animalguideee

[animalguideee]

[ad_1] Clinical Animal Behaviourists break behaviours or tricks that they are training into for animals to learn. For example, I am training my dog to target or touch items with his rear feet, so I started by rewarding him for moving toward the target item, then for moving his hind legs in the direction of the item, then stepping backward near the item, then touching any part of the item with his foot, then touching the middle of the item with his foot, then holding his foot on top of the middle of the item for a few seconds. This is shaping and building a behaviour. Complex tricks like running an entire agility course or doing a circus performance can be trained step-wise in a similar way. Despite my understanding of clinical behaviour and animal training, it is a challenge for me to break my own projects into smaller steps. I used to keep my schedule extremely full and work under extreme pressure at the last minute, i.e. writing a paper the night before it was due. I worked in that way throughout high school and during most of undergrad, but it became very unhealthy. Short-term stress is ok, but long-term stress takes a toll on health. I know not to push my dog too hard by training him for too long because it could make him irritable, stressed and negatively impact his learning. This year, I have been working to develop new, healthier work habits. Unfortunately, it takes a long time for new habits/behaviours to form. My dog will have to practice touching a target with his rear foot many, many times before it becomes a behaviour that he does quickly and reliably without hesitation. The same is true for human behaviour modification. I have learned a great deal during this MSc programme, but I often notice that even when I know something cognitively (for example, I know that leaving writing to the last minute is unhealthy for me), I have trouble converting that information into my behavioural habits.  It is difficult to break large projects into smaller pieces and to do one piece at a time. I was able to do this when I was preparing for graduate school. Some of my steps toward my post-graduate studies were: 1. Complete a Bachelor's degree in Psychology  2. Work in an Exotic veterinary practice  a. excel as a veterinary assistant & learn best ways to handle exotic animals safely and humanely   b. gain promotion to veterinary nurse and learn veterinary skills  c. read a book on Avian Behaviour which referenced studies at Dick Vet  d. read veterinary journals and behavioural case studies which also cited research conducted in Scotland 3. Work in a not-for-profit veterinary practice with an Animal Welfare mission a. learn about animal sheltering, TNR, spay/neuter, cat and dog behaviour 4. Take online classes in clinical behaviour, animal welfare and training 5. Clicker-train my dog, friends' dogs, my cat and my chickens  6. Apply for Edinburgh's MSc AABAW programme 7. Attend the University of Edinburgh in Scotland...(write this blog, etc. etc.) Now, I am starting to see a bit of light at the end of the MSc tunnel because my dissertation is due in about a month. I still have many, many little steps left. I am reminding myself to do one thing at a time. If I can keep doing on thing at a time (one graph, one outline, one sentence, one paragraph, one page, one section, one citation...) I should end up with a paper/dissertation. If I include the steps of editing, rewriting, proofreading, then I should have a good dissertation. I have already done many of the steps of this project, but I still have writing and more work to do.  The good news is that, since this is an animal behaviour project, the animals were already behaving or at least had the ability to perform various behaviours. I am just decoding that behaviour and communicating the information in written scientific language (instead of greedily keeping the knowledge in my brain) so that, hopefully, animals will benefit in the future. I hope understanding animal behaviour can improve animal welfare.

The focus of this master's degree and the mission of animal welfare science is understanding animal behaviour to improve animal welfare. I know that as my understanding of my dog's behaviour improved, his welfare improved because we were able to work and live together more easily. I know that learning about my chickens' behaviour has helped me promote their welfare, and that modifications to my home that are in line with promoting normal cat behaviour have improved the welfare of my cat.  Nothing is perfect, but a little by little, we can create positive change in the world.  [ad_2] Source link

[animalguideee]

[ad_1] Este ano finalmente conseguimos tirar alguns ouricos bebes malhados da nossa femea normal com o macho albinoFinaly this year we got the peid hedgehogs...and guess what they are het for albino. [ad_2] Source link

[animalguideee]

[ad_1] Herzlich Willkommen zum Offizielem Animal Crossing Fan Video Blog!!In Zukunft werde Ich hier alle Videos rund ums Thema Animal Crossing hochladen und Kommentieren. Viel Spaß!!! [ad_2] Source link

[animalguideee]

[ad_1] How to Solve Windows Appstore Error - indiaatnet.in [ad_2] Source link

[animalguideee]

[ad_1] 看到了有關鳥類呼吸系統的介紹，實在和哺乳動物的大為不同。為應付高空的低氧環境和飛行時所需的大量能量，鳥類的呼吸系統較哺乳動物的更為有效。和我們相同，鳥類都是利用肺部作氣體交換，但牠們多了一個叫氣囊的結構，作為儲存空氣的地方。鳥類有7-9個氣囊，可分為前氣囊和後氣囊，氣囊除了連接肺部，亦連接骨髓腔，這令骨頭內帶有氣體，從而減低了飛行時的重量。早期有生理學家便曾進行了一個殘忍的實驗：把鳥類的氣管封住，只餘骨頭連接空氣，發現鳥體仍可進行呼吸，從而證明了氣囊連接著骨髓。我們哺乳動物的氣體交換都在稱為氣泡的地方進行：空氣由氣管開始，一直通過細分的支氣管、小支氣管，直至到達最後的氣泡，進行氣體交換後，便再從沿路離開身體，所以氣體交換前後的空氣會有混和。但鳥類卻發展出獨一無二的系統，第一次吸氣時，空氣從氣管進入鳥體後，首先到達的是後氣囊，只有一部份會進入肺部；在第一次呼氣時，空氣便會由後氣囊進入肺部，進行氣體交換。氣體交換在稱為Parabronchus的三級支氣管進行，和我們的肺泡不同，Parabronchus並不是死胡同，其前後連接著不同的氣管，整個結構便好像一個氣管迷宮，而大量的微血管便圍繞著這些管道。血液流動的方向和空氣流動的方向剛好相反，這樣氧氣便從空氣進入血液，而二氧化碳便離開血液進入肺部。第二次吸氣時，先前在肺部完成氣體交換、充滿二氧化碳的氣體便會被逼入前氣囊，因此和我們不同，廢氣不用經過同一路徑離開身體，而是先存在前氣囊。在第二次呼氣時，前氣囊便會收縮，把廢氣排往氣管，再離開身體。因為兩個循環才完成的呼吸周期，鳥類體內便源源不絕的有新鮮空氣供應，而且每次吸氣和呼氣都可以進行氣體交換，比我們只在吸氣時進行氣體交換大為有效。而且，後氣囊的位置可隨意改變，更加適應鳥類流線形的身體，有利飛行。下一個問題是，這樣的呼吸系統，是如何進化出來？？古生物學家發現部份恐龍化石有類似鳥類氣囊的結構，骨頭亦有相類似的適應，這似乎提供了鳥類是由恐龍進化而來的證據；只是，為何恐龍會發展出這樣的結構，以及這些結構如何進化而來，還需要更多的研究．．． [ad_2] Source link

