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UV sensor

A UV sensor is a sensor that can measure and monitor UV radiation with a wavelength range of 185 manometers to 400 manometers. It has a wide range of applications in scientific research, environmental monitoring, medical diagnosis, and other fields. The following is a detailed introduction to the three main types of UV sensors:

Photo tube UV sensor

Working principle: A photo tube is a traditional UV sensor that detects incident UV light through a photo resistor and converts the optical signal into an electrical signal.

Features: It has the characteristics of high sensitivity and fast response, but has the disadvantages of low linearity and short service life.

Photo diode UV sensor

Working principle: The photo diode UV sensor uses a photo diode as a sensor element, and uses its photoelectric effect to convert the incident UV energy into a current signal, which is processed and measured by an amplification circuit.

Advantages: It has the advantages of high sensitivity and a wide wavelength response range, and is suitable for a variety of UV detection scenarios.

Photo resistor UV sensor

Working principle: A photo resistor is a sensor element based on semiconductor materials, and its resistance value changes with the intensity of the incident light. The radiation intensity of UV rays in the environment is indirectly detected by measuring the resistance value of the photo resistor.

Advantages: simple, low cost, compact structure, widely used in household appliances and other fields.

In addition to the three common UV sensors mentioned above, there are some special-purpose UV sensors, such as nonresistance ray meters, UV imaging sensors, etc., which play an important role in specific fields.

In short, UV sensors are gradually gaining widespread attention and use due to their important role in many fields. With the advancement of technology and the increase in demand, the structure and performance of UV sensors are also constantly improving and innovating, which will provide more accurate and reliable UV monitoring and control for our lives and work in the future.

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Application fields of vibration sensors

Industrial field

In the industrial field, vibration sensors are used to monitor the operating status of mechanical equipment, predict equipment failures, and improve production efficiency. For example, in rotating machinery (such as motors, compressors, etc.), by monitoring the speed or acceleration of vibration, it is possible to determine whether the bearing is worn or the rotor is unbalanced.

Construction field

In the construction field, vibration sensors are used to monitor the vibration response of the structure, evaluate the health of the structure, and ensure the safety of the building. By monitoring the vibration caused by natural factors such as earthquakes and wind loads, the natural frequency, damping ratio and other parameters of the structure can be analyzed to provide a basis for the seismic and wind-resistant design of the structure.

Transportation field

In the transportation field, vibration sensors are used to detect damage to roads and bridges. When a vehicle passes by, the speed and acceleration of the vibration will change. By measuring these changes, it can be determined whether the road or bridge has cracks, unevenness and other problems. In addition, vibration sensors can also be used to detect the operating status of transportation vehicles (such as subways, trains, etc.) to ensure traffic safety.

Precautions

When using vibration sensors, the following points should be noted:

Installation method: The installation method of the sensor should be reasonable to ensure full perception of the vibration of the object.

Environmental factors: The performance of the sensor may be affected by factors such as ambient temperature and humidity. The sensor type suitable for the specific environment should be selected.

Signal processing: The signal output by the sensor may require further processing and analysis to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data.

In short, vibration sensors, as an important measurement tool, play an important role in many fields. By monitoring the vibration state of an object, information such as the operating status and health status of the object can be obtained, providing data support for engineers and scientists.

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The role of temperature and humidity monitoring in agriculture

Temperature and humidity monitoring plays a vital role in agriculture, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

Real-time data monitoring and decision support

The temperature and humidity monitoring system collects temperature and humidity data in the soil in real time through high-precision sensors, and transmits these data to the central processing platform for analysis. These real-time data provide important decision-making support for farm managers, enabling them to understand the health of the soil in a timely manner and take corresponding management measures based on the data.

Improve work efficiency

By monitoring the temperature and humidity data of the soil in real time, farm managers can more accurately grasp the health of the soil and take timely measures to adjust it. For example, when the humidity of the soil is too high, managers can water it in time to ensure the normal growth of crops; when the temperature of the soil is too high, managers can take timely measures to cool it down to ensure the safety of crops.

Precise irrigation management

The soil temperature and humidity monitoring system can provide precise irrigation suggestions based on soil moisture data. For example, when the soil moisture is lower than the set value, the system will recommend turning on the irrigation system and providing the appropriate amount of water. This precise irrigation management can avoid excessive or insufficient irrigation and improve the efficiency of water resource utilization.

Fertilization optimization

Soil temperature and humidity information can help optimize fertilization plans. Fertilizers are most effective under suitable temperature and humidity conditions. The system can recommend fertilization time and fertilizer type based on soil moisture and temperature changes to improve fertilizer absorption and utilization efficiency.

Crop variety selection

By analyzing soil temperature and humidity conditions, the system can recommend suitable crop varieties. For example, under drought or high temperature conditions, the system can recommend drought-resistant or high-temperature-resistant crop varieties to improve crop adaptability and yield.

Pest and disease warning

Soil temperature and humidity data combined with meteorological data can predict the occurrence of pests and diseases. For example, excessive humidity may cause fungal diseases, while abnormal temperature may cause pests to breed. The system can provide pest and disease warnings to help farmers take timely prevention and control measures.

Growth monitoring and adjustment

Real-time monitoring of soil environmental conditions can help track crop growth. If it is found that temperature and humidity conditions are not conducive to crop growth, the system can recommend adjustments to planting strategies or management measures, such as adjusting irrigation frequency, changing fertilizer ratios, etc.

