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[ascolti-studies]

ᴛʜɪɴɢs ᴛᴏ ᴋᴇᴇᴘ ɪɴ ᴍɪɴᴅ:

- This is by no means a complete guide to all the prepositions you’ll ever encounter in the Norwegian language, but merely a collection of the most common ones and how they’re usually used/commonly translated. If you have questions about any prepositions beyond the ones on this list, feel free to ask and I’ll try to cover it in a separate post! 

- Some of these words aren’t only prepositions, but have other functions as well (conjunctions, adverbs, etc.), or are a part of a fixed expression, which I won’t go into in this post– so if you feel like you’ve seen some of these words before with completely different meanings/usage/translations, that might be why! 

- There are, as always (unfortunately), exceptions, so take the translations with a grain of salt– and feel free to send me an ask if you ever stumble upon one of said exceptions and would like a short explanation to go with it c: 

PREPOSISJONER || PREPOSITIONS

-

AV  ↦ of (something), by (someone).

“Toppen av fjellet.”  ↦  “The top of the mountain.” 

“Kongen av Norge.”  ↦  “The King of Norway.” 

“Bordet er laget av tre.”  ↦  “The table is made of wood.” 

“Boken er skrevet av Jo Nesbø.”  ↦  “The book is written by Jo Nesbø.” 

-

BLANT ↦ among.

“Å være blant venner.”  ↦ “To be among friends.”

-

ETTER  ↦ after.

“Jeg skal gjøre det etter skolen.”  ↦ “I’ll do it after school.”

-

FOR  ↦ for, (adjective) about/of (something).

“Kjøp 3 for 2!”  ↦  “Buy 3 for 2!”

“Jeg er lav for alderen.“ ↦  “I’m short for my age.” 

“Han ble straffet for forbrytelsen.”  ↦  “He was punished for the crime.” 

“Det er vanskelig for ham.”  ↦  “It’s difficult for him.” 

“Det er viktig for meg.”  ↦  “It’s important for me.” 

“Han er redd for slanger.”  ↦  “He’s scared of snakes.” 

“Jeg er nervøs for prøven.” ↦  “I’m nervous about the test.” 

“Jeg er glad for det.”  ↦  “I’m happy about it.” 

-

FORAN  ↦  in front of.

“Han stod foran meg.”  ↦  “He stood in front of me.” 

-

FRA ↦ from.

“Flasken lå 50 meter fra stranden.”   ↦ “The bottle lay 50 meters from the beach.”

“Snøen fra i fjor er her fortsatt.”  ↦ “The snow from last year is still here." 

-

FØR  ↦ before, prior to. 

“Jeg gjorde det før jul.” ↦  “I did it before/prior to Christmas.” 

-

GJENNOM / IGJENNOM  ↦ through.

“Katten hoppet ut gjennom vinduet.”  ↦  “The cat jumped out through the window.” 

“Vi kom oss gjennom det sammen.”   ↦  “We got through it together.” 

“Hun kunne ikke høre noe gjennom den høye musikken.”  ↦  “She couldn’t hear anything through the loud music.” 

-

HOS  ↦ with (someone), at (someone’s) place

“Jeg er hos Camilla.”  ↦  “I’m with Camilla.” / ”I’m at Camilla’s place.”

-

I  ↦ in, in (place), for (time expression). 

*regarding places: if you’re referring to cities and towns; depending on the place in question, either  i or på are used. While i is often used with bigger places and på for smaller ones, there’s no specific guideline or rule to which one’s right, so it all boils down to memorization. That being siad, in general i tends to be more common than på.

“Jeg sitter i bilen.”  ↦  “I’m sitting in the car.”

“Han ble født i 1995.”  ↦ “He was born in 1995.”

“Å dele noe i to.”  ↦  “To cut something in two/half.” 

“Jeg bor i Norge.”  ↦ “I live in Norway.” 

“Tyven er i huset.”  ↦  “The thief is in the house.” 

“Jeg har ventet i to timer.”  ↦  “I’ve been waiting for two hours.” 

-

INNI / INNE I  ↦ inside (of). 

“Han fant det inni/inne i esken.”  ↦ “He found it inside (of) the box.”  

-

I STEDET FOR / ISTEDENFOR  ↦ instead (of).

“Kan vi gå på kino i stedet for museum?”  ↦ “Can we go to the cinema instead of the museum?”

-

MED ↦ with, by (vehicle).

“Jeg snakket med Ole.”  ↦  “I talked with Ole.” 

“Smørbrød med ost.”  ↦ “Sandwich with cheese.” 

“Jeg dro til øya med båt.”  ↦  “I went to the island by boat.” 

-

MELLOM  ↦ between. 

“Du må velge mellom disse to.”  ↦ “You have to choose between these two.” 

“Kom mellom klokken 3 og 4.”  ↦ “Come between 3 and 4 o’clock.”  

-

MOT / IMOT   ↦ towards, against. 

“Å kjøre mot byen.” ↦ “To drive towards the city.” 

“Gå mot strømmen.” ↦ “Go against the stream.” 

“Å advare mot noe.” ↦ “To warn against something.” 

-

NED ↦ down.

“Han gikk ned trappa.”  ↦ “He walked down the stairs.”

-

OPP  ↦ up.

“Han løp opp bakken.”  ↦  “He ran up the hill.” 

-

OPPOVER  ↦ upwards.

“Ballongen steg oppover.”  ↦  “The balloon floated upwards.” 

-

OPPÅ / OPPE PÅ  ↦ on (top of). 

“Boken er oppå bordet.”  ↦ “The book is on (top of) the table.” 

-

OVENFOR / OVER ↦ above. 