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[ad_1]    ไม่มีเอกสารหรือหลักฐานหลงเหลือให้เห็นว่ามนุษย์เริ่มร้จักการนำปลาสวยงามมาเลี้ยงในที่เลี้ยงตั้งแต่เมื่อไรตั้งแต่ครั้งแรก แต่เป็นเชื่อแน่ว่ามนุษย์รู้จักวิธีที่จะเก็บรักษาเนื้อปลาไว้เป็นอาหารในเมื้อต่อๆไปในหลายรูปแบบ เช่น ย่าง รมควัน หมักเกลือ ฯลฯ นานก่อนจะเรียนรู้วิธีเลี้ยงปลาอย่างแน่นอน และสิ่งหนึ่งที่น่าแปลกใจก็คือ มนุษย์รู้จักการเลี้ยงปลาและฝึกเลี้ยงสัตว์หลายชนิดก่อนที่จะมาสนใจถึงการเลี้ยงปลา เช่น เช่นสุนัขที่ถูกมนุษย์จับมาเลี้ยงและฝึกให้เชื่องได้มีหลักฐานอย่างแน่ชัดว่าได้ดำเนินติดต่อกันมาไม่น้อยกว่าหมื่นปีหรือแม้แต่แพะถูกเลี้ยงมาไม่น้อยกว่าเจ็ดพันปีทีเดียว บางทีอาจเป็นไปได้มากกว่าอุปกรณ์หรือเครื่องมือที่มนุษย์สร้างขึ้น เพื่อการเลี้ยงปลาอย่างเช่น บ่อ เป็นต้น ไม่หลงเหลือหลักฐานมาถึงปัจจุบันบ่อที่เก่าที่สุดเท่าที่นักโบราณคดีค้นพบคือ บ่อในยุคสุเมเรีย ซึ่งมีอายุประมาณ 4,500 ปีแล้ว ส่วนใหญ่แล้วบ่อในยุคนี้เท่าที่ค้นพบจะแย่ในศ่าสนาสถานและคาดว่าจะเกี่ยวข้องกับพิธีกรรมทางศาสนาของยุคนั้น แต่อย่างไรก็ดียังมีการค้นพบบ่อซึ่งคาดว่าเป็นกรรมสิทธิ์ส่วนบุคคลและมีหลักฐานว่าที่ใช้เป็นที่เก็บกักขังปลา เพื่อใช้เป็นอาหารอย่างแน่นอน และจากสภาพของบ่อที่ปรากฏให้เห็นก็มิใช่บ่อเลี้ยงหรือบ่อสำหรับเพาะพันธุ์ปลาการค้นพบทางโบราณคดียังชี้ลงไปอีกว่าชาวอัสซีเรียก็มีบ่อสำหรับกักตุนปลาเป็นอาหารสด เช่นเดี่ยวกัน และคาดว่าชาวบาลิโลนก็คงจะมีบ่อในทำนองเดียวกันนี้อีก ส่วนชาวอียิปต์โบราณเมื่อสามพันปีมาแล้ว มีบ่อสำหรับตกปลาเป็นอาหารนอกเหนือจากบ่อเลี้ยงปลา ปลาที่ชาวอียิปต์เลี้ยงในยุคนั้นคือปลาไน ปลาในสกุล ทิลาเปีย (สกุลปลานิล) และหลักฐานที่หลงเหลืออยู่ก็มีคันเบ็ดที่ใช้ตกปลานั่นเอง จึงเป็นที่แน่ชัดว่าการเลี้ยงปลาในยุคนั้นเป็นไปเพื่อการยังชีพ ชาติแรกที่ร้จักการเพาะเลี้ยงปลาคือ "จีน"  และเชื่อกันว่าชาวจีนรู้จักการเลี้ยงปลาคาร์พในบ่อมาก่อนพุทธศักราชไม่น้อยกว่า 500 ปี แต่กิจการการเลี้ยงปลาคาร์พในบ่อมีการทำเป็นล่ำเป็นสันและยึดเป็นอาชีพก็เกือบพุทธศักราชที่ 500 ทีเดียว ส่วนโรมันได้ชื่อว่าเป็นชาติแรกที่รู้จักการเลี้ยงปลาทะเลในฐานะเป็นสัตว์เลี้ยงความร้ทางด้านการเลี้ยงปลาในที่ จำกัดจะแพร่จากชาวโรมันไปส่กรีกและอียิปต์ต่อมาในเวลาไม่นานเพราะมีหลักฐานเป็นลายลักษณ์อักษรปรากฏไว้เป็นข้อความสั้นๆ ในขณะที่หลักฐานการเลี้ยงปลาทะเลของชาวโรมันก็ริเริ่มเลี้ยงปลา เพื่อใช้เป็นอาหารสดเหมือนชาวจีน รวมทั้งมีการเพาะฟักไข่ปลาให้เป็นตัวได้แสดงว่าชาวโรมันก็มีเทคนิคไม่น้อยเหมือนกัน ประมาณพุทธศตวรรษที่ 475 การเลี้ยงปลาทะเลในบ่อของชาวโรมันก็กลายเป็นแฟชั่นสำหรับเศรษฐีในยุคนั้นๆ หนังสือระบุไว้ว่ามีเศรษฐีชาวโรมันคลั่งไคล้การเลี้ยงปลาทะเลคนหนึ่งถึงกับลงทุนสร้างอุโมงผ่านภูเขาเพื่อเป็นทางลำเลียงน้ำทะเลมายังบ่อปลาในบ้าน นอกจากนี้ยังมีเรื่องเล่าถึงวิธีการลงโทษทาสในสมัยนั้นของเศรษฐีชาวโรมันคือการจับทาสโยนลงไปในบ่อ ซึ่งเลี้ยงปลาไหลทะเลเพื่อให้เป็นอาหารของปลาเศรษฐี บางคนถึงกับลงทุนทำเครื่องประดับเพชรให้กับปลาไหลทะเลที่เลี้ยงไว้ในบ้าน     ในยุคกลางของยุโรปตามโบสถ์หรือพระราชวังมักจะมีบ่อเลี้ยงปลาเป็นเครื่องประดับสถานที่กันแพร่หลาย แต่ยุโรปยังใช้เทคนิคระดับต่ำในการเลี้ยงดูและเพาะเลี้ยงปลาจนกระทั่งมาถึงตอนต้นของพุทธศตวรรษที่ 16 พระรูปหนึ่งในคริสศาสนาชื่อ ดอม ปินโซล เป็นบุคคลแรกที่สามารถทำการผสมเทียมปลาได้สำเร็จ แต่ยังไม่มีใครรู้มากนัก เพราะบันทึกพิมพ์ส่สาธารณะก็เมื่อปี พ.ศ. 2393 อย่างไรก็ดีท่านก็สมควรได้รับการยกย่องที่สามารถวางรากฐานผสมเทียมปลาเอาไว้ให้คนร่นหลังได้พัฒนาต่อไป    ในขณะเดี่ยวกันทวีปเอเซียก็มิได้น้อยหน้าทางยุโรปเลย ชาวจีนสามารถสร้างปลาสวยงาม ซึ่งเป็นที่รู้จักกันดีทั่วโลกได้ นั่นคือ ปลาเงินปลาทองในยุคนี้จีนถูกปกครองโดยราชวงศ์ซุง (พ.ศ. 1503-1821) เชื่อกันว่าชาวจีนใช้ปลาไนเป็นต้นกำเนิดให้กับปลาเงินปลาทองโดยการเพาะเลี้ยงและคัดสายพันธุ์อย่างละเอียดถี่ถ้วนบวกกับความเอาใจใส่ในการเลี้ยงดูและความอดทนต่อผลสำเร็จเป็นระยะเวลาอันยาวนาน ปลาเงินปลาทองจึงถือกำเนิดขึ้นมาในเวลาไล่เลี่ยกับปลาคาร์พสีสวยเพื่อเป็นสัตว์เลี้ยงสีสวยงามที่น่ารักของมนุษย์ บรรพบุรุษของปลาคาร์พนั้นเชื่อกันว่าคือปลาไนสามัญ(Cyprinus carpio ) มีถิ่นกำเนิดในบริเวณที่เป็นประเทศอิหร่านเวลานี้ ต่อมาพ่อค้าที่เดินทางค้าขายกับตะวันออกไกลได้นำเข้ามาสู่ประเทศจีน ญี่ปุ่นและยุโรปตะวันตก เป็นเวลาหลายพันปีมาแล้ว ปลาแฟนซีคาร์พถูกเพาะพันธุ์ขึ้นมาส��เร็จในประเทศญี่ปุ่นเมื่อประมาณปี พ.ศ. 2368 ณ. เมืองโอจิย่า ในเขตการปกครองนิอิกาต้าชาวญี่ปุ่นสมัยโบราณเลี้ยงปลาไนเอาไว้เป็นอาหารรับประทานโดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งในช่วงฤดูห