Promoting the development of intelligent agriculture

The application of soil temperature and humidity monitoring systems has promoted the development of intelligent agriculture. By integrating technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, and artificial intelligence, the system can achieve comprehensive monitoring and intelligent analysis of the farmland environment, providing farmers with more convenient and efficient farmland management solutions.

In summary, temperature and humidity monitoring plays a multi-faceted role in agriculture, from improving work efficiency to precise irrigation management, to promoting the development of intelligent agriculture, showing its irreplaceable value.

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Ammonia Hazards on Breeding Farms

Ammonia gas is a poisonous substance for living organisms. Especially the brain tissue of higher animals is extremely sensitive to ammonia, and the concentration of ammonia in the blood reaches 1%, which can cause central nervous system poisoning. Ammonia is harmful to the organism, mainly irritating the mucous membranes of eyes and respiratory system, increasing the susceptibility to respiratory diseases, and affecting the feed intake, food conversion efficiency and growth rate.

1. Induce Respiratory Diseases

Ammonia is a kind of alkaline substance, which has a strong corrosive and irritating effect on the mucous membranes of skin tissues in contact with it. Ammonia's solubility is very high, very easy to dissolve in water, it absorbs the water on the surface of the skin tissue, makes the tissue protein denaturation and saponification of the tissue fat, destroying the cell membrane structure. Ammonia in the chicken house mainly has a corrosive and irritating effect on the upper respiratory tract of animals. High concentrations of ammonia can stimulate the upper respiratory tract tender epithelial tissue, so that the pharynx and trachea epithelial tissue cells edema, degeneration, or even necrosis, accompanied by the loss of cilia, mucus secretion of cells increased, respiratory dysfunction and a series of pathological changes.

2. Induce Broiler Ascites Syndrome

The current unified view is that broiler ascites is caused by chronic hypoxia. Excessive concentration of ammonia in the environment will stimulate the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, making it congested, edematous and increasing secretions. After it is inhaled into the lungs, it can freely pass through the alveolar epithelium into the bloodstream, increasing the blood ammonia concentration. Ammonia combines with hemoglobin to reduce the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin, leading to oxygen deficiency, which will also cause broiler ascites syndrome.

3. Inducing Eye Diseases

Ammonia dissolves in eye secretions and produces ammonium hydroxide, which induces keratoconjunctivitis, adhesion of the eyelids and clouding of the cornea. When the concentration of ammonia gas is persistently higher than 100 ppm, it will trigger corneal ulcers and blindness. Tear spots are common, and the formation of tear spots firstly affects the growth rate of pigs, and secondly causes a decline in the immunity of pigs, which is a sign of infection with infectious diseases.

4. Affecting the Chicken's production performance

When the concentration of ammonia in the chicken house is too high, the chickens are characterized by lack of spirit, reduced activity, reduced feed intake, growth rate and egg production rate are significantly reduced. Ammonia in the coop comes from the nitrogenous organic matter in the excreta, and a large amount of protein in the ration cannot be fully utilized by the body, resulting in a reduction in the feed conversion rate of chickens. Studies have shown that when the ammonia concentration reaches 50-75ppm, the feed intake and feed conversion rate of chickens can be reduced.

5. Affecting the Immune Effects of Vaccines

Many of the vaccines that are immunized by eye-dotting, nose-dropping and spraying are first invaded into the respiratory epithelial cells, then replicated and proliferated in them, stimulating the body to produce a series of immune responses. The ammonia concentration in the chicken house is too high, the ammonia will damage the respiratory epithelial cells, so that the vaccine is difficult to give full play to its role, which in turn causes the immunization effect of the chickens to reduce or no immunization effect.

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Formation and Hazards of PM2.5

Air pollution is one of the significant environmental issues that has been affecting the world, with a significant focus on particulate matter (PM). PM2.5 and PM10 are among the most critical pollutants, and understanding their formation and hazards is essential. Particulate matter refers to tiny solid or liquid particles suspended in the air, many of which are hazardous. These particles vary in size, composition, and origins. PM is generally categorized into two types: PM10 and PM2.5, based on particle diameter. PM10, often referred to as coarse particles, has a diameter of less than or equal to 10 micrometers. On the other hand, PM2.5, also known as fine particles, has a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or smaller. To put things into perspective, PM2.5 particles are about 30 times smaller than the average human hair's width. PM2.5 is primarily formed by chemical reactions in the atmosphere involving pollutants like sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), emitted from power plants, industries, and automobiles. Other sources of PM2.5 include forest fires, residential wood burning, and volcanic eruptions. PM2.5 can pose severe health risks due to their small size, which allows them to bypass the body's natural defenses and penetrate deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream. Chronic exposure to high levels of PM2.5 can lead to several health issues, including: 1. Respiratory Problems: PM2.5 can cause or exacerbate respiratory diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, and other chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). 2. Cardiovascular Issues: Long-term exposure to PM2.5 can lead to cardiovascular problems like heart attacks, strokes, and even premature death in people with heart or lung disease. 3. Allergic Reactions: PM2.5 particles can trigger allergic reactions and irritations in the eyes, nose, and throat. 4. Impaired Lung Development: In children, prolonged exposure to PM2.5 can lead to impaired lung development and reduced lung function. PM2.5 doesn't just affect human health; it also has detrimental effects on the environment. These include: 1. Visibility Impairment: High concentrations of PM2.5 can reduce visibility, leading to hazardous driving conditions and affecting the aesthetics of landscapes. 2. Acid Rain: The chemical reactions that form PM2.5 can also lead to the production of acidic particles, contributing to the phenomenon known as acid rain. Acid rain can harm forests, acidify water bodies, and damage buildings and monuments. 3. Climate Change: Some components of PM2.5 can affect the planet's climate. Black carbon, a significant component of PM2.5, can absorb sunlight and contribute to global warming. Reducing the levels of PM2.5 requires concerted efforts at individual, community, and governmental levels. Some measures include: 1. Regulatory Standards: Governments should set and enforce stringent air quality standards to regulate the emissions of PM2.5 and its precursor gases. 2. Clean Energy Transition: Shifting from fossil fuels to renewable sources of energy can significantly reduce the emissions contributing to PM2.5 formation. 3. Public Awareness: Raising public awareness about the health and environmental hazards of PM2.5 can encourage individual actions to reduce personal exposure and emissions. 4. Technological Innovations: Development and adoption of technologies that reduce or capture PM2.5 emissions can be instrumental in combating this issue. The formation and hazards of PM2.5 present a significant global challenge. Given its severe impacts on human health and the environment, comprehensive strategies are needed to control the sources of PM2.5 and mitigate its effects. From adopting clean energy sources and implementing regulatory standards to increasing public awareness and fostering technological innovations, every effort counts in the battle against PM2.5.

