#xor gate

[magnificent-mechanism99]

Why does digital elecronics is important for engineering?

Digital electronics is super important in engineering for a bunch of reasons—it's pretty much the backbone of modern technology. Digital electronics powers everything from smartphones and computers to cars and medical devices. Engineers across disciplines need to understand it to design, troubleshoot, or innovate with modern systems.

GET CIRCUIT DESIGNING VIDEO TUTORIAL 👈.

Digital tech allows for very large-scale integration (VLSI), meaning engineers can cram millions of logic gates into a single chip (like microprocessors or memory). It enables powerful, compact, and cost-effective designs.

[electromirror]

XOR Gate - Ellipse

ELECTRONICA

2023-08-04

[mrvaxxl]

Logic Gates (NOT, Buffer, AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR) and Their Truth Tables

Logic gates are the cornerstone of digital electronics, serving as the fundamental building blocks for a vast array of electronic devices and computing systems.

Each gate, characterized by a unique symbol, performs a specific logical function, dictating how binary inputs are processed to produce a binary output.

Understanding the symbols and truth tables of various logic gates, such as AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR, is crucial for anyone diving into the realms of circuit design and digital computation.

Read more:

[michaelsoftbinbows97]

basically an analog to digital converter (TL074 + 7486) + shift register 595 (connected to a 555 clock) + LEDs

[ceaselessbasher]

My personal theory about why Colin was so annoyed at his therapists for not knowing what logic gates are (once I got over my initial reaction of "bestie what the fuck kind of expectation is that") is that he somehow got into an argument similar to the following with all of them:

THERAPIST: It can be the stress of the job and/or stress about something in your personal life.

COLIN: Don't say "and/or", it's redundant and sounds stupid.

THERAPIST: Pardon?

COLIN: "OR" is false only when both statements are false. You don't have to throw "AND" in there to include the possibility that both statements are true. You're not saying "XOR", it's not exclusive.

THERAPIST: Well, I-

COLIN: You are an idiot and this is a waste of my time.

[cloudy-caspirations]

Tuesday • February 4, 2025

Pictured here we have a responsible electrical engineering student double-checking her circuit’s functionality before her digital logic lab using simulation software rather than going in blind and praying that it works correctly. Not pictured however is that same circuit approximately 4-5 hours later in said lab, smoke visibly coming from the breadboard and a pile of burnt components laying abandoned on the workbench as my lab partner frantically apologizes for turning the input voltage up to 7V.

Yeah, Friday’s lab got a little hectic to say the least. It was fun though! I spent a long time prepping for the lab and even pre-built the circuit (XOR function made of 4 NAND gates) because I’m not as confident with digital logic as I was with circuit analysis, and I had no clue how to wire up logic gates. I’m glad I did all of that prep though because when disaster struck, I was ready. There wasn’t even anything wrong with the circuit itself, my design worked fine and both the XOR and NAND-equivalent portions were functional, but my breadboard was too stiff for my cheap jumper wires and my lab partner turned up the voltage when the LED’s flickered instead of adjusting the wires. Meanwhile, I left the bench to grab the lab professor to re-check my circuit, and I came back to $45+ worth of my own equipment completely burnt 🥲.

I was a little ticked off at my lab partner, especially because every EE student has to buy their own materials for labs short of power supplies and oscilloscopes and everything is expensive when you’re a broke college student, but it was an honest mistake (partially due to my own faulty wires at that) and I can just use his supplies for now while I’m working on replacing my own. I just hope we don’t have a repeat this Friday and break his equipment too, then we would just be screwed 😭.

[pawseds]

Putting the sweetest, most wholesome, most gentle man with a wonderful, loving family through the most gruelling, crushing gates of hell, part ??

Meet Rovin Sokolov, or Agent XOR of X-cell. Though he's a NASA engineer and now a Delta Green agent in this timeline, he's still the same man he is in Helvetia: kind father, loving husband, best friend.

[fipindustries]

new challenge never before considered "how to tell if a byte is bigger than another"

see usually the way we go about this is that we grab the digits of each number that are most to the left and compare them, from this we get three different out comes

either they are both the same, in which case we cannot know which one is bigger and so we move on to the next one

or the first one is bigger

or the second one is bigger

and so far that is the approach im trying to figure out how to implement with logic gates but its proving to be quite a challenge. i suspect i can do some weird byte magic with like xor or whatever but im not smart enough to try and tackle the problem form that angle so

[huhyuhbah]

Imagine you're in a rush to get to class and this loser is blocking your way bc he wanna show off his workshop shirt lolll

Lmaooo the way the friends are all smiling so hard while watching them.