นาวที่อาหารเนื้อสัตว์และโปรตีนคาดแคลนมาก ชาติแรกที่ร้จักการเพาะเลี้ยงปลาคือ "จีน"  และเชื่อกันว่าชาวจีนรู้จักการเลี้ยงปลาคาร์พในบ่อมาก่อนพุทธศักราชไม่น้อยกว่า 500 ปี แต่กิจการการเลี้ยงปลาคาร์พในบ่อมีการทำเป็นล่ำเป็นสันและยึดเป็นอาชีพก็เกือบพุทธศักราชที่ 500 ทีเดียว ส่วนโรมันได้ชื่อว่าเป็นชาติแรกที่รู้จักการเลี้ยงปลาทะเลในฐานะเป็นสัตว์เลี้ยงความร้ทางด้านการเลี้ยงปลาในที่ จำกัดจะแพร่จากชาวโรมันไปส่กรีกและอียิปต์ต่อมาในเวลาไม่นานเพราะมีหลักฐานเป็นลายลักษณ์อักษรปรากฏไว้เป็นข้อความสั้นๆ ในขณะที่หลักฐานการเลี้ยงปลาทะเลของชาวโรมันก็ริเริ่มเลี้ยงปลา เพื่อใช้เป็นอาหารสดเหมือนชาวจีน รวมทั้งมีการเพาะฟักไข่ปลาให้เป็นตัวได้แสดงว่าชาวโรมันก็มีเทคนิคไม่น้อยเหมือนกัน ประมาณพุทธศตวรรษที่ 475 การเลี้ยงปลาทะเลในบ่อของชาวโรมันก็กลายเป็นแฟชั่นสำหรับเศรษฐีในยุคนั้นๆ หนังสือระบุไว้ว่ามีเศรษฐีชาวโรมันคลั่งไคล้การเลี้ยงปลาทะเลคนหนึ่งถึงกับลงทุนสร้างอุโมงผ่านภูเขาเพื่อเป็นทางลำเลียงน้ำทะเลมายังบ่อปลาในบ้าน นอกจากนี้ยังมีเรื่องเล่าถึงวิธีการลงโทษทาสในสมัยนั้นของเศรษฐีชาวโรมันคือการจับทาสโยนลงไปในบ่อ ซึ่งเลี้ยงปลาไหลทะเลเพื่อให้เป็นอาหารของปลาเศรษฐี บางคนถึงกับลงทุนทำเครื่องประดับเพชรให้กับปลาไหลทะเลที่เลี้ยงไว้ในบ้าน     ในยุคกลางของยุโรปตามโบสถ์หรือพระราชวังมักจะมีบ่อเลี้ยงปลาเป็นเครื่องประดับสถานที่กันแพร่หลาย แต่ยุโรปยังใช้เทคนิคระดับต่ำในการเลี้ยงดูและเพาะเลี้ยงปลาจนกระทั่งมาถึงตอนต้นของพุทธศตวรรษที่ 16 พระรูปหนึ่งในคริสศาสนาชื่อ ดอม ปินโซล เป็นบุคคลแรกที่สามารถทำการผสมเทียมปลาได้สำเร็จ แต่ยังไม่มีใครรู้มากนัก เพราะบันทึกพิมพ์ส่สาธารณะก็เมื่อปี พ.ศ. 2393 อย่างไรก็ดีท่านก็สมควรได้รับการยกย่องที่สามารถวางรากฐานผสมเทียมปลาเอาไว้ให้คนร่นหลังได้พัฒนาต่อไป    ในขณะเดี่ยวกันทวีปเอเซียก็มิได้น้อยหน้าทางยุโรปเลย ชาวจีนสามารถสร้างปลาสวยงาม ซึ่งเป็นที่รู้จักกันดีทั่วโลกได้ นั่นคือ ปลาเงินปลาทองในยุคนี้จีนถูกปกครองโดยราชวงศ์ซุง (พ.ศ. 1503-1821) เชื่อกันว่าชาวจีนใช้ปลาไนเป็นต้นกำเนิดให้กับปลาเงินปลาทองโดยการเพาะเลี้ยงและคัดสายพันธุ์อย่างละเอียดถี่ถ้วนบวกกับความเอาใจใส่ในการเลี้ยงดูและความอดทนต่อผลสำเร็จเป็นระยะเวลาอันยาวนาน ปลาเงินปลาทองจึงถือกำเนิดขึ้นมาในเวลาไล่เลี่ยกับปลาคาร์พสีสวยเพื่อเป็นสัตว์เลี้ยงสีสวยงามที่น่ารักของมนุษย์ บรรพบุรุษของปลาคาร์พนั้นเชื่อกันว่าคือปลาไนสามัญ(Cyprinus carpio ) มีถิ่นกำเนิดในบริเวณที่เป็นประเทศอิหร่านเวลานี้ ต่อมาพ่อค้าที่เดินทางค้าขายกับตะวันออกไกลได้นำเข้ามาสู่ประเทศจีน ญี่ปุ่นและยุโรปตะวันตก เป็นเวลาหลายพันปีมาแล้ว ปลาแฟนซีคาร์พถูกเพาะพันธุ์ขึ้นมาสำเร็จในประเทศญี่ปุ่นเมื่อประมาณปี พ.ศ. 2368 ณ. เมืองโอจิย่า ในเขตการปกครองนิอิกาต้าชาวญี่ปุ่นสมัยโบราณเลี้ยงปลาไนเอาไว้เป็นอาหารรับประทานโดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งในช่วงฤดูหนาวที่อาหารเนื้อสัตว์และโปรตีนคาดแคลนมาก [ad_2] Source link