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IoT Sensors in Modern Society

In the modern, digital world, the Internet of Things (IoT) technology has become a key player in shaping the future. IoT technology refers to a network of interconnected devices that communicate and exchange data via the internet. One of the critical components of IoT technology is the IoT sensor, which collects data from the environment and sends it to the IoT devices for processing. IoT sensors are the devices that detect and respond to changes in the physical environment. They can measure a wide variety of data, such as temperature, light, pressure, humidity, proximity, and motion. The sensors collect this data and send it to an IoT device or platform, which processes the information and uses it to perform a specific function. The working of IoT sensors revolves around three main steps: data collection, data processing, and action. The sensors collect data from the environment, such as temperature, pressure, or light. This data is then sent to an IoT platform that processes the information and determines the appropriate response. This response could be anything from sending a notification to turning on an air conditioner. IoT sensors play a pivotal role in modern society and have found extensive application in various sectors, such as healthcare, agriculture, home automation, and transportation. 1. Healthcare: IoT sensors are used in wearable devices to monitor the health and wellness of individuals. They can track vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature, allowing for early detection of potential health issues. 2. Agriculture: IoT sensors can monitor soil moisture levels, weather conditions, and crop health, enabling farmers to optimize their crop yield and reduce waste. 3. Home Automation: IoT sensors are extensively used in smart home systems. They can detect when you enter or leave a room and adjust the lighting, heating, and cooling systems accordingly. 4. Transportation: In the transportation sector, IoT sensors are used in vehicles to detect and report issues, enhancing the safety and efficiency of the transport system. While IoT sensors offer tremendous benefits, their implementation comes with a fair share of challenges. 1. Security and Privacy: With the increasing use of IoT sensors, concerns have been raised about data privacy and security. The sensors collect a huge amount of data, some of which can be sensitive, raising the need for robust security measures. 2. Integration and Compatibility: Integrating IoT sensors with existing systems can be a complex process. Moreover, ensuring compatibility between different IoT devices and sensors can also pose a challenge. 3. Cost: The cost of implementing IoT sensors, especially on a large scale, can be prohibitive for some businesses. Despite the challenges, the future of IoT sensors looks promising. With advancements in technology, we can expect more accurate and efficient sensors, capable of collecting and processing more complex data. Furthermore, the increasing adoption of IoT technology across various sectors will likely drive the demand for IoT sensors. IoT sensors are a crucial component of IoT technology, playing a pivotal role in modern society. They have found extensive application in various sectors, improving efficiency and productivity. However, with their increasing use, concerns about data security, integration, and cost have also arisen. Despite these challenges, the future of IoT sensors looks promising, with advancements in technology likely to drive their demand even further.

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The Role of IoT Technology in Environmental Monitoring

The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized various sectors, including the environmental sector. IoT technology plays a pivotal role in enhancing the efficiency, reliability, and accuracy of Environmental Monitoring Systems (EMS). This article is an in-depth exploration of IoT technology's application to EMS, focusing on the integration of IoT with weather stations as part of the broader environmental surveillance system. IoT refers to a network of physical objects or "things" embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies to connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the internet. These devices range from ordinary household items to sophisticated industrial tools. With over 25 billion connected things as of 2020, the IoT is a critical piece of the "fourth industrial revolution." Environmental Monitoring Systems play a crucial role in assessing and preserving the quality of our environment, offering vital data about water, air, soil, and noise pollution. Here is how IoT technology significantly enhances these systems: 1. Real-time Monitoring: IoT devices enable real-time monitoring of environmental parameters, offering immediate access to data and rapid response to environmental changes. 2. Predictive Analysis: Using IoT for EMS allows for predictive analysis, enabling proactive responses to potential environmental changes or threats. 3. Improved Accuracy: IoT devices minimize human intervention, resulting in less human error and improved data accuracy. 4. Cost-Effective: IoT applications in EMS are cost-effective, reducing the need for human resources and physical infrastructure. IoT and Weather Station Integration Weather stations are vital components of Environmental Monitoring Systems. They collect data related to weather and atmospheric conditions. IoT technology can significantly enhance the functionality and efficiency of these stations. 1. Real-Time Weather Data: IoT-enabled weather stations can provide real-time data on temperature, humidity, barometric pressure, rainfall, wind speed, and direction. 2. Remote Access: IoT technology allows for remote access and control of weather stations. This feature is particularly beneficial for stations located in hard-to-reach areas. 3. Enhanced Predictive Models: IoT can improve the accuracy of weather forecasts by providing more granular and real-time data. 4. Automated Alerts: IoT weather stations can send automated alerts to relevant parties when certain thresholds are exceeded, allowing for a quick response to severe weather conditions. Despite the numerous benefits of applying IoT to the Environmental Monitoring Systems, several challenges exist: 1. Data Security: With the exchange of massive data volumes, IoT devices are potentially vulnerable to cyber-attacks. 2. Integration Challenges: Integrating IoT technology with existing EMS infrastructure can be a complex process. 3. High Initial Costs: The initial setup cost for IoT systems can be high, which may discourage smaller organizations.