*not to be confused with overfor. *over is more commonly used, while ovenfor can end up sounding old-fashioned in a lot of cases. If you’re unsure, it’s better to just use over, but it’s nice to know the meaning of ovenfor in case you  ever stumble across it. Keep in mind that only over can also be translated as “over” in regards to something ending (”det er over.”  ↦ “it’s over.”).

“Du kan lese mer om dette i teksten ovenfor/over.”   ↦ “You can read more about this in the text above.” 

-

OVERFOR ↦ opposite, in relation to. 

*not to be confused with ovenfor.

“De stod overfor hverandre.”  ↦ “They stood opposite each other.”  

“Følelsene mine overfor det temaet er kompliserte.” ↦ “My feelings in relation to that  subject are complicated”

-

PÅ  ↦ on, at, in (city/town).

“Boken er på bordet.”  ↦  “The book is on the table.” 

“Han bor på en øy.”  ↦  “He lives on an island.”

“Kan vi møtes på mandag?” ↦ “Can we meet on Monday?”

“Han er på politistasjonen.”  ↦  “He’s at the police station.” 

“Jeg er på skolen.” ↦ “I’m at school.”

“Hun bor på Sunnmøre.” ↦ “She lives in Sunnmøre.”  

-

PÅ GRUNN AV  ↦ because of, due to.

"Hun kunne ikke komme på grunn av dårlig vær.”  ↦ “She couldn’t come due to bad weather.”

-

RUNDT  ↦ around.

“Jeg har et skjerf rundt halsen.”  ↦  “I have a scarf around my neck.” 

“Å reise rundt.”  ↦  “To travel around.” 

-

SIDEN ↦ since.

“Jeg har ikke sett deg siden i fjor.”  ↦  “I haven’t seen you since last year.”

-

TIL  ↦ to (someone/somewhere), (number) more, (possessive).

“De dro til England.”  ↦  “They went to England.” 

“Hun ga eplet til Ole.”  ↦ “She gave the apple to Ole.” 

“Jeg hadde to bøker, og kjøpte tre til.”  ↦  “I had two books, and bougt three more.” 

“Dette er moren til Hanne.”  ↦  “This is Hanne’s mom.”

-

UANSETT  ↦ regardless of. 

“Alle slapp inn, uansett alder.”  ↦ “Everyone got in, regardless of age.” 

-

UNDER  ↦ under, below, during. 

“Det er under 0 grader.”  ↦  “It’s below 0 degrees.”

“Å jobbe under visse omstendigheter.”  ↦  “To work under certain conditions.” 

“Under krigen.”  ↦  “During the war.” 

-

UNNTATT ↦ except (from).

“Alle unntatt Ole drakk te.”  ↦  “Everyone except Ole drank tea.”  

-

UTENFOR  ↦ outside (of).

“Han ventet utenfor porten.”  ↦  “He waited outside (of) the gate.”

-

VED SIDEN AV  ↦ beside, next to.

“Biblioteket ligger ved siden av skolen.”  ↦ “The library is beside/next to the school.” 

[ascolti-studies]

Norwegian resources from this blog

After 4+ hours of collecting and organizing my Norwegian posts, I have decided to put them all into a big resource masterpost. These are resources from about a year of posting. I hope you all find these helpful!

Word lists & phrase lists (not in any particular order)

Frosty Morning vocab

Late Night vocab

Language Study vocab

Book vocab

Some useful words when writing a Norwegian essay

Forest Hike vocab

Mathematics vocab

Spring vocab

Polar-themed vocab

LoveWave (song by Iveta Mukuchyan) vocab

Optical Phenomena vocab

Sand-themed vocab

Norwegian Summer vocab

110 Random-But-Quite-Useful vocab

Home-themed vocab

Some Norwegian adverbs

21 useful phrases of daily Norwegian

Word of the day 

There are 200+ word of the day posts on my blog, and making a link for every one of them would take an eternity. Therefore, I advise you to just search on “wordoftheday” on my blog and all the posts should show up. Here is a link to the search. 

Grammar + other Norwegian language related explanations

I have somehow highlighted the more useful resources in this list!

Sentence structure: 1 2

Several possible options 

“På” after the verb “bevege”

Begge vs begge to

Comparatives and superlatives 

Vann vs vannet (including vatn)

Reflexive pronouns

Both “til” and “å” can be translated as “to”

“I love doing …”, “I hate being …”, infinitives

“Det vil jeg tro” vs “Jeg vil tro det”

“Ikke” after & before the verb

“da” vs “når”

“unnskyld” vs “beklager”

short examples with “å være”

“over hele verden” vs “i hele verden”

“Heller”, “annet”, “anna”, “annen”, “andre”, “gjerne”, “enig”,”enig i”, “enig med”

“Den”, “det”, “deg”, “dette”, denne”, “disse”

“Den vakre vennen min”

How to use the word “på”

“Er det det det er?”

“Den er”, “det er”, “denne er” etc.

plural definite

“å gjøre” = “to do”

How to use the word “man”

The feminine indefinite article “ei” and the feminine “-a” definite ending

“jo”

“av” vs “for” vs “til”

“En” vs “enn”

Two d’s in “Tror du at du får gjort det i kveld?”

Possessive pronouns

“Skulle helst”

Emphasis on pronouns

“Åpne opp” & “lukk opp” both means “open up”

General neuter pronoun in Norwegian

Nouns whose indefinite plural is the same as indefinite singular

“Siden” vs “ettersom”

“vel” & “nok”

Why “de stiller mye spørsmåler” is wrong

How to say “where is your top from”

The use of “den”

The use of definite form and indefinite form

The use of en, et & ei + the letter “æ” handwritten

“Vil du …?” & “Har du lyst …?”