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[ad_1] The risk can be higher or lower from time to time. The concepts of closeness to the core business and market attractiveness can be combined to analyze the risk of investing in new offerings. The proximity of the new offering to the core business is measured by its proximity to current offerings and current markets. Mar 20, 2020 · the risk management process can look different for every business and situation. Business risk is the risk associated with running a business. Calculate Business Risk Using These Financial Ratios from fthmb.tqn.com The proximity of the new offering to the core business is measured by its proximity to current offerings and current markets. Some companies have entire enterprise risk management teams that focus on strategic risk, risk assessment, risk profiles, risk treatment, and risk preparation for every new product and strategy. Additon of fco economic factsheets to … Business risk is the risk associated with running a business. The concepts of closeness to the core business and market attractiveness can be combined to analyze the risk of investing in new offerings. The risks facing a typical business are broad and include things that you can control such as your strategy and things beyond your control such as the global economy. See how insurance, health and safety laws and cyber security can help. Manage risks and protect your business. Risk management protect your business. The following are common types of business risk. But it will be there as long as you run a business or want to operate and expand. For example, if a firm isn't able to produce the units to make profits, then there is a. Aug 29, 2015 · a business risk is a future possibility that may prevent you from achieving a business goal. Business risk is the risk associated with running a business. The proximity of the new offering to the core business is measured by its proximity to current offerings and current markets. See how insurance, health and safety laws and cyber security can help. Jul 28, 2020 · business risk is any exposure a company or organization has to factor(s) that may lower its profits or cause it to go bankrupt. Knowing how to plan and manage risks can help reduce the impact of an unexpected events. Changes in tastes, changing preferences of consumers, strikes, increased competition, changes in government policy, obsolescence etc.every business organization faces various risk elements while doing … Mar 20, 2020 · the risk management process can look different for every business and situation. Business is the activity of making one's living or making money by producing or buying and selling products (such as goods and services). Some companies have entire enterprise risk management teams that focus on strategic risk, risk assessment, risk profiles, risk treatment, and risk preparation for every new product and strategy. The proximity of the new offering to the core business is measured by its proximity to current offerings and current markets. The sources of business risk are varied but can range from changes. Changes in tastes, changing preferences of consumers, strikes, increased competition, changes in government policy, obsolescence etc.every business organization faces various risk elements while doing … For example, if a firm isn't able to produce the units to make profits, then there is a. But it will be there as long as you run a business or want to operate and expand. FREE 15+ Business Forms for Car Dealers in PDF from images.sampleforms.com The sources of business risk are varied but can range from changes. Manage risks and protect your business. Jul 28, 2020 · business risk is any exposure a company or organization has to factor(s) that may lower its profits or cause it to go bankrupt. Additon of fco economic factsheets

to … The concepts of closeness to the core business and market attractiveness can be combined to analyze the risk of investing in new offerings. Business is the activity of making one's living or making money by producing or buying and selling products (such as goods and services). Changes in tastes, changing preferences of consumers, strikes, increased competition, changes in government policy, obsolescence etc.every business organization faces various risk elements while doing … Business risk refers to a threat to the company's ability to achieve its financial goals earnings guidance an earnings guidance is the information provided by the management of a publicly traded company regarding its expected future results, including estimates.in business, risk means that a company's or an organization's plans may not turn … Business risk refers to a threat to the company's ability to achieve its financial goals earnings guidance an earnings guidance is the information provided by the management of a publicly traded company regarding its expected future results, including estimates.in business, risk means that a company's or an organization's plans may not turn … Risk management protect your business. Manage risks and protect your business. Knowing how to plan and manage risks can help reduce the impact of an unexpected events. Jul 28, 2020 · business risk is any exposure a company or organization has to factor(s) that may lower its profits or cause it to go bankrupt. The concepts of closeness to the core business and market attractiveness can be combined to analyze the risk of investing in new offerings. See how insurance, health and safety laws and cyber security can help. The risks facing a typical business are broad and include things that you can control such as your strategy and things beyond your control such as the global economy. Additon of fco economic factsheets to … But it will be there as long as you run a business or want to operate and expand. For example, if a firm isn't able to produce the units to make profits, then there is a. The sources of business risk are varied but can range from changes. need quotation to verify simply put, it is any activity or enterprise entered into for profit.having a business name does not separate the business entity from the owner, which means that the owner of the business is responsible … Business risk is the risk associated with running a business. The proximity of the new offering to the core business is measured by its proximity to current offerings and current markets. Business is the activity of making one's living or making money by producing or buying and selling products (such as goods and services). The sources of business risk are varied but can range from changes. But it will be there as long as you run a business or want to operate and expand. Manage risks and protect your business. FREE 15+ Business Forms for Car Dealers in PDF from images.sampleforms.com The risk can be higher or lower from time to time. But it will be there as long as you run a business or want to operate and expand. Nov 27, 2014 · overseas business risk documents for costa rica and nicaragua added. See how insurance, health and safety laws and cyber security can help. The proximity of the new offering to the core business is measured by its proximity to current offerings and current markets. Some companies have entire enterprise risk management teams that focus on strategic risk, risk assessment, risk profiles, risk treatment, and risk preparation for every new product and strategy. need quotation to verify simply put, it is any activity or enterprise entered into for profit.having a business name does not separate the business entity from the owner, which means that the owner of the business is responsible … Business risk refers to a threat to the company's ability to achieve its financial