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Importance of Flood Monitoring Systems

As global climate change continues to escalate, natural disasters such as floods have become increasingly common, wreaking havoc on communities worldwide. Thus, it is more important than ever to develop robust, reliable, and efficient flood monitoring systems.

Flood monitoring systems play an essential role in predicting and managing floods, mitigating their destructive impact, and safeguarding people and infrastructure. These technologies use a combination of sensors, data analysis, and communication networks to provide real-time information about water levels, rainfall, soil saturation, and other critical parameters. This information can then be used to issue early warnings, facilitate effective emergency response, and guide flood management strategies. The importance of flood monitoring systems cannot be overstated. Here are some key reasons: 1. Early Warning: Flood monitoring systems provide timely alerts about potential floods, enabling people to evacuate before the flood hits, saving lives, and minimizing property damage. 2. Infrastructure Protection: These systems also play a crucial role in protecting infrastructure, including roads, bridges, buildings, and power plants, which could be severely damaged by floods. 3. Economic Benefits: By minimizing the damage caused by floods, flood monitoring systems can also contribute to significant economic savings. 4. Environmental Management: Flood monitoring can also assist in managing environmental impact, such as soil erosion and water pollution, which often accompany severe flooding.

The Role of IoT Sensors in Flood Monitoring Systems The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized many fields, including flood management. IoT sensors are small, intelligent devices that collect and transmit data about their surroundings. In the context of a flood monitoring system, these sensors can be used to measure parameters like water levels, rainfall intensity, soil moisture, and temperature. IoT sensors are crucial to the functioning of flood monitoring systems for several reasons: 1. Real-Time Data: IoT sensors can transmit real-time data, enabling immediate action and response during flood situations. 2. Precision: The advanced technology in IoT sensors allows for precise measurements, ensuring accurate predictions and analysis. 3. Scalability: IoT sensors can be easily deployed on a large scale, providing extensive coverage and enhanced monitoring capabilities. 4. Cost-Effective: The sensors are generally inexpensive and energy-efficient, making them a cost-effective solution for flood monitoring. The Application of IoT Sensors in Flood Monitoring Systems There are several ways in which IoT sensors can be used in flood monitoring systems: 1. Water Level Monitoring: IoT sensors can be installed in rivers, lakes, and other water bodies to monitor water levels continuously. When the water level rises beyond a certain point, the sensors can trigger an alarm, signaling the potential onset of a flood. 2. Rainfall Monitoring: IoT sensors can also measure rainfall intensity, which is a critical factor in predicting floods. 3. Soil Moisture Monitoring: By measuring soil moisture levels, IoT sensors can help determine the likelihood of floods, especially in areas prone to landslides and flash floods. 4. Temperature Monitoring: Temperature data can be used to predict the melting of snow and ice, which can contribute to floods. Flood monitoring systems are an invaluable tool in our fight against the devastating impacts of floods. The incorporation of IoT sensors into these systems has further enhanced their capabilities, providing real-time, accurate data to facilitate effective flood management. Investing in advanced flood monitoring systems is not just a matter of public safety but also economic prudence. The cost of implementing these systems is far outweighed by the potential savings from averted flood damage. Moreover, these systems can also play a significant role in protecting our environment, making them a critical component of sustainable development efforts. With ongoing advancements in technology, the future of flood monitoring systems looks promising. By leveraging innovative technologies like IoT, artificial intelligence, and big data, we can develop even more robust and effective flood monitoring systems, helping us better prepare for and manage the ever-present threat of floods.

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A Guide to Proper Installation and Common Mistakes in Weather Stations