“Lille”, “liten”, “små”

the word “da”

How to translate phrases like “the beautiful” & “the lovely” as in “the beautiful town of Lillehammer”

The difference between “derimot”, “uansett hvor”, “dog”, “likevel”, “imens” & “imidlertid”

Subject-verb inversion in question sentences

“Hjem” vs “hjemme”

How to use the word “sin”, “si”, “sitt” + possessive pronouns

The word “ass”: 1 2 3

“Kjekk” vs “pen” vs “vakker”

“Looking forward to” & “I am excited” in Norwegian

Reflexive pronouns (”meg” vs ”meg selv”)

“Å leke” vs “å spille”

“Takk for sist”

How and when to use commas in Norwegian

“gå” vs “dra”

“is about to …” in Norwegian

the -s suffix

past tenses with -a + multiple options for past tense

“you don’t happen to have …?” in Norwegian

The difference between “å sette”, “å sitte”, “å ligge” and “å legge”

Texts

a short Norwegian text with translations

en liten fortelling på norsk

En liten påskefortelling (a tiny Easter story)

I have tried my best to gather absolutely everything, however something tells me I have left out one or two posts. Also, if you find any mistakes or typos, please let me know so I can correct them!

[ascolti-studies]

FEELINGS & EMOTIONS || FØLELSER

happiness, joy - glede, lykke happy - glad, lykkelig love - kjærlighet loved - elsket pleased - fornøyd thankful - takknemlig cheerful - munter loving, affectionate - kjærlig satisfied - fornøyd optimistic - optimistisk warm - varm positive - positiv playful - leken confident - selvsikker calm - rolig considerate - omtenksom peaceful - fredelig understanding - forståelsesfull hopeful - håpefull comforted - trøstet touched - berørt courageous - modig bold, daring - dristig eager - ivrig curious - nysgjerrig thrilled - begeistret reliable - pålitelig lucky - heldig energetic - energisk interested - interessert fascinated - -fascinert impulsive - impulsiv comfortable - komfortabel sympathetic - medfølende free - fri certain - sikker relaxed - avslappet reassured - beroliget devoted - viet inspired - inspirert enthusiastic - entusiastisk admiration - beundring passionate - lidenskapelig excited - spent engrossed - oppslukt

fear - frykt scared, afraid - redd frightened - skremt wary, skeptical - skeptisk doubtful - tvilsom worried - bekymret anxious - engstelig confused - forvirret nervous - nervøs panic - panikk surprised - overrasket concerned - bekymret helpless - hjelpeløs uncertain - usikker uneasy - urolig paralyzed - lammet stupefied - lamslått despair - fortvilelse terrified - livredd threatened - truet desperate - desperat cowardly - feig restless- rastløs uncertain - usikker powerless - maktesløs unpleasant - ubehagelig hestitant - nølende appalled - forferdet

grief - sorg sad - trist sensitive - følsom unhappy - ulykkelig pessimistic - pessimistisk hurt - såret woeful - sørgelig mournful - sørgmodig depressed - deprimert crushed - knust doubtful - tvilsom empty - tom shy - sjenert dissatisfied - misfornøyd disappointed - skuffet alone - alene lonely - ensom gloomy - dyster miserable - elendig embarrassed - flau guilty - skyldig vulnerable - sårbar ashamed - skamfull

anger - sinne angry - sint irritated, annoyed - irritert aggressive - aggressiv frustrated - frustrert bitter - bitter hateful - hatsk enraged - rasende fuming - illsint hatred - hat cold - kald rebellious - opprørsk hostile - fiendtlig disinterested - uinteressert offended - fornærmet tense - anspent insensitive - ufølsom provoked - provosert indifferent - likegyldig alienated - fremmedgjort humiliated - ydmyket stressed - stresset despicable - avskyelig disgusting - motbydelig gross - ekkel suspicious - mistenksom

[ascolti-studies]

Hi! Hope this isnt a bother, kindly take your time to answer this. Does the meaning of '좋겠다' change with context? Could you explain? Thank you!!

Hi! I do think that 좋겠다 can mean slightly different things depending on the context. Alone, it means “it seems good” or “would be nice” or “must be nice” or even “I’m jealous,” something like that. For instance:

Person 1: 나 남자친구 있어. = I have a boyfriend.

Person 2: 좋겠다! = That must be nice! / That sounds great! / I envy you!

Often, you’ll here [verb / adjective stem] + 좋겠다, which means “I wish…” For example:

These sentences are from from Naver Dictionary: 

나는 키가 더 컸으면 좋겠다. = I wish I were taller. (literally “It would be nice if I were taller”)

나는 버스가 어서 빨리 오면 좋겠다. = I wish the bus would hurry up and come. / It’d be nice if the bus would hurry and come.

It could also be used when you want to say that you “better do something.” Simply attach -는 게 좋겠다 to a verb stem! Here’s another sentence from Naver: 

시간이 늦어지고 있어. 우리 떠나는 게 좋겠다. = It’s getting late -- we better get going.

Those are the main usages of 좋겠다 -- thanks for the great question! If you want to know some more about just -겠다 alone, check out my lesson about it below! Hope this helped!! 화이팅!

Level 5 / Lesson 4: -겠다 (Future Tense)

[ascolti-studies]

That’s a bit.. 아.. 애매하네

Learning a language can be difficult. There’s not always a direction translation of each word, and can sometimes be a bit ambiguous. One term that has always left me a little confused was 애매하다. You can hear it in just about any conversation: at work, in a game, about fruits, or even how someone’s feeling. So let’s try to define… ambiguity. 

애매하다 – Vague, Ambiguous, Iffy 

So it’s neither here or there, this or that. Personally it’s whenever I’d go.. ehhh..? Makes sense right? Let’s put it to use. 

A: “아보카도가 뭔지 설명해주세요”  A: “Describe an avocado please.”  B: “애매한데.. 과일 같기도 하고 야채 같기도 하고.. 뭔가.. 맛은 야채 스프에 제일 가까운가?  B: “Ehh, it’s sort of like a fruit and a vegetable.. It kind of.. it tastes closest to vegetable soup?” 

