- A Reassessment of Asherah by Steve Wiggins

- The Many Faces Of The Goddess by Izak Cornelius

- De Dea Syria by Lucian

I also have a few online texts with commentary and sources for further reading at:

https://sapiru.wordpress.com/categories/

— J. Sullivan