Weather stations play a vital role in predicting weather patterns and providing essential meteorological data. However, their accuracy and reliability largely depend on a crucial factor, the installation process. Incorrect Installation Method of these devices can lead to misleading data and compromise their overall effectiveness. This article delves into the nuances of weather station installation, highlighting the correct installation process, common mistakes, and how to avoid them. A weather station is a device that collects data related to the atmospheric conditions of its surrounding environment. This information includes temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind speed, wind direction, and barometric pressure. Weather stations are commonly used in meteorology, climatology, agriculture, and even by weather enthusiasts at home. The Correct Installation of a weather station is paramount to its ability to provide accurate and reliable data. An incorrectly installed station can give false readings, skewing forecasts and potentially leading to poor decision-making based on that data. Therefore, it's crucial to understand the installation process and follow it meticulously. There are several ways an installation can go wrong. Some of the most common Incorrect Installation Methods include: 1. Improper Location: Installing the weather station in an area that doesn't represent the general climate, such as near buildings or trees, can affect the accuracy of its readings. 2. Incorrect Height: Weather stations installed at the wrong height can give misleading data. For instance, an anemometer should be installed at least 4 meters above the ground to accurately measure wind speed. 3. Wrong Orientation: The orientation of the weather station is essential, especially for instruments like the wind vane and anemometer. They should always face the north. 4. Neglecting Calibration: Without proper calibration, even a correctly installed weather station may provide inaccurate data. Now that we understand the pitfalls, let's look at the Correct Installation process for weather stations. 1. Choosing the Right Location: Select a location that is representative of your general climate. Avoid obstructions such as buildings and trees that can interfere with data collection. 2. Appropriate Height: Ensure the weather station is installed at the correct height. Wind sensors should be at least 4 meters above the ground, while temperature and humidity sensors should be 1.25 to 2 meters above the ground. 3. Proper Orientation: Ensure that your weather station is oriented correctly, with the wind vane and anemometer facing north. 4. Calibration: Regularly calibrate your weather station to ensure it continues to provide accurate data. Correct installation is only the first step to ensure accurate data. Regular maintenance is also crucial. This includes cleaning, recalibration, and replacing any worn-out parts. The importance of Correct Installation of weather stations cannot be overstated. An Incorrect Installation Method not only distorts data but also reduces the reliability of forecasts and other weather-related decisions. By following the correct installation method and regularly maintaining your weather station, you can ensure that your device delivers consistently accurate and reliable data. Remember that weather stations are a significant investment, both in terms of money and the value they add. Therefore, it is worth investing time and effort into installing them correctly and maintaining them regularly. If you are unsure about any aspect of the installation process, don't hesitate to consult with a professional or refer to the manufacturer's instructions. This will ensure that you get the most out of your weather station and that it serves you accurately and efficiently for many years to come.

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Application of temperature and humidity data logger in chocolate cold chain transportation

Chocolate candies, as high-end snack nobility, are both noble and fragile, especially in the process of transportation, they need careful care in order to keep their silky taste. When it comes to chocolate, people's hearts are always sweet; but in summer, chocolate often gives distributors a "headache". This is often the case: a batch of chocolates has been shipped, and they are happy to receive the goods, but after unpacking, they find that the chocolates have all melted. Chocolate has extremely demanding transportation requirements. It has high requirements on temperature, humidity and aging. Chocolate is afraid of heat and cold. The most suitable transportation temperature for chocolate is 5-22 °C, especially in summer, where the temperature is as high as 40 °C. It must be transported in the cold chain, and the temperature and humidity data loggers are installed in the cold chain transportation for monitoring. Chocolate does not like to be too humid, and there are requirements for humidity. Only when the storage and cold chain transportation are maintained within the appropriate humidity, can So that the chocolate does not absorb moisture in the air and keeps its characteristics stable. The most suitable storage temperature for chocolate is between 15°C and 22°C, and the set storage temperature must be kept constant. Especially in summer, the temperature difference from cold chain transportation to storage will cause white crystals to form on the surface of chocolate. The temperature and humidity data logger is suitable for chocolate cold chain transportation. The wireless temperature monitoring terminal has a sensitive response, professional sealing protection design, and 4G network real-time transmission to ensure the stability and reliability of data. Temperature and humidity data logger and temperature monitoring terminal suitable for refrigerated truck chocolate cold chain transportation flow. The temperature and humidity data logger integrates the current stable and reliable temperature sensing measurement technology and the advanced ARM system core. It also has base station positioning and GPS positioning, which is efficient and accurate, and is convenient for management.

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Introduction of sensor types and characteristics commonly used in gas detection alarms

When the flammable gas or toxic gas leaks in the industrial environment, when the fixed gas detector detects that the gas concentration reaches the critical point set by the explosion or poisoning alarm, the alarm will send out an alarm signal to remind the staff to take safety measures and drive the exhaust. , cutting, spraying system, to prevent explosion, fire, poisoning accident, so as to ensure safe production. The core component of the gas detection alarm is a gas sensor. The commonly used sensor types include catalytic combustion sensors (which can detect flammable gases), electrochemical sensors (which can detect oxygen and toxic gases), and infrared sensors (which can detect carbon dioxide and carbon oxides) , PID photoion sensor (can detect VOC organic solvent), semiconductor sensor (can detect VOC organic solvent).

Catalytic combustion sensor Using the principle of thermal effect, a measurement bridge is formed by pairing a detection element and a compensation element. The combustible gas burns without flame under the action of the detection element carrier surface and the catalyst, the carrier temperature rises, and the internal platinum wire resistance also rises accordingly. Balance The bridge is out of balance and outputs an electrical signal proportional to the concentration of combustible gas. By measuring the resistance change of the platinum wire, the concentration of the combustible gas is known. Advantages: mature technology, simple application, high cost performance, little environmental impact, most combustible gases can be detected Disadvantages: easy to be poisoned and fail, need oxygen to participate, high concentration non-linear

Infrared sensor Advantage:

Wide detection range, 0-100% VOL.

The sensor will not be poisoned and inhibited.

There is no need for oxygen, and it can be measured in an oxygen-free environment.

Long service life: The service life of the sensor is more than 5 years, and the maximum can reach 10 years.

Good measurement accuracy and repeatability.