A: “야, 너 쟤 좋아하지, 사귈 거야?”  A: “You like him don’t you, are you gonna date him?”  B: “아니, 그게.. 좀.. 잘 모르겠어” B: “No, it’s.. I don’t know”  A: “애매하게 대답하지 말고”  A: “Stop answering vaguely” 

You can also hear it naturally in Talk to Me in Korean’s “IYAGI” Dessert Episode (~2:35 on Spotify or their website) 

A: “디저트랑 간식이 경계 뭔가요?”  A: “What’s the line between a dessert and a snack”  B: “디저트는 아무래도 밥을 먹고, 식사를 하고 약간 바로 먹어야 디저트 아닐까요?”  B: “For dessert you have to eat dinner. Isn’t dessert what you eat right after eating meal?”  A: “아, 그 시간의 경게가.. 애매하네요”  A: “Ah, the boundary is time, it’s a bit iffy.” 

Hopefully that clears it up a little bit. Though it may be a tough term to master, it will help you sound a lot more natural. If you have any questions or suggestions please feel free to comment or message me! I know I’ve been a bit quiet on all fronts lately, but I’m diving right back into it! Stay tuned, and make sure to follow as my schedule can be a bit.. erratic (sorry!! ㅠㅠ)

[ascolti-studies]

Vocabulary: Weather (날씨)

안녕! Hey everyone! In this vocab list, we’re going to learn some weather-related vocab! It’s always useful to know different weather conditions and temperatures when learning a new language, so let’s start!

Nouns

Clouds = 구름 ☁️

Earthquake = 지진

Fog = 안개 🌫

Hail = 우박

Humidity = 습도

Hurricane = 허리케인 🌀

Rain = 비 🌧

Puddle = 웅덩이

Slush = 진창이 된 눈

Snow = 눈 ❄️

Snowflake = 눈꽃 

Storm = 폭풍

Lightening = 🌩

Monsoon = 장마

Rainstorm = 폭풍우 🌧

Snowstorm = 눈보라 🌨

Thunder = 천둥

Thunderstorm = ⛈

Typhoon = 태풍

Temperature = 온도 🌡

Tornado = 토네이도 🌪

Sun = 해 ☀️

Sunlight = 햇빛

Wind = 바람 🌬

Verbs 

To hail = 우박이 떨어지다

Literally means “hail falls”

To rain = 비가 오다 ☔️

Literally means “rain comes”

To snow = 눈이 오다

Literally means “snow comes”

Adjectives

To be cloudy = 흐리다

Partly-cloudy = 부분 흐림 ⛅️

To be cold = 춥다 

To be chilly = 쌀쌀하다 

To be cool = 시원하다

To be foggy = 안개가 끼다 🌁

To be humid = 습하다

To be hot = 덥다

To be warm = 따스하다

To be sunny = 화창하다

To be windy = 바람이 많이 불다 

Literally means “a lot of wind blows.”

That’s about it for this list! 팔로워분이 사는 곳에서 날씨가 어때요? What’s the weather like where you guys live? Comment it! See you in the next lesson and happy Thanksgiving to all who celebrate it!! 안녕!

[ascolti-studies]

la letteratura – literature la biblioteca – library la casa editrice – publishing house l'editore (m.) – publishing house il giornale – newspaper la libreria – bookstore / bookcase il libro – book la recensione – review la rivista – magazine il testo – text

PERSONE / PEOPLE

l'autore – author (m.) l'autrice – author (f.) il bibliotecario / la bibliotecaria – librarian (m. and f.) il correttore di bozze – proofreader (m.) la correttrice di bozze – proofreader (f.) il critico letterario – literary critic l'editore – editor (m.) l'editrice – editor (f.) il / la giornalista – journalist il lettore – reader (m.) la lettrice – reader (f.) il libraio / la libraia – the bookseller (m. and f.) lo scrittore – writer (m.) la scrittrice – writer (f.)

GENERI LETTERARI / LITERARY GENRES

la prosa – prose

il romanzo – novel il romanzo d'avventura – adventure novel il romanzo di formazione – Bildungsroman il romanzo epistolare – epistolary novel il romanzo gotico – gothic novel il romanzo rosa – romance novel / chick lit il romanzo storico – historical novel la fantascienza – science fiction il fantasy – fantasy il giallo – crime novel il racconto breve – short story la storia – story il thriller – thriller

la saggistica – nonfiction la biografia – biography il saggio – essay il trattato – treatise

la poesia – poetry / poem

l'epica (f.) – epic la lirica – lyric poetry / poem la ballata – ballad l'elegia (f.) – elegy il sonetto – sonnet

PARTI DI UN LIBRO / DI UN TESTO / PARTS OF A BOOK / TEXT

la brossura – paperback il carattere / il font – font la copertina – cover la copertina cartonata – hardcover la costa – spine / back il frontespizio – title page l'impaginazione (f.) – layout l'inchiostro (m.) – ink l'indice (m.) – index la pagina – page il paragrafo – paragraph la quarta di copertina – back cover la rilegatura – binding

PERSONAGGI / CHARACTERS

l'antagonista (m./f.) – antagonist il cattivo / la cattiva – villain (m. and f.) l'eroe – hero l'eroina – heroin il/la protagonista – protagonist, main character (m./f.)