Faifa's line felt like improv here lol. The reactions of everyone, especially Perth makes it seem like improv.

OH WHAT I WOULD GIVE TO POKE FORCE'S CHEEK WHEN HE SMILES LIKE THATTTT

Chanting "Bottoms up" while pretending to drink. Wow. Just wow.

Hahahhaahahah

WHAT IN THE MOTHER FUCK IS HAPPENING? WHY? YOTHA? WHAT? my jaw is dropped rn. I did not see this coming.

Omg Gun. No. Fuck.

OH YOU FUCKING DUMBASS. I really wanna punch Yotha rn. You absolute wanker.

Arc looking at Arm while Arm looks away. Oh my babies.

Binary is... cool and all but if you're gonna get a something tattooed that is as long as Yotha's why would you choose binary over hex like tf. Also, if I were to get something cs related tattooed on me, I'd choose the XOR gate bc it's so pretty to me. Like it's the gate that has the best personality. It doesn't need to mean anything, I just really like XOR gate lmaoooo

Pffffft the mood switch was so sudden omg.

Look at Wa's smile hhahahaha. That would be me fr.

Fight fight fight fight fight fight fight. Gimme. Fighttttt

Klao and Yotha not fighting against each other? Uhhhh. Fine. I'll take it

Ya know what. Aou is so hot when he's angry.

[taperwolf]

Finally got my Eurorack system updated on ModularGrid — I hadn't gotten around to setting up a few of my custom modules, like the Harald Bluetooth Receiver, the Toy Drum, my true diode Ring Modulator, and my analog logic module "Lola".

Starting with the top left is the Behringer Radar, a contact mic and input amplifier with a gate and a triggered envelope. It's a version of the Mutable Instruments Ears (itself an adaptation of the MTM Mikrophonie); the big change is that all the sensitivity and envelope jumpers are brought out to front panel switches.

Next is one of North Coast Synthesis's "Passive Multiples and Friends", which I built as a mult.

Next is the Behringer Model 182, a clone of the Roland Model 100-series analog sequencer. (A Christmas gift from my wife's parents!)

Next is the MidCentury Modular Dividers, which combines a binary clock divider (simultaneous ÷2 - ÷128) and an adjustable (÷2 - ÷9) divider, both based on CMOS chips. (Built from a PCB/panel set).

Next is my homebrew analog logic module Lola. It has two sections: the unary input which takes one signal and outputs its inverse and its half- and full-wave rectified versions, and the binary input which gives you the OR, AND, and XOR of two signals. (Lola is named that because it's mostly based on the Mutable Instruments module "Kinks". I left off its S&H and added the XOR.)

Next is Chaos, a clone of the MI Marbles random gate and voltage generator.

Next is a set of two low-pass gates, made from vactrols, which I built onto a buggy (malformed) version of my oscilloscope module panel.

Next is my LittleBits Adapter, which lets me plug in the magnet-based circuit building toy modules including those from the Korg collab.

On the second row, we start with the Behringer Model 150, another Roland 100 series clone; this one is noise, a S&H, a ring mod (actually a chip based four quadrant multiplier), and an LFO.

Next looks like another Passive Multiples and Friends, but this one is my Simple Cascading Fixed Amplifier, a set of four fixed amplifiers set up to do x2, x10, or x20 without modifications and up to x400 with self-patching.

The next is a Passive Multiples and Friends, this one an OR Combiner meant to combine multiple gate or trigger signals.

Next is the Kassutronics VCO 3340, an analog VCO I built from the PCB/panel set — basically the CEM3340 chip broken out plus a sine wave output (though the chip is actually the AS3340 clone).

After that is the 3320-VCF by PM Foundations, a low-pass filter with voltage-controlled cutoff and resonance, again built from PCB/panel.

Then it's my first VoxMachina Sigma function/slew generator, followed by a dual attenuverter/mixer, followed by the second Sigma — all together basically a workalike of the Make Noise Maths. The Sigma is very versatile but mostly ends up used for envelopes and LFOs. I had the pcbs and panels fabricated from VoxMachina's uploaded Gerber files.