Electrochemical sensors The electrochemical sensor consists of a diffusion-permeable membrane, a highly active electrode, and an acidic electrolyte. Generally, it is composed of three stages (induction electrode, counter electrode, reference electrode) and electrolyte. The gas undergoes oxidation or reduction reaction on the working electrode, and the corresponding half-reaction occurs on the counter electrode. A current proportional to the concentration will flow between the positive pole and the corner pole. By measuring the magnitude of the current change, the concentration of the toxic gas can be known. Advantage:

Sensitive response to ppm concentration

Accurate and linear in full range and azimuth

Good selectivity for target gas species

Electrolytes can be contaminated by alcohol or volatile oils

Some sensors are susceptible to sudden changes in temperature and humidity.

Semiconductor sensor Metal-oxide-semiconductor sensors (MOS) can be used to detect both ppm-level toxic gases and percentage concentrations of flammable and explosive gases. MOS sensors consist of a metal semiconductor such as SnO2. In clean air, its conductance is low, while in the presence of reducing gases, such as carbon monoxide or combustible gases, the conductance of the sensor element increases. Five, PID photoion sensor advantages:

There are many types of detection, which can measure hundreds of VOC gases

Extremely fast response time

Wide measurement range

Low detection limit, minimum detectable 10ppb

No poisoning shortcoming:

Measure total VOC and cannot identify specific gases.

The life of the sensor is short, and it generally needs to be replaced after 1-2 years.

High price

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Intelligent and easy management of farmers

With the development of science and technology, the Internet of Things and aquaculture, aquaculture and other irrelevant industries have also been connected in series, and an invisible Internet of Things is being built. In the breeding industry, the role of the Internet of Things is mainly It is reflected in the data collection and automatic management and control. The development of the environmental control system for chicken house breeding is also very rapid. Among them, the chicken house has more applications due to the cumbersome management.

The so-called Internet of Things is essentially a network of communication and interconnection between objects and objects. It mainly uses sensors, wireless acquisition terminals and other sensing devices to cooperate with wireless communication, positioning and other technologies to connect objects to the Internet for information communication and exchange technology. The chicken house breeding environmental control system applies the Internet of Things technology to the chicken farm, uses sensors and other sensing equipment to collect various parameters of the chicken farm, wirelessly transmits it to the intelligent control cabinet, and synchronizes it to the management cloud platform. The PLC logic of the cloud platform analyzes and processes, and issues commands to turn on and off the corresponding equipment, including the breeding, environment, breeding, disease, quality traceability and other links of the chicken farm. It is a revolutionary technology for the breeding industry, and is being upgraded to replace the traditional Breeding business model.

The environment has a direct impact on the growth quality of livestock. After the development of large-scale breeding, the difficulty of management will increase the cost. The first is environmental monitoring. The chicken house breeding environmental control system collects the data of the chicken farm online 24 hours a day through ammonia sensor, co2 sensor, hydrogen sulfide sensor, temperature and humidity sensor, illumination sensor and other equipment, and establishes the perfect data for the pig farm. monitor.

Secondly, the intelligent logic control function, according to the fluctuation of the collected data, automatically executes the equipment for setting and regulating. For example, when the temperature of the chicken house during the incubation period is lower than 36 °C, the warm light is automatically turned on according to the settings of the administrator. When the room temperature is raised to 37.5 ℃, the heating equipment will be automatically turned off, and the cycle will be executed. Special Note: The specific temperature setting is based on the 21-day incubation period and is only an example. Other problems such as high ammonia content, high carbon dioxide concentration, and insufficient lighting time are also controlled by the same logic.

In addition, for situations such as sudden temperature rise, low drinking water level, feeder, water feeder and other equipment failures, the cloud platform sends early warning information, WeChat, phone calls, text messages and other methods to prevent managers from missing connections.

Thirdly, the storage records of chicken farm data, the collection data of sensors and other equipment, the start and stop of fans and other equipment, and the data before and after the alarm information is sent are all recorded on the cloud platform, and the production of tables, graphs, etc. is easy to analyze. The form of comparison, export and download is stored in minutes.

For many professional breeding households, the environmental control system of chicken house breeding has the advantages of digitization, intelligence and integration compared with traditional breeding methods. It is a new mode of large-scale breeding and brings a lot of convenience.

Automatically control the farm environment, control the chicken farm to the point of fingertips, accurately control various environmental parameters; receive early warning information of the chicken farm in time, and quickly respond to abnormal and unexpected situations; establish chicken farm management Database, and gradually explore standardized and scientific breeding programs to improve the quality of egg production; accurately control energy consumption such as water and electricity, and reduce waste of resources;

The Internet of Things technology is being applied in all walks of life. For professional breeding households, to improve economic efficiency and improve the quality of eggs and meat, choose a chicken house breeding environment control system to manage chicken farms conveniently.

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What is smart agriculture?

Agriculture is the foundation of the country. This is particularly obvious. Agriculture is also the primary industry in the world, and its importance is evident. However, the shortcomings in traditional agricultural production and management are obstacles to economic transformation. Smart agriculture is in this background. Proposed under.

The planting and output of traditional agriculture are directly affected by the weather. God appreciates food and eats. In addition, crop planting, aquatic livestock and poultry breeding, and other production activities are mostly carried out based on the experience and feelings of farmers, herders and fishermen. The efficiency is low and it is difficult to achieve large-scale production. Production.

With the development of science and technology, with the rapid development of information technology and the prevalence of mobile Internet, the combination of agriculture and digital technology has become a possibility, and high hopes have been placed on it. As soon as smart agriculture is proposed, it has advantages that are not available in other fields. It can integrate technologies such as the Internet, mobile Internet, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things, and has obvious advantages in intelligence.