VERBI / VERBS

correggere – to proofread (also: to correct) distribuire – to distribute leggere – to read pubblicare – to publish scrivere – to write stampare – to print

[ascolti-studies]

안녕하세요 여러분 <3 I have made another compilation of the #wotd words from my Twitter! People seemed to really like the last one, so I’ve continued to do it! Enjoy :)

탑승하다 - to board (something) [Nov. 5]

승객들은 비행기에 탑승하고 있어요 - the passengers are boarding the plane

해변 - beach [Nov. 6]

내일 저는 남친과 함께 해변에 갈 거예요 - tomorrow, I’m going to the beach with my boyfriend (you can, again, replace boyfriend with: 가족 (family) / 친구들 (friends) / 여친 (girlfriend) if you want) 

한입 - one bite [Nov. 7]

한입 먹어봐 - take a bite

저는 너무 바빠서 자장면을 한입에 먹었어요 - I was so busy, I ate Jajangmyeon by the mouthful

유명하다 - to be famous [Nov. 8]

희주는 가수로 유명해요 - Hee-Ju is a famous singer

유명한 건가? - is it famous?

할인판매 중이다 - to be on sale [Nov. 9]

이게 필요없지만 할인판매 중이에요! - I don’t need this but it’s on sale!

할인판매 중이지 않아요 - it’s not on sale

얼음물 - ice water [Nov. 10]

얼음물 한잔 주세요 - please give me a cup of ice water

If you want to see the #wotd when I post it, feel free to follow my Twitter! I post a new word every single day! Happy Learning :)

~ SK101 

[ascolti-studies]

Level 4 / Lesson 3: Nominalization

안녕, 여러분! In a past lesson, we learned about using -는 것 to describe nouns with verbs. But another usage of -는 것 is to nominalize verbs, meaning to turn verbs into nouns. Let’s see how this is done!

-는 것

-는 것 can be used to not only describe nouns (if you replace 것 with another noun, such as with 가는 집 to mean “the house I’m going to”), but it can also simply turn a verb into its noun form. Just add -는 것 to a verb stem do this. For example:

먹는 것 = eating (the act of eating / the idea of eating / the fact that you [or any other subject] eats)

수영하는 것 = swimming (the act of swimming / the idea of swimming / that fact that you swim)

말하는 것 = talking (the act of speaking / the idea of speaking / the fact that you speak)

We can use this to make sentences such as the following:

수영하는 것 좋아해요. = I like to swim (I like the act of swimming)

책을 읽는 것 끝냈어요. = I finished reading the book (I finished the act of reading the book)

Make sense? Let’s move on to another way of nominalization.

-기

-기 is attached to verb stems to turn them into nouns. For example:

먹기 = eating 

수영하기 = swimming

말하기 = talking 

You will most often see this form in things like to-do lists. Sentences using the verb 싫다 (to dislike / to not want (to do)). For example:

수학 공부하기 싫어요. = I don’t like studying math / I don’t want to study math

학교에 가기 싫어요. = I don’t like going to school / I don’t want to go to school

청소를 하기 싫어요. = I don’t like cleaning / I don’t want to clean

You can also use this to describe actions that are hard or easy:

일찍 일어나기 쉬어요. = Waking up early is easy. 

한국어 배우기 어려워요. = Learning Korean is difficult.

-는 것 vs. -기 

The difference between -는 것 and -기 is actually pretty tricky to understand, but I’ll try my best to explain it.  I would say that the main difference is that -는 것 can have a meaning of “the fact that” or “the idea of,” while  -기  is just the plain noun version of the verb. For example, you could say this:

그가 저를 좋아하는 것 알아요. = I know that he likes me / I know the fact that he likes me

but this would sound unnatural:

그가 저를 좋아하기 알아요. (X)

This is because you’re talking about the fact that he likes you, if that makes sense. If you were to say the above sentence, you would not be saying that you are aware of a fact, but more that you know a noun (?)(if that makes any sense).

On the other hand, saying this would sound natural:

수용하기 어려워요. = Swimming is difficult.

but this would sound less natural:

수용하는 것 어려워요. (X)

In this case, you just want to talk about the action: swimming. Swimming is difficult. You wouldn’t really say “the fact of swimming is difficult,” if that makes sense. 

I’m honestly not sure why you could say a sentence like 수영하는 것 좋아해요, yet say 수학 공부하기 싫어요, but I think it just takes practice. Some things in Korean you just have to get used to with exposure to the language.

I hope that this lesson helped you learn about two ways of nominalization! These aren’t the only ways, but I’d say they’re the most common. I know the difference between them can be hard to understand, but please ask me any questions you may have and I’ll try my best to answer them! See you in the next lesson! 안녕!

[ascolti-studies]

Level 4 Lesson 5: -러 가다 / -러 오다

안녕! Hi! Welcome to our next Level 4 lesson! Here, we’re going to learn how to say things like “I came to speak to the teacher” or “I went to see my friend” using -러 오다 and -러 가다. 시작해볼까요? Shall we start?

-러 가다

Let’s start with -러 가다. This is used when you want to say that you went to a different location in order to do something. Look at this formula:

[verb stem] + 러 가다 = to go to [verb]

-러 is put on the end of a verb stem to mean “in order to”

Let’s look at some examples!

친구들을 만나러 가요. = I go to meet my friends.

만나다 = to meet

만나 + 러 가다 = 만나러 가다 = to go to meet

어머니에게 선물을 주러 갔어요. = I went to give a gift to my mother

에게 is a particle meaning “to, at, for, by (a person)” according to Naver Dictionary 

주다 = to give

주 + 러 가다 = 주러 가다 = to go to give

나중에 식료품을 사러 갈 거예요. = I will go buy groceries later.

식료품 = groceries

사다 = to buy

사 + 러 가다 = 사러 가다 = to go to buy

You’re not limited to just using the verb 가다 with this structure. You can also use compound verbs and make sentences like these:

쇼핑하러 나갔어요. = I went out to go shopping

나가다 = to go out

쇼핑하다 = to shop 

쇼핑하 + 러 나가다 = 쇼핑하러 나가다 = to go out to shop

형이 숙제를 ���내러 도서관에 돌아가요. = My brother is going back to the library to finish the homework.

