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15th century Italian manuscript detail of Gothic initial and lower border. (x)

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a world without trans people has never existed and never will

prints

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Fragment ( France ), gold and silk embroidery, 14th century.

Photo - Arte del Tessere

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L’Epistre d’Othea, 15th century 

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Medieval combs (click to enlarge)

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Fifteenth century tarot cards, possibly the oldest known deck. Look how beautiful they are! These are from way back before they were used for cartomancy.

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Lamentation over the Dead Christ with Saints (detail, c. 1490) Sandro Botticelli

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“Medieval images of the body have less to do with sexuality than with fertility and decay. Control, discipline, even torture of flesh is, in medieval devotion, not so much the rejection of physicality as the elevation of it—a horrible yet delicious elevation—into a means of access to the divine.”

— Caroline Walker Bynum, ‘The Female Body and Religious Practice in the Late Middle Ages.’

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A collection of Black Books of Hours

Black Hours, ca. 1475 (Morgan Library, New York)

Horae beatae marie secundum usum curie romane, ca. 1458 (Hispanic Society of America)

Black Hours of Galeazzo Maria Sforza, ca. 1466-1476 (Austrian National Library)

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Winchester cathedral medieval tiles

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St Michael by Carlo Crivelli, 1472

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noblewomen's headwear

in 15th c. manuscript illustrations, mostly french and dutch

sources: Paris, BnF, Français 2693, fol. 64v // Cologny, Fondation Martin Bodmer, Cod. Bodmer 53, fol. 3r // Paris, BnF, Ms-5070 réserve, fol. 120r, 260v, and 387r // Basel, Universitätsbibl., O I 18, fol. 50v // Vienna, ÖNB, Cod. 1857, fol. 51r // Paris, BnF, Français 77, fol. 242v // Cologny, Fondation Martin Bodmer, Cod. Bodmer 49, fol. 91r

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Female saints by Francisco de Zurbarán:

Saint Casilda, ca. 1630-45 // Saint Ursula, ca. 1635-40 // Saint Elizabeth of Portugal, ca. 1630-35 // Saint Dorotea, ca. 1648

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samson and the foxes // samson and delilah // samson destroying the philistine temple

illustrations from rüdiger schopf's copy of nicholas of lyra's postilla super totam bibliam, freiburg im breisgau, c. 1401

source: Basel, Universitätsbibliothek, A II 3, fol. 70v, 73r, and 74v

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The thing they don't tell you about getting really into one specific historical period is that very quickly every conversation turns into an attempt to avoid sounding like the "horribly wet in wexford today but not as bad as in the 690s" tweet

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Posted by Steven Payne to Facebook group British Medieval History:

People in the Middle Ages valued sweet smelling breath and bodies, seeing them as desirable, so there is a great deal of evidence from the period of tooth pastes, powders and deodorants. Contrary to the typical Hollywood depiction of medieval peasants with blackened and rotting teeth, the average person had teeth which were in fairly good condition, mainly due to the rarity of sugar in the diet. Most medieval people could not afford sugar and those who could used it sparingly. Archaeological data shows that only 20% of teeth had signs of decay, as opposed to 90% in the early twentieth century. The main dental problem for medieval people was not decay but wear, due to a high content of grit in the main staple, bread. For deodorants, soap was available for the wealthy, but a variety of herbs and other preparations were also used. Soapwort is a plant native to Europe and Asia which, when soaked in water, produces an effective liquid soap. Mint, cloves and thyme were also extensively used by simply rubbing into the skin, and alum (hydrated potassium aluminium sulphate) was an effective deodorant. I am trying to keep to 14th century technology on my pilgrimage to Canterbury, which gives me various options when looking at hygiene. In the middle ages people generally cleaned their teeth by rubbing them and their gums with a rough linen cloth, or the chewed end of a stick. There are various recipes for pastes and powders that could be put on the cloth to help clean the teeth, but I have chosen simple salt to whiten them and to aid fresh breath. I will also be using the stick method, and will be taking along a supply of liquorice root sticks for that purpose. I also have a few blocks of alum, which when rubbed into wet skin has a deodorising effect. Alum, like beeswax, was used extensively in the middle ages for a variety of purposes, also being useful: * in the purification of drinking water as a flocculant * as a styptic to stop bleeding from minor cuts * as a pickling agent to help keep pickles crisp * as a flame retardant * as an ingredient in modelling clay * as an ingredient in cosmetics and skin whiteners * as an ingredient in some brands of toothpaste The photograph shows my wash kit including home made olive oil soap, salt for the teeth, a block of deodorising alum, cloves, a boxwood comb made for me by Peter Crossman of Crossman Crafts and some liquorice root sticks, all on a woollen ‘towel’. Note that the cloves are kept in a ventilated box….this is because insects hate the smell of cloves and so a perforated box will keep them out of my kit and food bag when I am sleeping rough. TIP: If you steep some cloves to obtain the oil and put the liquid around the doors and windows of your house, it keeps spiders and insects out.

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The Venus-like Frau Minne (personification of love/courtly love), torturing the hearts of her beloved in nineteen different ways, in a print by Master Casper von Regensburg, made around 1485.

- Medieval Bodies by Jack Hartnell