Smart agriculture is produced by the combination of Internet of Things technology and agriculture. It integrates functions such as centralized monitoring, weather station monitoring, wired and wireless transmission, intelligent analysis, and linkage execution. It achieves one-click remote management and links all aspects of agricultural production and operation. Combining management, a variety of modern technologies have been comprehensively applied in agriculture, reversing the mode of agricultural production.

Transform the organizational structure between agricultural producers, consumers and processors, and the market supply-demand relationship between low-quality grains and farmers. The application of water and fertilizer in agricultural production and planting does not require a little manual irrigation, and it is handed over to the integrated water and fertilizer irrigation system. , Regular or periodic irrigation, regular and quantitative; the planting space can also be changed from the ground to three-dimensional, vertical multi-layer planting, saving land area, which has obvious advantages for the small per capita cultivated area in my country. Obviously, smart agriculture is the agriculture The technological revolution is quietly emerging.

Smart agriculture is the future development direction of agriculture and the key to realizing rural revitalization. The way of artificial planting is also replaced by the Internet of Things, big data and cloud platforms. The planting experience is transformed into a data input cloud platform, which is executed by the cloud platform, and has an impact on agricultural production factors. Carry out digitization, intelligent control, and automated management.

Smart agriculture is not a castle in the sky. It has been initially implemented in the Netherlands and other countries. As a small country with more people and less land, the per capita arable land area is 1.5 mu, but agricultural products can earn more than 30 billion US dollars in net exports each year. This must be supported by agricultural technology. of.

Smart agriculture is the development direction of agriculture in the future, the key to realizing rural revitalization, improving the professional skills of agricultural personnel, learning agricultural knowledge remotely without leaving home, obtaining information on the cultivation, circulation, and supply and demand of agricultural products, and becoming the brains of agricultural producers.

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Design of Intelligent Irrigation System Based on LORA Gateway

Regarding agricultural planting irrigation, there are currently many methods such as flood irrigation, drip irrigation, and sprinkler irrigation. Among them, flood irrigation should be the most used method, which requires a large amount of water and somewhat deteriorates the balance of the environmental ecosystem. Irrigation operations will Some are inconvenient and not intelligent enough to achieve large-scale, digital management in agricultural production.

The growth of any kind of crops needs to meet the necessary elements such as water, soil and fertilizer, and keep them in a relatively suitable range. Too much is not enough. For example, if the humidity is too high, the root system may rot, and the soil is too dry to meet the growth, and it will turn yellow and wilt. For curling, the purpose of irrigation is to match the soil moisture within the range suitable for plant growth.

According to different crop varieties, the suitable humidity is not the same. Take the lawn as an example to illustrate the workflow of the intelligent irrigation system. According to the growth needs of the lawn, set the suitable humidity range of 50%-60%RH on the intelligent irrigation system management platform. When the soil moisture sensor detects that the humidity is lower than 50%, it will automatically open the valve for watering according to the set requirements, or remind the manager through WeChat, SMS, etc. that it is time to water. The manager will open the irrigation valve after receiving the prompt. When the irrigation humidity reaches After 50%—60%, it will automatically shut down.

The irrigation process under the control of the intelligent irrigation system does not require the direct participation of people. The system irrigates itself, and the manager's job has changed from the previous operator to the manager, regulating the system. Multiple irrigation modes, such as remote irrigation, timing irrigation, and circular irrigation, are available, which can be set according to the needs of the crops.

Sensors, frequency conversion control cabinets, valves, management cloud platforms and other equipment are the main components of the intelligent irrigation system, which intelligently link all links of the entire irrigation system and combine with the soil moisture monitoring system to realize automatic irrigation.

The intelligent irrigation system is based on the DLC intelligent automatic control function of the LORA gateway and the edge computing function of the agricultural Internet of Things platform, combined with the soil moisture monitoring system and the weather station monitoring data, to realize automatic irrigation in multiple scenarios such as fully automatic facility agriculture and field agriculture, greenhouses, gardens, etc. .

The intelligent irrigation system has a wide range of applications and a variety of applicable environments. It has a strong focus on issues such as the need for regular inspections, the high cost of laying wires, and high maintenance costs, and it is gradually entering thousands of households.

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Campus environmental weather station guards campus safety

In addition to being used for teaching and related course research, the campus environmental weather station can also be effectively used to help schools quickly discover abnormal conditions in meteorological changes, which can also indirectly protect the safety of students and teachers , To avoid disaster losses and injuries to many families due to some meteorological problems.

The school is a large group that brings together teachers and students from different regions. Behind everyone is the concern of a family. Once a problem occurs in the school, many families and social forces will be affected. Therefore, protecting the safety of schools is an important social work. The use of the campus environmental weather station allows the school to arrange some practical activities in meteorological observation, so that students can understand some specific phenomena of meteorological changes in actual operation and observation, and also have an understanding of these meteorological data. By analyzing the meteorological data, Finding differences and problems in weather changes can help students comprehensively improve their competence and ability in different content areas.

The campus environmental weather station can observe multiple meteorological elements such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction and rainfall at the same time. The data can be uploaded to the cloud platform, and the data can be viewed effectively without special personnel on duty. The operation is simple during use, and It is easy to install and can play a great role in schools, helping schools to improve the vacancies in meteorological teaching.

There are several points to pay attention to when installing the campus weather station. For example, the buildings around the campus weather station should not be too high, because too high buildings will affect the accuracy of the monitoring results, especially the monitoring of wind speed and direction. In addition, the campus weather station itself relies on sensors to monitor meteorological element information. The sensors themselves are very precise. Therefore, when installing the sensors, they need strong magnetic fields, such as transformers and high-voltage wires. These should be kept as far away as possible to ensure the accuracy of the monitoring results. sex.