돌아가다 = to return [to somewhere] / to go back

끝내다 = to finish

끝내 + 러 돌아가다 = 끝내러 돌아가다 = to return to finish [something]

Notice how you can insert a location between the verb you’re adding -러 가다 to and the last verb of the sentence. It could be literally translated as “in order to finish the homework, my brother went back to the library.” 

Hope this makes sense so far! Let’s move on to -러 오다!

-러 오다

-러 오다 is very similar to -러 가다, but instead it’s used to mean “to come to [verb]” Use this formula:

[verb stem] + 러 오다 = to come to [verb]

Let’s read some examples:

선생님한테 말하러 왔어요. = I came to speak to the teacher

한테 = particle meaning “to, at, for, by (a person)” according to Naver Dictionary

말하다 = to speak

말하 + 러 오다 = 말하러 오다 = to come to speak

화장품을 사러 와요. = I’m coming to buy cosmetics.

화장품 = cosmetics / makeup

사다 = to buy

사 + 러 오다 = 사러 오다 = to come to buy

학생들에게 피아노를 가르치러 학교에 올 거예요. = I will come to school to teach the students piano.

피아노 = piano

가르치다 = to teach

가르치 + 러 오다 = 가르치러 오다 = to come to teach

There are also plenty of compound verbs to use with -러 오다, such as the ones used in these sentences:

누나가 남자친구를 만나러 집에서 나왔어요. = My older sister came out of the house to meet her boyfriend. 

나오다 = to come out

만나다 = to meet

만나 + 러 나오다 = 만나러 나오다 = to come out to meet

잃어버린 지갑을 찾으러 가게로 돌아와요. = I’m coming back to the store to find my lost wallet.

돌아오다 = to return / to come back

찾다 = to find / to look for

찾 + 러  돌아오다 = 찾러  돌아오다 = to return to find / to come back to find

That’s about it for this lesson! If you have any questions, please ask them!! Hope this helped! 화이팅!

[ascolti-studies]

IRREGULAR CONJUGATIONS: ㅅ and ㄷ

(This is edited using my phone so sorry for the poor formatting ;-;)

ㅅ Irregular

If a verb/adjective stem ends in ㅅ, ㅅ gets removed if a vowel is to be added.

• 짓다 — 지 + 어 = 지어

나는 집을 지어.

I build a house.

If a consonant is to be added, retain ㅅ.

• 짓다 — 짓 + 는다 = 짓는다 (Plain form)

나는 집을 짓는다.

I build a house.

Some common words that do not use this rule are:

• 웃다 — 웃 + 어 = 웃어

저는 웃었어요.

I laughed.

• 벗다 — 벗 + 어 = 벗어

저는 저의 옷을 벗었어요.

I took my clothes off.

• 씻다 — 씻 + 어 = 씻어

저는 30초 동안 손을 씻어요.

I wash my hands for 30 seconds.

This rule doesn’t also apply if ㅅ is the fourth letter in a syllable.

• 없다 — 없 + 어

저는 많은 돈이 없어요.

I don’t have a lot of money.

ㄷ Irregular

ㄷ is changed to ㄹ if a vowel is to be added at the end.

• 걷다 — 거 + ㄹ + 어 = 걸어

저는 걸어요.

I walk.

If a consonant is to be added at the end, retain ㄷ.

• 걷다 — 걷 + 는다 = 걷는다 (Plain form)

나는 걷는다.

I walk.

• 걷다 — 걷 + 겠어 = 걷겠어

저는 나중에 걷겠어.

I will walk later.

Some common words that do not use this rule are:

• 걷다 — 걷 + 어 = 걷어

나는 옷을 걷어.

I tuck my clothes.

• 받다 — 받 + 아 = 받아

저는 오늘 선물을 받았어요.

I received a present today.

• 묻다 — 묻 + 어 = 묻어

저는 에제 저의 개를 묻었어요.

I buried my dog yesterday.

• 닫다 — 닫 + 아 = 닫아

저는 창문을 빨리 닫았어요.

I quickly closed the window.

[ascolti-studies]

위해 vs 도록

도록 is generally used so that something can be done. ~도록 하다 also has the meaning of “to tell/instruct”, lesser than a command but stronger than a suggestion, and so it has a more direct feeling.

앞으로 늦지 않도록 하세요 “Dont be late anymore” 나갈 때 불을 끄도록 해요 “Make sure to turn the lights off when you leave” 감기에 걸리지 않도록 조심하세요 “Be careful not to catch a cold”

위해 means more that it is “for something/in order to”.

여친을 위해 목걸이를 샀어요 "I bought a necklace for my girlfriend” 한국에 가기 위해 한국어를 공부하고 있어요. “I’m studying korean in order to go to korea”

[ascolti-studies]

Vocabulary: Autumn (가을)

안녕! Hi! It’s early September as of when I’m posting this, meaning that the fall season is rapidly approaching! Let’s learn some autumn-related Korean vocabulary!!

Nouns

Apple = 사과

Apple cider = 사과 사이다

Apple pie = 애플파이

Autumnal equinox = 추분

Blanket = 담요

Brown = 갈색

Candle = 양초

Candy = 사탕

Candy corn = 캔디 콘

Chocolate = 초콜릿

Cinnamon = 계피

Cookies = 쿠키

Costume = 분장

Chuseok = 추석

Chuseok is Korean Thanksgiving. This year, it will take place from September 12 to September 14. 