Next is another Passive Multiple.

The next is a Behringer Four Play, four VCAs that can be used separately or mixed together. It's a functional rip-off of, I believe, Intellijel's quad VCA design.

Next is my homemade ring modulator, a proper two-transformers-and-a-diode-ring unpowered design.

After that, built into another PMaF panel, are two copies of the IamO single-JFET VCA, followed by my version of David Haillant's Simple VCA.

And last in the center row is the Modular in a Week "A Simple Mixer, Right?" (ASMR). A basic five-channel mixer with plain and inverted outputs, I got this as a kit.

In the third row, we start with MiaW's POW, which has LEDs for each power rail, a USB power jack, an external Eurorack power breakout, and a switch that currently doesn't do anything. (I'm still debating whether I should add case lighting.)

Next is a very simple reverse-avalanche oscillator with (not particularly tracking) voltage control, built from LMNC schematics.

Next is the Behringer Brains, their adaptation of the MI Plaits; it's a tremendously versatile voice that's way too tempting to leave on speech synthesis mode.

After that is another Simple Cascading Fixed Amplifier. I think this one uses inverting amplifiers and the other uses non inverting ones?

Next is the Toy Drum — I tore apart one of those electronic drum kits with the roll-up rubber pads and wired up inputs to four of the triggers, giving me a cheap but cheerful kick, snare, hat, and cymbal set.

Next is the Harald Bluetooth Receiver, the module out of a DIY Bluetooth speaker; it'll play stuff off a paired phone, or read files from a microSD card or USB stick.

Next is the DSPFX, a very cheap 100-in-1 audio effects board, which I often use to add end-of-chain reverb/delay and stereo separation. Built from MiaW design, though I had the panel fabricated.

The final PMaF is wired in passive mixer mode; it usually combines the ASMR mixer's output with the stereo output from the DSPFX, the two channels feeding the Phonic, my custom headphones output device (based on the circuit from the Befaco Out).

That's a total of 6 purchased modules, 2 kit builds, 3 PCB/panel builds, 5 PMaF panel builds, 2 fabs from Gerbers, and 13 modules of assorted more custom building, all in a homemade case. Not too shabby, I guess.

[lady-of-math-and-rope]

I know I've told everyone within earshot about this already, but YOU CAN BUILD A COMPUTER OUT OF YARN

I close my eyes and I see pulleys and weights, in evermore intricate patterns, or gate, not gate, use those to make and gate and xor gate, half adder, full adder, SR latch

It builds itself in my mind because I do not have the tools to construct it.

My beautiful machine, my tapestry of calculation

The threads call to me

[drstonetrivia]

Chapter 206 Trivia

Post-timeskip Suika squad! They're all so cute :)

Unlike the new Perseus, the ship going to Corn City is Xeno branded rather than Kingdom of Science: it has the signature zig-zag patterns of the American Colony and Xeno's profile on the side of the boat.

Joel's crushed arm is hidden, however since no one mentions it, it's probably fully healed. Somehow.

Joel's "12" hair strands have also gotten thicker, and the strap on his watchmaker's loupe survived even though his clothes are gone…

…Except everyone is still wearing the same clothes from before anyways. Did Ukyo and the others take off their clothes for depetrification then return them?

I also wonder who's currently in possession of the medusa now.

Finally a Taiju and Yuzuriha reunion! And what's more, progress on their relationship! (Sort of…)

It seems that when they built the new Perseus, a new mobile lab was built to go with it! Judging by the tires, this one is also all-terrain and amphibious.

Has Sai not eaten in days because of his fevered code writing? Or does he deliberately ignore table manners like "don't speaking with your mouth full" as a result of trying to escape his fate in Nanami Corp.?

Holding flags has never held so much personality: Kohaku is extremely focused and lifts her flag completely vertically, very quickly. Suika twirls hers. Gen does his the slowest and is most put-out by the demonstration. Chrome lifts his loosely with one hand, but with confidence.

An XOR (said as "exclusive OR") gate is the job Suika had during the demonstration: lift the flag when Chrome OR Gen put theirs up, /excluding/ the situation where they're both up.

An AND gate was Kohaku's job: both Chrome AND Gen need their flags up for Kohaku to lift hers.