goals earnings guidance an earnings guidance is the information provided by the management of a publicly traded company regarding its expected future results, including estimates.in business, risk means that a company's or an organization's plans may not turn … Aug 29, 2015 · a business risk is a future possibility that may prevent you from achieving a business goal. Manage risks and protect your business. The sources of business risk are varied but can range from changes. For example, if a firm isn't able to produce the units to make profits, then there is a. The following are common types of business risk. Jul 28, 2020 · business risk is any exposure a company or organization has to factor(s) that may lower its profits or cause it to go bankrupt. The concepts of closeness to the core business and market attractiveness can be combined to analyze the risk of investing in new offerings. Changes in tastes, changing preferences of consumers, strikes, increased competition, changes in government policy, obsolescence etc.every business organization faces various risk elements while doing … Aug 29, 2015 · a business risk is a future possibility that may prevent you from achieving a business goal. See how insurance, health and safety laws and cyber security can help. Mar 20, 2020 · the risk management process can look different for every business and situation. The proximity of the new offering to the core business is measured by its proximity to current offerings and current markets. The risks facing a typical business are broad and include things that you can control such as your strategy and things beyond your control such as the global economy. Risk management protect your business. Business Risk - Calculate Business Risk Using These Financial Ratios / The risks facing a typical business are broad and include things that you can control such as your strategy and things beyond your control such as the global economy.. The concepts of closeness to the core business and market attractiveness can be combined to analyze the risk of investing in new offerings. The following are common types of business risk. The risks facing a typical business are broad and include things that you can control such as your strategy and things beyond your control such as the global economy. Some companies have entire enterprise risk management teams that focus on strategic risk, risk assessment, risk profiles, risk treatment, and risk preparation for every new product and strategy. Manage risks and protect your business. [ad_2] Source link

[animalguideee]

[ad_1] Eyore is a sweetie pie! He's a 3-4 month old Lab X puppy! Eyore is adoptable so he is safe for a while! Eyore is an adorable baby that needs a home! [ad_2] Source link

[animalguideee]

[ad_1] A bark is a sound most commonly produced by dogs. Other animals that make this noise include wolves, seals, foxes and quolls. Woof is the most common representation in the English language for this sound, especially for large dogs. Other transcripts include the onomatopoeic ruff, arf, the bow-wow, and, for small dogs yip. "Bark" is a verb describing aussi explosive sharp cry of some animals. Check out this video to hear dog sound [ad_2] Source link

[animalguideee]

[ad_1] Effective date: October 10, 2018 Fart sounds ("us", "we", or "our") operates the website and the Fart sounds mobile application (the "Service"). This page informs you of our policies regarding the collection, use, and disclosure of personal data when you use our Service and the choices you have associated with that data. Our Privacy Policy for Fart sounds is managed through Free Privacy Policy. We use your data to provide and improve the Service. By using the Service, you agree to the collection and use of information in accordance with this policy. Unless otherwise defined in this Privacy Policy, terms used in this Privacy Policy have the same meanings as in our Terms and Conditions. Information Collection And Use We collect several different types of information for various purposes to provide and improve our Service to you. Types of Data Collected Personal Data While using our Service, we may ask you to provide us with certain personally identifiable information that can be used to contact or identify you ("Personal Data"). Personally identifiable information may include, but is not limited to: Usage Data We may also collect information that your browser sends whenever you visit our Service or when you access the Service by or through a mobile device ("Usage Data"). This Usage Data may include information such as your computer's Internet Protocol address (e.g. IP address), browser type, browser version, the pages of our Service that you visit, the time and date of your visit, the time spent on those pages, unique device identifiers and other diagnostic data. When you access the Service by or through a mobile device, this Usage Data may include information such as the type of mobile device you use, your mobile device unique ID, the IP address of your mobile device, your mobile operating system, the type of mobile Internet browser you use, unique device identifiers and other diagnostic data. Tracking & Cookies Data We use cookies and similar tracking technologies to track the activity on our Service and hold certain information. Cookies are files with small amount of data which may include an anonymous unique identifier. Cookies are sent to your browser from a website and stored on your device. Tracking technologies also used are beacons, tags, and scripts to collect and track information and to improve and analyze our Service. You can instruct your browser to refuse all cookies or to indicate when a cookie is being sent. However, if you do not accept cookies, you may not be able to use some portions of our Service. Examples of Cookies we use: Session Cookies. We use Session Cookies to operate our Service. Preference Cookies. We use Preference Cookies to remember your preferences and various settings. Security Cookies. We use Security Cookies for security purposes. Use of Data Fart sounds uses the collected data for various purposes: To provide and maintain the Service To notify you about changes to our Service To allow you to participate in interactive features of our Service when you choose to do so To provide customer care and support To provide analysis or valuable information so that we can improve the Service To monitor the usage of the Service To detect, prevent and address technical issues Transfer Of Data Your information, including Personal Data, may be transferred to — and maintained on — computers located outside of your state, province, country or other governmental jurisdiction where the data protection laws may differ than those from your jurisdiction. If you are located outside United States and choose to provide information to us, please note that we transfer the data, including Personal Data, to United States and process it there. Your consent to this Privacy Policy followed by your submission of such information represents your agreement to that transfer. Fart sounds will take all steps reasonably necessary to ensure that your data is treated securely and in accordance

with this Privacy Policy and no transfer of your Personal Data will take place to an organization or a country unless there are adequate controls in place including the security of your data and other personal information. Disclosure Of Data Legal Requirements Fart sounds may disclose your Personal Data in the good faith belief that such action is necessary to: To comply with a legal obligation To protect and defend the rights or property of Fart sounds To prevent or investigate possible wrongdoing in connection with the Service To protect the personal safety of users of the Service or the public To protect against legal liability Security Of Data The security of your data is important to us, but remember that no method of transmission over the Internet, or method of electronic storage is 100% secure. While we strive to use commercially acceptable means to protect your Personal Data, we cannot guarantee its absolute security. Service Providers We may employ third party companies and individuals to facilitate our Service ("Service Providers"), to provide the Service on our behalf, to perform Service-related services or to assist us in analyzing how our Service is used. These third parties have access to your Personal Data only to perform these tasks on our behalf and are obligated not to disclose or use it for any other purpose. Links To Other Sites Our Service may contain links to other sites that are not operated by us. If you click on a third party link, you will be directed to that third party's site. We strongly advise you to review the Privacy Policy of every site you visit. We have no control over and assume no responsibility for the content, privacy policies or practices of any third party sites or services. Children's Privacy Our Service does not address anyone under the age of 18 ("Children"). We do not knowingly collect personally identifiable information from anyone under the age of 18. If you are a parent or guardian and you are aware that your Children has provided us with Personal Data, please contact us. If we become aware that we have collected Personal Data from children without verification of parental consent, we take steps to remove that information from our servers. Changes To This Privacy Policy We may update our Privacy Policy from time to time. We will notify you of any changes by posting the new Privacy Policy on this page. We will let you know via email and/or a prominent notice on our Service, prior to the change becoming effective and update the "effective date" at the top of this Privacy Policy. You are advised to review this Privacy Policy periodically for any changes. Changes to this Privacy Policy are effective when they are posted on this page. Contact Us If you have any questions about this Privacy Policy, please contact us: By visiting this page on our website: https://animalsoundsapp.blogspot.com [ad_2] Source link