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How to monitor water quality online in real time for aquaculture fisheries?

Different fish have different requirements for water temperature. In order to create the most suitable temperature environment for the fish, it is necessary to keep abreast of the temperature changes of the pool water.

The pH value of the aquaculture water not only affects the growth of fish, but also affects the nutrients in the water, so people often use lime to adjust the pH of the fish pond water. For warm-water fish such as silver carp, bighead carp, grass, common carp, and bream, it prefers alkaline water, and its suitable pH value is 7.5 to 8.5.

The suitable dissolved oxygen value for general fish is more than 3 mg/liter. When the dissolved oxygen value in water is less than 3 mg/liter, the fish stop eating and growing; when the dissolved oxygen value is less than 2 mg/liter, the fish will float; at 0.6 Death begins at ~0.8 mg/L.

Ammonia nitrogen refers to the general term for free ammonia (NH) and ammonium ions (NH4+) in water. Ammonia nitrogen is a nutrient element in the water body. Its source is mainly produced by the decomposition of nitrogen-containing organic matter and the decomposition of aquatic organisms and bait, feces, and biological debris. Excessive ammonia nitrogen can lead to eutrophication of the water body and also cause fish and shrimp and other aquatic animals. Poisoning causes increased mucus on the body surface, bleeding, loss of appetite, and inhibits its growth. In severe cases, it can lead to death. The ammonia nitrogen content of the aquaculture water shall not exceed 0.2mg/L.

Salinity: Same as water temperature, different varieties have different requirements for salinity. Let’s not talk about freshwater cultured species. Marine cultured species can be distinguished between wide-salinity and narrow-salinity. Wide-salinity species can survive under different salinities, such as sturgeon, seabass, vannamei, rainbow trout. The narrow salinity species can only survive within a certain range of salinity, such as sea cucumbers, etc., and the salinity of the water body is not easy to change too quickly in a short period of time.

In order to predict the trend of water quality changes and adjust the water quality in time during the breeding process, water quality indicators such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and ammonia nitrogen must be measured multiple times a day. Domestic water quality testing instruments used in aquaculture are generally offline laboratory testing methods, which require sampling, and the feedback cycle of test results is long, and water quality cannot be adjusted automatically based on the results. On the one hand, the result feedback cycle is long, and it is difficult to guarantee aquaculture. On the other hand, breeding personnel must master sufficient breeding knowledge and be familiar with a large amount of control data in order to formulate a suitable adjustment and control plan for water quality. This requires breeding personnel to have high quality and regular Intervention.

Putong's water quality monitoring method has been unable to meet the needs of the rapidly developing aquaculture industry due to the long test cycle and slow data feedback speed. Using the IOT Internet of Things platform, the hardware is used to collect data in real time and report to the cloud 24 hours a day, and perform recording, early warning reports and other functions in the cloud. Every link is digitized, and anomalies are quickly sent to the manager’s mobile phone via early warning, and information can be fed back in time through platform alarms, SMS notifications and other functions.

Through the combination of water PH sensor, dissolved oxygen sensor, ammonia nitrogen sensor and other equipment and IoT, online monitoring of water quality parameters in aquaculture can be realized, and reliable aquaculture data can be accurately grasped, scientific breeding, users can save a lot of manual operations, and reduce fish diseases The resulting loss reduces the mortality rate. Through long-term continuous monitoring, adjustment and control of water quality, it is possible to significantly increase breeding output, improve output and quality, and achieve macroscopic, scientific, convenient, informatized, and standardized breeding.

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What is the agricultural automatic irrigation system

The agricultural automatic irrigation system is a set of solutions proposed to save water under the premise of ensuring the water demand of agricultural crops. In simple terms, agricultural automatic irrigation system means that agricultural irrigation does not require human control. The system can automatically sense when irrigation is needed and how long it takes to irrigate; and the agricultural automatic irrigation system can automatically turn on or turn off the irrigation system; It can increase the amount of sprinkler irrigation when the soil is too dry, and reduce the amount of sprinkler irrigation when the soil is too wet. To a certain extent, the problem of agricultural irrigation water has been solved, water resources have been saved, and the utilization rate of agricultural irrigation water has been improved.

The agricultural automatic irrigation system consists of a wireless smart gateway, a drip irrigation smart controller, a wireless collector, a solar panel, and various sensors (soil moisture sensor, temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, rainfall, light, leaf humidity, soil conductivity sensor) ), control solenoid valve, video camera, high-definition hard disk video recorder, etc., as well as cloud server software, mobile phone APP software.

Realize remote transparent wireless transmission of data, realize remote monitoring of farmland irrigation, and reduce labor intensity; in the case of unattended, automatic remote command can be designed according to crop growth requirements for the whole life cycle, and water can be timed. It is directly provided to crops in proportion, and the use of this system can greatly improve the efficiency of irrigation water use. Through advanced Internet of Things technology, users can truly remotely monitor and receive alarms through computers or mobile phones anytime and anywhere.

The application of agricultural automatic irrigation system has changed human manipulation, randomness and blindness of operation to a certain extent. It can not only improve the utilization rate of source and alleviate the contradiction of increasingly tense water resources, but also increase the output of crops and reduce the cost of agricultural products. The agricultural automatic irrigation system based on sensor technology is the only way to develop high-efficiency agriculture and precision agriculture.