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What Every Nigerian Should Know About the New Nigeria Tax Identification Number (Tax ID) System

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Planning to set up e-hailing operations in Kano?

Find out the process, requirements, and applicable fees under the guidelines from the Kano State Ministry of Transportation below. 

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Before You Sign That Mortgage Deed Mortgage transactions are complex, and many contain one-sided clauses that can cost you your property rights.

From waiving your right to notice, to enabling the bank to sell your property without delay — once you sign, you’re bound.

This carousel breaks down: • Key legal obligations • Common contract traps • Why legal review is non-negotiable

Don't sign blind. Sign smart—with legal guidance.

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These graphics present the requirements, eligibility, and application process for business-single entry visa (f4a) in Nigeria.

For business people and professionals looking to travel to Nigeria for work.

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Planning a large event?

This video reveals essential legal strategies for stampede prevention.

Be proactive, protect your attendees, and stay compliant!

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𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐄𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲 𝐢𝐧 𝐍𝐢𝐠𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐚: 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐘𝐨𝐮 𝐍𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐊𝐧𝐨𝐰

Did you know?

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭 can declare it (Sec. 305)

𝗡𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗔𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗹𝘆 (𝗡𝗔𝗦𝗦) must approve within 2 days

𝗚𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗻𝗼𝗿𝘀 can be replaced… but not always!

𝗦𝘄𝗶𝗽𝗲 to see real cases (1962–2024) and how rights are affected.

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State of Emergency in Nigeria: Constitutional Provisions and Implications

A State of Emergency is a situation in which the government is empowered to take extraordinary measures to restore public safety, maintain law and order, or address significant crises. In Nigeria, the 1999 Constitution (as amended) provides the legal framework for declaring a state of emergency.

Constitutional Basis for a State of Emergency

The power to declare a state of emergency is derived from Section 305 of the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria. This section vests the President with the authority to issue a proclamation of a state of emergency under specific circumstances.

Circumstances for Declaring a State of Emergency

According to Section 305(3) of the Constitution, the President may declare a state of emergency by an instrument published in the official Gazette only under the following conditions:

War situation involving the Federation.

Imminent War or Invasion

Breakdown of Public Order and Safety which requires extraordinary measures to restore peace 

Threat of Breakdown of Public Order

Disaster or Natural Calamity which affects a community or the entire nation.

Any Public Danger or emergency threatening the existence of Nigeria 

A Governor’s Request with the approval of a two-thirds majority of the State House of Assembly.

Procedure for Declaring a State of Emergency

1. Official Proclamation

The President issues a proclamation published in the official Gazette.

2. Transmission to the National Assembly

The President must send copies of the proclamation to the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives, who must in turn convene their respective Houses to consider the situation.

3. Approval by the National Assembly

The National Assembly must approve the proclamation within two days (if in session) or ten days (if not in session) If the proclamation is not approved within the stipulated time, it ceases to have effect.

4. Duration and Extension:

The state of emergency lasts for six months unless a two-thirds majority resolution of the National Assembly extends it out of necessity.  

Revocation:

The President can revoke the proclamation by publishing an instrument in the official Gazette

The National Assembly may also revoke the proclamation at any time by a simple majority vote.

Effects of a State of Emergency

Once a state of emergency is declared, the government may take the following measures if necessary:

Restriction of Movement into or from affected areas.

Temporary Suspension of Certain Constitutional Rights and civil liberties for the sake of security.

Deployment of Security Forces to restore order.

Economic and Political Measures may require government action towards stability.

Impact on State Governors

The Constitution does not explicitly remove Governors from office during a state of emergency, however past precedents suggest that:

The President may appoint an administrator to take over executive functions in the affected State.

The Governor and State House of Assembly may become subordinate to federal authority for the period of the emergency.

In cases like Plateau (2004) and Ekiti (2006), Governors were temporarily replaced by appointed administrators.