[animalguideee]

[ad_1] Animal Welfare Board of India: Functions of the Board skip to main | skip to sidebar Functions of the Board To keep the law in force in India for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals under constant study and to advise the government on the amendments to be undertaken in any such law from time to time.To advise the Central Government on the making of rules under the Act with a view to preventing unnecessary pain or suffering to animals generally, and more particularly when they are being transported from one place to another or when they are used as performing animals or when they are kept in captivity or confinment.To advise the Government or any local authority or other person on improvements in the design of vehicles so as to lessen the burden on draught animals.To take all such steps as the Board may think fit for amelioration of animals by encouraging, or providing for the construction of sheds, water troughs and the like and by providing for veterinary assistance to animals.To advise the Government or any local authority or other person in the design of slaughter houses or the maintenance of slaughter houses or in connection with slaughter of animals so that unnecessary pain or suffering, whether physicrd or mental, is eliminated in the pre- slaughter stages as far as possible, and animals are killed, wherever necessary, in as humane a manner as possible.To take all such steps as the Board may think fit to ensure that unwanted animals are destroyed by local authorities, whenever it is necessary to do so, either instantaneously or after being rendered insensible to pain or suffering.To encourage by the grant of financial assistance or otherwise, the formation or establishment of Pinjarapoles, rescue homes, animals shelters, sanctuaries and the like, where animals and birds may find a shelter when they have become old and useless or when they need protection.To co-operate with, and co-ordinate the work of associations or bodies established for the purpose of preventing unnecessary pain or suffering to animals or for the protection of animals and birds.To give financial assistance and other assistance to Animal Welfare Organisations functioping in any local area or to encourage the formation of Animal Welfare Organisations in any local area which shall work under the general supervision and guidance of the Board.To advise the Government on matters relating to the medical care and attentionwhich may be provided in animal hospitals, and to give financial and other assistance to animal hospitals whenever the Board think it is necessary to do so.To impart education inrelation to thehumanetreatment of animals and to encourage the formation of public opinion against the infliction of unnecessary pain or suffering to animals and for the promotion of animal welfare by means of lectures books, posters, cinematographic exhibitions and the like.To advise the Government on any matter connected with animal welfare or the Prevention of infliction of unnecessary pain or suffering on animals.   [ad_2] Source link

[animalguideee]

[ad_1] Enter your search terms Submit search form   Web animalrescueteam.blogspot.com Monday, July 2, 2007 ALL DOGS ARE'NT DANGEROUS posted by priyanka & Padmaja at 6:01 AM 0 Comments: Post a Comment Subscribe to Post Comments [Atom]

[animalguideee]

[ad_1] Hello,I have been thinking and over-thinking and re-thinking a lot about Abolition versus Welfare. We discussed this issue in class. My course-mates had varying opinions. For instance, the fact that some of my course-mates were Vegan and some were omnivorous illustrates varying attitudes toward animal use. There were also various opinions on the ethics of animal welfare amongst our lecturers. Despite having different viewpoints and attitudes, we all cared greatly for animals and wanted to work to make life better for the other species with whom we share this Earth.I had an applicant to the MSc programme as me about the issue of abolishing animal use vs. working in animal welfare. I have also noticed that this question comes up when I'm speaking to many Americans who care about animals in the US. It is still something that I am grappling with, but I just found this: http://www.animalliberationfront.com/Philosophy/Debating/fallacy.html Even though this is on a website of what I consider to be an extreme organization, I like this balanced explanation. There need not be a sharp division between Abolitionists vs Animal Welfarists. We all want animals to have better lives. I think that the example of cage space is useful to explain this idea. A person who works in Animal Welfare may think that it would be best for zebra finches to live outside in a large social group as they would in the wild, but may publish a report that calls for laboratory finches to have larger cages. If the report improves the welfare of the finches by giving them more space, then the finches have better lives. One of our lecturers told me that she didn't think that we would completely stop using animals for human purposes within her lifetime, so she thought the best way to help the animals would be to improve their housing conditions. That is a pragmatic approach.These are the 5 Freedoms of Animal Welfare:1. Freedom from hunger and thirst2. Freedom from discomfort3. Freedom from pain, injury and disease4. Freedom to express normal behaviour5. Freedom from fear and distressThe Five Freedoms are goals of animal welfare work. They provide a rough framework to help create a concept of welfare, but it can be difficult to meet all of them at once. One goal may conflict with another. For example, freedom from injury and disease can require veterinary procedures that may be somewhat painful. The goal would be to reduce the pain as much as possible by providing analgesia to balance these freedoms, but it is not always possible to achieve both all aspects of all goals at the same time. It may not be possible for anyone to live a life that is free from fear and distress, because these are natural emotions. In reality that goal often means preventing excessive or constant/pro-longed fear or distress. Perhaps the a social group of finches is housed in a very large, enriched, naturalistic aviary without any stressful visitor presence, but to maintain the health of the group, the birds must be caught and taken to a veterinarian once a year. The birds will be free from distress and fear much of the time, but they may experience distress and fear when they are caught at for that annual examination. Perhaps these finches are wild and in their native habitat, but are caught by a researcher and tagged to monitor their population. Catching them could cause fear and distress, so an animal welfarist would recommend ways to reduce fear and distress, maybe by developing smaller tags and gentler handling methods.Our broad goal is to reduce suffering and improve the lives of non-human animals.Can that be achieved if we consider animals to be our property??? Should be abolish animal ownership?I actually don't know. I know that many vegans, including myself, who don't think of animals as property do live with pets. These pets are usually stray or relinquished domestic animals which would otherwise be killed or suffer if they weren't provided with homes. There is a discussion about whether we refer to ourselves as pet "owners" or "guardians".