Decoration = 장식품

Family = 가족

Fireplace = 벽난로

Ghost = 귀신

Halloween = 할러윈

Horror movie = 공포영화

Fallen leaves = 낙엽

Lollipop = 막대사탕

Orange = 주황색

Party = 파티

Pine cone = 솔방울

Pumpkin = 호박

Jack-o-lantern = 호박초롱

Pumpkin pie = 호박 파이

Pumpkin spice latte = 펌킨 스파이스 라떼

Red = 빨간색

School = 학교

학교가 시작되다 = school starts

Skeleton = 뼈대

Spider = 거미

Sweater = 스웨터

Thanksgiving = 추수감사절

This word refers to American Thanksgiving

Trick-or-treat = 과자를 안 주면 장난칠 거예요

Literally translates to “if you don’t give me snacks, I’ll prank you” (or something along those lines lol)

Turkey = 칠면조

Vampire = 뱀파이어

Witch = 마녀

Yellow = 노란색

Zombie = 좀비

Verbs 

to bake = 굽다

to carve a pumpkin = 호박을 조각하다

to dress up = 변장을 하다

to pick apples = 사과를 따다

to trick-or-treat = trick or treat 놀이를 하다 

Adjectives

to be chilly = 쌀쌀하다

to be cool = 시원하다

to be scary / scared = 무섭다

to be thankful = 고마움을 느끼다

Literally means “to feel thanks”

to be warm = 따뜻하다

That’s about it for this list!! See you in the next lesson! 화이팅!

[ascolti-studies]

Intermediate Korean Grammar Recap

This is a summary of all the intermediate level Korean grammar points I learned this summer, as well as their respective posts (if there is one). I’ll try to make the others as soon as possible and add them as I go.

~(으)ㄹ 걸요: used when the speaker states an unconfirmed assumption or supposition about a future event or something he or she is not sure about.

~(으)ㄴ/는 반면에/~(으)ㄴ/는 데 반해: used to express the fact that two things are opposites (“on one hand…, on the other hand…”).

~는 바람에: used when the preceding clause descrives the cause or reason for the statement in the following clause (“due to…”).

~는 탓에: indicates that the preceding clause is the clause or reason why the negative event described in the following clause occured (“because of…”)

~고 해서: this expression means that the reason given in the preceding clause is just one if a number of reasons for the behavior described in the following clause (“due to … among other things”)

~다고 하던데: combination of ~는다고 하다 (citation) and 던데 (recollection), it is used when recalling or confirming something you heard somebody else say previously (“I heard that…”).

~(으)ㄹ까 하다 : this is used to indicate the speaker’s vague intention or rough plan that has yet to be finalized (“I’m thinking of doing…”).

~(으)려던 참이다: this expression is used to express the fact that not only had the speaker been intending to do the very thing the other person is suggesting, but that he or she was just about to do it at that very movement or intended to do so very soon (“I was just about to…”).

~(으)ㄹ 겸 ~(으)ㄹ 겸 (해서): this expression is used to indicste the speaker’s intention to do at least two actions or behaviors (“… as well as…”).

~지 그래요?: this expression is used to suggest that someone do somsthing, but is a much weaker and softer expression than ~도록 하다 (“Why not… ?”)

~더라고요: this expression is used to express the speaker’s recollection of something that he or she previously directly saw, heard or felt.

~아/어지다: this expression is used when the subject���s action or behavior occurs either because of an action performed by someone else or because of some other indirect action performed by some person or some thing (“He is closing the door” -> “The door was closed”).

~게 하다: this expression is used to indicate that the subject makes someone else do some behavior (“I am angry” -> “He made me angry”).

~아/어야: in this expression, the preceding clause states the condition(s) necessary to realize the situation stated in the following clause (“In order to…, you have to…”).

~거든: this expression has a meaning of “if the statement (in the preceding clause) is actually true, then…”.

~(으)ㄴ/는 데다가 or (으)ㄴ/는 데다: this expression indicated that the action or state in the following clause occurs in addition to that stated in the preceding clause (“On top of…”).

~조차: this expression is used to express “not only others but also the most primary one” and refers generally to extreme situations that the speaker did not expect or could not anticipate. (Ex: I don’t even know his name -> 그 사람 이름조차 몰라요).

~만 해도: this expression is used when providing examples to explain a situstion or statement made previously (“even just…”)

~만 하다: used with nouns denoting a size, number or amount, this expression indicates that the noun under discussion is approximately the same in size, amount or degree as the noun (“as … as” “… is worth …”).

~아무 + (이)나/아무 + 도: the word 아무 is used to express the not choosing of any specific thing in the sense of “any” (eg. anything, anyone).

~(이)나: this expression is used to indicate that although something is not really one’s first choice, it is fine as the second best option (“… or something”).

~(이)라도: this expression is used to indicate the speaker’s choosing of something that will suffice even though it is not the best option among the available choices (“at least” “even”).

~든지 ~든지: this expression is used when expression that any of the stated choices are fine (“whether it’s … or …”).

~만에: this expression is used to indicate that somthing occured a certain amount of time after a previous event occured (“in (the span of)”).

~아/어 가지고: this expression indicated the doing of the action in the following clause based on the result of completing the action in the preceding clause (“because of…”). It also expresses the speaker’s reason for a certain action or state of affairs.

~아/어다가: this expression indicates that the action in the following clause is done based on the result of first completing the action in the preceding clause (“do… then (based on that action) do…”).

~고서: this expression is used to indicate that the first action completed before the subsequent action stated (‘I did… and then…“).

~고 보니(까): this expression is used to indicate that the speaker learned something new, discovered some new piece of information, or found out something was contrary to what was previously thought after some action or even occured (“Seeing… I realized that…”).

~다(가) 보니(까): this expression is used to indicate that the speaker learned something new after doing some action or behavior continuously from some time in the past, or that a certain situation has occured as a result of that behavior (“After doing… (continuously), I realized that…”).

~다(가) 보면: this expression indicates that if the action or behavior in the previous clause continues, then the result in the following clause will occur (“If you keep…”).