Past Declarations of State of Emergency in Nigeria

1. Western Region (1962)

Prime Minister Tafawa Balewa declared a state of emergency in the Western Region due to a severe political crisis within the Action Group (AG). The internal feud between Chief Obafemi Awolowo and Chief Samuel Ladoke Akintola led to violent clashes and legislative chaos. The region was placed under emergency rule, and Dr. Moses Majekodunmi was appointed administrator.

2. Plateau State (2004)

In May 2004, President Olusegun Obasanjo declared a state of emergency in Plateau State following a surge in ethno-religious violence that resulted in widespread killings and destruction. Governor Joshua Dariye and the State House of Assembly were suspended, and Major General Chris Alli (retd.) was appointed administrator to restore order.

3. Ekiti State (2006)

A leadership crisis in Ekiti State led President Obasanjo to impose emergency rule in October 2006. The controversy arose after the impeachment of Governor Ayo Fayose, which triggered political instability. Brigadier General Adetunji Olurin (retd.) was appointed administrator until normalcy was restored.

4. Borno, Yobe, and Adamawa States (2013–2014)

President Goodluck Jonathan declared a state of emergency in Borno, Yobe, and Adamawa States on May 14, 2013 amid the escalating Boko Haram insurgency.

Unlike previous cases, governors and state assemblies were not suspended. Instead, the federal government deployed more troops and imposed curfews to curb insurgent activities. The crisis persisted despite intensified military operations.

5. Some Local Governments in Borno and Plateau (2011)

President Jonathan imposed emergency rule in select local government areas in Borno and Plateau States due to rising Boko Haram attacks and communal conflicts. This was Before the full-scale emergency in 2013.

6. Rivers State (2024–2025)

President Bola Tinubu declared a state of emergency, citing a breakdown of governance in the state.

This followed a political power struggle between Governor Siminalayi Fubara and the Rivers State House of Assembly with tensions escalated.

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Understanding the ins and outs of 𝐍𝐨𝐧-𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐥𝐨𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐀𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 (𝐍𝐃𝐀𝐬) is crucial for protecting your business's valuable assets! 

From marking information as '𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐲' to knowing when an 𝐍𝐃𝐀 can be used as proof of a business relationship, these FAQs break it all down. 

Stay informed and safeguard your confidential information!

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Planning to establish a private hospital in Abuja?

Here’s your step-by-step guide to compliance, registration, and avoiding penalties! 

From 𝐏𝐇𝐄𝐑𝐌𝐂 regulations to staffing requirements, we’ve got you covered. 

Swipe through to learn more!

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𝐁𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐮 𝐨𝐟 𝐏𝐮𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐜 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭

Want to win federal government contracts in Nigeria? 

The first step is 𝐁𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐮 𝐨𝐟 𝐏𝐮𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐜 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭(𝐁𝐏𝐏) 𝐑𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧.

Get listed, verified, and classified

See the steps below to ensure compliance.

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EXCERPTS FROM ICLG TELECOMS

Thinking of investing in Nigeria’s Telecoms & Broadcasting Sector? Here’s what you need to know about a range of things in the laws and regulations. 

Here's a link to our publication on the International Comparative Legal Guides (ICLG):

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Setting Up a Ride-Hailing Service in Abuja

Thinking of launching a ride-hailing service in Abuja? Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to register your company, apply for a license, and meet the necessary requirements.

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The Legal Basis for Minimum Share Capital Under Nigerian Law

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Legal Basis for CAC Compliance and the Striking Off of Companies

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Differences between C of O & Deed of Assignment 

The Deed of Assignment and  Certificate of Occupancy (C of O) are both essential in the real estate market. Here are their respective roles.

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Happy New Month 

Happy new month! May November bring you exciting new opportunities.

#November #HappyNewMonth #AMonthofPossibilities #aalawsng #lawfirm

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Legal Term of the Week: Private Equity

Private Equity firms invest in and partner with companies to optimize operations, accelerate growth, and create long-term value.