"Guardian" has more of an animal welfare flavor to it and makes me think of the five freedoms.There is agreement in the UK that animals are sentient beings that deserve respect. I think that respect for animals is very important, regardless of whether or not we label them as "property".Now I'm going to make you feel uneasy. Try to breathe deeply and know that I am saying this from a place of love. I have really grappled with this for a long time, but I still find it very difficult. This is not the same as animal welfare. I must stress that this is a different topic with different ethics.This is the thought that always creeps into my mind when I discuss Abolition vs Welfare. It reared its ugly head during our Livestock Auction Welfare Assessment project & it still haunts me.OK -People used to be legal property.If you lived in a place and time when humans were legal property, would you work to improve the welfare of these people or would you work to abolish the practice of keeping humans as property?Note: The Animal Rights ethical viewpoint is that non-human animals have a right to life and freedom.People working in the field of Human Rights do work to abolish slavery (yes, unfortunately, slavery still exists in the world) and to improve human well-being/welfare. It is possible to do both. I am a fan of Human Rights. I think is is ethically appalling to begin to think that there is any excuse for humans to be considered property. I don't think that women are the property of men.My course in animal welfare taught me that Aristotle set up an incorrect hierarchy with rich men at the top, women below them, enslaved people lower down, animals below that level, and plants at the bottom. I reject Aristotle's hierarchy. I prefer modern holistic philosophy. I think that science is showing us that we are all connected parts of an ecosystem and that all people and living beings deserve respect. I studied the Gaia Hypothesis during an Environmental Science class in undergrad which relates to this. I think there is a trend toward systems approaches in science. I think the future of science is analyzing the complex connections between things/beings. Our lectures on Consciousness and my undergraduate lectures in Social Psychology and Neuroscience lead me to think that every part of our Universe is important and deserves respect.I have also learned that there is diversity and variation in nature. Aristotle's hierarchical concept of nature was too shallow and didn't explain the variation within each of his levels. For instance, if you think all rich men are at the high level, and women are below them, so women have smaller brains and are less intelligent (completely dis-proven by scientific research, by the way), you can't have a concept of neuro-elasticity or changes in intelligence. I recently saw an article about a person with almost no cortex (only a minuscule part of the brain was present) who functioned normally. I heard from a friend who works at a veterinary neurologist that she has seen a few dogs with almost no brain tissue that, amazingly, are normally functioning dogs. Irene Pepperberg and other bird researchers showed the cognitive abilities of birds, animals with very, very different brain structures than ours. Science is starting to reveal amazing things which are demolishing Aristotle's hierarchy.I believe that to make the world a better place we must value all parts of the Earth. I am sitting on land that was once inhabited by the Powhatan tribe of Native American people. I gather that Native Americans respect all of nature. I also gather that Native Americans have broader gender concepts than we do and accept two-spirit people, while Westerners struggle to accept LGBT+ humans. During this course, I learned that homosexual behavior common in many species of animals and is a normal part of nature.Darwin was a scientist who was from Shropshire, England. I saw his Origin of Species book at the museum in Edinburgh. I have recently read his text, the Descent of Man.

Darwin is credited with shattering many concepts with his work and for improving our understanding of and respect for non-human animals. I was surprised to hear how biased Darwin was in his understanding of humans. In Descent of Man, he talks about how he thinks that Parrots have a concept of property ownership and love, but he also says, in an extremely problematic way, that indigenous people are savages and are less intelligent than Englishmen. I reject his statements about indigenous people. Other researchers showed that indigenous people are no less intelligent and no less cognitive than English people. Once again, our brains are the same size...as hard as that might be for old people like Darwin and Aristotle to understand.I think it is important to value all people and all animals. I think we can learn a lot from people who have different perspectives than our own. I know that I learned a ton by talking to students from different parts of the world.I also think we can learn from other species. Many researchers, especially in the US, refer to animals used in their research as "models". For example, mice are "models" of human anxiety and depression. Parrots have been referred to as models for the evolution of human social behavior. I have always thought that other species of animals evolved to have different abilities, and that we can actually learn from these species because they may be better at certain things than humans are. Hear me out.  I cannot smell the difference between a ripe or unripe blackberry, but my dog can. My dog cannot see the difference between a red or black blackberry, but I can. Parrots live in huge social flocks. Instead of thinking of them as models of the evolution of human behavior which is a statement that is made with the assumption that humans are somehow "more" socially evolved that birds, despite the obvious problems that people have getting along and the amazing ability of birds to live in huge groups in very close proximity without fighting.... I think we could possibly learn from parrots about how to get along with one another. They are actually really good at it. They are probably way better at it than we are. It may sound crazy, but I think that parrots might respect one another. I know that they have complex social behavior and that African Grey Parrots barely ever have violent fights.I've observed that humans can be very violent. This is apparent in recent news and in history.We have very big brains. The science of Psychology is demonstrating that we also have very real cognitive biases. Our minds use short-cuts which evolved to help us survive. One of those short-cuts is called "In-Group Bias" in psychology. It is the shortcut that evolved so that we feel safer with our own family than with other people. We are fearful of others who don't look like us. It seems to be a very natural tendency with an important evolutionary function that helped us to survive. We used to live in family groups or tribes and we couldn't trust certain animals because they would eat us. "In-Group Bias" is a problem. It is why we are afraid of people who do not look like us. There is some fantastic current research by psychologists who are investigating how this causes racial bias. A couple of studies have also shown that In-Group Bias leads us to speciesist thinking. We are more likely to rely on this cognitive shortcut when we are already feeling afraid. We are less likely to feel comfortable around people and species that are not familiar, especially when we are fearful. One study also linked In-Group bias to right-wing conservative politics. (I will find that reference and insert it as soon as I can). Due to a our survival mechanism, we become more conservative when we experience cognitive dissonance, that is, when our core beliefs are challenged by our experiences. This is why people react so surprisingly passionately and aggressively (or "agonistically" as we say in behaviour science) when they see me eat a veggie burger instead of a hot-dog.

It is really important to realize that In-Group bias exists and to recognize it.During this course, we learned about history and culture, including Aristotle's hierarchy, so that we could be aware of all of our own biases when doing our research projects. I think this is a good and rational practice which helps me see through "cultural fog" as dear Dr. Susan Friedman always says when teaching Clinical Animal Behavior. Being aware of my biases allows me to be able to "take of my blinders" and see the bigger picture. It allows me to have my mind blown over and over again by the majesty of the universe and the complexity of humanity. Despite a lot of effort to recognize biases and respect others, even the very best scientists are still somewhat biased because we are all only human.That reminds me of this song that I love: https://youtu.be/r5yaoMjaAmE (Human by Christina Perri)I would like to apologize in advance for problematic statements in this post. I don't have a complete understanding of Native American spirituality, but I would like to learn more. I have biases. I am always trying to recognize biases in my thinking and gaps in my knowledge.  ...There is also a possibility that this dissertation period has caused me to completely lose my mind and that this is nonsensical gibberish...  [ad_2] Source link