~더니: this expression is used when the speaker wants to refer to something directly seen or experimented in the past when describing how that thing has subsequently changed. (“This was… but now it is…”).

~았/었더니: this expression is used to indicate that something happened as a result of something the speaker did or said previously (“Because I… [something happened]”).

~다가는: this expression is used to express the speaker’s view that if the action in the preceding clause continues, then an adverse result or state of affairs will occur in the future (“If you keep… [negative result] will occur”).

~(으)ㄴ/는 셈이다: this expression is used when the speaker, after considering a number of possible situations, concludes that something could be considered more or less the same as the topic or subject that has been mentioned (“It’s almost as though…”).

~아/어 놓다 or ~아/어 두다: these expressions are interchangeable and used to indicate either the continuation of a state after doing an action or the maintaining of a previous state of being.

~답다: it is attached to nouns and used to indicate that something has the qualities or characteristics of the noun (“…-like”).

~(이)야말로: this expression is used to strongly emphasize the meaning of the preceding noun, especially as a prime exemple among a number of other possible choices.

~고 말다: this expression refers to an unplanned event or action that continued until it was completed or thoroughly finished in a way undesired by the speaker (“[something] ended up…”).

~나 마나: this expression is used when doing the preceding action is of no value of use (“It’s of no use…”).

~아/어 봤자: this expression is used to indicate that there’s no use even trying what is stated in the preceding clause or that doing so would not live up to expectations (“It doesn’t matter if you…”).

[ascolti-studies]

🦋🌱 Confusing Grammar Part 1 - ~ㄹ까요

If you want to get straight to the grammar of this post, please skip this part

Maybe it's just me or many other Korean learners too. But although I learn grammar rules fast with each new grammar rule I learn, I somehow don't manage to get certain grammar points into my head. No matter how often I repeat those specific lessons, I can never not confuse or forget those structures and their usages.

So, I have decided to dedicate an entire series to Grammar That I (any maybe some other Korean students) Find Confusing!

If you have any grammar point request, please let me know~

Now on with the actual post

#1 Doubts; Asking Yourself

when you are talking/wondering to yourself about something

민성이 괜찮을 걸까요?

유리가 뭐 말할 걸까요?

내가 이거 진짜 해야 할까?

#2 Raising Issues; Attracting Attention

when you are asking someone about something

그게 봤을까??

버스 아니면 기차 탈까요? 어느 게 더 빨를까요?

아직 먹었을까냐?

#3 Suggestions for (further) Actions

when you are proposing activities to your partner

영화관에 갈까?

나랑 밥 먹고 싶을까요?

[ascolti-studies]

Korean Directions

길 street/road 골목 alley 정류장 bus stop 육교 pedestrian overpass 지하도 underpass 횡단보도 crosswalk 삼거리 three-way intersection 사거리 four-way intersection 직진 straight 왼쪽 left 오른쪽 right 건너다 to cross 나가다 to go out 나오다 to come out 들어가다 to go inside 들어오다 to come inside 올라가다 to go up 내려가다 to go down 북 north 북동 north east 동 east 남동 south east 남 south 남서 south west 서 west 복서 north west

사거리에서 왼쪽으로 가세요 - at the intersection go left 이 길을 내려가세요 - go down this street 병원 쪽으로 가주세요 - please go to the hospital 이 학교 동쪽에는 편의점가 있어요 - theres a convenience store east of this school

[ascolti-studies]

The future and the conditional have, in some cases, similar uses. However, they are two different verbs. Let’s see how they are used:

✏️ To talk about projects, you use the futuro semplice: – Quest’estate andremo al mare! – Questa sera mangerò poco, ho mangiato tanto a pranzo.

✏️ To make predictions we use the futuro semplice:  – Monica diventerà un’ubriacona. – Secondo me, Giuseppe andrà in prigione. 

✏️ To hypothesize on the present one uses the futuro simple or futuro composto:     – Angelica sarà già andata via. – E’ tardi? Saranno le sei e mezza, credo.

✏️ To make promises we use the futuro semplice: – Non ti offenderò più, giuro! – Mi impegnerò al massimo. 

✏️ In the when an hypothesis is almost certain if not 100%, we use the futuro semplice:  – Se non ti copri bene, avrai freddo. – Se partirai, non ci potremo più vedere. 

✏️ To express a feasible desire we use the condizionale semplice: – Mangerei ancora un po’ di torta. – Prenderei volentieri un altro gelato. 

✏️ When there are two actions in the future and one happens after the other happens, the futuro semplice + futuro composto: – Quando avrò smesso di fumare, starò molto meglio. – Appena ci saremo trasferiti, faremo una festa! 

✏️ To ask kindly use the condizionale semplice: – Mi presteresti una penna? – Le telefoneresti per avvisarla? 

✏️ To express an opinion, a hypothesis or a news use the  condizionale semplice or the condizionale composto: – Questo libro è antico, dovrebbe costare tanto. – Secondo la tv oggi Berlusconi sarebbe andato in Parlamento. 

✏️ To give feasible advice, use the condizionale semplice: – Dovresti uscire con Marco, sembra proprio un bravo ragazzo. – Dovresti dimagrire! 

✏️ To express an unrealized or unrealizable desire, use the condizionale semplice: – Avrei preso un taxi, ma non avevo abbastanza soldi. – Avresti incontrato Lucia, ma hai perso tempo. 

✏️ To express a future action in relation to  another past action we use the condizionale composto: – Ha detto che avrebbe cucinato lei. – Ha visto che sarebbe uscita più tardi. 

✏️  To give advice that is no longer feasible, use the condizionale composto: – Saresti dovuto dimagrire! – Avresti dovuto vedere lo spettacolo!

Feel free to ask if you have any doubt!