The brief moment of history for the parametron lasted under a decade. Invented by Eiichi Goto, a Japanese computer scientist, they were reliable and cheap, allowing for Japan to push forward with their computers. They didn't last long because transistors simply performed better.

Senku's parametron only requires copper and zinc, but true parametrons use some form of ferrite core. Copper and zinc aren't ferromagnetic, but ferrite is.

The result? Senku's version won't work. At all.

In case you haven't watched the anime and didn't immediately get Gen's Kung Dang Manganese song stuck in your head the instant "800" was mentioned: Gen insisting there'll be 800 of them is a reference to when they made the cellphone, and Gen was tasked with making 800 batteries.

Sai is playing a code block game designed for children. He's probably programming a moveable character on the screen at the top of the container by arranging the blocks in order. This is probably a simplified version of the Gakken EX-150, a device for easily experimenting with electronics.

Doesn't look like he knows the Konami code yet, but I'm sure he will soon enough!

I'm not sure if I'm just getting old or if this is a reference to Senku bringing back smartphones (and not just cellphones), but that isn't what I think of when someone says "calculator" haha

I love Yuzuriha's signature hard-work pose so much :)

==================== MISSING Please help me find my kohai! 🧙 Answers to the name MOZ. Last seen fighting Americans. Might stab you. If found, call Hyoga @ (555) 454 1130. Do not engage. ====================

(Seriously where'd he disappear to again?)

[synths-and-sensibility]

I've been thinking a lot about shift registers lately and recalled a covo I had with @thriron a bit ago and now I've got a module idea cooking. Basically take an audio signal, convert it into square wave and have it drive an 8bit shift register in an lsfr configuration. Take the output and feed it into the leftover xor/xnor gate from the lsfr and use the original signal as the other input. I should probably simulate it in software before I go to far down this rabbit hole, but it should result in an interesting sort of screamy tonal noise.

I could probably do the whole thing with 3 ic's. Maybe have the capacity to override the xor inputs with external patches for some additional bpsk options.

Maybe add an internal oscillator with v/octive tracking?

[enby-ralsei]

JRWI MINECRAFT AU

JAY FERIN:

LOVES REDSTONE

WILL MAKE SLIME BLOCK FLYING MACHIENS

TLAKS ABOUT REDSTONE LOGIC. AND OR NOR XOR GATES, FALLING STABLE CIRCUIT, PISTON DOOR TIMING

ENSA MAKES A CALCULATOR WITH REDSTOEN AND JAY IS KISSING HER ON THE MOUTH

CHIP:

BUILDERMAN

GIV EHIM WOOD HE NEEDS MORE WOOD GET HIM WOOD FOREVER AND EVER AND EVER AND EVER A

WILL GO FROM DIRT SHACK TO MANSION IN A WEEK

[gammadoppler]

love watching techincal videos about like code and shit. im in for like five minutes and then they lose me entirely. i vaguely understood everything going on until he started talking about xor gates which i vaguely understood from a diagram and walkthrough of them. then he started talking about seeing it with "masks" and shit. youve thrown a wrench into this that didnt need to be there and now im frazzled and lost

[nettakrim]

Cooking show concept:

its a well known fact that too many cooks spoil the broth, so we can make a 2x2 grid relating "quality of broth" with "presence of cook" and it would look something like this:

. | No Cook A | Cook A

No Cook B | Bad | Good

. Cook B | Good | Bad

with no cooks, the broth is never made, so its bad, with just cook A or just cook B we get a good broth, but with two cooks the broth is spoiled, everyone knows this

now anyone whose familiar with logic gates probably noticed that this is an XOR gate!..

which begs the question, how do we convert a good broth into the presence of a cook in a later XOR gate, since this would allow us to chain logic gates

the obvious solution: Gordon Ramsay.

Gordon Ramsay tastes the broth, and if the broth is good, the cook moves onto the next round, if the broth is spoiled, no cooks move on (ofc regardless of the lack of a good broth, no cooks move on when there *are* no cooks)

unfortunately, just XOR gates arent enough for turing completeness, which is of course the goal here, so what else can we construct?

well first of all, you can make a NOT gate by just having a cook in the XOR kitchen already, so now we just need to find either an AND, OR, NAND, or NOR and we can construct everything we need using De Morgan's laws

thankfully, this is already a solved problem, Regular Cooking Shows!

if no cooks enter the kitchen, noone leaves, if theres any amount of cooks, theres always exactly one winner! this is an OR gate! We can of course reuse Gordon Ramsay for this