[animalguideee]

[ad_1] Animal rescue programs are often wonderful and beneficial organizations that help find loving homes for misplaced, mistreated, stray and unwanted pets. Without local animal rescues, the UK would be facing many more issues relating to stray cats and dogs than they do today.The general purpose in animal rescue organizations is primarily to work hard in order to save the lives of pets in need. Sometimes, pets that have been in the shelter for too long are eligible for euthanization, and these organizations desire to see no animal euthanized. Rescue shelters strive to keep these loving pets alive, as they look for new caring families to take a new pet into their home.There are many different kinds of rescue groups out there for different kinds of pets. For example, there is rabbit, bird, and there is even a squirrel rescue group! The primary kinds are cat and dog organizations. Some have branches for specific breeds, such as Golden Retrievers, large dog, or working dog rescue.These organizations normally work closely with animal shelters. Animal rescue organizations will normally accept pets from shelters or pet adoption agencies that have been there too long and have worn out their welcome. Sometimes when a shelter is unable to find a home, an organization can. If for some reason it takes a good amount of time for a dog or cat to be adopted, animal rescues usually have a list of many foster families who are willing to take the pet into their own loving home until an adoption family can be found.Animal rescue organizations primarily depend on donations and fund-raisers as their money source. They also depend heavily on caring volunteers who keep things running smoothly and in an orderly fashion. They also have foster family volunteers, who make a large difference in the lives of pets everyday by accepting these unfortunate animals into their homes.While animals are staying at the local rescues, they often benefit greatly. Many rescues give the pets health attention, such as spaying or neutering, vaccinations, disease prevention medication, and other medical attention that might be necessary. These pets also often play with volunteers, doing things such as catch, tug-o-war, or simply running around and getting along with other dogs. Many times these pets undergo training sessions as well, so that when a caring family receives their new pet, they have little to worry about; they are getting a healthy, happy, and house-trained pet as a new addition into the family. They are also saving a valuable life in the process of animal adoption through a rescue group.Because of these non-profit volunteer organizations, hundreds of animal lives have been saved annually by being rescued and then transferred into a loving new home. Without the faithful work of these volunteers, these organizations would not be possible. If you are interested in getting involved in your community, animal rescue is a wonderful way to help by donating your time or finances. Help your community, and help save precious animal lives by supporting your local animal rescue organization.This article brought to you by http://www.dog-fence.org Visit us for valuable information on how to keep your pet safe from avoidable accidents. Discover the benefits of dog fences today!  You will find information relating to organisations near you via the links on the right. [ad_2] Source link

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[ad_1] 現今社會和生態系統一樣，兩者都需要的是「平衡」。每一個存在的生態系統都有其特定的組成，物理性如土壤、天氣、溫度等等環境因素是基礎，在內每一物種的關係定必互相緊扣，大家唇亡齒寒，不同物種之間透過自然選擇作出進化，形成各自最適合在此一系統內生存的形態。最欣欣向榮的系統，也就是最穩定的系統。這個系統內不同物種的每一成員，雖說都是為自己的基因而活，但同時每一個生命的努力，也必對大家存在的系統有所貢獻。和我們的社會一樣，生態系統內有不同的資源，不同物種已經就攝取不同資源的方法各自進行演化－這樣既可有效運用資源，也可以減少物種之間的競爭。剛剛看了一本很有趣的書，說的是有關非洲西南部的兩種鬣狗 - 褐鬣狗(Brown hyena)和斑鬣狗(Spotted hyena)。（左上圖）從前人們都應為鬣狗大多吃其他大型肉食動物捕獵得來的動物屍體，兩種鬣狗看來相似，在同一地方生活會否有資源競爭呢？但動物學家發現在牠們共同生活 的沙漠中，原來兩者扮演著不同的角色。體型較大的斑鬣狗較兇狠，雖然牠們也會吃動物屍體，但牠們更多時會聯合主動攻擊其他動物，特別是不同的羚羊；相反身 型較小的褐鬣狗，原來不太會攻擊其他動物，牠們食性很雜，由植物、腐屍至昆蟲統統都吃，兩者會避免在相同的地方覓食，而且兩者也就似演化出不同的行為：斑 鬣狗是集體生活的動物，牠們有強烈的社會系統，顯然這是在荒漠中捕獵致勝的關鍵；相反褐鬣狗進化出獨來獨往的行為，幼狗很早便得自己找食物，由於食物分佈不集中，單獨行事可以減少同一物種之間對食物的競爭。人類社會顯然也有著不同的資源，一個成熟的社會，不同的人以他們各自 的形式去得到所需的資源，只要是透過自己的努力得來便應該得到肯定。這和生態位(Niche)的概念不很相似嗎？雖說時代會進步，舊有的事物會被淘汰，但 這等於硬要取締不同人的生活嗎?為什麼一個社會只可以有集團式的商店而容不下少數人辛苦經營的小店？為什麼我們只可以有服務性行業而不可以有農民?存在於一個生態系統內的任何物種，牠和其他物種和環境之間的關係必是互相影響，一個農夫如把狐狸殺光，老鼠便會過多，最後還是影響農夫自己。我們的社會真的只容下從商的人嗎?我們是否只可從破壞多年以來辛苦保留的郊區、海港和農田才能建樓?現時全球其中一個面臨的生態災難便是入侵性物種(Invasive species)。一種本來不屬於這個生態系統的物種，突然被帶到一個新的環境，在這兒，牠們遇不到平時的天敵，環顧四周是取之不進的食物，其他生物也不 及牠們體型大去阻礙牠們覓食，他們可以說是到了樂土，於是當然大量繁衍！這對其他靠當地食物為生的本土生物卻是災難，牠們没有了生活的空間，所需的食物也 被新來的物種吃光，最後只有漸漸從這個生態系統褪去。記得紅火蟻、嶶金菊和福夀螺嗎??上課時，教授說過防止入侵性物種的方法不在如何根治，而是如何防止牠們進來。我們的社會，顯然是没有評估本來存在多年的平衡，對於地方這樣小的一個城市來說，能否承受不斷增加的人口？在生態學角度，入侵性物種以本身的生活方式生活没有錯，錯的是牠去了本來不是屬於牠的地 方。請記著，有些物種，進來以後便很難消滅。我們的社會如果被外來的人衝擊至社會系統失衡，那是誰的過錯呢?現在由鬧市如旺角、尖沙咀，以至新界如上水、 沙田，那些曾經熟悉的氣味還在嗎?只是，很多生態系統都是要在遭受到破壞後，人們才懂得珍惜。我們的社會還有没有希望重生？（右上圖：紅色的便是福夀螺）（下圖：水牛與牛背鷺）寫於2014年 [ad_2] Source link

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