(note that an "implicit OR" by just letting all cooks through would "overload" later XOR gates, spoiling the broths)

now the obvious issue with this is that the kitchens cannot reused, since cooks are left behind or exit permanently, but this is fine as long as logic is purely sequential

sequential logic *is* a lot easier to deal with though, and it actually helps solve another issue - the fact that a NOT gate cook could finish cooking their broth before another cook comes in to spoil it... the solution...... Gordon Ramsay!

we give him a list of kitchens to judge one by one, and thats the order the logic gates are evaluated in, since its sequential this naturally leads to the idea of defining our logic in the same order its evaluated in, something like:

0. OR -> 2

1. XOR -> 2

2. OR -> 3

3. NOT -> out

where NOT is built as an XOR kitchen with a cook already there

so following this notation here, we would build an OR and XOR kitchen connecting to a 2nd OR kitchen, then connect the exit of that kitchen to a NOT kitchen, then the exit of that is our output, then to run the cooking show we tell Gordon Ramsay to judge the OR kitchen, then the XOR kitchen, then the 2nd OR, then the NOT!

the eagle eyed reader, however, may have noticed that this is pretty impractical...- since we cant have one kitchen output to more than one other!.. this would mean we need to duplicate all our inputs and logic at every split, which would be a pain!!!

so we want something where when a cook completes one challenge, a separate cook is allowed into a later challenge...

luckily, the solution is another cooking competition! consider this:

the kitchen is split in two with a divider, with holes for passing of ingredients, each half of the kitchen has an incomplete set of ingredients, and in the other half there is a pre-existing cook

if no cook enters the empty half, the other cook wont be able to beat the challenge, so wont be allowed through when Gordon Ramsay judges them - if the cook does enter, then both cooks win, and their respective doors open

this challenge also doubles as an AND gate if you only let one of the cooks out and have both cooks as inputs instead of having one there already!

interestingly, both the AND and OR kitchens generalise nicely to more than 2 inputs, for OR you just add more contestants, for AND you add more dividing walls

XOR generalises as only true if theres exactly one cook, but there isnt really a set way XOR is supposed to generalise

this does help simplify our notation, as we dont need to confirm that there are only 2 inputs to each kitchen

so now with all of that established, i present a full adder:

0. A -> 3 (input)

1. B -> 4 (input)

2. C_in -> 5 (input)

3. SPLIT -> 6,10

4. SPLIT -> 6,10

5. SPLIT -> 8,9

6. XOR -> 7

7. SPLIT -> 8,9

8. XOR -> S (output)

9. AND -> 11

10. AND -> 11

11. OR -> C_out (output)

like earlier NOT is built as an XOR kitchen with a pre-existing cook, SPLIT is likewise an AND kitchen with a pre-existing cook for each additional output

this means we can count the total number of cooks we need, there arent actually any NOT kitchens, but we do have 4 SPLITs, with 2 outputs each, so thats 4 cooks, and then theres at most 3 additional cooks for each of our inputs, so let's say 7 contestants

we can also count the number of rounds (perhaps call them episodes) pretty easily, since its just the number of gates (there is no parralisation) in this case its 9

these two stats would be what you would want to optimise for

given how common SPLIT is, we could simplify our notation for humans at the cost of needing a compilation step by combining the splits into the outputs of gates, like this:

0. A -> 3,6 (input)

1. B -> 3,6 (input)

2. C -> 4,5 (input)

3. XOR -> 4,5

4. XOR -> S (output)

5. AND -> 7

6. AND -> 7

7. OR -> C (output)

but be aware that for this to be a valid cooking show you need to run it through some program first to uncompress the SPLITs

its also worth noting that an AND gate going into a SPLIT is often useless, unless you need to output to more kitchens than the AND gate has inputs, you can just use the inputs to the AND gate as your SPLIT outputs, this reduces how many cooks are needed, and could be included in the compilation (along with shortcuts for NAND, NOR ofc)

none of the cooks in the cooking show need to know the layout of the circuit for it to work, and neither does Gordon Ramsay

~The Producers~ just need to give him the list of what kitchens to judge in what order - the layout and challenge type of the kitchens and the doors control the flow!

so uuh... if you ever have a lot of kitchens and a lot of cooks and a Gordon Ramsay, now you know what to do?